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Ohio Stadium

Coordinates: 40°0′6″N 83°1′11″W / 40.00167°N 83.01972°W / 40.00167; -83.01972
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Ohio Stadium
"The Horseshoe"
"The Shoe"
"The House That Harley Built”
Map
Address411 Woody Hayes Drive
LocationColumbus, Ohio
Coordinates40°0′6″N 83°1′11″W / 40.00167°N 83.01972°W / 40.00167; -83.01972
OwnerThe Ohio State University
OperatorOhio State University
Department of Athletics
Capacity102,082 (since 2018)
Record attendance110,045 (November 26, 2016 vs. Michigan)
SurfaceFieldTurf (2007–present)
Astroturf (1971–1989)
Grass (1922–1970, 1990–2006)
Construction
Broke groundAugust 3, 1921
OpenedOctober 7, 1922
Renovated2000–01
Expanded1948, 1991, 2001, 2014
Construction costUS$1.34 million
($24.4 million in 2023 dollars[1])
ArchitectHoward Dwight Smith
Class of 1907
General contractorE. H. Latham Company
Tenants
Ohio State Buckeyes (NCAA) (1922–present)
Ohio Glory (WLAF) (1992)
Columbus Crew (MLS) (1996–1998)
Ohio Stadium
The rotunda at night
LocationColumbus, Ohio
Coordinates40°0′6″N 83°1′11″W / 40.00167°N 83.01972°W / 40.00167; -83.01972
Built1921–22
NRHP reference No.74001494 [2]
Added to NRHPMarch 22, 1974

Ohio Stadium, also known as the Horseshoe, the Shoe, and the House That Harley Built, is an American football stadium in Columbus, Ohio, on the campus of The Ohio State University. Its primary purpose is the home venue of the Ohio State Buckeyes football team; it also serves as the site for the university's Spring Commencement ceremonies each May.

From 1996 to 1998, Ohio Stadium was the home venue for the Columbus Crew of Major League Soccer prior to the opening of Columbus Crew Stadium in 1999. The stadium also was the home venue for the OSU track and field teams from 1923–2001. In addition to athletics, Ohio Stadium is also a concert venue, with U2, Taylor Swift, The Rolling Stones, Pink Floyd, and Metallica among the many acts to have played at the venue.

The stadium opened in 1922 as a replacement for Ohio Field and had a seating capacity of 66,210. In 1923, a cinder running track was added that was later upgraded to an all-weather track. Seating capacity gradually increased over the years and reached a total of 91,470 possible spectators in 1991. Beginning in 2000, the stadium was renovated and expanded in several phases, removing the track and adding additional seating, which raised the capacity to 101,568 by 2001 and to 102,329 in 2007. In 2014, additional seating was added in the end zone, raising the official capacity to 104,944. Another renovation to add more luxury suites began in 2017 and will eventually lead to decrease in 2,600 seats. It is the largest stadium by capacity in the state of Ohio, and the fourth largest on-campus football stadium in the United States. Ohio Stadium was added to the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service on March 22, 1974.[2]

Construction

Aerial photograph of Ohio Stadium

As early as 1913, Ohio Field at High Street and Woodruff Avenue was unable to contain the crowds attracted to many Buckeye home football games. This led to faculty discussion of moving the site elsewhere and building a new facility. The growing popularity of football in Ohio led to the design of a horseshoe-shaped stadium, conceptualized and designed by architect Howard Dwight Smith in 1918. A public-subscription Stadium Campaign to fund the project began in October 1920 and raised over $1.1 million in pledges by January 1921, of which $975,001 were actually honored. [3]

The stadium was built in 1922 by E. H. Latham Company of Columbus, with materials and labor from the Marble Cliff Quarry Co. at a construction cost of $1.34 million and a total cost of $1.49 million. The stadium's original capacity was 66,210. Upon completion, it was the largest poured concrete structure in the world. Many university officials feared that the stadium would never be filled to capacity.[3]

