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Walt Disney Imagineering
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryEngineering, architecture
Founded1952; 72 years ago (1952)
HeadquartersGrand Central Creative Campus,
Glendale, California
,
United States
ProductsTheme parks, resorts, attractions, cruise ships, real estate developments, entertainment venues
ServicesDesign
ParentWalt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products
(The Walt Disney Company)
WebsiteOfficial website Edit this at Wikidata

Walt Disney Imagineering is the research and development arm of The Walt Disney Company, responsible for the creation, design, and construction of Disney theme parks and attractions worldwide. Founded by Walt Disney to oversee the production of Disneyland, it was originally known as Walt Disney, Incorporation then WED Enterprises, from the initials meaning "Walter Elias Disney", the company co-founder's full name.[1]

Imagineering is responsible for designing and building Disney theme parks, resorts, cruise ships, and other entertainment venues at all levels of project development. Imagineers possess a broad range of skills and talents, and thus over 140 different job titles fall under the banner of Imagineering, including illustrators, architects, engineers, lighting designers, show writers, graphic designers, and many more.[1] Most Imagineers work from the company’s headquarters on Grand Central Creative Campus in Glendale, California, but are often deployed to satellite branches within the theme parks for long periods of time.

Imagineering also manages various properties held by units within the Walt Disney Company including Disney's Burbank Studios, New Amsterdam Theater and Times Square Studio Ltd. in New York City. When Disney was in sports team ownership, that included facilities such as Edison Field and the Mighty Ducks Disney Ice practice rink in Anaheim.[2]

Term

The term Imagineering, a portmanteau, was introduced in the 1940s by Alcoa to describe its blending of imagination and engineering, and used by Union Carbide in an in-house magazine in 1957, with an article by Richard F Sailer called BRAINSTORMING IS IMAGination engINEERING. Disney filed for a copyright[dubious – discuss] for the term in 1967, claiming first use of the term in 1962. Imagineering is a registered trademark of The Walt Disney Company,[3]

History

Walt Disney, Inc. (WDI) was formed by Walt Disney on December 16, 1952 with an engineering division tasked with designing Disneyland.[4][5] In light of objections from Roy as well as those of potential stockholders, WDI was renamed WED Enterprises in 1953 based on Walt's initials.[4][5] In 1961, WED moved into the Grand Central Business Park.[6] WED Enterprises theme park design and architectural group became so integral to the Disney studio's operations that the Disney Productions bought it on February 5, 1965 along with the WED Enterprises name.[7][8][9][10]

The unit was renamed as of January 1986 to Walt Disney Imagineering. In 1996, Disney Development Company, the Disney conglomerate's real estate development subsidiary, merged into Imagineering.[11]

Imagineering created Disney Fair, a U.S. traveling attraction, which premiered in September 1996. With poor attendance, the fair was pulled after a few stops. Disney Entertainment Projects (Asia Pacific), Inc., a new Disney Asian Pacific subsidiary, selected a renamed fair called DisneyFest as its first project taking it to Singapore to open there on October 30, 1997.[12]

By 1997, Imagineers were in several buildings in Grand Central Business Park when Disney purchased the park. In September 1999, Disney Imagineering announced the Grand Central Creative Campus redesign of the industrial park with a new office-studio complex anchored by Disney Imagineering. Some of the building were demolished to make way for new buildings. The additional space would be for sound stages, production facilities and offices.[2][13]

As part of The Walt Disney Company’s March 2018 strategic reorganization, Walt Disney Parks and Resorts merged with Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media segments into Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products.[14]

Principles

Imagineers are governed by a few key principles when developing new concepts and improving existing attractions. Often, new concepts and improvements are created to fulfill specific needs. Many solutions to problems are designed in this way, such as the ride vehicle of the attraction Soarin' Over California. The Imagineers knew they wanted guests to experience the sensation of flight, but were not sure how to accomplish the task of loading the people onto a ride vehicle in an efficient manner where everyone had an optimal viewing position. Imagineer Mark Sumner found an Erector set in his attic, and was able to envision and design a ride vehicle that would effectively simulate hang gliding.[15]

Imagineers are also known for returning to ideas for attractions and shows that, for whatever reason, never came to fruition. These ideas are often reworked and appear in a different form – like the Museum of the Weird, a proposed walk-through wax museum that eventually became the Haunted Mansion.[15]

Finally, there is the principle of "blue sky speculation", a process where Imagineers generate ideas with no limitations.[1] The custom at Imagineering has been to start the creative process with what is referred to as "eyewash"—the boldest, wildest, best idea one can come up with, presented in detail. Many Imagineers consider this to be the true beginning of the design process and operate under the notion that if it can be dreamt, it can be built.[16]

Imagineers are always seeking to improve upon their work—what Walt Disney called "plussing". He firmly believed that "Disneyland will never be completed as long as there's imagination left in the world", meaning there is always room for innovation and improvement.[15]

