List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes
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This is a list of Celtic tribes, listed in order of the Roman province (after Roman conquest) or the general area in which they lived. This geographical distribution of Celtic tribes does not imply that tribes that lived in the same general geographical area were more related. Some tribes' or tribal confederation's names are listed under more than one region because they dwelt in several of the regions.
High Danube-Hercynia
Southern Central Europe, roughly upper Danube river basin and neighboring regions, is hypothesized as the original area of the Celts (Proto-Celts), corresponding to the Hallstatt Culture. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.
Hercynia
- Eastern Celts[1]
- Anartes/Anartoi – Celts assimilated by Dacians.[2] Areas of modern Slovakia and modern Northern Hungary, north of the river Tysia/Tibiscus (Tisza). They lived in the east part of the Hercynia Silva (Hercynian Forest).
- Boii[1]– a tribal confederation, originally from today's Bohemia (Western Czech Republic) that dwelt in the Hercynia Silva and dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe, to areas of modern Slovakia, Germany, Austria, Hungary and Northern Italy.[3][4]
- Boii tribes of unknown names in the Hercynia Silva - roughly in today's Bohemia
- Cotini – areas of modern Slovakia, west of the Anartes, and areas of Western Hungary, south of Lacus Pelsodis/Pelso (Lake Balaton).
- Lugii – areas of modern southwestern and southern Poland; also may have been a Germanic tribe.
- Osi/Osii – areas of modern Slovakia[5]
- Volcae - a tribal confederation, originally from today's Moravia (Eastern Czech Republic), Central and Upper Danube basin (Slovakia, Austria, Southern Germany), dwelt in Hercynia Silva, north of the Danuvius (Danube), but dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe (Southern Gaul) and Asia Minor/Anatolia (Galatia).
- Volcae tribes of unknown names in the Hercynia Silva - roughly in today's Moravia.
- Gauls (Celtae)
- Helvetii – original dwellers of Agri Decumates region, in the western part of Hercynia Silva, unknown named tribes of the Helvetii tribal confederation, also dwelt to the South and Southwest in Helvetia (modern day Switzerland). Decumates may have meant "Ten Cantons".
- Latobrigi/Latovici - uncertain location, maybe to the north or northeast of the Helvetii in the upper Danube (Danubius) and upper Rhine river basins, original dwellers of Agri Decumates region, in the western part of Hercynia Silva.
- Tulingi (Tylangii?) – localisation unclear, possibly Southern Germany, Switzerland or Austria; also may have been a Germanic tribe.
Noricum
- Eastern Celts[1]
- Carni – Carnic Alps, South Austria (Carinthia/Kärnten), Western Slovenia (Carniola/Kranjska) and Northern Friuli/Friûl (Carnia/Cjargna). A tribe related to the Carnutes? Also may have been a Venetic tribe (the Veneti were a transitional people between Celts and Italics or a Celticized Italic people).
- Norici/Taurisci - a tribal confederation
- Alauni - in the middle Aenus river basin (Inn), east of the Aenus in the Eastern Alps, Chiemsee and Attersee lakes region.
- Ambidravi/Ambidrani - in the upper and middle Dravus (Drau/Drava) river basin in the Eastern Alps and also in the Mur/Mura river basin, today's Carinthia and Styria, Austria.
- Ambilici - in the Dravus (Drau/Drava) river basin, east of the Ambidravi/Ambidrani (today's Southeast Austria and Northeast Slovenia).
- Ambisontes/Ambisontii - in the Alpes Noricae (East Central Alps), in the upper Salzach river basin.
- Norici (Narisci)/Nori - may have been a tribe of the larger Taurisci tribal federation; in the Eastern Alps and in the Mur/Mura and Schwarza rivers basins and other areas, today's Styria and Lower Austria (Austria) south of the Danubius (Danube), also may have been a Germanic tribe.
- Sevaces - in the low Aenus river basin (Inn), east of the Aenus and south of the Danubius (Danube), roughly in today's Upper Austria.
Rhaetia
- Rhaetians – They lived in Central Alps, eastern parts of present-day Switzerland, the Tyrol in Austria, and the Alpine regions of northern Italy. They spoke the Rhaetian language. There is evidence that the non-Celtic (and Pre-Indo-European) elements (see Tyrsenian languages) had, by the time of Augustus, been assimilated by the influx of Celtic tribes and had adopted Celtic speech.[6] In addition, the abundance of Celtic toponyms and the complete absence of Etruscan place names in the Rhaetian territory, leads to the conclusion that, by the time of Roman conquest, the Rhaetians were completely Celticized.[7]
- Benlauni - Upper valley of fl. Aenus (r. Inn) in today's North Tirol, Austria, along with the Breuni (may have been older dwellers than the Breuni), not the same as the Breuni, Pons Aeni (modern Wasserburg) was their main centre.
- Breuni/Brenni/Breones - Upper valley of fl. Aenus (r. Inn) in today's North Tirol, Austria, and Val Bregna and around Brenner Mountain; also may have been an Illyrian tribe and not a Rhaetian one.
- Brixenetes/Brixentes/Brixantae - Upper valley of fl. Athesis (r. Adige) in today's South Tirol, Italy, around Bressanone/Brixen.
- Calucones/Culicones - Calanda (upper valley of fl. Rhenus - r. Rhine) in today's Grisons canton, Switzerland and Valtellina, Colico.
- Camunni/Camuni - Val Camonica (river Oglio) in today's Brescia Province (Lombardia, Italy); also may have been a tribe of the Euganei and not a Rhaetian tribe.
- Consuanetae/Cosuanetes/Cotuantii? - Upper and middle valley of fl. Isarus (r. Isar) (Bavarian Alps) in today's Upper Bavaria, Germany; also may have been a tribe of the Vindelici (a tribal confederacy), named Cotuantii (if they are the same).
- Focunates - Upper valley of fl. Aenus (r. Inn) in today's North Tirol, Austria, neighbours to Genaunes and Breuni.
- Genaunes/Genauni - Upper valleys of the fl. Aenus (r. Inn) and the Athesis (Adige) in today's Tirol (North Tirol and South Tirol); also may have been an Illyrian tribe and not a Rhaetian one; east of the Lepontii.
- Isarci - Valley of fl. Isarcus (r. Isarco) in today's South Tirol, Italy.
- Leponti/Lepontii/Leipontii/Lepontes - Val Leventina and Val d'Ossola in today's Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, Piemonte, Italy; also may not have been a Rhaetian tribe but instead a Gaulish tribe; west of the Genaunes/Genauni.
- Medoaci - close to the Meduacum (Brenta) source, Ausugum (Borgo Valsugana) was their main town.
- Mesiales - south of the Lepontii.
- Naunes - in Val di Non, Trento Province.
- Querquani - in Quero area (today's Belluno Province, Veneto Region).
- Runicates/Rucinates/Rucantii? - Between rivers Isarus (Isar) and Danuvius (Danube), Low Bavaria; also may have been a tribe of the Vindelici (a tribal confederation).
- Rugusci/Ruigusci/Rucantii? Upper Engadin (fl. Aenus - r. Inn) in today's Grisons canton, Switzerland.
- Suanetes/Suanitae/Sarunetes - Upper Rhenus (Upper Rhine) and Valley of r. Albula in today's Grisons canton, Switzerland.
- Tridentini - in the middle Athesis (Adige) river basin.
- Trumpilini/Trumplini - Val Trompia in today's Brescia Province, Italy; also may have been a tribe of the Euganei and not a Rhaetian tribe.
