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* A study evaluating how distribution patterns of non-lithistid spiculate [[sponge]]s changed during the [[Cambrian explosion]] and the [[Ordovician radiation|Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event]] is published by Botting & Muir (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Joseph P. Botting |author2=Lucy A. Muir |year=2018 |title=Dispersal and endemic diversification: Differences in non-lithistid spiculate sponge faunas between the Cambrian Explosion and the GOBE |journal=Palaeoworld |volume=in press |issue= |pages= |doi=10.1016/j.palwor.2018.03.002 }}</ref>
* A study evaluating how distribution patterns of non-lithistid spiculate [[sponge]]s changed during the [[Cambrian explosion]] and the [[Ordovician radiation|Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event]] is published by Botting & Muir (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Joseph P. Botting |author2=Lucy A. Muir |year=2018 |title=Dispersal and endemic diversification: Differences in non-lithistid spiculate sponge faunas between the Cambrian Explosion and the GOBE |journal=Palaeoworld |volume=in press |issue= |pages= |doi=10.1016/j.palwor.2018.03.002 }}</ref>
* Diverse, abundant sponge fossils from the Ordovician–Silurian boundary interval are reported from seven localities in South China by Botting ''et al.'' (2018), who produce a model for the distribution and preservation of the sponge fauna.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Joseph P. Botting |author2=Lucy A. Muir |author3=Wenhui Wang |author4=Wenkun Qie |author5=Jingqiang Tan |author6=Linna Zhang |author7=Yuandong Zhang |year=2018 |title=Sponge-dominated offshore benthic ecosystems across South China in the aftermath of the end-Ordovician mass extinction |journal=Gondwana Research |volume=in press |pages= |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2018.04.014 }}</ref>
* Diverse, abundant sponge fossils from the Ordovician–Silurian boundary interval are reported from seven localities in South China by Botting ''et al.'' (2018), who produce a model for the distribution and preservation of the sponge fauna.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Joseph P. Botting |author2=Lucy A. Muir |author3=Wenhui Wang |author4=Wenkun Qie |author5=Jingqiang Tan |author6=Linna Zhang |author7=Yuandong Zhang |year=2018 |title=Sponge-dominated offshore benthic ecosystems across South China in the aftermath of the end-Ordovician mass extinction |journal=Gondwana Research |volume=in press |pages= |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2018.04.014 }}</ref>
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil [[demosponge]]s is published by Schuster ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Astrid Schuster |author2=Sergio Vargas |author3=Ingrid S. Knapp |author4=Shirley A. Pomponi |author5=Robert J. Toonen |author6=Dirk Erpenbeck |author7=Gert Wörheide |year=2018 |title=Divergence times in demosponges (Porifera): first insights from new mitogenomes and the inclusion of fossils in a birth-death clock model |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=18 |pages=114 |doi=10.1186/s12862-018-1230-1 }}</ref>
* An assemblage of animal fossils, including the oldest known [[Pterobranchia|pterobranchs]], preserved in the form of [[small carbonaceous fossil]]s is described from the Cambrian [[Buen Formation]] ([[Greenland]]) by Slater ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ben J. Slater |author2=Sebastian Willman |author3=Graham E. Budd |author4=John S. Peel |year=2018 |title=Widespread preservation of small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs) in the early Cambrian of North Greenland |journal=Geology |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=107–110 |doi=10.1130/G39788.1 }}</ref>
* An assemblage of animal fossils, including the oldest known [[Pterobranchia|pterobranchs]], preserved in the form of [[small carbonaceous fossil]]s is described from the Cambrian [[Buen Formation]] ([[Greenland]]) by Slater ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Ben J. Slater |author2=Sebastian Willman |author3=Graham E. Budd |author4=John S. Peel |year=2018 |title=Widespread preservation of small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs) in the early Cambrian of North Greenland |journal=Geology |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=107–110 |doi=10.1130/G39788.1 }}</ref>
* Description of new morphological features of the Cambrian [[Mobergellidae|mobergellan]] ''[[Discinella micans]]'' is published by Skovsted & Topper (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Christian B. Skovsted |author2=Timothy P. Topper |year=2018 |title=Mobergellans from the early Cambrian of Greenland and Labrador: new morphological details and implications for the functional morphology of mobergellans |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=92 |issue=1 |pages=71–79 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2017.41 }}</ref>
* Description of new morphological features of the Cambrian [[Mobergellidae|mobergellan]] ''[[Discinella micans]]'' is published by Skovsted & Topper (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Christian B. Skovsted |author2=Timothy P. Topper |year=2018 |title=Mobergellans from the early Cambrian of Greenland and Labrador: new morphological details and implications for the functional morphology of mobergellans |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=92 |issue=1 |pages=71–79 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2017.41 }}</ref>
Line 6,131: Line 6,132:
* A study on the environmental changes during the global warming following the brief impact winter at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, based on geochemical, micropaleontological and palynological data from Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary sections in [[Texas]], [[Denmark]] and [[Spain]], is published by Vellekoop ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Johan Vellekoop |author2=Lineke Woelders |author3=Niels A.G.M. van Helmond |author4=Simone Galeotti |author5=Jan Smit |author6=Caroline P. Slomp |author7=Henk Brinkhuis |author8=Philippe Claeys |author9=Robert P. Speijer |year=2018 |title=Shelf hypoxia in response to global warming after the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary impact |journal=Geology |volume=in press |issue= |pages= |doi=10.1130/G45000.1 }}</ref>
* A study on the environmental changes during the global warming following the brief impact winter at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, based on geochemical, micropaleontological and palynological data from Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary sections in [[Texas]], [[Denmark]] and [[Spain]], is published by Vellekoop ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Johan Vellekoop |author2=Lineke Woelders |author3=Niels A.G.M. van Helmond |author4=Simone Galeotti |author5=Jan Smit |author6=Caroline P. Slomp |author7=Henk Brinkhuis |author8=Philippe Claeys |author9=Robert P. Speijer |year=2018 |title=Shelf hypoxia in response to global warming after the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary impact |journal=Geology |volume=in press |issue= |pages= |doi=10.1130/G45000.1 }}</ref>
* A record of [[foraminifera]], calcareous nannoplankton, trace fossils and elemental abundance data from within the Chicxulub crater, dated to approximately the first 200,000 years of the [[Paleocene]], is presented by Lowery ''et al.'' (2018), who report evidence indicating that life reappeared in the basin just years after the Chicxulub impact and a high-productivity ecosystem was established within 30,000 years.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Christopher M. Lowery |author2=Timothy J. Bralower |author3=Jeremy D. Owens |author4=Francisco J. Rodríguez-Tovar |author5=Heather Jones |author6=Jan Smit |author7=Michael T. Whalen |author8=Phillipe Claeys |author9=Kenneth Farley |author10=Sean P. S. Gulick |author11=Joanna V. Morgan |author12=Sophie Green |author13=Elise Chenot |author14=Gail L. Christeson |author15=Charles S. Cockell |author16=Marco J. L. Coolen |author17=Ludovic Ferrière |author18=Catalina Gebhardt |author19=Kazuhisa Goto |author20=David A. Kring |author21=Johanna Lofi |author22=Rubén Ocampo-Torres |author23=Ligia Perez-Cruz |author24=Annemarie E. Pickersgill |author25=Michael H. Poelchau |author26=Auriol S. P. Rae |author27=Cornelia Rasmussen |author28=Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra |author29=Ulrich Riller |author30=Honami Sato |author31=Sonia M. Tikoo |author32=Naotaka Tomioka |author33=Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi |author34=Johan Vellekoop |author35=Axel Wittmann |author36=Long Xiao |author37=Kosei E. Yamaguchi |author38=William Zylberman |year=2018 |title=Rapid recovery of life at ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction |journal=Nature |volume=558 |issue=7709 |pages=288–291 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0163-6 |pmid=29849143 }}</ref>