Mickey's Ten Commandments

During an Imagineering workshop in 1991, Marty Sklar (then-president of Imagineering) presented ten commandments attributed to Mickey Steinberg (the vice president of Imagineering). They are:[17]

  1. Know your audience
  2. Wear your guest's shoes (don't forget the human factors; try to experience the parks from the guests' point of view)
  3. Organize the flow of people and ideas (ensure experiences tell a story that is organized and logically laid out)
  4. Create a "Wienie" (Walt Disney's term for a "visual magnet")
  5. Communicate with visual literacy (use a dominant color or shape or building to reinforce a theme)
  6. Avoid overload—create turn-ons (do not offer too much detailed information)
  7. Tell one story at a time (put one 'big idea' in each show so guests leave with a clear understanding of the theme)
  8. Avoid contradictions—maintain identity (avoid irrelevant or contradicting elements; make sure the audience has a clear idea of what is being said)
  9. For every ounce of treatment, provide a ton of treat (take advantage of the distinction of the theme park, which is that it encourages active participation, compared to passive entertainment)
  10. Keep it up (do not become complacent or allow things to run down)

Innovations

As of 2000, Walt Disney Imagineering had been granted over 100 patents in areas such as advanced audio systems, fiber optics, interactive technology, live entertainment, ride systems and special effects.[2] WDI is responsible for technological advances such as the Circle-Vision 360° film technique and the FastPass virtual queuing system.

Audio-Animatronics

Imagineering is perhaps best known for its development of Audio-Animatronics, a form of robotics for use in shows and attractions in the theme parks that allowed Disney to animate things in three dimensions instead of just two. The idea sprang from Disney’s fascination with a mechanical bird he purchased in New Orleans, which eventually led to the development of the attraction The Enchanted Tiki Room. The Tiki Room, which featured singing Audio-Animatronic birds, was the first to use such technology. The 1964 World's Fair featured an Audio-Animatronic figure of Abraham Lincoln that actually stood up and delivered part of the Gettysburg Address (which was just past its centennial at the time) for the “Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln” exhibit, the first human Audio-Animatronic figure.[18]

Today, Audio-Animatronics are featured prominently in many popular Disney attractions, including Pirates of the Caribbean, The Haunted Mansion, The Hall of Presidents, Country Bear Jamboree, Star Tours—The Adventures Continue, and Muppet*Vision 3D. Guests have also had the opportunity to interact with some Audio-Animatronic characters, such as Lucky the Dinosaur, WALL-E, and Remy from Ratatouille. The next wave of Audio-Animatronic development focuses on completely independent figures, or “Autonomatronics.” Otto, the first Autonomatronic figure, debuted at the 2009 D23 Expo and can see, hear, sense a person’s presence and emotions, and have a conversation.[19]

WEDway

WEDway is a people mover system using linear induction motor (LIM) technology to propel vehicles along a pair of steel rails.

This system was developed by WED Enterprises (now known as Walt Disney Imagineering) and has been installed at places such as Walt Disney World Resort's Magic Kingdom and George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Texas, United States.

Disneyland had a special version of this system that used rubber wheels placed every 9 feet along the guide-way that operated from 1967 to 1995.

The Art of the Show

Over the years, Imagineering has conceived a whole range of retail stores, galleries, and hotels that are designed to be experienced and to create and sustain a specific mood – for example, the mood of Disney's Contemporary Resort could be called “the hello futuristic optimism,” and it’s readily apparent given the resort’s A-frame structure, futuristic building techniques, modern décor, and the monorail gliding quietly through the lobby every few minutes. Together, these details combine to tell the story of the hotel.[16]

Imagineering is a form of storytelling, and visiting a Disney theme park is like entering a show. Extensive theming, atmosphere, and attention to detail are the hallmarks of the Disney experience. The mood is distinct and identifiable, the story made clear by details and props. Pirates of the Caribbean evokes a “rollicking buccaneer adventure,” according to Imagineering legend John Hench, whereas the Disney Cruise Line’s ships create an elegant seafaring atmosphere. Even the shops and restaurants within the theme parks tell stories. Every detail is carefully considered, from the menus to the names of the dishes to the Cast Members’ costumes.[20] Disney parks are meant to be experienced through all senses – for example, as guests walk down Main Street, U.S.A. they are likely to smell freshly baked cookies, a small detail that enhances the story of turn-of-the-century, small-town America.

The story of Disney theme parks is often told visually, and the Imagineers design the guest experience in what they call “The Art of the Show.” Hench was fond of comparing theme park design to moviemaking and often used filmmaking techniques in the Disney parks, such as the technique of forced perspective.[20] One of the most dramatic examples of forced perspective in the Disney Parks is Cinderella Castle in Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World. The scale of architectural elements is much smaller in the upper reaches of the castle compared to the foundation, making it seem significantly taller than its actual height of 189 feet.[1]

Theme park projects

"Imagineers at Play" construction signage at Disneyland in 2005.