Smith employed numerous revolutionary architectural techniques while building the stadium. At the base is a slurry wall to keep out the waters from the Olentangy River; the stadium sets on the flood plain. Instead of building a large bowl like the previously constructed Yale Bowl, Ohio Stadium was designed to have an upper deck that would hang over part of the lower deck, giving Ohio Stadium its "A", "B", and "C" decks. Instead of employing numerous columns like those at Harvard Stadium, Smith designed double columns that allow for more space between columns. The rotunda at the north end of the stadium, which is now adorned with stained glass murals of the offensive and defensive squads that comprise the Buckeye football team,[4] was designed to look like the dome at the Pantheon in Rome.

History

The first game in the stadium was against Ohio Wesleyan University on October 7, 1922, and brought a crowd of around 25,000, which left people concerned because the stadium was half empty. This concern was put to rest at the stadium's formal dedication against Michigan on October 21, which the Wolverines won, 19–0. The crowd was announced at the game to be 72,000, but no one is really sure how many people made it into the stadium. This attendance mark was broken in a game against Michigan in 1926 when 90,411 came out to support the Buckeyes; this is also the last time standing-room-only tickets were sold for a game.[3]

The stadium did not regularly sell out until after World War II, and in the 1920s and 1930s most games only drew in 20,000 or 30,000 fans with many more attending the annual game against Michigan. The 1935 contest with Notre Dame was a sellout, with over 81,000 in attendance.

In 1923, a cinder track was built around the football field, which would later be named after Olympian and Ohio State athlete Jesse Owens. The stadium was home to the OSU track and field teams until the opening of Jesse Owens Memorial Stadium in 2001.[3]

Renovations

As time passed, minor adjustments raised the seating capacity to more than 90,000. In 1984, a new $2.1 million scoreboard was installed. The stadium was heavily renovated from 1998 to 2001. The press box was replaced, additional seating was installed, and 81 luxury suites and 2,500 club seats were added. The south end zone scoreboard was also replaced by a 90 ft. x 30 ft. video board that is able to show replays, highlights, animations, graphics and statistical information. Additionally, a smaller version of the south end scoreboard was added to the north end and a new LED ribbon board that runs end-zone to end-zone was added to the balcony prior to the 2009 season. In 1998, the track was removed and a 45-foot (14 m) slurry wall was built underneath the field to allow it to be lowered 14.5 feet (4.4 m), which places it below the water table. After the 1999 season, the field of play was lowered to add seating closer to the field.[5] The temporary bleachers in the south end zone were replaced with permanent seating. However, the south end of the stadium remains partially open, thus allowing the stadium to maintain its notable horseshoe configuration.[3][6] General improvements were made in the seating and concourse areas. The result of the $194 million renovation was a capacity that rose to 101,568. 80% of the cost of the renovation was funded by the sale of leases on the suites and club seats, with the remaining 20% funded by donations and the sale of naming rights for portions of the stadium. No public or university money was spent in the renovation process.[3]

In 1971, the natural grass field was removed, and AstroTurf was installed, compliments of a donation by Lou Fisher in dedication to fellow football player Joseph Campanella. A plaque was placed on the southeast corner in memory of Campanella. In 1979, the surface was replaced with SuperTurf. In 1990, natural grass made its return to the Horseshoe, in the form of a special grass called "Prescription Athletic Turf." New field designs were put in place for the 1992 season and existed through the 2006 season. During the 2006 season, problems with the natural grass began to arise. After serious damage to the field during use in the spring of 2006, the field never recovered and had to be re-sodded. That grass never took root because of bad weather, and the university was forced to re-sod the field again only three weeks after the old sod was laid. The university spent approximately $150,000 to perform both soddings. In response to this, OSU replaced the natural grass with FieldTurf for the 2007 season. This new artificial turf looks and feels like real grass but requires minimal upkeep.