- Vennonetes/Vennones/Vennonienses - Upper valley of fl. Rhenus (r. Rhine) in today's canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland; also may not have been a Rhaetian tribe but instead a tribe of the Vindelici (a tribal confederation).
- Venostes - Vinschgau (It. Val Venosta) (fl. Athesis - r. Adige) in today's South Tirol, Italy.
Vindelicia
- Eastern Celts[1]
- Vindelici – a tribal confederation, areas of modern Southern Germany (Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg), in the upper Danube basin. May have been a confederation of mixed Celtic and Germanic tribes.
- Brigantii – in the Lacus Brigantinus (Lake Constance) area, Brigantia (Bregenz) was the main centre, in the border areas of modern Germany, Austria and Switzerland, north of the Vennonetes/Vennones/Vennonienses.
- Catenates - South of the Danubius (Danube), in the low Licus (Lech) river area, Augusta Vindelicorum region (today's Augsburg), north of the Licates.
- Consuanetae/Cosuanetes/Cotuantii? - Upper and middle valley of fl. Isarus (r. Isar) (Bavarian Alps) in today's Upper Bavaria, Germany.
- Estiones - South of the Danubius (Danube), in the Ilargus (Roth) and Riss rivers area, including today's Ulm area (between modern Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg), Cambodunum (today's Kempten) was one of their towns.
- Leuni - in the Isarus (Isar) and Ammer (Amper) river areas, Munich area, Bavaria.
- Licates - in the Licus (Lech) river valley, south of the Catenates.
- Runicates/Rucinates/Rucantii? - Between rivers Isarus (Isar) and Danuvius (Danube), Low Bavaria.
- Vennonetes/Vennones/Vennonienses - Upper valley of fl. Rhenus (r. Rhine) in today's canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland, south of the Brigantii.
- Vindelici – a tribal confederation, areas of modern Southern Germany (Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg), in the upper Danube basin. May have been a confederation of mixed Celtic and Germanic tribes.
Venetia
- Eastern Celts[1]
- Carni – Carnic Alps, South Austria (Carinthia/Kärnten), Western Slovenia (Carniola/Kranjska) and Northern Friuli/Friûl (Carnia/Cjargna). A tribe related to the Carnutes?
- Catubrini - In the Alps Southeastern slopes, close to Atesis (Adige) and near Tridentum (Trento), to the Southwest of the Carni. They came from Central Europe and not from Gaul (Gallia). (They were not Cisalpine Gaulish Celts).
- Veneti? (Transitional people between Celts and Italics? Celticized Italic people? Para-Celtic people?)
Liguria
- Ligures – Northern Mediterranean Coast straddling South-east French and North-west Italian coasts, including Northern Tuscany and Corsica. Because of the strong Celtic influences on their language and culture, they were known already in antiquity as Celto-Ligurians (in Greek Κελτολίγυες, Keltolígues).[8] Very little is known about this language, Ligurian (mainly place names and personal names remain) which is generally believed to have been Celtic or Para-Celtic;[9][10] (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic).
- Apuani – Eastern Liguria from the Northern Apennines Mountains to the mediterranean coast.
- Bagienni (or Vagienni) – (in the area of Bene Vagienna)
- Briniates (or Boactes) – (in the area of Brugnato)
- Deciates – (in modern Provence, west of the river Var)
- Friniates – (in the area now called Frignano)
- Garuli – (in the area of Cenisola)
- Genuates – (in the area of Genua - Genova)
- Hercates
- Ilvates (or Iluates) – (if different from the Iriates) (on the island of Elba)
- Ingauni – Western Liguria from the Northern Apennines Mountains and Ligurian Alps to the mediterranean coast.
- Intemelii - Western Liguria from the Ligurian Alps to the mediterranean coast, west of the Ingauni, in the Albium Intemelium area (today's Ventimiglia).
- Laevi – a ligurian tribe that dwelt in the low river Ticinus (Ticino), according to both Livy & Pliny.[11] According to Livy (v. 34), they took part in the expedition of Bellovesus into Italy in the 6th century BC
- Lapicini (or Lapicinii) – In the extreme northern regions of Liguria, as it was defined in Roman times, on a tributary of the Magra
- Marici – (near the confluence of the rivers Orba, Bormida and Tanaro)
- Statielli – on the road from Vada Sabatia, near Savona to Dertona (Tortona) and Placentia
- Tigulli – from the Northern Apennines Mountains to the mediterranean coast, west of the Apuani.
- Tricastini
Gaul (Gallia)
Cisalpine Gaul (Gallia Cisalpina)
Cisalpine Gaul (Gallia Cisalpina), also called Gallia Citerior or Gallia Togata,[15] was the part of Italy continually inhabited by Celts since the 13th century BC.[16] Conquered by the Roman Republic in the 220s BC, it was a Roman province from c. 81 BC until 42 BC, when it was merged into Roman Italy.[17] Until that time, it was considered part of Gaul, precisely that part of Gaul on the "hither side of the Alps" (from the perspective of the Romans), as opposed to Transalpine Gaul ("on the far side of the Alps").[18]
- Cisalpine Gauls (Celtae/Galli Cisalpini) - Multiple waves of population movements from France.[4] They spoke Cisalpine Gaulish (a Continental Celtic language of the P Celtic type) closely related to Gaulish or Gallic.
- Seven Gaulish tribes that according to Livy settled in Cisalpine Gaul around 600 BC. Led by Bellovesus, they defeated the Etruscans at the Ticino, settled in Insubria and founded the city of Mediolanum, the modern Milan.[19]
- Anani – Western Emilia, Po Valley, (Fidentia, Province of Piacenza)
- Anamares – Minor tribe whose precise location along the southern bank of the river Padus in Italy is uncertain
- Anares – Middle Po Valley, Placentia (Piacenza, Province of Piacenza)
- Boii – Central Emilia-Romagna (Bologna).
- Cenomani – Eastern Lombardy (Brixia, Cremona). Related to or a branch of the Cenomani (Aulerci Cenomani) that lived in Gaul (Gallia).
- Gaesatae – Numbering c. 30,000, they participated in the battle of Telamon[20]
- Graioceli/Garocelli – Northwestern Piedmont in the Graian Alps
- Insubres – Western Lombardy (Milan)
- Libici/Libui – Between the rivers Duria Bautica/Duria Maior (Dora Baltea) and Sesites/Sessites (Sesia).
- Lingones – North-eastern Emilia-Romagna (Ferrara), Po Valley. Related to or a branch of the Lingones that lived in Gaul (Gallia).
- Orobii or Orumbovii – Central Lombardy (Bergamo)
- Salassi – Aosta Valley and Canavese (Northern Piedmont) (Ivrea)
- Segusini (or Cottii) – Western Piedmont on Cottian Alps (Susa)
- Senones – South-eastern Emilia-Romagna (Rimini) and Northern Marche (Senigallia). Related to or a branch of the Senones that lived in Gaul (Gallia).
- Taurini – Piedmont (Turin)
- Vertamocorii – Eastern Piedmont (Novara)
- Lepontine Celts - They seem to have been an older group of Celts that lived in Cisalpine Gaul before the Gaulish Celtic migration. They spoke Lepontic (a Continental Celtic language) a Celtic language that seems to precede Cisalpine Gaulish.
- Lepontii – Northern Lombardy, North-eastern Piedmont and Switzerland in the Lepontine Alps. They were not Gaulish Celts
- Camunni – in the Valcamonica and Valtellina valleys of the Central Alps. A celticized Rhaetic tribe. Some consider them to be Celtic.[21]
Transalpine Gaul (Gallia Transalpina)
Transalpine Gaul, meaning literally "Gaul on the other side of the Alps" or "Gaul across the Alps", is approximately modern Belgium, France, Switzerland, Netherlands, and Western Germany. in what would become the Roman provinces of Gallia Narbonensis, Gallia Celtica (later Lugdunensis and Aquitania) and Gallia Belgica. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.