* A record of [[foraminifera]], calcareous nannoplankton, trace fossils and elemental abundance data from within the Chicxulub crater, dated to approximately the first 200,000 years of the [[Paleocene]], is presented by Lowery ''et al.'' (2018), who report evidence indicating that life reappeared in the basin just years after the Chicxulub impact and a high-productivity ecosystem was established within 30,000 years.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Christopher M. Lowery |author2=Timothy J. Bralower |author3=Jeremy D. Owens |author4=Francisco J. Rodríguez-Tovar |author5=Heather Jones |author6=Jan Smit |author7=Michael T. Whalen |author8=Phillipe Claeys |author9=Kenneth Farley |author10=Sean P. S. Gulick |author11=Joanna V. Morgan |author12=Sophie Green |author13=Elise Chenot |author14=Gail L. Christeson |author15=Charles S. Cockell |author16=Marco J. L. Coolen |author17=Ludovic Ferrière |author18=Catalina Gebhardt |author19=Kazuhisa Goto |author20=David A. Kring |author21=Johanna Lofi |author22=Rubén Ocampo-Torres |author23=Ligia Perez-Cruz |author24=Annemarie E. Pickersgill |author25=Michael H. Poelchau |author26=Auriol S. P. Rae |author27=Cornelia Rasmussen |author28=Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra |author29=Ulrich Riller |author30=Honami Sato |author31=Sonia M. Tikoo |author32=Naotaka Tomioka |author33=Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi |author34=Johan Vellekoop |author35=Axel Wittmann |author36=Long Xiao |author37=Kosei E. Yamaguchi |author38=William Zylberman |year=2018 |title=Rapid recovery of life at ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction |journal=Nature |volume=558 |issue=7709 |pages=288–291 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0163-6 |pmid=29849143 }}</ref>
* Evidence from sulfur-isotope data indicative of a large-scale ocean deoxygenation during the [[Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum]] is presented by Yao, Paytan & Wortmann (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Weiqi Yao |author2=Adina Paytan |author3=Ulrich G. Wortmann |year=2018 |title=Large-scale ocean deoxygenation during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum |journal=Science |volume=in press |issue= |pages= |doi=10.1126/science.aar8658 }}</ref>
* A study on the tropical sea-surface temperatures in the [[Eocene]] is published by Evans ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=David Evans |author2=Navjit Sagoo |author3=Willem Renema |author4=Laura J. Cotton |author5=Wolfgang Müller |author6=Jonathan A. Todd |author7=Pratul Kumar Saraswati |author8=Peter Stassen |author9=Martin Ziegler |author10=Paul N. Pearson |author11=Paul J. Valdes |author12=Hagit P. Affek |year=2018 |title=Eocene greenhouse climate revealed by coupled clumped isotope-Mg/Ca thermometry |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=6 |pages=1174–1179 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1714744115 |pmid=29358374 |pmc=5819407 }}</ref>
* A study on the tropical sea-surface temperatures in the [[Eocene]] is published by Evans ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=David Evans |author2=Navjit Sagoo |author3=Willem Renema |author4=Laura J. Cotton |author5=Wolfgang Müller |author6=Jonathan A. Todd |author7=Pratul Kumar Saraswati |author8=Peter Stassen |author9=Martin Ziegler |author10=Paul N. Pearson |author11=Paul J. Valdes |author12=Hagit P. Affek |year=2018 |title=Eocene greenhouse climate revealed by coupled clumped isotope-Mg/Ca thermometry |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=115 |issue=6 |pages=1174–1179 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1714744115 |pmid=29358374 |pmc=5819407 }}</ref>
* A continuous Eocene equatorial sea surface temperature record is presented by Cramwinckel ''et al.'' (2018), who also construct a 26-million-year multi-proxy, multi-site stack of Eocene tropical climate evolution.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Margot J. Cramwinckel |author2=Matthew Huber |author3=Ilja J. Kocken |author4=Claudia Agnini |author5=Peter K. Bijl |author6=Steven M. Bohaty |author7=Joost Frieling |author8=Aaron Goldner |author9=Frederik J. Hilgen |author10=Elizabeth L. Kip |author11=Francien Peterse |author12=Robin van der Ploeg |author13=Ursula Röhl |author14=Stefan Schouten |author15=Appy Sluijs |year=2018 |title=Synchronous tropical and polar temperature evolution in the Eocene |journal=Nature |volume=559 |issue=7714 |pages=382–386 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0272-2 |pmid=29967546 }}</ref>
* A continuous Eocene equatorial sea surface temperature record is presented by Cramwinckel ''et al.'' (2018), who also construct a 26-million-year multi-proxy, multi-site stack of Eocene tropical climate evolution.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Margot J. Cramwinckel |author2=Matthew Huber |author3=Ilja J. Kocken |author4=Claudia Agnini |author5=Peter K. Bijl |author6=Steven M. Bohaty |author7=Joost Frieling |author8=Aaron Goldner |author9=Frederik J. Hilgen |author10=Elizabeth L. Kip |author11=Francien Peterse |author12=Robin van der Ploeg |author13=Ursula Röhl |author14=Stefan Schouten |author15=Appy Sluijs |year=2018 |title=Synchronous tropical and polar temperature evolution in the Eocene |journal=Nature |volume=559 |issue=7714 |pages=382–386 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0272-2 |pmid=29967546 }}</ref>
Line 6,163: Line 6,165:
* A novel non-invasive and label-free [[Tomography|tomographic]] approach to reconstruct the three-dimensional architecture of [[microfossils]] based on stimulated [[Raman scattering]] is presented by Golreihan ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Asefeh Golreihan |author2=Christian Steuwe |author3=Lineke Woelders |author4=Arne Deprez |author5=Yasuhiko Fujita |author6=Johan Vellekoop |author7=Rudy Swennen |author8=Maarten B. J. Roeffaers |year=2018 |title=Improving preservation state assessment of carbonate microfossils in paleontological research using label-free stimulated Raman imaging |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=e0199695 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0199695 |pmid=29995961 }}</ref>
* A novel non-invasive and label-free [[Tomography|tomographic]] approach to reconstruct the three-dimensional architecture of [[microfossils]] based on stimulated [[Raman scattering]] is presented by Golreihan ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Asefeh Golreihan |author2=Christian Steuwe |author3=Lineke Woelders |author4=Arne Deprez |author5=Yasuhiko Fujita |author6=Johan Vellekoop |author7=Rudy Swennen |author8=Maarten B. J. Roeffaers |year=2018 |title=Improving preservation state assessment of carbonate microfossils in paleontological research using label-free stimulated Raman imaging |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=e0199695 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0199695 |pmid=29995961 }}</ref>
* Mürer ''et al.'' (2018) report on the results of the use of a combination of [[X-ray diffraction]] and [[computed tomography]] to gain insight into the microstructure of fossil bones of ''[[Eusthenopteron]] foordi'' and ''[[Discosauriscus]] austriacus''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Fredrik K. Mürer |author2=Sophie Sanchez |author3=Michelle Álvarez-Murga |author4=Marco Di Michiel |author5=Franz Pfeiffer |author6=Martin Bech |author7=Dag W. Breiby |year=2018 |title=3D maps of mineral composition and hydroxyapatite orientation in fossil bone samples obtained by X-ray diffraction computed tomography |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |pages=Article number 10052 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-28269-1 |pmid=29968761 |pmc=6030225 }}</ref>
* Mürer ''et al.'' (2018) report on the results of the use of a combination of [[X-ray diffraction]] and [[computed tomography]] to gain insight into the microstructure of fossil bones of ''[[Eusthenopteron]] foordi'' and ''[[Discosauriscus]] austriacus''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Fredrik K. Mürer |author2=Sophie Sanchez |author3=Michelle Álvarez-Murga |author4=Marco Di Michiel |author5=Franz Pfeiffer |author6=Martin Bech |author7=Dag W. Breiby |year=2018 |title=3D maps of mineral composition and hydroxyapatite orientation in fossil bone samples obtained by X-ray diffraction computed tomography |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |pages=Article number 10052 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-28269-1 |pmid=29968761 |pmc=6030225 }}</ref>
* A mechanistic model that simulates the history of life on the South American continent, driven by modeled climates of the past 800,000 years, is presented by Rangel ''et al.'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Thiago F. Rangel |author2=Neil R. Edwards |author3=Philip B. Holden |author4=José Alexandre F. Diniz-Filho |author5=William D. Gosling |author6=Marco Túlio P. Coelho |author7=Fernanda A. S. Cassemiro |author8=Carsten Rahbek |author9=Robert K. Colwell |year=2018 |title=Modeling the ecology and evolution of biodiversity: Biogeographical cradles, museums, and graves |journal=Science |volume=361 |issue=6399 |pages=eaar5452 |doi=10.1126/science.aar5452 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:29, 19 July 2018