Since its 1952 inception, Walt Disney Imagineering has created twelve theme parks, a town, four cruise ships, dozens of resort hotels, water parks, shopping centers, sports complexes, and various other entertainment venues.[1] Outside of the theme parks, a complete overhaul of Disney Stores was planned in 2009 with the help of Apple’s Steve Jobs. Disney was hoping to move away from the traditional retail model and toward more of an interactive entertainment hub.[21]

Current Imagineering projects

Project Park/Resort Opening Date
Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge[22] Disneyland Summer 2019
Soarin': Fantastic Flight[23] Tokyo DisneySea
Disney's Coronado Springs Resort expansion[24][25] Walt Disney World
Disney Riviera Resort[26][27] Fall 2019
Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge[22] Disney's Hollywood Studios
Ant-Man and the Wasp: Nano Battle![28] Hong Kong Disneyland 2019
Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway[29] Disney's Hollywood Studios
Jessie's Critter Carousel[30] Disney California Adventure
Inside Out Emotional Whirlwind[31]
Big Hero 6 attraction[32] Tokyo Disneyland 2020
Minnie Mouse Greeting Facility[32]
Fantasyland Expansion[32]
Redesigned castle & hub[33] Hong Kong Disneyland
Disney’s Hotel New York – The Art of Marvel[34] Disneyland Paris
Iron Man roller coaster[35][36] Walt Disney Studios Park
Super Hero Experience[35] Disney California Adventure 2020–
Tron Lightcycle Power Run[37] Magic Kingdom 2021
Guardians of the Galaxy roller coaster[38] Epcot
Ratatouille attraction[39][40]
Frozen themed area[33] Hong Kong Disneyland
New ship[41][42][43] Disney Cruise Line
Walt Disney Studios Park expansion[44] Walt Disney Studios Park 2021–
New ship[41] Disney Cruise Line 2022
New port[45] Tokyo DisneySea
New ship[41] Disney Cruise Line 2023
Marvel Avengers attraction[33] Hong Kong Disneyland
Star Wars Hotel[46] Walt Disney World TBA
Disney Skyliner[47]
Table-service restaurant adjacent to Mission: Space[48] Epcot

Non-theme park projects

The Imagineers have been called on by many other divisions of The Walt Disney Company as well as being contracted by outside firms to design and build structures outside of the theme parks.

The very first Disney Store opened in Glendale, California, near Imagineering headquarters, and was designed and constructed by a group of architectural Imagineers. Imagineers have collaborated with Walt Disney Consumer Products on four more occasions for Disney Stores. Firstly, WDI developed the Walt Disney Gallery at the Main Place Mall in Santa Ana, California (open for a short time in the 1990s, next to the still-operating Disney Store), and then a Roman themed Disney Store at The Forum Shops at Caesars in Las Vegas. Two more themed flagship Disney stores were opened in San Francisco and New York City, the latter having been developed into a World of Disney. After the purchase of the Disney Stores by The Children's Place in 2004, Disney developed a more exclusive chain of flagship Disney stores, called World of Disney (see above). Located in Lake Buena Vista, Florida (at the Walt Disney World Resort), Anaheim, California (at the Disneyland Resort), and New York City (now closed). Each has been designed by Walt Disney Imagineering. A fourth incarnation of the "World of Disney" brand arrived in Disney Village at Disneyland Paris in 2012.

Imagineering designed the prototype 24,000 square feet (2,200 m2) "Club Disney" interactive family fun center in Thousand Oaks, California. It was the first of several Disney location-based entertainment (LBE) venues of the mid to late 1990s that were eventually closed. Another Imagineering-designed location-based entertainment product was DisneyQuest, a high-tech, virtual reality arcade of about 80,000 square feet (7,400 m2) located in Disney Village (now referred to as Disney Springs, West Side) at Lake Buena Vista, Florida. DisneyQuest has themed areas called Score, Explore, Create, and Replay; DisneyQuest in Chicago no longer exists. Imagineers have also overseen design and construction of the Disney Dream and the Disney Fantasy for Disney Cruise Lines, as well as environmental and graphic design for The Disney Cruise Line and DCL's Castaway Cay.

Former Senior Vice President of Imagineering John Hench designed the "Tower of Nations" for the opening and closing ceremony of the 1960 Winter Olympics, where Walt Disney was Pageantry Committee Chairman.

Imagineering designed galleries and exhibitions for the Autry Museum of Western Heritage in Los Angeles, California. It also developed the Encounter Restaurant, a science fiction-esque redesign of the restaurant suspended at the top of the 135-foot parabolic arches of the Theme Building at the Los Angeles International Airport. Imagineering designed exhibits for the Port Discovery children's museum at the Inner Harbor in Baltimore, Maryland, as well as the "Below Deck" sound show depicting Blackbeard's final battle as part of the Pirate and Treasure Museum in St. Augustine, Florida.

When Disney purchased ABC, the Imagineers remodeled the ABC Times Square Studios in New York City. In addition, when Disney purchased the California Angels, they renamed the team to Anaheim Angels, and Walt Disney Imagineering and HOK Sport renovated the then-30-year-old Anaheim-owned Anaheim Stadium, adding modern amenities.