List of peoples of Gaul (with their capitals/major settlements):
Aquitania Propria (Aquitania Proper)
- Gauls (Celtae/Galli Cisalpini) - They spoke Gaulish (a Continental Celtic language of the P Celtic type).
- Garumni – along the banks of the high Garumna (Garonne), southwest of the Volcae Tectosages, and in and around Lugdunum Convenarum, among the Convenae. Although they dwelt in Aquitania Proper, they seem to have been a Celtic tribe and not a tribe of the Aquitani (a people that may have been ancestor of the Basques).
- Eastern Celts[1]
- Boii Boiates/Boviates/Boates – La Tête de Buch, probably around Arcachon Bay and northwest of Landes (departement), in the Pays de Buch and Pays de Born. Although they dwelt in Aquitania Proper, they seem to have been a Celtic tribe and not a tribe of the Aquitani (a people that may have been ancestor of the Basques).
- Celtiberians (Eastern Hispano-Celts/Celts of Eastern Hispania)
- Belendi/Pelendi – Belinum territory (Belin-Béliet), in the middle Sigmatis river (in today's Leyre) river area, south of the Bituriges Vivisci and the Boii Boiates; they may have been related to the Pellendones (a Celtiberian tribe). Although they dwelt in Aquitania Proper, they seem to have been a Celtic tribe and not a tribe of the Aquitani (a people that may have been ancestor of the Basques).
Belgica
- Belgae[22] They dwelt in Belgica, parts of Britannia, and may have dwelt in parts of Hibernia and also of Hispania) (large tribal confederation).
- Ambiani – Amiens
- Ambivareti
- Atrebates – Arras
- Bellovaci – Beauvais
- Caleti/Caletes – Harfleur (Caracotinum), later Lillebonne (Juliobona)
- Catalauni – Châlons-en-Champagne
- Catuslogi
- Eburones (mixed Belgae and Germani cisrhenani people)
- Leuci – Toul (Tullum Leucorum)
- Mediomatrici – Metz
- Meldi – Marne (Matrona) – Meaux
- Menapii – Cassel
- Morini – Boulogne-sur-Mer
- Nervii – Bavay, Belgae largest tribal confederation.
- Remi – Reims
- Silvanectii – Senlis
- Suessiones – Soissons (Suessetani may have been related, result of a migration towards south)[23]
- Tencteri – Rhine east bank, may have been a Celtic tribe (and not a Germanic one) or a mixed Belgae and Germani tribe.
- Treveri – Trier
- Usipetes – Rhine east bank, may have been a Celtic tribe (and not a Germanic one) or a mixed Belgae and Germani tribe.
- Veliocasses/Velicasses/Velocasses – Rouen
- Viromandui – Noyon
Celtica
- Gauls (Celtae) - They spoke Gaulish (a Continental Celtic language of the P Celtic type).
- Aremorican tribes (Northwestern Gaulish tribes) - Aremorica/Armorica (Civitates Armoricae)
- Abrincatui
- Ambibarii/Ambivarii
- Armoricani/Aremoricii proper
- Ambiliates/Ambilatres – Low Liger (Loire)
- Baiocasses/Boiocasses – Bayeux
- Carnutes – Autricum (Chartres), Cenabum/Genabum (Orleans)
- Coriosolites/Curiosolitae – Corseul
- Lexovii – Lisieux
- Namnetes – Nantes
- Osismii - Western end of Brittany Peninsula
- Redones – Rennes
- Venelli/Unelli – Coutances, Contentin Peninsula, in today's Western Normandy region
- Veneti – Vannes
- Viducasses/Vadicasses/Vadicassii – Vieux
- Central Gaulish tribes
- Aedui/Haedui - Gaulish Celts largest tribal confederation.
- Aedui/Haedui proper - Bibracte
- Ambarri
- Ambivareti
- Aulerci Brannovices/Brannovii/Blannovii (a southern branch of the Aulerci but within the Aedui tribal confederation)
- Bituriges Cubi – Bourges (an eastern branch of the Bituriges but within the Aedui tribal confederation)
- Mandubii – Alesia
- Parisii – Paris
- Segusiavi/Segobriges - Lugdunum (Lyon), that was to be capital of Gallia Lugdunensis, was in their land
- Senones – Sens
- Agenisates/Angesinates – Angoumois
- Agnutes – Vendee
- Anagnutes
- Andecamulenses
- Andecavi/Andes – Angers
- Antobroges
- Arverni – Gergovia (tribal confederation)
- Arvii
- Atacini – Aussière
- Atesui
- Aulerci (tribal confederation)
- Avantices
- Bipedimui/Pimpedunni
- Bituriges Vivisci – Bordeaux (Burdigala)
- Boii – Boui near Entrain[3] - They were related to or a branch of the Boii.
- Cadurci – Cahors
- Caeresi
- Cambolectres
- Corisopiti
- Eleuterii
- Elycoces
- Epomandui
- Helvetii – La Tène, (tribal confederation).
- Insubres
- Lemovices – Limoges
- Lingones
- Medulli Meduci – Médoc
- Nantuates/Nantuatae
- Nitiobroges/Nitiobriges
- Petrocorii – Périgueux
- Pictones/Pictavi – Poitiers
- Raurici/Rauraci – Kaiseraugst (Augusta Raurica)
- Reieni
- Ruteni – Rodez
- Santones – Saintes
- Seduni – High Rhône river valley, Sion (Middle Valais, Switzerland)
- Sequani – Besançon
- Tornates/Turnates
- Tricasses/Tricassini
- Triviatii
- Trones
- Turones/Turoni – Tours
- Uberi/Viberi – High Rhône river valley, Upper Valais
- Vellavi/Velaunii – Ruessium
- Veragri - High Rhône river valley, Lower Valais
- Veroduni
- Aedui/Haedui - Gaulish Celts largest tribal confederation.
- Aremorican tribes (Northwestern Gaulish tribes) - Aremorica/Armorica (Civitates Armoricae)
Narbonensis
- Gauls (Celtae) - They spoke Gaulish (a Continental Celtic language of the P Celtic type).
- Adenates – slopes of the Western Alps (Maurienne-Modanne)
- Adunicates – Andon area
- Albici – Middle and Lower Durance river valley (tribal confederation)
- Albienses/Albici Proper
- Vordenses
- Vulgientes
- Allobroges/Allobriges – Vienne
- Avatici – Camargue
- Bebryces (Gauls) – in southern Gaul, south of the Volcae Arecomici, close to Narbo (Narbonne) region.
- Bodiontici
- Bramovices – Low Tarentaise, Savoy
- Briganii – Briançon, High Durance river valley
- Caturiges – Chorges, High Durance river valley
- Cavares/Cavari – North of Low Durance, Arausio (Orange), (tribal confederation)
- Ceutrones/Centrones – Moûtiers
- Chalbici – Chablais
- Edenates
- Esubii/Esuvii/Sesuvii – Ubaye Valley
- Gaesatae/Gaesati
- Graioceli/Garocelli
- Helvii/Elvi
- Iconii – Gap
- Medulli – Vienne
- Nemalones
- Nemeturii – High Var river valley
- Quariates
- Salyes/Salluvii (may have been a Celtic tribe or a mixed Celtic-Ligurian tribe)
- Segovellauni
- Segusini
- Sentienes – Senez
- Tricorii
- Veamini
- Vergunni – Vinon-sur-Verdon
- Vertamocori – Vercors
- Vesubiani – Vésubie
- Vocontii – Vaison-la-Romaine (in modern Provence, on the east bank of the Rhône)
- Ligures - A Celtic related people, closer to the Celts, they spoke ancient Ligurian.