List of years in paleontology (table)
In science
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
+...

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2018.

Plants

Main article: 2018 in paleobotany

Cnidarians

Research

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Actinoseris riyadhensis[4]

Sp. nov

In press

Gameil, El-Sorogy & Al-Kahtany

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Aruma Formation

 Saudi Arabia

A solitary coral.

Asteroseris arabica[4]

Sp. nov

In press

Gameil, El-Sorogy & Al-Kahtany

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Aruma Formation

 Saudi Arabia

A solitary coral.

Cambrorhytium gracilis[5]

Sp. nov

Valid

Chang et al.

Early Cambrian

 China

Catenipora jingyangensis[6]

Sp. nov

In press

Liang, Elias & Lee

Late Ordovician

 China

A tabulate coral.

Catenipora tiewadianensis[6]

Sp. nov

In press

Liang, Elias & Lee

Late Ordovician

 China

A tabulate coral.

Catenipora tongchuanensis[6]

Sp. nov

In press

Liang, Elias & Lee

Ordovician (Sandbian)

Jinghe Formation

 China

A tabulate coral.

Cunnolites (Plesiocunnolites) riyadhensis[4]

Sp. nov

In press

Gameil, El-Sorogy & Al-Kahtany

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Aruma Formation

 Saudi Arabia

A solitary coral.

Kozaniastrea[7]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Löser, Steuber & Löser

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

 Greece

A stony coral belonging to the superfamily Felixaraeoidea and the family Lamellofungiidae. The type species is K. pachysepta.

Opolestraea[8]

Gen. et comb. nov

In press

Morycowa

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

Karchowice Beds

 Poland

A stony coral belonging to the family Eckastraeidae. The type species is "Coelocoenia" exporrecta Weissermel (1925).

Plesiolites[7]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Löser, Steuber & Löser

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

 Greece

A stony coral belonging to the superfamily Misistelloidea. The type species is P. winnii.

Styloheterocoenia[7]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Löser, Steuber & Löser

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

 Greece

A stony coral belonging to the superfamily Heterocoenioidea and the family Heterocoeniidae. The type species is S. hellenensis; genus also includes S. brunni.

Xystriphylloides distinctus[9]

Sp. nov

Valid

Yu

Early Devonian

 China

A rugose coral.

Arthropods

Main article: 2018 in arthropod paleontology

Brachiopods

Research

  • Studies on the ontogenetic development of early acrotretoid brachiopods based on well preserved specimens of the earliest Cambrian species Eohadrotreta zhenbaensis and Eohadrotreta? zhujiahensis from the Shuijingtuo Formation (China) are published by Zhang et al. (2018).[10][11]
  • A study on the body size of several brachiopod assemblages recorded into the extinction interval prior to the Toarcian turnover, collected from representative localities around the Iberian Massif (Spain and Portugal), is published by García Joral, Baeza-Carratalá & Goy (2018).[12]

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Adygella socotrana[13]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gaetani in Gaetani et al.

Middle Triassic

 Yemen

A member of Terebratulida belonging to the family Dielasmatidae.

Ahtiella famatiniana[14]

Sp. nov

Valid

Benedetto

Ordovician

 Argentina

Ahtiella tunaensis[14]

Sp. nov

Valid

Benedetto

Ordovician

 Argentina

Broggeria omaguaca[15]

Sp. nov

Valid

Benedetto, Lavie & Muñoz

Ordovician (Tremadocian)

 Argentina

Cyrtiorina houi[16]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zong & Ma

Devonian (Famennian)

Hongguleleng Formation

 China

A brachiopod belonging to the group Spiriferida.

Datnella[17]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Baranov

Early Devonian

 Russia

A member of Atrypida. The type species is D. datnensis (Baranov, 1995).

Jagtithyris[18]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Simon & Mottequin

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

 Netherlands

A relative of Leptothyrellopsis, assigned to the new family Jagtithyrididae. Genus includes "Terebratella (Morrisia?)" suessi Bosquet (1859).

Kukulkanus[19]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Torres-Martínez, Sour-Tovar & Barragán

Permian (Artinskian–Kungurian)

Paso Hondo Formation

 Mexico

A brachiopod belonging to the group Productida and the family Productidae. The type species is K. spinosus.

Misunithyris[20]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Baeza-Carratalá, Pérez-Valera & Pérez-Valera

Middle Triassic (Ladinian)

Siles Formation

 Spain

A brachiopod belonging to the group Terebratellidina and to the superfamily Zeillerioidea. The type species is M. goyi.

Musalitinispira[17]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Baranov

Early Devonian

 Russia

A member of Atrypida. The type species is M. dogdensis.

Schizambon langei[21]

Sp. nov

Valid

Freeman, Miller & Dattilo

Cambrian–Ordovician boundary

 United States
( Texas)

A linguliform brachiopod.

Spinatrypina (Spinatrypina) krivensis[17]

Sp. nov

Valid

Baranov

Early Devonian

 Russia

A member of Atrypida.

Zaigunrostrum nakhichevanense[22]

Sp. nov

Valid

Pakhnevich

Devonian (Famennian)

 Azerbaijan

A brachiopod belonging to the group Rhynchonellida and the family Trigonirhynchiidae.

Zezinia[22]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Pakhnevich

Devonian (Frasnian)

 Azerbaijan

A brachiopod belonging to the group Rhynchonellida and the family Uncinulidae. The type species is Z. multicostata.

Molluscs

Main article: 2018 in paleomalacology

Echinoderms

Research

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Amphiope caronei[33]

Sp. nov

Valid

Stara & Marini

Miocene (late Tortonian)

 Italy

A sand dollar belonging to the family Astriclypeidae.

Anomalocrinus astrictus[34]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ausich et al.

Ordovician (Katian)

Brechin Lagerstätte

 Canada
( Ontario)

A disparid crinoid belonging to the family Anomalocrinidae.

Antiquaster apertisulcus[35]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gladwell

Silurian (Ludlow)

Leintwardine Beds

 United Kingdom

A stenurid brittle star.

Arabicodiadema romani[36]

Sp. nov

Valid

Smith & Jagt in Jagt et al.

Cretaceous

Dhalqut Formation

 Oman

A sea urchin.

Archaeocrinus maraensis[37]

Sp. nov

Valid

Cole et al.

Ordovician (Katian)

 Canada
( Ontario)

A camerate crinoid.

Archaeocrinus sundayae[37]

Sp. nov

Valid

Cole et al.

Ordovician (Katian)

 Canada
( Ontario)

A camerate crinoid.

