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Zambian cuisine

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Nshima and beef relish from Proteas Hotel, Chingola, Zambia.
Nshima and beef relish from Proteas Hotel, Chingola, Zambia.

Zambian cuisine is heavily centered around nshima,[1] which is a food prepared from pounded white maize. Nshima is part of nearly every Zambian meal. In addition to nshima, Zambian cuisine includes various types of stew, cooked vegetables and different types of beer. Dried fish and insects are also eaten.[1]

About

Food

Zambia's staple food is maize.[2] Nshima makes up the main component of Zambian meals and is made from pounded white maize.[3][4] It is served with "relish", stew and vegetables and eaten by hand (preferably the right hand).[3][4] Nshima is eaten during lunch and dinner.[5] Nshima may be made at home, at food stalls and at restaurants.[4][6] In traditional communities, the making of nshima is a long process, which includes drying the maize, sorting the kernels, pounding it and then finally cooking it.[7]

The types of relish eaten with nshima can be very simple, such as chibwabwa, or pumpkin leaves.[6][6] Other names for the relish are katapa, kalembulaand tente.[5] The relish made with green vegetables is generally known as delele or thelele.[5] A unique way to create relish relies on cooking with chidulo and kutendela.[5] Chidulo is used in dishes made with green, leafy vegetables and also for wild mushrooms.[5] The chidulo is made of burnt, dry banana leaves, bean stalks or maize stalks and leaves.[5] The ashes are then collected, added to water and strained.[5] The resulting liquid tastes like vinegar.[5] Kutendela is a prepared peanut powder made of pounded raw peanuts and is added to the chidulo sauce.[5]

Ifisashi is another common food in Zambia.[8] It is a type of stew, made with greens and peanuts and served with nshima.[8] Ifisashi can be vegetarian or cooked meat can be added to the stew.[9] Samp is also eaten in Zambia.[10]

Kapenta, a small sardine from Lake Tanganyika has been introduced in lakes in Zambia.[11] The fish is caught and dried to be cooked later, or it can be cooked fresh.[11] Gizzards are also a popular delicacy in Zambia.[12]

Various insects are also eaten. These include stink bugs,[13] and mopani worms.[14]

Alcohol

In Zambia, traditional beer is made from maize.[15] Individual villages once brewed their own recipes and it was shared communally.[16] Maize beer is also brewed commercially in Lusaka, with Chibuku and Shake-Shake being popular brands.[17] [18] Other types of beer that are popular include Mosi and Rhino.[15] [18] The first Zambian beer festival was held on September 25, 2009 at the Barclays Sports Complex in Lusaka.[19]

History

See also: History of Zambia

The use of maize in dishes such as nsima or nshima happened during the latter half of the 20th century.[20]

The Bemba people, who live in what is now Zambia, traditionally ate what was available depending on weather patterns.[21] Bemba meals included a type of thick porridge made of millet called ubwali which was eaten with "relish" called umunani.[22] Ubwali was eaten with nearly every meal.[23] Umunani was most often a type of stew made with meat, fish, insects or vegetables.[24] The Bemba preferred to eat ubwali with only one type of relish at a time.[25] The stews made with meat and vegetables were cooked with salt and sometimes ground-nuts.[25] Generally, the Bemba did not eat raw food.[26] Overall, Bemba cooking was fairly plain in taste and only occasionally acidic or spicy.[27] Beer was an imprortant part of social events for the Bemba people and beer was brewed often during harvest months.[28][29]

Like the Bemba, the Chewa people also eat a porridge, called nsima, which is eaten with vegetables and used as a scoop.[7]

The Tonga people of the region have traditionally eaten insects which are cooked or dried.[30]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b Kapambwe, Mazuba. "9 Traditional Foods You Must Eat While You're in Zambia". Culture Trip. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
  2. ^ Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc. 2017 – via EBSCOhost.
  3. ^ a b "Baked Under The Zambian Sun - Interview with Mushemi Fire - Mushemi Fire". Meshemi Fire. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  4. ^ a b c Else 2002, p. 50.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Tembo, Mwizenge S. "Nshima and Ndiwo: Zambian Staple Food". Hunger For Culture. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  6. ^ a b c Else 2002, p. 93.
  7. ^ a b Gough, Amy (2004). "The Chewa". The Peoples of The World Foundation. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  8. ^ a b "Ifisashi". The Congo Cookbook. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  9. ^ Webb, Lois Sinaiko; Roten, Lindsay Grace (2009). The Multicultural Cookbook for Students, 2nd Edition. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 66. ISBN 9780313375590.
  10. ^ "Zambian Maize Staple Food". Zambia Advisor. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  11. ^ a b Nyakupfuka 2013, p. 69.
  12. ^ Nyakupfuka 2013, p. 120.
  13. ^ Nyakupfuka 2013, p. 73.
  14. ^ Nyakupfuka 2013, p. 33.
  15. ^ a b Else 2002, p. 94.
  16. ^ Else 2002, p. 94-95.
  17. ^ Else 2002, p. 95.
  18. ^ a b "Zambian Breweries PLC". ZambiaYP. Retrieved 2020-05-24.
  19. ^ "The First Zambia Beer Festival". Zambia Advisor. Archived from the original on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  20. ^ McCann 2009, p. 139.
  21. ^ McCann 2009, p. 18.
  22. ^ Richards 1939, p. 46.
  23. ^ Richards 1939, p. 47.
  24. ^ Richards 1939, p. 48-49.
  25. ^ a b Richards 1939, p. 49.
  26. ^ Richards 1939, p. 53.
  27. ^ Richards 1939, p. 54-55.
  28. ^ Richards 1939, p. 78.
  29. ^ Richards 1939, p. 79-80.
  30. ^ Siamonga, Elliot (24 August 2017). "Nutritious insects among the BaTonga". Celebrating Being Zimbabwean. Archived from the original on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 2018-02-18.

Sources

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