Imagineering worked with FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) to help create the teaser video and the story, as well as the theming of the 2016 FIRST Robotics Competition, FIRST Stronghold.[49][50]

Corporate locations

Grand Central Creative Campus map

Since the 1960s, Imagineering's headquarters have been located in nondescript office buildings on the site of the former Grand Central Airport in Glendale, California, about two miles (3.2 km) east of Disney's corporate headquarters and studio lot in Burbank.

There are field offices at Epcot and Disney's Hollywood Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort. There are also field offices located at;

Walt Disney Imagineering Management

Walt Disney Imagineering

  • President – Bob Weis[51]
  • Executive Vice President, Global Business Operations – Kareem Daniel
  • Chief Development and Delivery Executive – Craig Russell
  • Senior Vice President, Executive Designer – Joe Rohde
  • Senior Vice President, Creative Development – Tony Baxter (retired)
  • Senior Vice President, Creative Development – Eric Jacobson
  • Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer – Scott Watson (deceased)[52]
  • Senior Vice President, Chief Scientist – Ben Schwegler
  • Vice President, Senior Creative Executive – Tom Fitzgerald
  • Vice President, Resort Development – Don Goodman
  • Vice President, New Ship Development – Frank de Heer
  • Vice President, Ride Engineering Studio Executive – Mark Mesko
  • Regional Executive WDI Atlantic – Kathy Mangum
  • Vice President, Project Management – David Van Wyk
  • Director of Theme Park Development for Lucasfilm Attractions – Ian Jackson
  • Director of Theme Park Development for Shanghai Disneyland – Mike Montague
  • Director, Field Art – Jim Crouch
  • Director, Art – Kim Irvine
  • Executive Project Management – Paris, France – Aslam Amlani
  • Regional Executive Producer – John D Mauro
  • Portfolio Creative Executive – Scott Trowbridge
  • Portfolio Creative Executive – Daniel Jue
  • Portfolio Creative Executive – Scot Drake
  • Portfolio Creative Executive – Luc Mayrand
  • Executive Creative Producer – Doris H Woodward
  • Creative Show Design Executive – Cathy Ritenour
  • Creative Development Executive – David Katzman
  • Executive Producer – Gregory Combs
  • Executive Producer – Alexandra Rubinstein
  • Executive Producer – Jonathan Georges
  • Executive Producer – Jodi Mc Laughlin
  • Executive Producer TAP/Director – Lisa Girolami
  • Executive Creative Director – Kevin P. Rafferty
  • Executive Creative Director – Michel den Dulk
  • Executive Creative Director – Christopher Beatty
  • Executive Creative Director – Brent Strong
  • Executive Creative Designer – Chris Turner
  • Senior Creative Director – Owen Yoshino
  • Senior Creative Director – Bryan Thombs
  • Creative Director – Jonathan Friday
  • Principal Show Artist – Heather Greene
  • Principal Concept Designer – John Gritz
  • Principal Graphic Fabrication Designer – James George "Jim" Armagost
  • Senior Show Artist – Tod Mathias
  • Senior Story Editor, Story Development – David Fisher
  • Lead Dimensional Designer/Sculptor – Scott Goddard

Walt Disney Creative Entertainment

  • Vice President, WDI Creative Entertainment – Kevin Eld
  • Vice President, Creative Development; WDI Creative Entertainment – Michael Jung
  • Creative Director and Vice President, Parades and Spectaculars – Steve Davison

Former Walt Disney Imagineering Management

  • Chief Creative Executive 2007-2016, Bruce Vaughn
  • Vice Chairman and Principal Creative Executive, Walt Disney Imagineering 2000-2007 – Marty Sklar
  • President, Walt Disney Imagineering 2000-2009 – Don Goodman
  • Chairman, Walt Disney Imagineering 1995-1997 – Peter Rummell
  • President, Walt Disney Imagineering 1997-1999 – Bran Ferren
  • President, Walt Disney Imagineering 1997-1999 – Ken Wong
  • President, Walt Disney Imagineering 1987-1996 – Marty Sklar
  • President, Walt Disney Imagineering 1979-1989 – Carl Bongirno
  • President, Walt Disney Imagineering 1952-1964 – Bill Cotrell

