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Shi Zhengli

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Template:Chinese name

Shi Zhenglii
Born (1964-05-26) 26 May 1964 (age 60)
Xixia County, Henan, China
EducationWuhan University
Wuhan Institute of Virology
Montpellier 2 University
Scientific career
FieldsVirology
InstitutionsWuhan Institute of Virology
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese石正麗
Simplified Chinese石正丽
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinShí Zhènglì

Shi Zhengli (simplified Chinese: 石正丽; traditional Chinese: 石正麗; born 26 May 1964) is a Chinese virologist who came to international prominence as "bat woman" during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic for her work on bat viruses.[1] Shi is a researcher at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), in the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Shi and colleague Cui Jie found the SARS virus originated in bats.[2][3] Shi is a member of the Virology Committee of the Chinese Society for Microbiology. She is an editor of the Board of Virologica Sinica,[4] the Chinese Journal of Virology, and the Journal of Fishery Sciences of China.

Early life

Shi was born in May 1964 in Xixia County, Henan, China.[5] She graduated from Wuhan University in 1987. She received her master's degree from the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1990 and her Ph.D. from Montpellier 2 University in France in 2000.

Research

In 2005, a team led by Shi Zhengli and Cui Jie found that the SARS virus originated in bats;[6] their results were published in Science in 2005,[7] and the Journal of General Virology in 2006.[8][9]

In 2014, Shi Zhengli was involved in an investigation of bat coronaviruses,[10] specifically gain of function experiments involving both the SARS and bat coronaviruses, a joint research of University of North Carolina and Wuhan Institute of Virology, with Ralph S. Baric as principal investigator.[11] That same year funding for the project in the US had been paused[12] due to the moratorium on risky virology studies with influenza, MERS & SARS viruses, announced by the US government that year.[13]

During the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, Shi and other Institute scientists formed an expert group on the research of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).[14][15] In February 2020, researchers led by Shi Zhengli published an article in Nature titled "A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin",[16] and in a post on bioRxiv, said that the SARS-CoV 2 is in the same family as SARS and closest to one found in bats.[17][18] In February 2020, her team published a paper in Cell Research showing that remdesivir, an experimental drug owned by Gilead Sciences, had a positive effect in inhibiting the virus in vitro, and applied for a patent for the drug in China on behalf of the WIV.[19][20][21] Shi co-authored a paper labelling the virus as the first Disease X.[22]

In February 2020, the South China Morning Post reported that Shi's decade-long work to build up one of the world's largest databases of bat-related viruses gave the scientific community a "head start" in understanding the virus.[23] The SCMP also reported that Shi was the focus of personal attacks in Chinese social media who claimed the WIV was the source of the virus, leading Shi to post: "I swear with my life, [the virus] has nothing to do with the lab", and when asked by the SCMP to comment on the attacks, Shi responded: "My time must be spent on more important matters".[23] Caixin reported Shi made further public statements against "perceived tinfoil-hat theories about the new virus's source", quoting her as saying: "The novel 2019 coronavirus is nature punishing the human race for keeping uncivilized living habits. I, Shi Zhengli, swear on my life that it has nothing to do with our laboratory".[24]

In a March 2020 interview with Scientific American, where she was called China's "Bat Woman", Shi said "Bat-borne coronaviruses will cause more outbreaks", and "We must find them before they find us."[1] In 2015, other scientists questioned whether Shi's team were taking unnecessary risks, according to an April 2020 opinion piece by Josh Rogin in the Washington Post.[25] According to Rogin, U.S. officials sent to the WIV had dispatched two diplomatic cables back to Washington in 2018 which "warned about the safety and management weaknesses at the WIV lab", and the cable noted that the U.S. officials met with Shi Zhengli.[25] The cables also stated: "the researchers also showed that various SARS-like coronaviruses can interact with ACE2, the human receptor identified for SARS-coronavirus. This finding strongly suggests that SARS-like coronaviruses from bats can be transmitted to humans to cause SARS-like diseases."[25]