In March 2012 the university announced a $7 million renovation to the scoreboard installed during the 2000–01 renovation. The project began April 23 and was completed in time for the 2012 season opener on September 1. The current scoreboard includes a Panasonic HD screen, stretching 124 feet by 42 feet, and incorporates upgrades to the audio system and the LED running boards (which are the smaller screens underneath the larger screen that usually display score updates and advertisements). A Pro Sound audio system with 25 different speakers flank the scoreboard. Older speakers throughout the Horseshoe received improvements and will eventually be replaced by new speakers fitted into the existing framework.

Prior to the 2014 season, 2,500 seats were added to the south stands. These seats were built over the entrance tunnels and raised the official capacity of the stadium to 104,851, making it the third largest stadium in the country and the fifth largest stadium in the world. The renovations also included permanent lights added to the northeast and southeast corners of the stadium, as well as atop the press box, and the playing surface was replaced.[3][7]

Panoramic view.

Timeline of seating capacity[8]

Capacity Start Date End Date
66,210 1922 1943
72,754 1944 1947
78,677 1948 1957
79,658 1958 1960
79,727 1961 1961
81,109 1962 1968
81,455 1969 1970
81,475 1971 1971
81,667 1972 1972
82,567 1973 1973
83,080 1974 1974
83,112 1975 1981
85,290 1982 1984
85,399 1985 1988
86,071 1989 1990
91,470 1991 1994
89,841 1995 1999
95,346 2000 2000
101,568 2001 2006
102,329 2007 2014
104,944 2014 2017
102,082 2018 present

Night football games

Before the 2014 renovations, Ohio Stadium did not have permanent lights at the stadium, thus night games were rare. Ohio State's first night game in the stadium was played on September 14, 1985, when the #9 Buckeyes defeated the Pittsburgh Panthers, 10-7. Ohio State did not play another night game at Ohio Stadium until September 11, 1993, when the 16th-ranked Buckeyes defeated #12 Washington 21-12. Ohio State played a total of 12 more night games before permanent lighting was installed, nine of which were against ranked opponents. The Buckeyes are 16-5 (.762) overall and 9-1 (.900) in the Big Ten in night games through September 18, 2017. Ohio State's most recent night game was a 16-31 loss versus #5 Oklahoma on September 9, 2017.

Below is a table of teams the Buckeyes have faced in multiple night games at Ohio Stadium.

Matchups Opponent OSU Record
3 Penn State 2-1
2 Nebraska 2-0
2 Washington 2-0
2 Wisconsin 2-0

Largest attendance

Rank Date Attendance Result
1 November 26, 2016 110,045 #2 Ohio State 30 – #3 Michigan 27 (2 OT)
2 October 28, 2017 109,302 #6 Ohio State 39 - #2 Penn State 38
3 September 9, 2017 109,088 #5 Oklahoma 31 – #2 Ohio State 16
4 November 21, 2015 108,975 #9 Michigan State 17 – #3 Ohio State 14
5 November 5, 2016 108,750 #6 Ohio State 62 – #10 Nebraska 3
6 November 29, 2014 108,610 #6 Ohio State 42 – Michigan 28
7 October 17, 2015 108,423 #1 Ohio State 38 – Penn State 10
8 September 16, 2017 108,414 #8 Ohio State 38 – Army 7
9 September 27, 2014 108,362[9] #22 Ohio State 50 – Cincinnati 28
10 November 7, 2015 108,075[10] #3 Ohio State 28 – Minnesota 14

Buckeye football

Script Ohio

The largest crowd in stadium history is 110,045, set November 26, 2016, in a game against Michigan. The attendance broke the previous record of 108,975 set the previous year for the game against Michigan State. Ohio State has ranked in the top five for attendance for many years, and was the national leader in attendance for the 2014 season, averaging 106,296 people per game.[11] The school set the national spring game record on April 16, 2016, when they drew 100,189 fans for their 2016 spring game. This broke the previous record of 99,391 set by the Buckeyes in their 2015 spring game.[12]