Notable Disney Imagineers

  • Ken Anderson – Worked on most of the original Disneyland Fantasyland attractions
  • Frank Armitage – Helped to design the Disney theme parks; inspired and designed the Wonders of Life Pavilion in Epcot and was a muralist in Tokyo DisneySea and Walt Disney World.
  • Xavier "X" Atencio – Most famous works include the songs "Yo Ho (A Pirate's Life for Me)" for Pirates of the Caribbean and "Grim Grinning Ghosts" for the Haunted Mansion
  • Tony Baxter – Oversaw the design of some of Disney's most famous modern attractions, such as Big Thunder Mountain Railroad, Splash Mountain, Indiana Jones Adventure, Journey into Imagination, and Disneyland Paris
  • Chris Beatty – Creative Director for the New Fantasyland expansion at the Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World, Current Executive Creative Director for Walt Disney Imagineering
  • Mary Blair – Distinctly stylistic Imagineer, known for designs for "it's a small world," the massive murals in Disney's Contemporary Resort, and the murals overlooking Disneyland's Tomorrowland of 1967
  • Carl Bongirno – Joined Walt Disney at The Celebrity Sports Center in Denver, CO. He worked at The Studio, Disneyland and Walt Disney World in finance positions until 1979 when he became president of WED/MAPO, the original name of Imagineering, which he changed in 1986. He led the Imagineers during the time of creating and building Tokyo Disneyland and EPCOT and the beginning of Disneyland Paris. He retired in 1989 and was inducted as a Disney Legend in later years.
  • Roger E. Broggie – Oversaw development of Audio-Animatronics, CircleVision 360, WedWay Peoplemover, Viewliner, the Santa Fe & Disneyland Railroad, the Disneyland Monorail, the Matterhorn Bobsleds and dark ride transportation systems.
  • Harriet Burns – WDI's first female Imagineer; helped design Audio-Animatronics attractions like The Enchanted Tiki Room and designed The Plaza Inn – official website
  • Wing Chao – The lead designer for decades' worth of Disney-owned hotels, including many of those at the Walt Disney World Resort, as well as the ships of Disney Cruise Line
  • Claude Coats – Designed the sets for Pirates of the Caribbean, The Haunted Mansion, Adventure Through Inner Space, If You Had Wings, and many other classic attractions
  • Bill Cottrell – Known as 'Uncle Bill'. He was the First President of WDI and later became President of Retlaw
  • Thierry Coup – a former imagineer, now working Senior Vice President of Universal Creative. Coup worked on the 1990s redevelopment of Tomorrowland at Disneyland, as well as working on the original designs of Discoveryland at Disneyland Paris, Space Mountain: De la Terre à la Lune, Armageddon – Les Effets Speciaux and Moteurs... Action! Stunt Show Spectacular.[53]
  • Jim Crouch – Significant contributions to all Disney Parks in regards to paint and sculptures. He is one of the doomed groomsmen in the Haunted Mansion attractions attic scene. His production paintings in the park include the Ghost Host in the Walt Disney World Haunted Mansion and paintings of infamous pirates along the Disneyland attractions queue walls, among others.
  • Rolly Crump – Known for his re-design of Disneyland's Adventureland Bazaar, the Tower of the Four Winds kinetic sculpture, and much of Epcot; noted for his richly stylized design style
  • Alice Estes Davis – Designed Costumes for Audio-Animatronics in many rides including "it's a small world" and Flight to the Moon
  • Marc Davis – Distinguished Imagineer noted for his stylized character design and comedic "sight gags;" designed most of the characters in The Jungle Cruise, The Enchanted Tiki Room, Pirates of the Caribbean, Haunted Mansion, Carousel of Progress, Country Bear Jamboree, America Sings, and many other classic attractions.
  • Steve Davison – Most noted for his work on Disney entertainment spectaculars, such as parades, firework displays, and Disney California Adventure Park's World of Color
  • John Decuir, Jr. – Project Designer on Contemporary Hotel, Polynesian Hotel, Space Ship Earth, Communicore and Master Planning for EPCOT-World Showcase.
  • Morgan "Bill" Evans – served as Chief of Landscape for Disneyland, especially noted for his unusual and innovative landscape design for Disneyland's Jungle Cruise
  • Bran Ferren – Disney bought his design & engineering firm Associates & Ferren in 1993 and merged it into Imagineering, where he rose to President of Research and Development by 1997. Ferren left in 2000 to start Applied Minds, Inc. around the block from Imagineering with fellow Imagineer Danny Hillis.
  • Joe Fowler – Helped design both Disneyland and Walt Disney World
  • Blaine Gibson – Chief sculptor who created many Audio-Animatronics figures, including most in the Hall of Presidents, as well as the "Partners" statue found in the hubs of Disneyland and Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom
  • Yale Gracey – Best known for the invention of special effects and new attraction technologies, most famously for the Haunted Mansion.
  • Bob Gurr – Responsible for the designing of ride vehicles for much of Disneyland's history.
  • Clem Hall – Responsible for concept designs and artwork for EPCOT, Big Thunder Mountain, The American Adventure and various other pavillions at the WDW and Disneyland theme parks.
  • John Hench – Most famous work is Space Mountain's exterior design; also worked on Pirates of the Caribbean, Haunted Mansion, Spaceship Earth, and the overall design of EPCOT Center, in addition to multiple other projects. Worked also on the selection of color palettes for many of the projects during his lifetime.
  • Alan Horais – Spent close to 20 years with Walt Disney Imagineering where he was Senior Principle Production Designer where he led Hong Kong Disneyland's Tomorrowland project and was responsible for concept, art direction, and production. He was also responsible for vehicle design, engineering and the overall success of various Disney projects at Epcot and Downtown Disney. After Disney, Al was Chief Design Engineer for Scenario Design and then, Creative Director for Thinkwell Design.
  • Richard Irvine – Master of Planning and designing attractions.
  • Fred Joerger – A master of the Model Shop, where he created hundreds of concept miniatures for proposed attractions, Joerger was also called upon to create full-sized rock, cavern, and mountain environments in such attractions as The Jungle Cruise, Matterhorn Bobsleds, The Pirates of the Caribbean, Big Thunder Mountain Railroad, and the Canadian Rockies at EPCOT Center. Joerger worked on Disneyland, the Disney-produced exhibits at the 1964 World's Fair, Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom park, Disney's Polynesian Village Hotel (two-story waterfall in lobby), Walt Disney World's River Country water park, EPCOT Center, and Tokyo Disneyland.
  • Bill Justice – Programmed figures for several Disney attractions such as Pirates of the Caribbean, the Haunted Mansion, and Country Bear Jamboree.
  • Steve Kirk – The lead designer of Tokyo DisneySea, considered by many to be the finest theme park ever built.
  • Bill Martin – Helped Design the Monorail, Fantasyland attractions, Pirates of the Caribbean and Walt Disney World.
  • Sam McKim – Responsible for creating sketches of the early Disneyland attractions including Main Street, U.S.A.
  • Bill Novey – Helped create the special effects business for themed attractions by creating a special effects department for WED Enterprises in the 1970s. Oversaw the effects for Epcot Center and Tokyo Disneyland. At Disney he invented over 300 projectors and helped inspire a new wave of special effects and innovations including first use of holograms and vector-scanning laser projections in a theme park.[54]
  • Randy Pausch – A former Imagineer and professor of human-computer interaction, he worked on The Magic Carpets of Aladdin ride, during his sabbatical year from the University of Virginia, as part of Bran Ferren's R&D group. Afterwards, he continued working with WDI as a consultant. Randy talks about his childhood dream of becoming an imagineer for Walt Disney in his book The Last Lecture.
  • Wathel Rogers – Known for programming and designing Audio-Animatronics
  • Joe Rohde – Chief designer for Disney's Animal Kingdom, as well as many of Disney's resort hotels; noted for his distinctly exotic style, use of elaborate detail, and penchant for cultural accuracy
  • Herb Ryman – Noted for his numerous and distinctive conceptual renderings, many of which served as the principally guiding concepts for Disney attractions and environments
  • Richard and Robert Sherman – Created musical scores such as "There's a Great Big Beautiful Tomorrow" from the Carousel of Progress, "it's a small world" from the attraction of the same name, and "In the Tiki Tiki Tiki Room" from Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room.
  • Marty Sklar – served as scriptwriter and various other leadership roles in Walt Disney Imagineering; had a hand in the design of nearly every Disney theme park ever built
  • Stanley "Mickey" Steinberg – served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Walt Disney Imagineering responsible for the development, design and construction of all Disney theme parks during a huge construction boom in the late 1980s to the mid-1990s.
  • Mark Sumner – Designed the ride vehicle mechanism for Soarin' that lifts guests in the air as a simulated hang glide flight
  • Bob Weis – Lead designer of Disney's Hollywood Studios, Shanghai Disneyland, and the $1.1 billion renovation of Disney California Adventure Park
  • Russell Larsen – Landscape Architect for Disney's Animal Kingdom's Pandora – The World of Avatar, Disney California Adventure Park's Cars Land, and more.