Artichthyocrinus limani[38]

Sp. nov

Valid

Mao et al.

Permian (Asselian)

Taiyuan Formation

 China

A crinoid.

Assericrinus[39]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (early Campanian)

 United Kingdom

A crinoid. The type species is A. portusadernensis.

Bdellacoma fortispina[35]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gladwell

Silurian (Ludlow)

Leintwardine Beds

 United Kingdom

A stenurid brittle star.

Becuaster[40]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Gale

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)

 France

A starfish belonging to the family Korethrasteridae. The type species is B. fusiliformis

Betelgeusia brezinai[41]

Sp. nov

Valid

Blake, Halligan & Larson

Late Cretaceous

 United States
( South Dakota)

Binocalix[42]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

McDermott & Paul

Late Ordovician

 United Kingdom

An aristocystitid diploporite. Genus includes new species B. dichotomus.

Birgenelocrinus jagti[43]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale in Gale, Sadorf & Jagt

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Peedee Formation

 United States
( North Carolina)

A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida.

Brezinacantha[44]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Thuy et al.

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Pierre Shale

 United States
( South Dakota)

A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is B. tolis.

Camachoaster[45]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Mooi et al.

Early Miocene

Chenque Formation

 Argentina

A sand dollar belonging to the group Scutelliformes. The type species is C. maquedensis

Cleiocrinus lepidotus[37]

Sp. nov

Valid

Cole et al.

Ordovician (Katian)

 Canada
( Ontario)

A camerate crinoid.

Elgaecrinus[46]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Rozhnov

Devonian (Lochkovian)

Katnikov Beds

 Russia
( Sverdlovsk Oblast)

A cladid crinoid related to Crotalocrinites. The type species is E. uralicus

Goniopygus dhalqutensis[36]

Sp. nov

Valid

Smith & Jagt in Jagt et al.

Cretaceous

Dhalqut Formation

 Oman

A sea urchin.

Hansaster[40]

Gen. et comb. nov

In press

Gale

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)

 France
 Germany
  Switzerland

A starfish belonging to the family Pterasteridae. Genus includes "Savignaster" trimbachensis Gale (2011).

Hessicrinus apertus[39]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (early Campanian)

 United Kingdom

A crinoid.

Hessicrinus cooperi[39]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (early Campanian)

 United Kingdom

A crinoid.

Hyattechinus anglicus[47]

Sp. nov

In press

Thompson & Ewin

Late Devonian

North Devon Basin

 United Kingdom

A sea urchin.

Hypselaster strougoi[48]

Sp. nov

In press

Elattaar

Eocene (Lutetian)

Midawara Formation

 Egypt

A heart urchin.

Lazarechinus[49]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Hagdorn

Middle Triassic (late Anisian)

Calcaire à entroques

 France

A stem-sea urchin belonging to the family Proterocidaridae. Genus includes new species L. mirabeti.

Longwyaster[40]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Gale

Middle Jurassic (Bajocian)

 France

A starfish belonging to the family Pterasteridae. Genus includes new species L. delsatei

Loriolaster fragilicalceus[35]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gladwell

Silurian (Ludlow)

Leintwardine Beds

 United Kingdom

An oegophiurid brittle star.

Lucernacrinus multispinosus[43]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale in Gale, Sadorf & Jagt

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Peedee Formation

 United States
( North Carolina)

A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida.

Magnuscrinus cumberlandensis[50]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ausich, Rhenberg & Meyer

Carboniferous (Viséan)

Fort Payne Formation

 United States
( Kentucky)

A crinoid belonging to the family Batocrinidae.

Melusinaster[51]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Thuy & Stöhr

Early and Middle Jurassic (Toarcian to Bajocian)

 Germany
 Luxembourg

A basket star. The type species is M. alissawhitegluzae; genus also includes M. arcusinimicus.

Micraster woodi[52]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schlüter & Wiese

Late Cretaceous (Turonian)

 Germany

A sea urchin.

Muicrinus[53]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Lin et al.

Ordovician (latest Floian-earliest Dapingian)

Dawan Formation

 China

A crinoid related to Iocrinus. The type species is M. dawanensis.

Neoprotencrinus anyangensis[38]

Sp. nov

Valid

Mao et al.

Permian (Asselian)

Taiyuan Formation

 China

A crinoid.

Ophioculina[54]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Rousseau & Thuy in Rousseau, Gale & Thuy

Late Jurassic (Tithonian)

Agardhfjellet Formation

 Norway

A brittle star belonging to the group Ophiurina and the family Ophiopyrgidae. The type species is O. hoybergia.

Pachycephalocrinus[55]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Cole & Toom

Ordovician (Katian)

 Estonia

A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida. Genus includes new species P. jaanussoni.

Pahvanticystis[56]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Lefebvre & Lerosey-Aubril

Cambrian (Guzhangian)

Weeks Formation

 United States
( Utah)

A solutan echinoderm. Genus includes new species P. utahensis.

Peedeecrinus[43]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Gale in Gale, Sadorf & Jagt

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Peedee Formation

 United States
( North Carolina)

A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida. Genus includes new species P. sadorfi.

Petalobrissus lehugueurae[57]

Sp. nov

Valid

Alves et al.

Late Cretaceous

Jandaíra Formation

 Brazil

A sea urchin belonging to the family Faujasiidae.

Placatenella[45]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Mooi et al.

Early Miocene

Pirabas Formation

 Brazil

A sand dollar belonging to the group Scutelliformes. The type species is "Abertella" complanata Brito (1981).

Pliotoxaster andinum[58]

Sp. nov

In press

Fouquet, Roney & Wilke

Early Cretaceous

Way Group

 Chile

A sea urchin.

Polarasterias[54]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Rousseau & Gale in Rousseau, Gale & Thuy

Late Jurassic (Tithonian)

Agardhfjellet Formation

 Norway

A starfish belonging to the family Asteriidae. The type species is P. janusensis.

Priscillacrinus[37]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Cole et al.

Ordovician (Katian)

 Canada
( Ontario)

A camerate crinoid belonging to Order Diplobathrida. Genus includes new species P. elegans.

Prokopius[59]

Gen. et comb. nov

In press

Paul

Ordovician (Sandbian)

 Czech Republic

A member of Diploporita belonging to the family Aristocystitidae; a new genus for "Aristocystites" sculptus Barrande (1887).

Propteraster[40]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Gale

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)

 France

A starfish belonging to the family Pterasteridae. Genus includes new species P. amourensis

Rautangaroa[60]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Baumiller & Fordyce

Oligocene

 New Zealand

A feather star. Genus includes "Cypelometra" aotearoa Eagle (2007).

Sagittacrinus alifer[39]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (early Campanian)

 United Kingdom

A crinoid.

Sagittacrinus longirostris[39]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gale

Late Cretaceous (early Campanian)

 United Kingdom

A crinoid.

Sakucrinus[55]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Cole & Toom

Ordovician (Katian)

 Estonia

A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Diplobathrida and the family Opsiocrinidae. Genus includes new species S. krossi.

Savignaster septemtrionalis[54]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rousseau & Gale in Rousseau, Gale & Thuy

Late Jurassic (Tithonian)

Agardhfjellet Formation

 Norway

A starfish belonging to the family Pterasteridae.

Synbathocrinus chenae[38]

Sp. nov

Valid

Mao et al.

Permian (Asselian)

Taiyuan Formation

 China

A crinoid.

Thuyaster[40]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Gale

Early Jurassic (Hettangian)

 Belgium

A starfish belonging to the family Korethrasteridae. Genus includes new species T. fontenoillensis

Trombonicrinus[61]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Donovan, Waters & Pankowski

Devonian

 Morocco

A crinoid. Genus includes new species T. (col.) hanshessi

Ulocrinus qiaoi[38]

Sp. nov

Valid

Mao et al.