Mel Kiper, Jr. ranked Ohio Stadium second in atmosphere in 2002, behind the Army–Navy Game, and quoted Beano Cook in saying "There is nothing that beats when the Ohio State Marching Band and the sousaphone player dots the 'i' for Script Ohio." [13] The crowd attending these home games is known for creating harsh and difficult environments for opponents. University of Iowa coach Hayden Fry complained after a 1985 loss that the fans were too loud for his quarterback, Chuck Long, to call plays and suggested sound meters be used to gauge the noise level, penalizing home teams if there was too much noise. He said, "It's a realistic fact that happened. He became mentally disturbed for the first time since he's been a starter for us because of his inability to communicate."[14]

Ohio Stadium on November 29, 2014 v. Michigan

O-H-I-O

One famous chant by the Buckeye fans, usually starting with the students in the South Stands, is O-H-I-O. The entire South end yells O then the East stands follow with H, the North with I and the West with O. The chant loops around the stadium loudly sometimes for 5 to 10 minutes. Before kick off the entire stadium screams O continuously until the ball is kicked, immediately following the kick the stadium shouts in unison O-H-I-O.

Events

Columbus Crew

Major League Soccer games were held at Ohio Stadium between 1996 and 1998. The home opener was held on April 13, 1996, against D.C. United before 25,266 fans. Brian McBride scored 2 goals and had an assist in a 4–0 rout. The field at Ohio Stadium was the smallest in the MLS, measuring only 62 yards wide by 106 yards long, limited by the track surrounding it.[15] Because of the smaller market for soccer than Ohio State football, B Deck, C Deck, and the South end zone seats were closed, leading to a capacity of 25,243.[16]

Attendance stayed strong through the first season, seeing a record audience of 31,550 September 15, 1996 win over the MetroStars, 2–0.[17] Despite the facility's size, problems like field dimensions and the lack of lighting pushed the Crew to find a new home. Jamey Rootes, Crew president and general manager stated, "We prefer a smaller, more intimate environment (than Ohio Stadium) … We've got to create a major league environment. Ohio Stadium is a great stadium, but we cannot create a major league environment in a facility that is way too big for us."[18] The Crew finished their tenure at Ohio Stadium 30–18.

Concerts

Date Artist(s) Opening act(s) Tour / Concert name Attendance Revenue Notes
May 28, 1988 Pink Floyd — A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour 63,016 / 63,016 $1,260,320
May 22, 1992 Genesis — We Can't Dance Tour 71,550 / 71,550 —
May 29, 1994 Pink Floyd — The Division Bell Tour 75,250 / 75,250 $2,406,920
August 6, 1994 Billy Joel
Elton John		 — Face to Face 1994 67,606 / 67,606 $2,710,335
May 24, 1997 U2 Fun Lovin' Criminals PopMart Tour 43,813 / 50,000 $2,246,977
September 27, 1997 The Rolling Stones Blues Traveler Bridges to Babylon Tour 60,621 / 60,621 $3,553,069
May 9, 1998 George Strait Tim McGraw
Faith Hill
John Michael Montgomery
Lee Ann Womack
Asleep at the Wheel
Lila McCann		 George Strait Country Music Festival 69,954 / 69,954 $2,773,080
July 19, 2003 Metallica Mudvayne
Deftones
Linkin Park
Limp Bizkit		 Summer Sanitarium Tour 2003 41,458 —
May 30, 2015 The Rolling Stones Kid Rock Zip Code Tour 59,038 / 59,038 $7,911,843
June 20, 2015 Blake Shelton
Rascal Flatts
Lee Brice
Tyler Farr
Cassadee Pope		 — Buckeye Country Superfest ~90,000 — [19]
June 21, 2015 Kenny Chesney
Keith Urban
Cole Swindell
David Nail
Parmalee
August 18, 2015 One Direction Icona Pop On the Road Again Tour 31,626 / 31,626 $2,492,794
June 18, 2016 Jason Aldean
Lady Antebellum
Thomas Rhett
Aaron Lewis
A Thousand Horses		 — Buckeye Country Superfest — —
June 19, 2016 Luke Bryan
Florida Georgia Line
Dierks Bentley
Randy Houser
Jerrod Niemann
The Swon Brothers
July 7, 2018 Taylor Swift Camila Cabello
Charli XCX		 Taylor Swift's Reputation Stadium Tour 62,897 / 62,897 $6,606,529 First woman to headline a concert at the stadium.
August 16, 2018 Beyoncé
Jay-Z		 Chloe X Halle and DJ Khaled On the Run II Tour 35,083 / 35,083 $3,142,160

