Mary Kay

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For the Greek landscape photographer, see Mary Kay (landscape photographer).
Mary Kay Inc.
Company typePrivately held company
IndustryCosmetics and personal care products
FoundedSeptember 13, 1963; 60 years ago (1963-09-13)
Dallas, Texas, U.S.
HeadquartersAddison, Texas, U.S.
Key people
Mary Kay Ash, Founder
Richard R. Rogers, Executive Chairman
David Holl, CEO
ProductsCosmetics, sunscreen
RevenueUS$3.7 Billion in 2015[1]
Number of employees
Staff 5,000
Salespeople 3.5 million worldwide (2015)[2]
Websitewww.marykay.com

Mary Kay Inc. is an American privately owned multi-level marketing[3] company that sells cosmetics products. According to Direct Selling News, Mary Kay was the sixth largest multi-level marketing company in the world in 2015, with a wholesale volume of US$3.7 billion.[1]

Mary Kay is based in Addison, Texas, outside Dallas. The company was founded by Mary Kay Ash in 1963. Richard Rogers, Mary Kay's son, is the chairman, and David Holl is president and was named CEO in 2006.[4][5][6]

Business model

Mary Kay corporate headquarters in Addison, Texas

Mary Kay sells cosmetics through a multi-level marketing model. Mary Kay distributors (called beauty consultants) can potentially make income by directly selling to people in their community, and also receive a commission on wholesale purchases made by people they recruit into the distribution network. Mary Kay distributors must purchase a $100 starter kit in order to qualify.[7]

As a private company, Mary Kay releases few details about the average income of its sellers.[7] In 2005, Mary Kay reported that its wholesale worldwide sales exceeded US$2.2 billion.[8] In 2010, worldwide wholesale figures were reported at US$2.5 billion.[4] In 2015, worldwide wholesale figures were reported at US$3.7 billion.[1] None of these figures take into account product returns.

The table below shows the company's reported sales figures in more detail.

Mary Kay Sales Figures
Year Wholesale Volume Consultants Directors National Directors Wholesale volume / Consultants
1963 $198,154[9] 318[9] 0 0 $623.13
1973 unknown 21,069[10] 450(?) 2(?) unknown
1983 $300,000,000[10] 195,000[10] unknown unknown $1,538.46
1989 $400,000,000 200,000 unknown unknown $2,000.00
1991 $511,000,000[11] 220,000[11] unknown unknown $2,322.73
1992 $500,000,000[12] 250,000[12] unknown unknown $2,000.00
1993 $735,000,000[10] 325,000[10] unknown unknown $2,261.00
1994 $850,000,000[13] unknown unknown unknown unknown
1995 $950,000,000[13] unknown unknown unknown unknown
1995 Russia $25,000,000[14] unknown unknown unknown unknown
1996 $1,000,000,000[13] unknown unknown unknown unknown
1997 People's Republic of China $12,000,000[15] 15,000 unknown unknown $800.00
1998 People's Republic of China $7,200,000[15] unknown unknown unknown unknown
2001 USA Unknown 500,000[16] unknown unknown unknown
2002 $1,600,000,000 850,000 19,000[17] more than 300[17] $1,882.35
2002 USA unknown unknown 13,000[17] unknown unknown
2002 People's Republic of China $120,000,000[15] 120,000[15] unknown unknown $100.00
2003 $1,800,000,000 1,100,000 18,500[18] More than 100[18] $1,636.36
2004 $1,960,000,000[19] 1,300,000[20] 27,000[8] 410[20] $1,507.69
2004 USA unknown unknown unknown 210[20] unknown
2004 Canada $125,000,000[21] 29,357[22] 661[22] 16[22] $4,257.93
2004 United Kingdom $7,700,000[23] 3,500[18] More than 70[18] 0[18] $2,200.00
2005 $2,200,000,000[8] 1,600,000[8] 31,000[8] 500[8] $1,375.00
2005 People's Republic of China $300,000,000[24] 400,000[24] unknown unknown $750.00
2005 USA $1,300,000,000[24] 715,000[24] unknown unknown $1,818.18
2005 Canada unknown 32,820[25] 673[25] 17[25] unknown
2005 Argentina unknown 20,000[26] 500[26] 8[26] unknown
2005 Mexico unknown 175,000[27] unknown unknown unknown
2005 United Kingdom unknown 5,000[28] 140[28] 2[28] unknown
2006 Worldwide $2,250,000,000[29] 1,700,000 +[29] unknown about 500[30] $1,323.53
2006 Canada CAD 62,000,000[31] 34,272[25] 724[25] 18[25] CAD $1,809
2006 USA unknown unknown 14,000+[30] unknown unknown
2006 UK unknown 5000[28] 140[28] 2[28] unknown
2007 Canada unknown 31891[32] 659[25] 25[25] unknown
2007 USA unknown 700,000 14,000[33] 215[34] unknown
2007 Worldwide $2,400,000,000[34][34] 1,700,000[34] unknown unknown $1,411.76
2008 Canada unknown 30,679[35] 608[35] 24[35] unknown
2008 USA unknown 600,000[36] 13,000[36] unknown unknown
2008 Worldwide $2,600,000,000[37] 1,800,000[37] 34,000[37] 500[37] $1,444.44
2009 Worldwide $2,500,000,000[38] 2,000,000[38] 37,000[38] 600[38] $1,250.00
2009 China $600,000,000[39] 200,000[39] unknown unknown $3,000
2010 Worldwide US$2,500,000,000[4] 2,000,000[4] unknown 600[4] US$1,250
2010 Australia A$25,000,000[40] 10,000 unknown unknown A$2,500
2010 Canada unknown 29573[41] unknown 24[41] revenue / consultants
2015 Worldwide $3,700,000,000[1] 3,500,000[2] 39,000[2] 600[2] $1,057.14
Year Wholesale Volume Consultants Directors National Directors revenue / consultants