Honours

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Jane Qiu (11 March 2020). "How China's "Bat Woman" Hunted Down Viruses from SARS to the New Coronavirus". Scientific American.
  2. ^ Yang Wanli (7 December 2017). "Scientists close in on origin of SARS". Chinadaily. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  3. ^ "Archived copy" 一位女科学家的风采——武汉病毒研究所石正丽博士. 163.com (in Chinese). 2007-05-25. Archived from the original on 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2019-02-06.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ "Editorial Board". Virologica Sinica. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  5. ^ "Archived copy" 石正丽：与病毒相伴的女科学家. sciencenet.cn (in Chinese). 2009-03-10. Archived from the original on 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2019-02-06.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ David Cyranoski (1 October 2017). "Bat cave solves mystery of deadly SARS virus — and suggests new outbreak could occur". nature.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  7. ^ Li, Wendong; Shi, Zhengli; Yu, Meng; Ren, Wuze; Smith, Craig; Epstein, Jonathan H; Wang, Hanzhong; Crameri, Gary; Hu, Zhihong; Zhang, Huajun; Zhang, Jianhong; McEachern, Jennifer; Field, Hume; Daszak, Peter; Eaton, Bryan T; Zhang, Shuyi; Wang, Lin-Fa (28 Oct 2005). "Bats Are Natural Reservoirs of SARS-Like Coronaviruses". Science. 310 (5748): 676–679. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..676L. doi:10.1126/science.1118391. PMID 16195424.
  8. ^ Lu Wei (鲁伟); Liu Zheng (刘铮) (10 March 2009). "Archived copy" 石正丽：与病毒相伴的女科学家. sciencenet.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ Ren, Wuze; Li, Wendong; Yu, Meng; Hao, Pei; Zhang, Yuan; Zhou, Peng; Zhang, Shuyi; Zhao, Guoping; Zhong, Yang; Wang, Shengyue; Wang, Lin-Fa; Shi, Zhengli (1 November 2006). "Full-length genome sequences of two SARS-like coronaviruses in horseshoe bats and genetic variation analysis". J Gen Virol. 87 (11): 3355–3359. doi:10.1099/vir.0.82220-0. PMID 17030870.
  10. ^ Yang, Yang; et al. (June 10, 2015). "Two Mutations Were Critical for Bat-to-Human Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus". Journal of Virology. 89 (17): 9119–9123. doi:10.1128/JVI.01279-15. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  11. ^ Menachery, Vineet D.; Yount, Boyd L.; Debbink, Kari; Agnihothram, Sudhakar; Gralinski, Lisa E.; Plante, Jessica A.; Graham, Rachel L.; Scobey, Trevor; Ge, Xing-Yi; Donaldson, Eric F.; Randell, Scott H. (Nov 11, 2015). "A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence". Nature Medicine. 21 (12): 1508–1513. doi:10.1038/nm.3985. ISSN 1546-170X. PMC 4797993. PMID 26552008.
  12. ^ Kaiser, Jocelyn (Nov 13, 2014). "Letters from NIH and NIAID telling 14 institutions to halt projects" (PDF). Science | AAAS.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ Kaiser, Jocelyn (2014-11-17). "Moratorium on risky virology studies leaves work at 14 institutions in limbo". Science | AAAS. Retrieved 2020-03-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ Zhang Juan (张隽); Guan Xiyan (关喜艳) (24 January 2020). 石正丽等13位专家组队 攻关新型肺炎研究. people.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  15. ^ Jon Cohen (1 February 2020). "Mining coronavirus genomes for clues to the outbreak's origins". Science. Retrieved 4 February 2020. team led by Shi Zheng-Li, a coronavirus specialist at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, reported on 23 January on bioRxiv that 2019-nCoV's sequence was 96.2% similar to a bat virus and had 79.5% similarity to the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a disease whose initial outbreak was also in China more than 15 years ago.
  16. ^ Shi Zhengli; Team of 29 researchers at the WIV (3 February 2020). "A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin". Nature. 579 (7798): 270–273. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7. PMC 7095418. PMID 32015507.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ Zhou, Peng; Yang, Xing-Lou; Wang, Xian-Guang; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Wei; Si, Hao-Rui; Zhu, Yan; Li, Bei; Huang, Chao-Lin; Chen, Hui-Dong; Chen, Jing; Luo, Yun; Guo, Hua; Jiang, Ren-Di; Liu, Mei-Qin; Chen, Ying; Shen, Xu-Rui; Wang, Xi; Zheng, Xiao-Shuang; Zhao, Kai; Chen, Quan-Jiao; Deng, Fei; Liu, Lin-Lin; Yan, Bing; Zhan, Fa-Xian; Wang, Yan-Yi; Xiao, Geng-Fu; Shi, Zheng-Li (23 January 2020). "Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin". bioRxiv: 2020.01.22.914952. doi:10.1101/2020.01.22.914952. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  18. ^ Antonio Regalado (23 January 2020). "Virus in Chinese outbreak is closest to one from bats, not snakes". technologyreview. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  19. ^ Shi Zhengli; Team of 10 researchers at the WIV (4 February 2020). "Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro". Cell Research. 30 (3): 269–271. doi:10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0. PMC 7054408. PMID 32020029.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ "China Wants to Patent Gilead's Experimental Coronavirus Drug". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2020-02-05.
  21. ^ Denise Grady (6 February 2020). "China Begins Testing an Antiviral Drug in Coronavirus Patients". New York Times. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  22. ^ Shi Zhengli; Jiang Shibo (2020). "The First Disease X is Caused by a Highly Transmissible Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus". Virologica Sinica. doi:10.1007/s12250-020-00206-5. PMID 32060789.
  23. ^ a b Stephen Chen (6 February 2020). "Coronavirus: bat scientist's cave exploits offer hope to beat virus 'sneakier than Sars'". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  24. ^ Yang Rui; Feng Yuding; Zhao Jinchao; Matthew Walsh (7 February 2020). "Wuhan Virology Lab Deputy Director Again Slams Coronavirus Conspiracies". Caixin. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  25. ^ a b c Rogin, John (14 April 2020). "State Department cables warned of safety issues at Wuhan lab studying bat coronaviruses". Washington Post. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  26. ^ 法国驻华大使亲临武汉病毒所为袁志明、石正丽研究员授勋 (in Chinese). Wuhan Institute of Virology. 2016-06-20.
  27. ^ Huang Haihua (黄海华) (24 January 2020). 新型冠状病毒可能来源于蝙蝠！“蝙蝠女侠”石正丽发现其与蝙蝠冠状病毒同源性为96%. sina (in Chinese). Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  28. ^ "Archived copy" 学界大牛！12位华人学者当选2019年美国微生物科学院院士. xincailiao.com (in Chinese). 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2019-02-06.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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