- Deciates - a tribe that dwelt in the region of Antipolis (Antibes) west of the river Varus (Var).
- Elisyces/Helisyces - a tribe that dwelt in the region of Narbo (Narbonne) and modern northern Roussillon. May have been either Iberian or Ligurian or a Ligurian-Iberian tribe.
- Euburiates
- Oxybii - a Ligurian tribe that dwelt on the Mediterranean coast near Massalia (Marseille).
- Salyes/Salluvii (may have been a Celtic tribe or a mixed Celtic-Ligurian tribe)
- Vediantii
Great Britain (Britannia)
Britannia was the name Romans gave, based on the name of the people: the Britanni. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe but others are confederations or even unions of tribes.
Britain Proper (Britannia Propria)
- Belgae[22] (Wiltshire and Hampshire) (according to classical authors, see Caesar's De Bello Gallico, they were a different people and spoke a different language (Ancient Belgic) from the Gauls and Britons; they were clearly an Indo-European people and may have spoken a Celtic language, although there is a remote possibility that their language may have been Proto-Celtic or Proto-Germanic; they dwelt in Belgica, parts of Britannia, and may have dwelt in parts of Hibernia and also of Hispania)
- Atrebates – an important Belgic tribe of today's Southern England, in Berkshire. Related to or a branch of the Atrebates that lived in Gallia Belgica.
- Belgae (tribe) – Belgic tribe, in today's England's south coast, Isle of Wight, Hampshire, Wiltshire
- Catuvellauni (Hertfordshire) – Belgic tribe, neighbours of the Iceni, they joined in their rebellion. May have been related to the Catalauni.
- Britons (Britanni) - Some of them spoke Britonic (an Insular Celtic language of the P Celtic type).
- Ancalites (uncertain: speculatively Hampshire and Wiltshire)
- Attacotti (origin uncertain)
- Bibroci (mentioned by Caesar, location uncertain but possibly Berkshire)
- Boresti (sometimes Horesti) (In or near Fife, Scotland according to Tacitus)
- Brigantes (an important tribe in most of Northern England and in the south-east corner of Ireland)
- Cantiaci (in present-day Kent which preserves the ancient tribal name)
- Carvetii (Cumberland)
- Cassi (mentioned by Caesar, possibly south-east England)
- Cenimagni (Iceni Magni?) (mentioned by Caesar, perhaps the same as the Iceni)
- Corieltauvi/Coritani (East Midlands including Leicester)
- Corionototae (possibly a tribe) (Northumberland)
- Cornovii (Midlands)
- Damnonii (Southwestern Scotland)
- Deceangli (Flintshire, Wales)
- Demetae (Dyfed, Wales)
- Dobunni (Cotswolds and Severn valley)
- Dumnonii (Devon, Cornwall, Somerset)
- Cornovii (Cornwall) (a sub-tribe, or sept, of the Dumnonii)
- Durotriges (Dorset, south Somerset, south Wiltshire)
- Gabrantovices
- Gangani (Llŷn Peninsula, Wales)
- Iceni (East Anglia) – under Boudica, they rebelled against Roman rule
- Novantae (Galloway and Carrick)
- Ordovices (Gwynedd, Wales) – they waged guerrilla warfare from the north Wales hills
- Otadini/Votadini (north-east England and south-east Scotland) – they later formed Gododdin
- Parisii (East Riding of Yorkshire)
- Regnenses/Regni – in today's East Hampshire, Sussex and Surrey
- Segontiaci (probably south-east England)
- Selgovae (Dumfriesshire and the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright)
- Setantii (possibly a tribe) (Lancashire)
- Silures (south Wales) – resisted the Romans in present-day south Wales
- Trinovantes/Trinobantes (Essex) – neighbours of the Iceni, they joined in their rebellion
- Gaels
- Scotti (western portion of Scotland, later they expanded for most part of the country) - a later people from late Classical antiquity and early Middle Ages, descendant from ancient North Ireland tribes (mostly from the Darini, Robogdii and Volunti/Uluti) that crossed the North Channel, they formed the kingdoms of Ulaid and Dál Riata.
Caledonia
- Picts (Picti) - They were a different people from the Britons, but may have shared common ancestry; If their language, Pictish language, was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic) or pre-Celtic. They lived as a tribal confederation in Caledonia (today's Northern Scotland); the Caledonian Forest (Caledonia Silva) was in their territory.
- Caledones/Caledonii (along the Great Glen)
- Carnonacae (western Highlands)
- Carini or Caereni (far western Highlands)
- Cateni (north and west of Sutherland) – they gave the county its Gaelic name Cataibh
- Cornovii/Cornavii (far northern mainland Scotland) (northernmost known Celtic tribe)
- Creones (Argyll)
- Decantae or Ducantae (eastern Ross and Black Isle)
- Epidii (Kintyre and neighboring islands)
- Lugi (southern Sutherland)
- Smertae (central Sutherland)
- Taexali/Taezali (Angus and Grampian)
- Vacomagi (in and around the Cairngorms)
- Venicones (Fife and south-west Tayside in Scotland)
- Tribe of unknown name in the Faroe Islands (may have been Picts)
- Tribe of unknown name in the Orkney Islands (may have been Picts)
- Tribe of unknown name in the Shetland Islands (may have been Picts)
- Gaels
- Scotti (western portion of Scotland, later they expanded for most part of the country) - a later people from late Classical antiquity and early Middle Ages, descendant from ancient North Ireland tribes (mostly from the Darini, Robogdii and Volunti/Uluti) that crossed the North Channel, they formed the kingdoms of Ulaid and Dál Riata.
Ireland (Hibernia)
According to Ptolemy's Geography (2nd century AD):
- Gaels
- Autini (Auteinoi)
- Brigantes (Britons? A tribe of the same name lived in northern Britannia or they could have been two different tribes that shared the same name)
- Cauci (Kaukoi) A tribe of a similar name (Chauci) lived in Northern Germany or they could have been two different tribes that shared similar names.
- Coriondi (or Koriondoi) A tribe of a similar name (Corionototae) lived in Northern Britannia.
- Darini (Darinoi)
- Eblani (Eblanioi)
- Erdini (Erdinoi)
- Gangani (Ganganoi) (Britons? A tribe of a similar name lived in western Britannia or they could have been two different tribes that shared similar names)
- Iverni (Iwernoi)
- Manapii (Manapioi) (Belgae? A tribe of similar name, the Menapii, lived in the coast of Belgica province or they could have been two different tribes that shared similar names)
- Nagnatae or Magnatae (Nagnatai or Magnatai)
- Robogdii (Rhobogdioi)
- Usdiae (Ousdiai)
- Uterni
- Velabri or Vellabori (Wellaboroi)
- Vennicnii (Wenniknioi)
- Volunti (Woluntioi) – identifiable with the Ulaidh/Uluti[24]
Iberian Peninsula (Hispania)
The Celts in the Iberian peninsula were traditionally thought of as living on the edge of the Celtic world of the La Tène culture that defined classical Iron Age Celts. Earlier migrations were Hallstatt in culture and later came La Tène influenced peoples. Celtic or (Indo-European) Pre-Celtic cultures and populations existed in great numbers and Iberia experienced one of the highest levels of Celtic settlement in all of Europe. They dwelt in northern, central and western regions of Iberian Peninsula, but also in several southern regions. The Roman province of Hispania included both Celtic speaking and non-Celtic speaking tribes. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.