Note: Unless otherwise stated, dollar amounts are in United States Currency, which has not been adjusted for inflation;

Manufacturing plants

The primary manufacturing plant is in Dallas, Texas.

A second plant was opened in Hangzhou, China, to manufacture and package products for that market. A third plant was opened in 1997, in (La Chaux-de-Fonds) Switzerland, for the European market. The Swiss plant closed in 2003.

Cars

In 1968, Mary Kay Ash purchased the first pink Cadillac from a Dallas dealership, where it was repainted on site to match the "Mountain Laurel Blush" in a compact Ash carried. The Cadillac served as a mobile advertisement for the business. The following year, Ash rewarded the company's top five salespeople with similarly painted 1970 Coupe de Ville cars. GM has painted over 100,000 custom cars for Mary Kay. The specific shade has varied over the years from bubble-gum to near-white pearlescent effects. GM had an exclusive agreement to sell cars of the specific shade only through Mary Kay. The cars are offered to distributors as two-year leases, and distributors who choose to buy the cars are only allowed to resell them to authorized dealers. After the lease expires, the cars are repainted before being resold.[42]

Mary Kay has different incentive levels for its consultants. Independent Beauty Consultants can earn the use of a white Chevy Cruze, in August 2014 introduced the limited edition Lipstick Red color option also for limited time, or cash compensation of $375 a month. Independent Sales Directors can choose a black Ford Fusion, Chevy Equinox, or $500 a month. Top Independent Sales Directors can choose between the pink Cadillac CTS, or cash option of $900 a month.[43]

The specific qualifications for earning the car depend upon the country, and vehicle that is desired. If those qualifications are not met, then the distributor has to pay for a portion of the lease of the car for that month. Meeting the qualifications entitles the distributor to pay no monthly lease and 85% of the car insurance, or a pre-determined cash compensation award.[44]

In 2011, a solid black Ford Mustang was introduced as a possible incentive. In 2014, a black BMW was introduced in its place, although the pink Cadillac remains the top reward for those distributors whose units purchase over $100,000 or more in a year. There is no tracking by the company of actual sales.[45]

Earnings for salespeople

There are two ways for consultants to earn money in Mary Kay:

  • Recruiting
  • Retail sales

Recruiting commission earnings

"Recruiting commission earnings" reflects the commission and bonuses of 4, 9 or 13% that one earns from the wholesale purchases of their team or unit. These bonuses come straight from Mary Kay corporate and not from said consultants team or units pockets. It does not include income from retail sales nor does it include income from the Mary Kay tools business.