Permian (Asselian)

Taiyuan Formation

 China

A crinoid.

Weitschataster[62]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Neumann & Girod

Late Cretaceous (late Campanian)

 Germany

A starfish belonging to the family Goniasteridae. Genus includes new species W. intermedius.

Yunnanechinus[63]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Thompson et al.

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

Guanling Formation

 China

A stem-sea urchin. The type species is Y. luopingensis.

Conodonts

Research

  • A study on the histological sections of Ordovician and Permian conodont dental elements from the Bell Canyon Formation (Texas, United States), Harding Sandstone (Colorado, United States), Ali Bashi Formation (Iran) and Canadian Arctic, examining those fossils for the presence and distribution of soft tissue biomarkers, is published by Terrill, Henderson & Anderson (2018).[64]
  • A study evaluating the δ18O variation within a species-rich conodont assemblage from the Ordovician (Floian) Factory Cove Member of the Shallow Bay Formation, Cow Head Group (western Newfoundland, Canada), as well as assessing the implications of these data for determining the paleothermometry of ancient oceans and conodont ecologic models, is published by Wheeley et al. (2018).[65]
  • A study on the body size and diversity of Carnian conodonts from South China and their implications for inferring the biotic and environmental changes during the Carnian Pluvial Event is published by Zhang et al. (2018).[66]
  • A study on fossils of members of the genus Alternognathus from the Upper Devonian of the Kowala quarry (central Poland), attempting to calibrate the course of their ontogeny in days and documenting cyclic mortality events, is published by Świś (2018).[67]
  • A study assess the similarity of late Paleozoic to Triassic conodont faunas known from the Cache Creek Terrane (Canada) is published by Golding (2018).[68]
  • Reconstruction of the multi-element apparatus of the Middle Triassic conodont from British Columbia (Canada) belonging to the Neogondolella regalis group within the genus Neogondolella is presented by Golding (2018).[69]
  • Reconstruction of the number and arrangement of elements in the apparatus of Hindeodus parvus published by Zhang et al. (2017)[70] is criticized by Agematsu, Golding & Orchard (2018);[71] Purnell et al. (2018) defend their original conclusions.[72]
  • A cluster of icriodontid conodonts belonging to the species Caudicriodus woschmidti, providing new information on the apparatus structure of icriodontid conodonts, is described from the Lower Devonian sediments in southern Burgenland (Austria) by Suttner, Kido & Briguglio (2018).[73]

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Baltoniodus cooperi[74]

Sp. nov

Valid

Carlorosi, Sarmiento & Heredia

Ordovician (Dapingian)

Santa Gertrudis Formation

 Argentina

Declinognathodus intermedius[75]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hu, Qi & Nemyrovska

Carboniferous

 China

Declinognathodus tuberculosus[75]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hu, Qi & Nemyrovska

Carboniferous

 China

Gedikella[76]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Kılıç, Plasencia & Önder

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

 Turkey

A member of the family Gondolellidae. The type species is G. quadrata.

Kamuellerella rectangularis[76]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kılıç, Plasencia & Önder

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

 Turkey

A member of the family Gondolellidae.

Ketinella goermueshi[76]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kılıç, Plasencia & Önder

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

 Turkey

A member of the family Gondolellidae.

Magnigondolella[77]

Gen. et 5 sp. et comb. nov

Valid

Golding & Orchard

Middle Triassic (Anisian)

Favret Formation
Toad Formation

 Canada
( British Columbia)
 China
 United States
( Nevada)

A member of the family Gondolellidae. The type species is M. salomae;
genus also includes new species M. alexanderi, M. cyri, M. julii and M. nebuchadnezzari,
as well as "Neogondolella" regale Mosher (1970) and "Neogondolella" dilacerata Golding & Orchard (2016).

Mesogondolella hendersoni[78]

Sp. nov

Valid

Yuan, Zhang & Shen

Permian (Changhsingian)

Selong Group

 China

Neopolygnathus fibula[79]

Sp. nov

Valid

Hartenfels & Becker

Devonian (Famennian)

 Morocco

‘Ozarkodina’? chenae[80]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lu et al.

Devonian (Emsian)

Ertang Formation

 China

‘Ozarkodina’? wuxuanensis[80]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lu et al.

Devonian (Emsian)

Ertang Formation

 China

Polygnathus linguiformis saharicus[81]

Subsp. nov

In press

Narkiewicz & Königshof

Middle Devonian

 Vietnam

Polygnathus linguiformis vietnamicus[81]

Subsp. nov

In press

Narkiewicz & Königshof

Middle Devonian

 Vietnam

Polygnathus praeinversus[80]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lu et al.

Devonian (Emsian)

Ertang Formation

 China

Polygnathus rhenanus siphai[81]

Subsp. nov

In press

Narkiewicz & Königshof

Middle Devonian

 Vietnam

Polygnathus xylus bacbo[81]

Subsp. nov

In press

Narkiewicz & Königshof

Middle Devonian

 Vietnam

Pseudopolygnathus primus tafilensis[79]

Subsp. nov

Valid

Hartenfels & Becker

Devonian (Famennian)

 Morocco

Quadralella (Quadralella) postica[82]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhang et al.

Late Triassic (Carnian)

 China

Quadralella robusta[82]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhang et al.

Late Triassic (Carnian)

 China

Quadralella wignalli[82]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhang et al.

Late Triassic (Carnian)

 China

Quadralella yongningensis[82]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zhang et al.

Late Triassic (Carnian)

 China

Walliserognathus[83]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Corradini & Corriga

Silurian (Ludlow)

Henryhouse Formation
Roberts Mountains Formation

 Austria
 China
 Hungary
 Italy
 Spain
 Sweden
 United States
( Nevada
 Oklahoma)

A member of the family Spathognathodontidae; a new genus for Spathognathodus inclinatus posthamatus Walliser (1964), raised to the rank of the species Walliserognathus posthamatus.