Other works

Books

  • Hench, John, with Peggy Van Pelt. Designing Disney: Imagineering and the Art of the Show. Disney Editions, 2003, ISBN 0-7868-5406-5.
  • Imagineers, The. Walt Disney Imagineering: A Behind the Dreams Look At Making the Magic Real. Disney Editions, 1996, ISBN 0-7868-6246-7 (hardcover); 1998, ISBN 0-7868-8372-3 (paperback).
  • Imagineers, The. Walt Disney Imagineering: A Behind the Dreams Look at Making More Magic Real. Disney Editions, 2010, ISBN 1-4231-0766-7 (hardcover).
  • Imagineers, The. The Imagineering Way: Ideas to Ignite Your Creativity. Disney Editions, 2003, ISBN 0-7868-5401-4.
  • Imagineers, The (as "The Disney Imagineers"). The Imagineering Workout: Exercises to Shape Your Creative Muscles. Disney Editions, 2005, ISBN 0-7868-5554-1.
  • Imagineers, The. The Imagineering Field Guide to Disneyland. Disney Editions, 2008, ISBN 1-4231-0975-9, ISBN 978-1-4231-0975-4.
  • Imagineers, The. The Imagineering Field Guide to Animal Kingdom at Walt Disney World. Disney Editions, 2007, ISBN 1-4231-0320-3, ISBN 978-1-4231-0320-2.
  • Imagineers, The. The Imagineering Field Guide to Epcot at Walt Disney World. Disney Editions, 2006, ISBN 0-7868-4886-3.
  • Imagineers, The. The Imagineering Field Guide to Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World. Disney Editions, 2005, ISBN 0-7868-5553-3.
  • Kurtti, Jeff. Walt Disney's Legends of Imagineering and the Genesis of the Disney Theme Park. Disney Editions, 2006, ISBN 0-7868-5559-2.
  • Alcorn, Steve and David Green. Building a Better Mouse: The Story of the Electronic Imagineers Who Designed Epcot. Themeperks Press, 2007, ISBN 0-9729777-3-2.
  • Surrell, Jason. The Disney Mountains: Imagineering at Its Peak. Disney Editions, 2007, ISBN 1-4231-0155-3
  • Ghez, Didier; Littaye, Alain; Translated into English by Cohn, Danielle. Disneyland Paris From Sketch To Reality. Nouveau Millénaire Editions, 2002, ISBN 2-9517883-1-2
  • Surrell, Jason. Pirates of the Caribbean: From The Magic Kingdom To The Movies. Disney Editions, 2007, ISBN 1-4176-9274-X, ISBN 978-1-4176-9274-3.
  • Surrell, Jason. The Haunted Mansion: From The Magic Kingdom To The Movies. Disney Editions, 2003, ISBN 978-0-7868-5419-6