In February 2010 Mary Kay (Canada) claimed the following incomes for its salesforce:[46]

  • 29,675 people were consultants during the year;
  • 1,878 consultants earned more than CAD 100 in commission;
  • 276 of the 553 sales directors earned more than CAD 17,471 in commission;
  • 15 of the 23 national directors earned more than CAD 100,000 in commission;

For Mary Kay (USA) National Directors, the 2006 median gross income (prior to business expenses) was $175,443.[47]

Retail sales earnings

Mary Kay consultants earn a 50% gross profit on products sold at full retail price. The quoted figure of US$1,057.14 per year (2015) for the average consultant was derived by dividing the annual wholesale sales by Mary Kay Inc., by the number of Mary Kay consultants. This figure does not take into account product returns, eBay, auctions, sales at a discount, and purchases by "personal use consultants" which would lower this figure.[citation needed]

Consultant turnover rate

A 68.6% per annum turnover figure has been calculated based upon information supplied by Mary Kay (USA) to the Federal Trade Commission.[48]

An 85% per annum turnover figure has been calculated, based upon the data supplied by Mary Kay (Canada).[49] That document excludes individuals who earn a commission and are in the company for less than one year. It also excludes individuals who are in the company for more than one year but do not earn a commission check.

Court cases

Woolf v. Mary Kay Cosmetics

The 2004 court case Woolf v. Mary Kay Cosmetics was originally decided in favor of the plaintiff, Claudine Woolf. In doing so it marked the first time[50] that workplace rights could be applied to independent contractors who worked from their home. This decision was stayed and then reversed after an appeal. The Supreme Court denied certiorari on 31 May 2005.[51]

In this case, Woolf was terminated from her position as director because her unit failed to make production for three consecutive months. Woolf contended that her firing was illegal, because of her medical condition — she was suffering from cancer.

Liquidator court cases

In May 2008, Mary Kay, Inc., sued Touch of the Pink Cosmetics, a website that sells product from former Mary Kay consultants at heavily reduced prices. The company claims that Touch of Pink interferes with their business by offering to purchase inventory from discontinued consultants, and that their use of the Mary Kay trademark in reference to Mary Kay products they sell is deceiving.[52][53]

On 20 July 2009, Mary Kay, Inc., sued Pink Face Cosmetics for trademark infringement.[54] The specific issue appears to be the use of the Mary Kay name, in selling Mary Kay products on eBay and other Internet venues for less than the wholesale cost of the products.

Animal testing

In 1989 the company announced a moratorium on animal testing of its products, after pressure from animal rights groups. They were among the first in their industry to do so and to sign the PETA pledge.