Fish

Main article: 2018 in paleoichthyology

Amphibians

Research

  • Evidence from multi-stable isotope data indicating that some Devonian vertebrates, including early tetrapods, were euryhaline and inhabited aquatic environments subject to rapid changes in salinity is presented by Goedert et al. (2018).[84]
  • A study on the evolution of forelimb musculature from the lobe-finned fish to early tetrapods is published by Molnar et al. (2018).[85]
  • A study on the fossil record of amphibians, aiming to identify traits that influenced the extinction risk of species, and using this data to predict the extinction risk for living amphibian species, is published by Tietje & Rödel (2018).[86]
  • A study on the structure of stapes of Edops craigi is published by Schoch (2018).[87]
  • A study on the morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Neldasaurus is published by Schoch (2018).[88]
  • A study on the morphological changes in the skull that have been considered related to size reduction in dissorophoids, evaluating whether these changes are consistent with the consequences of miniaturization according to the studies in extant miniature amphibians, is published by Pérez-Ben, Schoch & Báez (2018).[89]
  • Well-preserved postcranial skeletons of two dissorophids are described from the early Permian karst deposits near Richards Spur (Oklahoma, United States) by Gee & Reisz (2018).[90]
  • Redescription of the holotype specimen of the dissorophid species Alegeinosaurus aphthitos will be published by Gee (2018), who considers Alegeinosaurus to be a junior synonym of Aspidosaurus.[91]
  • New skull remains of Cacops morrisi, as well as the first known postcranial remains of the taxon, are described from the Permian of the Richards Spur locality (Oklahoma, United States) by Gee & Reisz (2018).[92]
  • Redescription of the Angusaurus, based on a new specimen providing new information of the skull anatomy of this taxon, will be published by Fernández-Coll et al. (2018).[93]
  • Partial mandible of a large-bodied metoposaurid is described from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation exposures at Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona, United States) by Gee & Parker (2018).[94]
  • Morphological description of two new small-bodied metoposaurid specimens from Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona, United States) and a histological analysis of the vertebra of these specimens will be published by Gee & Parker (2018), who argue that their findings support the interpretation of Apachesaurus as a juvenile metoposaurid.[95]
  • A study on the histology of the humeri of members of the species Metoposaurus krasiejowensis, revealing the occurrence of two different growth patterns (histotypes), is published by Teschner, Sander & Konietzko-Meier (2018).[96]
  • A study on the feeding mode of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis as indicated by bone microstructure and computational biomechanics is published by Konietzko-Meier et al. (2018).[97]
  • A study on the morphology of the mandibular sutures in Metoposaurus krasiejowensis, using histological thin sections, will be published by Gruntmejer et al. (2018).[98]
  • Redescription of Regalerpeton weichangensis based on eight new specimens and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Rong (2018).[99]
  • An incomplete vertebra of a member of Caudata is described from the Algerian part of the Cretaceous Kem Kem Beds by Alloul et al. (2018).[100]
  • Description of bone anomalies in specimens of the cryptobranchid Eoscapherpeton asiaticum from the Upper Cretaceous Bissekty Formation (Uzbekistan) and a study on their possible origin is published by Skutschas et al. (2018).[101]
  • Description of new specimens of the fossil salamandrids Taricha oligocenica and Taricha lindoei from the Oligocene of Oregon, providing new information on the morphology of these taxa, and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of these species is published by Jacisin & Hopkins (2018).[102]
  • Cretaceous frog tracks are described from the Saok Island (South Korea) by Park et al. (2018), who name a new ichnotaxon Ranipes saokensis.[103]
  • Fossils of the painted frog Latonia gigantea will be described from the Miocene of the Vallès-Penedès Basin (Spain) by Villa et al. (2018), representing the first known record of the species from the Iberian Peninsula.[104]
  • Fossils of Latonia cf. gigantea will be described from the early Miocene of Greece (representing the first record of the species from that country) by Georgalis et al. (2018), along with other amphibian and reptile fossils.[105]
  • A redescription of Pelobates praefuscus from the Pliocene of Moldova will be published by Syromyatnikova (2018), who considers this taxon to be a species distinct from Pelobates fuscus.[106]
  • A redescription and a study of the phylogenetic relationships of Baurubatrachus pricei is published by Báez & Gómez (2018).[107]
  • Frog fossils, including the first known fossils of shovelnose frogs, will be described from the early Pliocene of Kanapoi (Kenya) by Delfino (2018).[108]
  • A study on the anatomy of regenerating tails in two specimens of the Carboniferous lepospondyl Microbrachis pelikani, comparing tail regeneration in this taxon and in extant seal salamander and Ocoee salamander, is published by van der Vos, Witzmann & Fröbisch (2018).[109]
  • Description of the anatomy of the skeleton of the chroniosuchian species Bystrowiella schumanni and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of chroniosuchians is published by Witzmann & Schoch (2018).[110]
  • A study on the variation of digit proportions and trackway parameters in diadectomorph tracks with a relatively short pedal digit V, representing ichnogenus Ichniotherium, is published by Buchwitz & Voight (2018).[111]

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Electrorana[112]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Xing et al.

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

Burmese amber

 Myanmar

A frog of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of Alytoidea. The type species is E. limoae.

Shirerpeton[113]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Matsumoto & Evans

Early Cretaceous (Barremian)

Kuwajima Formation

 Japan

A member of the family Albanerpetontidae. The type species is S. isajii.

Tantallognathus[114]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Chen et al.

Carboniferous (late Tournaisian or earliest Viséan)

Ballagan Formation

 United Kingdom

An early tetrapod of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is T. woodi.

Tutusius[115]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Gess & Ahlberg

Devonian (late Famennian)

Witpoort Formation

 South Africa

An early tetrapod. The type species is T. umlambo.

Umzantsia[115]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Gess & Ahlberg

Devonian (late Famennian)

Witpoort Formation

 South Africa

An early tetrapod. The type species is U. amazana.

Lizards and snakes

Research

  • Triassic reptile Megachirella wachtleri is reinterpreted as the oldest known stem-squamate by Simões et al. (2018).[116]
  • Fossil trackways probably made by lizards running bipedally are described from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian-early Albian) Hasandong Formation (South Korea) by Lee et al. (2018), who name a new ichnotaxon Sauripes hadongensis.[117]
  • A study on the manus of a putative stem-gekkotan from the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar is published by Fontanarrosa, Daza & Abdala (2018), who report the presence of adaptations to climbing, including adhesive structures.[118]
  • A maxilla of a gekkotan of uncertain phylogenetic placement is described from the Late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation (Tanzania) by Müller et al. (2018), representing the second record of a Paleogene gekkotan from Africa and the first one from the central part of the continent.[119]
  • A revision of the lizard fossils from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia and China which were originally assigned to the genus Bainguis is published by Dong et al. (2018), who transfer some of this fossil material to the stem-scincoid genus Parmeosaurus.[120]
  • New specimen of the Late Jurassic lizard Ardeosaurus brevipes is described from the Solnhofen area (Germany) by Tałanda (2018), who interprets this species as a probable member of the crown group of Scincoidea.[121]
  • Fossils of a member of the genus Timon are described from the Pleistocene of Monte Tuttavista (Sardinia, Italy) by Tschopp et al. (2018), representing the first reported fossil occurrence of this genus from Sardinia.[122]
  • A dentary of an amphisbaenian belonging or related to the species Blanus strauchi is described from the middle Miocene locality of Gebeceler (Turkey) by Georgalis et al. (2018), representing the first fossil find of a member of the Blanus strauchi species complex and the sole confirmed fossil occurrence of the genus Blanus in the eastern Mediterranean region reported so far.[123]
  • Amphisbaenian vertebral material is described from the Pliocene of northern Greece by Georgalis, Villa & Delfino (2018), representing the youngest occurrence of amphisbaenians in continental Eastern Europe reported so far.[124]
  • A premaxilla of a member of the genus Elgaria is described from the Miocene Split Rock Formation (Wyoming, United States) by Scarpetta (2018), representing the oldest known fossil of a member of this genus reported so far.[125]
  • Fossil anguine material is described from the lower Miocene locality Ulm – Westtangente (Germany) for the first time by Klembara, Hain & Čerňanský (2018).[126]
  • Two specimens assigned to the species Saniwa ensidens, preserving an accessory foramen in the skull indicative of the presence of fourth eye, are described from the Eocene Bridger Formation (Wyoming, United States) by Smith et al. (2018).[127]
  • Fossil vertebrae of varanid lizards are described from the early Miocene Loire Basin (France) by Augé & Guével (2018).[128]
  • A basal mosasauroid specimen including a rib and a vertebra, representing a larger individual than the holotype of Phosphorosaurus ponpetelegans and predating P. ponpetelegans by approximately 10 million years, is reported from the Upper Cretaceous (lower Campanian) of Hokkaido (Japan) by Sato et al. (2018).[129]
  • A study evaluating the fossil record of mosasaurs in terms of fossil completeness as a measure of fossil quality is published by Driscoll et al. (2018).[130]
  • A study on the evolution of the skull shape in snakes and on its implications for inferring the ancestral ecology of snakes is published by Da Silva et al. (2018).[131]
  • New method of evaluating the age of fossil snake specimens at the time of death is proposed by Petermann & Gauthier (2018), who also test whether their method can be used to identify isolated fossil remains of the Eocene snake Boavus occidentalis from the Willwood Formation (Wyoming, United States) at the level of individual organisms.[132]
  • Digital endocasts of the inner ears of the madtsoiid snakes Yurlunggur and Wonambi are reconstructed by Palci et al. (2018), who also study the implications of the inner ear morphology of these taxa for inferring their ecology.[133]
  • A natural cast of the posterior brain, skull vessels and nerves, and the inner ear of Dinilysia patagonica is described by Triviño et al. (2018).[134]
  • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the Miocene snake Pseudoepicrates stanolseni is published by Onary & Hsiou (2018), who transfer this species to the boid genus Chilabothrus.[135]
  • Snake fauna from the Miocene of the Baikadam and Malyi Kalkaman 1 and 2 localities in northeastern Kazakhstan, representing the best-documented Miocene snake assemblage in Central Asia, will be described by Ivanov et al. (2018).[136]
  • Revision of lizard and snake fossils from the Pliocene site of Kanapoi (Kenya) is published by Head & Müller (2018).[137]

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Amananulam[138]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

McCartney et al.