Videos

Disney Educational Products created The Science of Disney Imagineering, a series of 11 videos made around 2010. Each episode was hosted by Imagineer Asa Kalama,[55] and focused on a different science subject. Each episode featured at least one Disney attraction, which features the science subject as a main element of the attraction, to help explain the subject. The series featured episodes about Gravity, Trajectory, Levers & Pulleys, Fluids, Energy, Design & Models, Magnetism, Motion, Animal Adaptations: Communication, Friction, and Electricity.[56]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Wright, Alex; Imagineers (2005). The Imagineering Field Guide to Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World. New York: Disney Editions. ISBN 0786855533.
  2. ^ a b c Blankstein, Andrew (March 14, 2000). "Disney Reveals Plans for $2-Billion Glendale Project". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "IMAGINEERING - Trademark Details". Justia Trademarks. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  4. ^ a b Aberdeen, J. A. (2000). "Disneyland". Hollywood Renegades. Cobblestone Entertainment. ISBN 1-890110-24-8. Archived from the original on April 27, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2015. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b Peltz, James F. (October 2, 1990). "The Wonderful World of Disney's Other Firm : Entertainment: Walt Disney created a separate company for his family. Retlaw Enterprises is now worth hundreds of millions". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 3, 2014. Retrieved July 19, 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Blankstein, Andrew (September 2, 1999). "Disney Plans to Build Major 'Creative Campus' in Glendale". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Broggie, Michael (1997). Walt Disney's Railroad Story. Pentrex. p. 174. ISBN 1563420090.
  8. ^ Smith, Dave (1998). Disney A to Z — The Updated Official Encyclopedia. Hyperion Books. pp. 467, 601. ISBN 0786863919.
  9. ^ Stewart, James (2005). Disney War. Simon & Schuster. p. 41.
  10. ^ Gabler, Neal (2006). Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination. Knopf. p. 629.
  11. ^ "Walt Disney Imagineering". D23: Disney A to Z. The Walt Disney Company. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Matzer, Marla (August 28, 1997). "It Didn't Play in Puyallup, so Disney Tries Singapore". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved September 23, 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Blankstein, Andrew (March 14, 2000). "New Disney Campus in Glendale to Hire 10,000". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 18, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Wang, Christine (March 14, 2018). "Disney announces strategic reorganization, effective immediately". CNBC. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  15. ^ a b c George Scribner and Jerry Rees (Directors) (2007). Disneyland: Secrets, Stories, and Magic (DVD). Walt Disney Video.
  16. ^ a b Marling, Karal (1997). Designing Disney's Theme Parks. Paris — New York: Flammarion.
  17. ^ The Way We Do Business. Walt Disney Imagineering Workshop 1991. Walt Disney Imagineering, The Disney Development Company. April 25–26, 1991. Archived from the original on September 21, 2016. Retrieved September 15, 2016. {{cite conference}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "The Walt Disney Company Home — Jobs and Careers". Archived from the original on November 2, 2005. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ "Disney Autonomatronics Figure Can Sense If You're Happy". Disney Parks Blog. Archived from the original on November 11, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ a b Hench, John; Peggy Van Pelt (2003). Designing Disney: Imagineering and the Art of the Show. New York: Disney Editions.
  21. ^ Barnes, Brooks (October 13, 2009). "Disney's Retail Plan Is a Theme Park in Its Stores". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2009Template:Inconsistent citations {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  22. ^ a b Trowbridge, Scott (May 22, 2018). "Opening Season Just Announced for Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge". Disney Parks Blog.
  23. ^ Corless, Tom (September 27, 2018). "Tokyo DisneySea Shows New Artwork for "Soaring Fantastic Flight" Attraction, Opening 2019". WDW News Today.
  24. ^ Pointon, Geoffrey. "More Guest Experiences and Dining Options Coming to Disney's Coronado Springs and Caribbean Beach Resorts". Disney Parks Blog. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ Wallace, Topher (April 10, 2018). "PHOTO REPORT: Coronado Springs Ramps-Up Expansion; Massive New Building Taking Shape". WDW News Today. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  26. ^ "Disney Vacation Club Announces Next Planned Development: Disney Riviera Resort". www.prnewswire.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 17, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ Bevil, Dewayne. "Coming to Disney World: Tron, Guardians of the Galaxy ride, 'Star Wars' hotel". OrlandoSentinel.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 17, 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ Smith, Thomas. "Ant-Man and The Wasp: Nano Battle! Coming to Hong Kong Disneyland in 2019".
  29. ^ Smith, Thomas. "Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway Opens Next Year at Disney's Hollywood Studios". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  30. ^ Glover, Erin (March 12, 2018). "Transformation Around Every Corner at Pixar Pier with Jessie's Critter Carousel and More". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  31. ^ Ramirez, Michael. "Inside Out Emotional Whirlwind to Open in 2019 along Pixar Pier at Disney California Adventure Park". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
  32. ^ a b c "Tokyo Disney Resort Plans 'Beauty & The Beast,' 'Big Hero 6' Attractions". Disney Parks Blog. April 28, 2016.
  33. ^ a b c ""Moana: A Homecoming Celebration" Opens as the First New Experience of Hong Kong Disneyland's Multi-year Expansion". Hong Kong Disneyland. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  34. ^ Smith, Thomas (October 27, 2017). "Marvel Super Heroes Come to Disneyland Paris in Summer 2018". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
  35. ^ a b Glover, Erin (March 20, 2018). "Avengers and Other Super Heroes to Assemble in New Themed Areas at Disneyland Resort, Disneyland Paris and Hong Kong Disneyland". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  36. ^ Fickley-Baker, Jennifer. "Rock 'n' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith at Walt Disney Studios Park to Receive Marvel Transformation". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  37. ^ Fickley-Baker, Jennifer. "Attention Users: Tron Attraction Update Now Loading". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  38. ^ Smith, Thomas. "'Guardians of the Galaxy' Attraction at Epcot Will Be One of World's Longest Enclosed Coasters". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  39. ^ Barnes, Brooks (July 15, 2017). "Disney Vows to Give Epcot a Magical, Long-Overdue Makeover". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 15, 2017. Retrieved July 17, 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ Fickley-Baker, Jennifer. "'Guardians of the Galaxy' & 'Ratatouille' Attractions Coming to Epcot". Disney Parks Blog. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 17, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ a b c Frontado, Jonathan. "Disney Planning Not Two, But Three New Ships". Disney Parks Blog. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 17, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ Tribou, Richard. "Disney Cruise Line to grow to seven ships". OrlandoSentinel.com. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
  43. ^ Forgione, Mary (July 17, 2017). "It's full steam ahead for a seventh Disney cruise ship". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
  44. ^ "Transformative Multi-Year Expansion Announced for Disneyland Paris - The Walt Disney Company". The Walt Disney Company (Press release). February 27, 2018.
  45. ^ Smith, Thomas. "Largest Ever Tokyo DisneySea Expansion Brings a New Themed Port in 2022". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  46. ^ Fickley-Baker, Jennifer. "Update on the Star Wars Immersive Resort Planned for Walt Disney World Resort". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
  47. ^ Fickley-Baker, Jennifer. "12 Days of Disney Parks Christmas: New Images of the Disney Skyliner Transportation System". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
  48. ^ Fickley-Baker, Jennifer. "Space-Themed Restaurant Lands in Future World at Epcot". Disney Parks Blog. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
  49. ^ Merrick, Frank. "The Teaser is Coming!". usfirst.org. US FIRST. Archived from the original on October 15, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  50. ^ 2016 FIRST Robotics Competition Kickoff Broadcast. For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology. 2016. Event occurs at 28:50. Archived from the original on February 2, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2016. Of course, we had tremendous help in doing all of this from our friends at Walt Disney Imagineering. Not only did they produce the teaser for us, but they helped us keep the story of this game front and center. {{cite AV media}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  51. ^ "Disney names new head of Walt Disney Imagineering". The Orange County Register.[permanent dead link‍]
  52. ^ "Paying tribute to a Disney Imagineering legend". Los Angeles Times.
  53. ^ Coup, Thierry (September 2010). "Interview With Thierry Coup, VP of Universal Creative". DIS Unplugged (Interview).
  54. ^ "Bill Novey and the Business of Theme Park Special Effects". BloopLoop.com. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ "Meet Asa Kalama". disney.com. Disney. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  56. ^ "The Science of Disney Imagineering: Buy All 11 DVDs". dep-store.com. Disney. Archived from the original on January 26, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Further reading

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