Citerior Iberia (Hispania Citerior)
Hispania Citerior ("Nearer Hispania", "Hispania that is Closer", from the perspective of the Romans), was a region of Hispania during the Roman Republic, roughly occupying the northeastern coast and the Iberus (Ebro) Valley and later the eastern, central, northern and northwestern areas of the Iberian peninsula in what would become the Tarraconensis Roman province (of what is now Spain and northern Portugal).
Tarraconensis
- Hispano-Celts/Celts of Hispania - They lived in large parts of the Iberian Peninsula, in the Northern, Central and Western regions (more than half of the peninsula's territory).
- Celtiberians (Eastern Hispano-Celts/Celts of Eastern Hispania) – Eastern Iberian meseta (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the rivers Douro, Tagus, Guadiana (Anas), Júcar, Jalón, Jiloca and Turia, (tribal confederation). Mixed Celtic and Iberian tribes or Celtic tribes influenced by Iberians. Not synonymous of all the Celts that lived in the Iberian Peninsula but to a narrower group, the majority of Celtic tribes in the Iberian Peninsula were not Celtiberians. They spoke Celtiberian (a Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type).
- Arevaci
- Belli
- Cratistii
- Lobetani
- Lusones – Western Zaragoza (province), Eastern Guadalajara (Spain).
- Olcades
- Pellendones/Cerindones, in high Duero river course (Numantia) and neighboring mountains, may also have been related to the Pelendi/Belendi that dwelt in the middle of the river Sigmatis, today's Leyre.
- Titii (Celtiberian)
- Turboletae/Turboleti
- Uraci/Duraci
- Western Hispano-Celts/Celts of Western Hispania - They spoke Gallaecian (a Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type).
- Allotriges/Autrigones – East Burgos (Spain), Northwestern La Rioja (Spain) to the Atlantic Coast
- Astures – Asturias and northern León (Spain), and east of Trás os Montes (Portugal), (tribal confederation).
- Cismontani
- Amaci
- Cabruagenigi
- Gigurri
- Lancienses
- Lougei
- Orniaci
- Superatii
- Susarri/Astures Proper
- Tiburi
- Zoelae – Eastern Trás-os-Montes (Portugal), (Miranda do Douro).
- Transmontani
- Baedunienses
- Brigaentini
- Cabarci
- Iburri
- Luggones/Lungones
- Paenii
- Paesici
- Saelini
- Vinciani
- Viromenici. Might be related to the Viromandui.
- Cismontani
- Bebryaces/Berybraces – unknown location, may have been related to the Bebryces (gauls) or the Berones, there is also the possibility that it was an old name of the Celtiberians.
- Cantabri – Cantabria, part of Asturias and part of Castile-Leon (Spain); some consider them not Celtic, may have been Pre-Celtic Indo-European as could have been the Lusitani and Vettones [2]. If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). A Tribal confederation.
- Caristii/Carietes – today's West Basque Country, they may have been Celtic (see Late Basquisation), they were later assimilated by the Vascones in the 6th and 7th centuries CE; Some consider them not Celtic, may have been a Pre-Celtic Indo-European people as the Lusitani and Vettones could have been. [3]. If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic).
- Carpetani – Central Iberian meseta (Spain), in the geographical centre of the Iberian Peninsula, in a large part of today's Castilla-La Mancha and Madrid regions. A tribal confederation with 27 identified tribes.[25]
- Aelariques
- Aeturiques
- Arquioci - in Iplacea, Roman named Complutum (today's Alcalá de Henares) region.
- Acualiques
- Bocouriques - "Bojourques". [citation needed]
- Canbarici - in Toletum (Toledo) region.
- Contucianci - in Segobriga region.
- Dagencii
- Doviliques
- Duitiques
- Duniques
- Elguismiques
- Langioci
- Longeidoci
- Maganiques
- Malugeniques
- Manuciques
- Maureici
- Mesici
- Metturici
- Moenicci
- Obisodiques - in Toletum (Toledo) region
- Pilonicori
- Solici
- Tirtaliques - in Segobriga region.
- Uloques
- Venatioques
- Gallaecians or Callaici – Gallaecia (Spain & Portugal). Western Hispano-Celts largest tribal confederation.
- Addovi/Iadovi
- Aebocosi
- Albiones/Albioni – western Asturias (Spain).
- Amphiloci
- Aobrigenses
- Arroni/Arrotrebi
- Arrotrebae/Artabri – Northern Galicia (Spain), They might be related to the Atrebates of Gallia Belgica.
- Aunonenses
- Baedi
- Banienses – around Baião Municipality, Eastern Porto District, (Portugal).
- Biballi
- Bracari/Callaeci/Gallaeci Proper – Southeastern Braga District, Braga, Western Porto District, Oporto, (Portugal).
- Brigantes (Callaici tribe) – Northern Bragança District, Bragança, (Portugal).
- Caladuni
- Capori
- Celtici Praestamarici
- Celtici Supertamarici
- Cibarci
- Cileni
- Coelerni/Aquaflavienses – Braga District, Vila Real District (Chaves), (Portugal) and Ourense (Spain).
- Egi
- Egovarri
- Equaesi – Minho and Trás-os-Montes (Portugal).
- Grovii – Minho (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain).
- Iadones
- Interamici/Interamnici – Trás-os-Montes (Portugal).
- Lapatianci
- Lemavi
- Leuni – Minho (Portugal).
- Limici – Lima river banks, Minho (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain).
- Louguei
- Luanqui – Trás-os-Montes (Portugal).
- Naebisoci/Aebisoci
- Namarii
- Namarini
- Narbasi -Minho (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain).
- Nemetati – Minho (Portugal).
- Nerii
- Poemani, they might be related to the Paemani.
- Quaquerni/Querquerni – Minho (Portugal).
- Seurbi – Minho (Portugal).
- Seurri – Sarria Municipality, East Central Galicia (Spain)
- Tamagani – Chaves (Portugal).
- Turduli – Estremadura and Beira Litoral (Portugal).
- Turodi – Trás-os-Montes (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain).
- Varri
- Mantesani/Mentesani/Mantasani – La Mancha Plateau, Castilla-La Mancha (Spain); were a different people from the Oretani.
- Plentauri – Northwestern La Rioja (Spain).
- Turmodigi or Turmogi - Central Burgos.
- Vaccaei – North Central Iberian meseta (Spain), middle Duero river basin. A tribal confederation. Ptolemy mentions 20 vaccaean Civitates (that also had the meaning of tribes)[26]
- Cauci (Vaccaei) – in Cauca (Coca, Segovia)
- Varduli – today's East Basque Country, they may have been Celtic (see Late Basquisation), they were later assimilated by the Vascones in the 6th and 7th centuries CE; Some consider them not Celtic, may have been a Pre-Celtic Indo-European people as the Lusitani and Vettones could have been. If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). [4].
- Celtiberians (Eastern Hispano-Celts/Celts of Eastern Hispania) – Eastern Iberian meseta (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the rivers Douro, Tagus, Guadiana (Anas), Júcar, Jalón, Jiloca and Turia, (tribal confederation). Mixed Celtic and Iberian tribes or Celtic tribes influenced by Iberians. Not synonymous of all the Celts that lived in the Iberian Peninsula but to a narrower group, the majority of Celtic tribes in the Iberian Peninsula were not Celtiberians. They spoke Celtiberian (a Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type).
- Belgae? - They spoke Ancient Belgian language.