Paleocene

 Mali

A snake belonging to the family Nigerophiidae. The type species is A. sanogoi.

Amaru[139]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Albino

Early Eocene

Lumbrera Formation

 Argentina

A macrostomatan snake. Genus includes new species A. scagliai.

Anguis rarus[140]

Sp. nov

Valid

Klembara & Rummel

Early Miocene

 Germany

A slow worm.

Boa blanchardensis[141]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bochaton & Bailon

Late Pleistocene

 France
(Marie-Galante Island)

A species of Boa.

Euleptes klembarai[142]

Sp. nov

Valid

Čerňanský, Daza & Bauer

Miocene (Astaracian)

 Slovakia

A relative of the European leaf-toed gecko.

Primitivus[143]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Paparella et al.

Late Cretaceous (late Campanian–early Maastrichtian)

 Italy

A member of the family Dolichosauridae. The type species is P. manduriensis.

Tylosaurus saskatchewanensis[144]

Sp. nov

Valid

Jiménez-Huidobro et al.

Late Cretaceous (late Campanian)

Bearpaw Formation

 Canada
( Saskatchewan)

A mosasaur

Xiaophis[145]

Gen. et sp. nov

Xing et al.

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

Burmese amber

 Myanmar

A snake described on the basis of a fossilized embryo or neonate. The type species is X. myanmarensis.

Ichthyosauromorphs

  • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of ichthyosaurs will be published by Moon (2018).[146]
  • A survey of the form and distribution of pathological structures in the skeletons of ichthyosaurs is published by Pardo-Pérez et al. (2018).[147]
  • A study on the microanatomy of vertebral centra of ichthyosaurs, aiming to establish whether there is any variation between the primitive and the most derived forms, is published by Houssaye, Nakajima & Sander (2018).[148]
  • A large, isolated jaw fragment of a giant ichthyosaur is described from the Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) Westbury Mudstone Formation (United Kingdom) by Lomax et al. (2018), who also reinterpret some putative dinosaur limb bone shafts from the Upper Triassic of Aust Cliff as more likely to be ichthyosaur fossils.[149]
  • Remains of ichthyosaur embryos, still situated within a fragment of the rib-cage of the parent animal, are described from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) Whitby Mudstone Formation (United Kingdom) by Boyd & Lomax (2018).[150]
  • Ichthyosaur remains from the Lower Cretaceous Agrio Formation (Neuquén Basin, Argentina) are described by Lazo et al. (2018).[151]
  • Redescription of the relocated holotype of Suevoleviathan integer is published by Maxwell (2018), who considers the species Suevoleviathan disinteger to be a junior synonym of S. integer.[152]
  • Second specimen of Wahlisaurus massarae is reported from a quarry in Somerset (United Kingdom), from the base of the Blue Lias Formation (Triassic–Jurassic boundary) by Lomax, Evans & Carpenter (2018), extending known geographic and stratigraphic range of the species.[153]
  • Four isolated partial skulls from the Lower Jurassic of the United Kingdom, previously identified as Ichthyosaurus communis, are assigned to the species Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis and P. applebyi by Lomax & Massare (2018), providing new information on the anatomy of these taxa.[154]
  • A reassessment of Ichthyosaurus communis and I. intermedius is published by Massare & Lomax (2018), who consider the latter species to be a junior synonym of the former.[155]
  • A neonate specimen of Ichthyosaurus communis will be described by Lomax et al. (2018).[156]
  • A study on the variation of the hindfin morphology in the specimens of Ichthyosaurus and on its taxonomic utility is published by Massare & Lomax (2018).[157]

Sauropterygians

Research

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Arminisaurus[173]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Sachs & Kear

Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian)

Amaltheenton Formation

 Germany

An early relative of pliosaurids. The type species is A. schuberti.

Microcleidus melusinae [174]

Sp. nov

In press

Vincent et al.

Early Jurassic (Toarcian)

 Luxembourg

A microcleidid plesiosaur.

Parahenodus[175]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

De Miguel Chaves, Ortega & Pérez‐García

Late Triassic

 Spain

A placodont related to Henodus. Genus includes new species P. atancensis.

Pliosaurus almanzaensis [176]

Sp. nov

Valid

O’Gorman, Gasparini & Spalletti

Late Jurassic (Jurassic)

Vaca Muerta Formation

 Argentina

Turtles

Research

  • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of living and fossil turtles is published by Evers & Benson (2018).[177]
  • A study on the Early and Middle Triassic turtle tracks and their implications for the origin of turtles will be published by Lichtig et al. (2018).[178]
  • Fossil turtle footprints are described from the Triassic (Carnian) localities in eastern Spain by Reolid et al. (2018), who interpret the findings as indicating a freshwater semi-aquatic habit for some early turtles during the early Late Triassic.[179]
  • A clutch of 15 turtle eggs, found in close association with a partial skeleton of the dinosaur Mosaiceratops azumai, is described from the Upper Cretaceous Xiaguan Formation (China) by Jackson et al. (2018), who report that the size of these eggs exceeds that of all previously reported fossil turtle eggs.[180]
  • A study on the anatomy of the brain, inner ear, nasal cavity and skull nerves of Proganochelys quenstedti, and on its implications for inferring the sensory capabilities and ecology of the species and for the evolution of turtle brains is published by Lautenschlager, Ferreira & Werneburg (2018).[181]
  • A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Kallokibotion bajazidi based on well-preserved new fossil material is published by Pérez-García & Codrea (2018).[182]
  • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil pleurodirans is published by Ferreira et al. (2018).[183]
  • A review of the araripemydid fossil record from Africa is published by Pérez-García (2018), who considers Laganemys tenerensis to be a junior synonym of Taquetochelys decorata.[184]
  • New fossil material of the bothremydid Algorachelus peregrinus, providing new information on the anatomy and intraspecific variability of the species, is described from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of the Arenas de Utrillas Formation (Spain) by Pérez-García (2018), who also transfers the species "Podocnemis" parva Haas (1978) and "Paiutemys" tibert Joyce, Lyson & Kirkland (2016) to the genus Algorachelus.[185]
  • A study on the anatomy of the shell of the bothremydid species Taphrosphys congolensis, and on its implications for inferring the taxonomic composition of the genus Taphrosphys, will be published by Pérez García, Mees & Smith (2018).[186]
  • A restudy of the type material of the Late Cretaceous pan-chelid Linderochelys rinconensis and a description of new fossils of the species is published by Jannello et al. (2018).[187]
  • Redescription of the Eocene chelid Hydromedusa casamayorensis based on twenty‐seven new specimens recovered from lower levels of the Sarmiento Formation (Argentina) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species will be published by Maniel et al. (2018).[188]
  • A study on the skull innervation and circulation of Eubaena cephalica, based on data from a new specimen, is published by Rollot, Lyson & Joyce (2018).[189]
  • Fragmentary trionychid specimen is described from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian to Maastrichtian) Nanaimo Group (Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada) by Vavrek & Brinkman (2018), representing the first trionychid reported from Cretaceous deposits along the Pacific Coast of North America.[190]
  • A study on the phylogenetic relationships and body size evolution of extant and extinct tortoises will be published by Vlachos & Rabi (2018).[191]
  • Description of new specimens of the tortoise Manouria oyamai from the Pleistocene of the Okinawa Island (Japan) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Takahashi, Hirayama & Otsuka (2018).[192]
  • A study on the sources of variation in the morphology of the carapaces of extant and fossil common box turtles (Terrapene carolina) is published by Vitek (2018).[193]
  • Redescription of the holotype of Rhinochelys amaberti from the Cretaceous (Albian) of France and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Scavezzoni & Fischer (2018).[194]
  • An isolated costal bone of a sea turtle is described from the Oligocene Dos Bocas Formation (Ecuador) by Cadena, Abella & Gregori (2018), representing the first record of Oligocene Pancheloniidae in South America.[195]