In 2012, when the company expanded into China, the Chinese government required Mary Kay to comply with Chinese law that requires animal testing on all health and beauty products. The Chinese government carries out this testing, not Mary Kay. Thus Mary Kay has been removed from PETA's "Don't Test on Animals" list to the "Do Test" list.[55]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Direct Selling News, May 31, 2016: DSN Global 100: The Top Direct Selling Companies in the World Retrieved 2017-01-28
  2. ^ a b c d Mary Kay Company Quick Facts Mary Kay Company Quick Facts Retrieved 2017-01-28
  3. ^ Multi-Level Marketing or Illegal Pyramid Scheme? Michigan Attorney General's Office. Retrieved 2017-08-13
  4. ^ a b c d e 2011 Press Kit The Company Archived July 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Mary Kay Company Information page Archived August 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Mary Kay At-A-Glance — June 2006
  7. ^ a b Hicken, Melanie (10 January 2013). "The money behind Herbalife, Mary Kay and others". CNN Money. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  8. ^ a b c d e f MK Corporate Press Kit 2006 Archived July 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ a b "Mary Kay Ash". 20th Century American Leaders Database. Harvard Business School. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
  10. ^ a b c d e Mary Kay Corporate Milestones Archived August 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ a b Camerius, James W.; Clinton, James W. (1993). "Avon Products, Inc: Developing a Global Perspective" (PDF). Washington, DC: Direct Selling Education Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ a b Flynn, Keli (2010-05-30). "Mary Kay Cosmetics". Handbook of Texas Online. Denton, Texas: Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 22 August 2009. Retrieved 2010-10-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ a b c "Company Retrospective". Mary Kay (UK). Archived from the original on 26 December 2007. Retrieved 2010-10-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Stanley, Alessandra (1996-08-14). "Avon and Mary Kay Create Opportunities for Women". Moscow: New York Times. p. D1. Retrieved May 2014. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  15. ^ a b c d "China consumer goods: Still off the doorstep". Economist Intelligence Unit. Economist Group. 2005-06-21. Retrieved 2010-10-20.(subscription required)
  16. ^ Providing Mary Kay Employees with Own Webpages Saves Millions (pg. 2)
  17. ^ a b c Mary Kay Inc. (2001-11-22). "Mary Kay Inc. 2003 Fact Sheet" (Press release). Retrieved 2010-10-20.
  18. ^ a b c d e "Just the FAQs". Mary Kay (UK). Retrieved 2010-10-20.
  19. ^ Family Business Archived January 5, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ a b c Mary Kay Corporate Press Kit 2005
  21. ^ Kaye, Marcia (December–January 2005). "Parent Time: Mary Kay Cosmetics". Today's Parent. Archived from the original on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 2010-10-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ a b c Mary Kay (Canada) Reported earnings 2004
  23. ^ "Mary Kay Cosmetics (U.K.) Ltd". Hoovers, Inc. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
  24. ^ a b c d Glick, Julia (2006-08-04). "More Chinese Women Donning Mary Kay Uniforms". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2011-04-30. Retrieved 2010-10-20. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h Mary Kay (Canada) Reported earnings
  26. ^ a b c Mary Kay (Argentina)
  27. ^ Mary Kay (Mexico)
  28. ^ a b c d e f "The Mary Kay Opportunity". Mary Kay (UK). Retrieved 2010-10-20.
  29. ^ a b "Company Information". Mary Kay. Archived from the original on 2007-04-28. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
  30. ^ a b "2007 Press Kit" (PDF) (Press release). Mary Kay. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-06-27. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
  31. ^ Mary Kay Around The World
  32. ^ Mary Kay (Canada) Reported earnings Archived May 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ "March 2008 Directors Commission" (PDF). Applause. Mary Kay. July 2008. p. 17. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
  34. ^ a b c d Oberbeck, Steven (2008-05-15). "Utah woman a star in pink". The Salt Lake Tribune. Sequence, Inc. Retrieved 2010-10-20.[permanent dead link]
  35. ^ a b c 2008 Earnings Representation
  36. ^ a b Johnson, Grant (2009-01-01). "Beauty Secrets | Mary Kay's Rhonda Shasteen works on brand makeover". Directmag.com. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
  37. ^ a b c d [1] Archived March 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  38. ^ a b c d "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2010-07-13. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  39. ^ a b Barboza, David (26 December 2009). "Direct Selling Flourishes in China". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  40. ^ Speedy, Blair (2 March 2011). "Mary Kay Survives Retail Slump". The Australian. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  41. ^ a b http://www.marykay.ca/ContentPage.aspx?FileName=/home/earnings-representation.html
  42. ^ Clanton, Brett (27 June 2006). "Mary Kay Inc. Loves Cadillac, and the Feeling Is Mutual". The Ledger. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  43. ^ Pink Truth
  44. ^ Brochure: Mary Kay Career Car Plan Guidelines — February 2005.
  45. ^ Ford Mustang revs up as Mary Kay’s newest ride
  46. ^ Earnings Representation
  47. ^ US National 1206 Commission
  48. ^ Mary Kay Letter to the FTC regarding proposed changes in the rules governing MLMs. Archived July 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  49. ^ Mary Kay Canadian Earnings
  50. ^ Fired Mary Kay Worker Wins Lawsuit
  51. ^ Order List:544 US
  52. ^ http://www.pinktruth.com/images/MKCorp/touchofpink.pdf
  53. ^ Evan Clark (2008-03-09). "Mary Kay Sues Former Sales Rep". Women's Wear Daily. Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  54. ^ Northern District of Texas Case 3:09-cv-01363-L[permanent dead link]
  55. ^ Vartan, Starre. "Avon, Estee Lauder and Mary Kay under fire for animal testing", The Miami Herald, Miami, 27 February 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2012.



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