- Berones – La Rioja (Spain). Could have been related to the Eburones.
- Oretani? – northeastern Andalusia, northwest Múrcia and southern fringes of La Mancha, (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the Guadalquivir (ancient river Baetis); Some consider them not Celtic [5] (see Germani (Oretania)).
- Suessetani - Far North Western Aragon and Far South Eastern Navarra (Spain), between the rivers Gallicus (Gállego) and Low Aragon, and between the river Ebro and Sierra de Santo Domingo mountains. Alba (Arba) river basin (a tributary of the Ebro) was in the centre of their territory that also included the Bardenas Reales. Corbio was their capital. They were North of the Celtiberians, South of the Iacetani and the Vascones, West of the Galli (tribe). They were later conquered by the Vascones in the 2nd Century B.C. that were allies of the Romans. Could have been related to the Suessiones (a tribe of the Belgae).[23]
- Volcae
- Volciani – may have been a tribe related to the Volcae and not to the Hispano-Celts/Iberian Celts (i.e. the Celts of the Iberian Peninsula). Located north of the river Iberus (Ebro), but not very precisely.
- Gauls (Galli) – Some gaulish tribes may have migrated towards south and crossed the Pyrenees (by the north, the central or the south areas of the mountains) in a second or a third Celtic wave to the Iberian Peninsula. These tribes were different from the Hispano-Celtic/Iberian Celtic tribes. They spoke Gaulish (a Continental Celtic language of the P Celtic type).
- Galli (tribe) – along Gallicus (Gállego) river banks, see place names (toponyms) like Forum Gallorum, Gallur, a different tribe from the Suessetani; may have been a tribe related to the Galli (Gauls) and not to the Hispano-Celts/Iberian Celts.
Ulterior Iberia (Hispania Ulterior)
Hispania Ulterior ("Further Hispania", "Hispania that is Beyond", from the perspective of the Romans) was a region of Hispania during the Roman Republic, roughly located in what would become the provinces of Baetica (that included the Baetis, Guadalquivir, valley of modern Spain) and extending to all of Lusitania (modern south and central Portugal, Extremadura and a small part of Salamanca province).
Baetica
- Hispano-Celts/Celts of Hispania - They lived in large parts of the Iberian Peninsula, in the Northern, Central and Western regions (more than half of the peninsula's territory).
- Western Hispano-Celts/Celts of Western Hispania - They spoke Gallaecian (a Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type).
- Celtici of Arunda (Ronda) – in south Turdetania, later Baetica Roman province, (in today's western Málaga Province), Andalucia region (southernmost known Celtic tribe).
- Turduli – Guadiana valley (Portugal) and Extremadura (Spain); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani.
- Turduli Baetici/Turduli Baetures - Baeturia/Baeturia Turdulorum (ancient northern region of Baetica Province), south and east of the river Anas (Guadiana) and northern slope of Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), Southern Extremadura region, Badajoz Province, Portugal Southeastern corner, East Beja District, Alentejo region.
- Western Hispano-Celts/Celts of Western Hispania - They spoke Gallaecian (a Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type).
- Turdetanians – Today's Western Andalucia (Hispania Baetica), Baetis (Guadalquivir) river valley and basin, Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), some consider them Celtic.,[27] may have been Pre-Celtic Indo-European people as the Lusitani and Vettones. If their language, called Turdetanian or Tartessian, was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). Also may have been a non-Indo-European people related to the Iberians, but not the same people. A tribal confederation but with a much more centralized power, may have formed an early form of Kingdom or a Proto-civilisation (see Tartessos)
- Cilbiceni – approximately in today's Cádiz Province
- Elbisini/Eloesti/Olbisini – in today's Huelva Province
- Etmanei – in the middle area of Baetis (Guadalquivir) river course and surrounding region, approximately in today's Córdoba Province
- Gletes/Galetes/Ileates – in Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), approximately in today's northern areas of the provinces of Huelva, Seville and Córdoba
- Turdetani/Tartessii Proper – in the low course of 'the river 'Baetis (Guadalquivir) and surrounding region, approximately in today's Seville Province
Lusitania
- Hispano-Celts/Celts of Hispania - They lived in large parts of the Iberian Peninsula, in the Northern, Central and Western regions (more than half of the peninsula's territory).
- Western Hispano-Celts/Celts of Western Hispania - They spoke Gallaecian (a Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type).
- Celtici – Portugal south of the Tagus and north of Guadiana (Anas), Alentejo and Algarve (Portugal), western Extremadura (Spain), (tribal confederation).
- Cempsi
- Conii – according to some scholars, Conii and Cynetes were two different peoples or tribes and the names were not two different names of the same people or tribe; in this case, the Conii may have dwelt along the northern banks of the middle Anas (Guadiana) river, in today's western Extremadura region of Spain, and were a Celtici tribe wrongly confused with the Cynetes of Cyneticum (Algarve) that dwelt from the west banks of the Low river Anas (Guadiana) further to the south (the celticization of the Cynetes by the Celtici confused the distinction between the two peoples or tribes).[28]
- Mirobrigenses
- Sefes/Saefes
- Cynetes – Cyneticum (today's Algarve region) and Low Alentejo (Portugal); originally probably Tartessians or similar, later celtized by the Celtici; according to some scholars, Cynetes and Conii were two different peoples or tribes[28] [6].
- Turduli – Guadiana valley (Portugal) and Extremadura (Spain); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani.
- Turduli Bardili – Setubal Peninsula (Portugal); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani.
- Turduli Oppidani – Estremadura and Beira Litoral (Portugal); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani.
- Turduli Veteres – Southern Douro banks, between Douro and Vouga River, Aveiro District, (Portugal); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani.
- Celtici – Portugal south of the Tagus and north of Guadiana (Anas), Alentejo and Algarve (Portugal), western Extremadura (Spain), (tribal confederation).
- Western Hispano-Celts/Celts of Western Hispania - They spoke Gallaecian (a Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type).
- Lusitanians-Vettones
- Lusitanians (Lusitani/Bellitani) – Portugal south of the Douro and north of the Tagus, and northwestern Extremadura (Spain). They spoke Lusitanian that is a clearly Indo-European language but the filiation as a Celtic language is not surely proven (although many tribal names and place names, toponyms, are Celtic). Attempts to classify the language have also pointed at an Italic origin.[29] Hence Lusitanian language may have been a Para-Celtic Indo-European branch like Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). The Lusitanians have also been identified as being a pre-Celtic Indo-European speaking culture of the Iberian Peninsula closely related to the neighbouring Vettones tribal confederation.[28] However, under their controversial theory of Celtic originating in Iberia, John T Koch and Barry Cunliffe have proposed a para-Celtic identity for the Lusitanian language and culture or that they spoke an archaic Proto-Celtic language and were Proto-Celtic in ethnicity.
- Arabrigenses
- Aravi
- Coelarni/Colarni
- Interamnienses
- Lancienses
- Meidubrigenses
- Paesuri – Douro and Vouga (Portugal).
- Palanti
- Tangi
- Elbocori
- Igaeditani
- Tapori/Tapoli – river Tagus, around the border area of Portugal and Spain.
- Talures
- Veaminicori
- Other Lusitanian tribes? (According to some scholars, these tribes were Lusitanians and not Vettones)[28]
- Vettones – Ávila and Salamanca (Spain), may have been a Pre-Celtic Indo-European people, closely related to the Lusitani. If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). A tribal confederation.
- Bletonesii – Bletisama (today's Ledesma) was their main centre, Salamanca Province, Spain.