High school

The stadium hosted the Ohio High School Athletic Association football championship games for all seven divisions in 2014 and 2015.[20] The stadium had previously hosted the championships for Divisions I and III in 1982 and all divisions (five at the time) from 1983 to 1989.

Other events

On July 27, 2016, a 2016 International Champions Cup match between Real Madrid and Paris Saint-Germain was held at Ohio Stadium. The match, won by Paris Saint-Germain 3–1, drew 86,641 fans, the largest crowd to ever see a soccer game in the state of Ohio.[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  2. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Ballparks.com - Ohio Stadium
  4. ^ "Motorists Insurance Gife Supports Ohio Stadium Enhancement and Renovation" (Press release). Ohio State University. June 5, 2001. Archived from the original on September 2, 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2006. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Sherratt, Pam. "Part 2: Stadium Renovation 1998-2000". Buckeye Turf. The Ohio State University. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
  6. ^ "Renovations of Ohio Stadium". The Ohio State University Archives. Archived from the original on 2013-01-09. Retrieved October 7, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "2014 Ohio Stadium Renovations". Scribd. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  8. ^ Ohio Stadium - The Ohio State Buckeyes Official Athletics Site - OhioStateBuckeyes.com Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ "Barrett, Elliott lead Buckeyes by Bearcats, 50-28". ESPN.com. Associated Press. September 27, 2014. Retrieved September 27, 2014.
  10. ^ "Ohio State Postgame Notes". www.ohiostatebuckeyes.com. Retrieved 2015-11-08.
  11. ^ "Ohio State Beats Michigan In Average Attendance". WBNS-TV. December 17, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2015.
  12. ^ Forde, Pat (April 18, 2015). "Buckeyes set spring game record as staggering number of fans pack Ohio Stadium". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved April 20, 2015.
  13. ^ Kiper, Mel Jr. (March 8, 2002). "For scenery, check out Michie Stadium". Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  14. ^ "Too Much Noise". The New York Times. November 7, 1985. p. B27.
  15. ^ Merz, Craig (April 14, 1996). "Crew Routs United 4–0 in Opener". The Columbus Dispatch. p. 1E.
  16. ^ Merz, Craig (April 17, 1996). "Crew Won't Increase 'Shoe Size; for Now, Capacity Will Remain as Is". The Columbus Dispatch. p. 3H.
  17. ^ "SOCCER: Crew Wins 8th Straight; More than 31,000 Fans See Columbus' 2–0 Win Over the MetroStars". The Columbus Dispatch. April 14, 1996. p. 1E.
  18. ^ Merz, Craig (June 6, 1997). "Crew Has Home for '98 Season". The Columbus Dispatch. p. 1B.
  19. ^ http://www.buckeyecountrysuperfest.com/news/
  20. ^ Znidar, Mark (July 22, 2010). "Football finals are coming back to the 'Shoe". Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
  21. ^ "All-Time State Tournament Results". OHSAA.org. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
  22. ^ Cermak, Daniel (July 27, 2016). "Paris Saint-Germain Defeat Real Madrid 3-1 in Front of Record Crowd". ISNSoccer.com. International Soccer Network. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
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