- Other Vettonian tribes? (According to some scholars, these tribes were Lusitanians and not Vettones)[28]
- Lusitanians (Lusitani/Bellitani) – Portugal south of the Douro and north of the Tagus, and northwestern Extremadura (Spain). They spoke Lusitanian that is a clearly Indo-European language but the filiation as a Celtic language is not surely proven (although many tribal names and place names, toponyms, are Celtic). Attempts to classify the language have also pointed at an Italic origin.[29] Hence Lusitanian language may have been a Para-Celtic Indo-European branch like Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). The Lusitanians have also been identified as being a pre-Celtic Indo-European speaking culture of the Iberian Peninsula closely related to the neighbouring Vettones tribal confederation.[28] However, under their controversial theory of Celtic originating in Iberia, John T Koch and Barry Cunliffe have proposed a para-Celtic identity for the Lusitanian language and culture or that they spoke an archaic Proto-Celtic language and were Proto-Celtic in ethnicity.
Middle and Low Danube
Dacia
Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.
- Eastern Celts[1]
- Anartes/Anartii/Anartoi - Celts assimilated by Dacians[2] Areas of modern Slovakia and modern Northern Hungary, north of the river Tysia/Tibiscus (Tisza), north of the Teuriscii.
- Bastarnae,[30][31] a Celto-Germanic people, and according to Livy "the bravest nation on earth"
- Boii – a tribal confederation, originally from today's Southern France who migrated to Hercynia Silva under Segovesus, and dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe, to areas of modern Slovakia, Germany, Austria, Hungary.[3][4]
- Eravisci[32]
- Teuriscii - A branch of the Celtic Taurisci (originally from Noricum) in the Tysia/Tibiscus (Tisza) river basin south of the Anartes/Anartii/Anartoi. Celts assimilated by Dacians[2]
Illyricum
Pannonia
- Eastern Celts[1]
- Arabiates - areas of modern Western Hungary and eastern Austria, west of the river Danubius (Danube).
- Belgites - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube).
- Boii – a tribal confederation, originally from today's Southern France who migrated to Hercynia Silva under Segovesus, and dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe, to areas of modern Slovakia, Germany, Austria, Poland and Hungary.[3][4]
- Pannonian Boii - in Pannonia, today's Western Hungary.
- Carni – Carnic Alps, South Austria (Carinthia/Kärnten), Western Slovenia (Carniola/Kranjska) and Northern Friuli/Friûl (Carnia). A tribe related to the Carnutes.
- Cornacates - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of river Danubius (Danube).
- Cotini – areas of modern Slovakia and Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube).
- Eravisci/Aravisci – areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube), Aquincum (modern Budapest) was in their territory.
- Hercuniates/Hercuniatae - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube).
- Latobici/Latovici - not the same tribe as the Latobrigi but could be related, areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube).
- Scordisci – areas of modern Serbia, Croatia, Austria, Romania, west of the river Danubius (Danube). According to Livy, they were related to the Germanic Bastarnae.
- Serrapilli - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube).
- Serretes - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube).
- Varciani – areas of modern Slovenia, Croatia.
- Veneti? (Transitional people between Celts and Italics? Celticized Italic people? Para-Celtic people?)
- Carni – Carnic Alps, South Austria (Carinthia/Kärnten), Western Slovenia (Carniola/Kranjska) and Northern Friuli/Friûl (Carnia/Cjargna). A tribe related to the Carnutes? Also may have been a Venetic tribe (the Veneti were a transitional people between Celts and Italics or a Celticized Italic people).
- Catari
Illyria
Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.
This list includes tribes parts of which migrated to Illyria.
- Eastern Celts[1]
- Arabiates[33]
- Belgites[34]
- Boii[35]
- Breuci[36]
- Carni – Carnic Alps, South Austria (Carinthia/Kärnten), Western Slovenia (Carniola/Kranjska) and Northern Friuli/Friûl (Carnia/Cjargna). A tribe related to the Carnutes? Also may have been a Venetic tribe (the Veneti were a transitional people between Celts and Italics or a Celticized Italic people).
- Cornacates[37]
- Hercuniates[38]
- Iapodes/Japodes[39][40]
- Latobici,[42]
- Scordisci[43]
- Serapilli/Serrapilli [citation needed]
- Serretes[46]
- Tricornenses[47]
- Varciani[42]
- Veneti? (Transitional people between Celts and Italics? Celticized Italic people? Para-Celtic people?)
Moesia
Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.
Thrace (Thracia)
Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.
Anatolia (Asia Minor)
In the 3rd century BC, Gauls immigrated from Thrace into the highlands of central Anatolia (modern Turkey), that was called Galatia after that. These people, called Galatians, were eventually Hellenized,[51][52] but retained many of their own traditions. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.
Bithynia
- Galatians - They spoke Galatian (a Gaulish dialect).
- Territory of Gaezatorix,[53] between Bithynia and Galatia at modern Bolu (unknown tribe)
Galatia
- Galatians - They spoke Galatian (a Gaulish dialect).
- Tectosages,[53] in Galatia
- Tolistobogii,[53] in Galatia
- Trocmii,[53] in Galatia (easternmost known Celtic tribe)
Mysia
Phrygia
- Galatians - They spoke Galatian (a Gaulish dialect).
- Arii[citation needed][disambiguation needed] linked to "Aryan" of historical Asia Minor?
- Inovanteni,[53] east of the Trocnades
- Okondiani,[53] between Phrygia and Galatia northeast of modern Akşehir Gölü
- Trocnades,[53] in Phrygia around modern Sivrihisar
Unlocated
See also
- The summary table on Celtic tribes Template:Fr
- Celtic peoples
- Irish clans
- Scottish clan
- Celticization
- Late Basquisation
- Illyrians
- Thracians
- Britannia
- Caledonia
- Hibernia
- Scotia
- Hispania
- List of Germanic peoples
- Iberia
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Mallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5
- ^ a b c Ioana A. Oltean, Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization, ISBN 0-415-41252-8, 2007, p. 47.
- ^ a b c d Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia (illustrated ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 224–225. ISBN 1-85109-440-7. ,.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ a b c d "Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 5, chapter 34". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
- ^ The Osi's categorization as Celtic is disputed; see Osi; also may have been a Dacian or Germanic tribe.
- ^ Géza Alföldy, Noricum, Tome 3 of History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire, 1974, p. 24-5.
- ^ Cowles Prichard, James (1841). Researches Into the Physical History of Mankind: 3, Volume 1. Sherwood, Gilbert and Piper. p. 240.
- ^ Baldi, Philip (2002). The Foundations of Latin. Walter de Gruyter. p. 112. ISBN 978-3-11-080711-0.
- ^ Kruta, Venceslas, ed. (1991). The Celts. Thames and Hudson. p. 54. ISBN 978-0500015247.
- ^ Kruta, Venceslas, ed. (1991). The Celts. Thames and Hudson. p. 55. ISBN 978-0500015247.
- ^ (Liv. v. 35; Plin. iii. 17. s. 21.)
- ^ Percivaldi, Elena (2003). I Celti: una civiltà europea. Giunti Editore. p. 82.
- ^ Leonelli, Valentina. La necropoli delle Acciaierie di Terni: contributi per una edizione critica (Cestres ed.). p. 33.
- ^ Farinacci, Manlio. Carsulae svelata e Terni sotterranea. Associazione Culturale UMRU - Terni.
- ^ von Hefner, Joseph (1837). Geographie des Transalpinischen Galliens. Munich.
- ^ Venceslas Kruta: La grande storia dei celti. La nascita, l'affermazione e la decadenza, Newton & Compton, 2003, ISBN 88-8289-851-2, ISBN 978-88-8289-851-9
- ^ Long, George (1866). Decline of the Roman republic: Volume 2. London.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Snith, William George (1854). Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography: Vol.1. Boston.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Titus, Livius. Ab Urbe Condita. p. 5,34.
- ^ Plutarch, Marcellus, chapters 6-7 [1]
- ^ Markey, Thomas (2008). Shared Symbolics, Genre Diffusion, Token Perception and Late Literacy in North-Western Europe. NOWELE.
- ^ a b Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia (illustrated ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 198–200. ISBN 1-85109-440-7. ,.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ a b Mountain, Harry. (1997). The Celtic Encyclopedia p.225 ISBN 1-58112-890-8 (v. 1)
- ^ The Encyclopedia of Ireland, B. Lalor and F. McCourt editors, © 2003 New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 1089 ISBN 0-300-09442-6, noting that Ulaidh was the original tribal designation of the Uluti, who are identifiable as the Voluntii of the Ptolomey map and who occupied, at start, all of the historic province of Ulster.
- ^ http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1404299
- ^ Ptolemy, Geographia, II, 5, 6
- ^ Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia (illustrated ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 198–200. ISBN 1-85109-440-7, ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0. ^ Jump up to: a b Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia (illustrated ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 224–225. ISBN 1-85109-440-7, ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0.
- ^ a b c d e Jorge de Alarcão, “Novas perspectivas sobre os Lusitanos (e outros mundos)”, in Revista portuguesa de Arqueologia, vol. IV, n° 2, 2001, p. 312 e segs.
- ^ Indoeuropeos y no Indoeuropeos en la Hispania Prerromana, Salamanca: Universidad, 2000
- ^ Adrian Goldsworthy, How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower, ISBN 0-300-13719-2, 2009, p. 105: "... who had moved to the Hungarian Plain. Another tribe, the Bastarnae, may or may not have been Germanic. ..."
- ^ Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms), ISBN 1-84176-329-2, 2001, p. 12: "... never got near the main body of Roman infantry. The Bastarnae (either Celts or Germans, and `the bravest nation on earth' – Livy ..."
- ^ Ion Grumeza, Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe, ISBN 0-7618-4465-1, 2009, p. 51: "In a short time the Dacians imposed their conditions on the Anerati, Boii, Eravisci, Pannoni, Scordisci,"
- ^ Andrea Faber, Körpergräber des 1.-3. Jahrhunderts in der römischen Welt: internationales Kolloquium, Frankfurt am Main, 19.-20. November 2004, ISBN 3-88270-501-9, p. 144.
- ^ Géza Alföldy, Noricum, Tome 3 of History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire, 1974, p. 69.
- ^ A. Mocsy and S. Frere, Pannonia and Upper Moesia. A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire. p. 14.
- ^ Pannonia. A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire. p. 14.
- ^ Velika Dautova-Ruševljan and Miroslav Vujović, Rimska vojska u Sremu, 2006, p. 131: "extended as far as Ruma whence continued the territory of another community named after the Celtic tribe of Cornacates"
- ^ John T. Koch, Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia, ISBN 1-85109-440-7, 2006, p. 907.
- ^ Charles Anthon, A Classical Dictionary: Containing The Principal Proper Names Mentioned In Ancient Authors, Part One, 2005, p. 539: "... Tor, " elevated," " a mountain. (Strabo, 293)"; "the Iapodes (Strabo, 313), a Gallo-Illyrian race occupying the valleys of ..."
- ^ J. J. Wilkes, The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 79: "along with the evidence of name formulae, a Venetic element among the Japodes. A group of names identified by Alföldy as of Celtic origin: Ammida, Andes, Iaritus, Matera, Maxa,"
- ^ J. J. Wilkes, Dalmatia, Tome 2 of History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire, 1969, pp. 154 and 482.
- ^ a b J. J. Wilkes, The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 81: "In Roman Pannonia the Latobici and Varciani who dwelt east of the Venetic Catari in the upper Sava valley were Celtic but the Colapiani of ..."
- ^ a b J. J. Wilkes, The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 140: "... Autariatae at the expense of the Triballi until, as Strabo remarks, they in their turn were overcome by the Celtic Scordisci in the early third century"
- ^ a b J. J. Wilkes, The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 217.
- ^ Population and economy of the eastern part of the Roman province of Dalmatia, 2002, ISBN 1-84171-440-2, p. 24: "the Dindari were a branch of the Scordisci"
- ^ Dubravka Balen-Letunič, 40 godina arheoloških istraživanja u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj, 1986, p. 52: "and the Celtic Serretes"
- ^ Alan Bowman, Edward Champlin, and Andrew Lintott, The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 10: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC-AD 69, 1996, p. 580: "... 580 I3h. DANUBIAN AND BALKAN PROVINCES Tricornenses of Tricornium (Ritopek) replaced the Celegeri, the Picensii of Pincum ..."
- ^ John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC, ISBN 0-521-22717-8, 1992, p. 600: "In the place of the vanished Treres and Tilataei we find the Serdi for whom there is no evidence before the first century BC. It has for long been supposed on convincing linguistic and archeological grounds that this tribe was of Celtic origin"
- ^ Dio Cassius, Earnest Cary, and Herbert B. Foster, Dio Cassius: Roman History, Vol. IX, Books 71–80 (Loeb Classical Library, No. 177), 1927, Index: "... 9, 337, 353 Seras, philosopher, condemned to death, 8. 361 Serdi, Thracian tribe defeated by M. Crassus, 6. 73 Seretium,""
- ^ Frank W. Walbank, Polybius, Rome and the Hellenistic World: Essays and Reflections, ISBN 0-521-81208-9, 2002, p. 116: "... in A7P 60 (1939) 452 8, is not Antigonus Doson but barbarians from the mainland (either Thracians or Gauls from Tylis) (cf. Rostovizef and Welles (1940) 207-8, Rostovizef (1941) 111, 1645), nor has that inscription anything to do with the Cavan expedition. On ..."
- ^ William M. Ramsay, Historical Commentary on Galatians, 1997, p. 302: "... these adaptable Celts were Hellenized early. The term Gallograecia, compared with Themistius' (p. 360) Γαλατία ..."
- ^ Roger D. Woodard, The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor, 2008, p. 72: "... The Phrygian elite (like the Galatian) was quickly Hellenized linguistically; the Phrygian tongue was devalued and found refuge only ..."
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Prifysgol Cymru, University of Wales, A Detailed Map of Celtic Settlements in Galatia, Celtic Names and La Tène Material in Anatolia, the Eastern Balkans, and the Pontic Steppes.
References
- Alberro, Manuel and Arnold, Bettina (eds.), e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies, Volume 6: The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Center for Celtic Studies, 2005.
- Haywood, John. (2001). Atlas of the Celtic World. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0500051097 ISBN 978-0500051092
- Kruta, Venceslas. (2000). Les Celtes, Histoire et Dictionnaire. Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont, coll. « Bouquins ». ISBN 2-7028-6261-6.
- Mallory, J.P. and Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5.
External links
- http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/home.html – 51 complete works of authors from Classical Antiquity (Greek and Roman).
- http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Caesar/Gallic_War/home.html – Julius Caesar text of De Bello Gallico (Gallic War).
- http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Caesar/Spanish_War/home.html – Unknown author text (about Julius Caesar in Hispania) of De Bello Hispaniensi (Spanish War).
- http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/home.html – Pliny the Elder text of Naturalis Historia (Natural History) – books 3–6 (Geography and Ethnography).
- http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/home.html – Strabo's text of De Geographica (The Geography).