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Basilemys morrinensis[196]

Sp. nov

Valid

Mallon & Brinkman

Late Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian)

Horseshoe Canyon Formation

 Canada
( Alberta)

A member of Cryptodira belonging to the family Nanhsiungchelyidae.

Owadowia[197]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Szczygielski, Tyborowski & Błażejowski

Late Jurassic (Tithonian)

Kcynia Formation

 Poland

A member of Pancryptodira. The type species is O. borsukbialynickae.

Peritresius martini[198]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gentry et al.

Late Cretaceous (late Campanian)

Lower Ripley Formation

 United States
( Alabama)

A member of Pancheloniidae.

Sinemys chabuensis[199]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ji & Chen

Early Cretaceous

Jingchuan Formation

 China

Trachemys haugrudi[200]

Sp. nov

Valid

Jasinski

Late Hemphillian

Gray Fossil Site

 United States
( Tennessee)

A species of Trachemys.

Wutuchelys[201]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Tong et al.

Early Eocene

Wutu Formation

 China

A stem-testudinoid. Genus includes new species W. eocenica.

Yuraramirim[202]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Ferreira et al.

Late Cretaceous

Adamantina Formation

 Brazil

A member of Pleurodira related to Peiropemys. Genus includes new species Y. montealtensis.

Archosauriformes

General research

Pseudosuchians

Research

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Anteophthalmosuchus epikrator[248]

Sp. nov

Valid

Ristevski et al.

Early Cretaceous

Wessex Formation

 United Kingdom

A goniopholidid.

Kinesuchus[249]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Filippi, Barrios & Garrido

Late Cretaceous (Santonian)

Bajo de la Carpa Formation

 Argentina

A peirosaurid crocodyliform. The type species is K. overoi.

Magyarosuchus[250]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Ősi et al.

Early Jurassic (Toarcian)

Kisgerecse Marl Formation

 Hungary

A member of Metriorhynchoidea. The type species is M. fitosi.

Mandasuchus[251]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Butler et al.

Triassic

Manda Formation

 Tanzania

An early member of Paracrocodylomorpha belonging to the group Loricata. The type species is M. tanyauchen.

Pagosvenator[252]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Lacerda, de França & Schultz

Middle–Late Triassic

Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone of the Santa Maria Supersequence

 Brazil

A member of the family Erpetosuchidae. Genus includes new species P. candelariensis.

Wahasuchus[253]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Saber et al.

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Quseir Formation

 Egypt

A member of Mesoeucrocodylia of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a neosuchian. Genus includes new species W. egyptensis.

Non-avian dinosaurs

Research

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Acantholipan[360]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Rivera-Sylva et al.

Late Cretaceous (Santonian)

Pen Formation

 Mexico

A member of the family Nodosauridae. Genus includes new species A. gonzalezi.

Akainacephalus[361]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Wiersma & Irmis

Late Cretaceous (late Campanian)

Kaiparowits Formation

 United States
( Utah)

A member of the family Ankylosauridae. The type species is A. johnsoni.

Anodontosaurus inceptus[362]

Sp. nov

Valid

Penkalski

Late Cretaceous

Dinosaur Park Formation

 Canada
( Alberta)

A member of the family Ankylosauridae.

Skull of TMP 1997.132.1, the holotype specimen of Anodontosaurus inceptus[362]

Anomalipes[363]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Yu et al.

Late Cretaceous

Wangshi Group

 China

A caenagnathid theropod. The type species is A. zhaoi.

Arkansaurus[364]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Hunt & Quinn

Early Cretaceous (Albian–Aptian)

Trinity Group

 United States
( Arkansas)

An ornithomimosaur theropod. Genus includes new species A. fridayi.

Avimimus nemegtensis[365]

Sp. nov

Valid

Funston et al.

Late Cretaceous

Nemegt Formation

 Mongolia

An oviraptorosaurian.

Bagualosaurus[366]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Pretto, Langer & Schultz

Late Triassic

Santa Maria Formation

 Brazil

An early member of Sauropodomorpha. Genus includes new species B. agudoensis.

Bayannurosaurus[367]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Xu et al.

Early Cretaceous

Bayin-Gobi Formation

 China

A non-hadrosauriform ankylopollexian ornithopod. Genus includes new species B. perfectus.

Caihong[368]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Hu et al.

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)

Tiaojishan Formation

 China

A paravian theropod. The type species is C. juji.

Choconsaurus[369]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Simón, Salgado & Calvo

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

Huincul Formation

 Argentina

A titanosaur sauropod. The type species is C. baileywillisi.

Diluvicursor[370]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Herne et al.

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

Eumeralla Formation

 Australia

A small-bodied ornithopod. The type species is D. pickeringi.

Ingentia[371]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Apaldetti et al.

Late Triassic (late Norian–Rhaetian)

Quebrada del Barro Formation

 Argentina

An early member of Sauropodomorpha related to Lessemsaurus. Genus includes new species I. prima.

Jinyunpelta[372]

Gen. et sp. nov

Zheng et al.

Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian)

Liangtoutang Formation

 China

A member of the family Ankylosauridae belonging to the subfamily Ankylosaurinae. The type species is J. sinensis.

Laiyangosaurus[373]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Zhang et al.

Late Cretaceous

Jingangkou Formation

 China

A hadrosaurid ornithopod belonging to the subfamily Saurolophinae and the tribe Edmontosaurini. The type species is L. youngi.

Mansourasaurus[374]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Sallam et al.

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Quseir Formation

 Egypt

A titanosaur sauropod. The type species is M. shahinae.

Platypelta[362]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Penkalski

Late Cretaceous

Dinosaur Park Formation

 Canada
( Alberta)

A member of the family Ankylosauridae. Genus includes new species P. coombsi.

Skull of AMNH 5337, the holotype specimen of Platypelta coombsi[362]

Scolosaurus thronus[362]

Sp. nov

Valid

Penkalski

Late Cretaceous

Dinosaur Park Formation

 Canada
( Alberta)

A member of the family Ankylosauridae.

Skull of ROM 1930, the holotype specimen of Scolosaurus thronus[362]

Sibirotitan[375]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Averianov et al.

Early Cretaceous (probably Barremian)

Ilek Formation

 Russia

A non-titanosaurian somphospondyl sauropod. Genus includes new species S. astrosacralis.

Tratayenia[376]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Porfiri et al.

Late Cretaceous (Santonian)

Bajo de la Carpa Formation

 Argentina

A megaraptoran theropod. Genus includes new species T. rosalesi.

Birds

Research

  • A study evaluating whether eggs of early birds from the Mesozoic could have borne the weight of incubating adults is published by Deeming & Mayr (2018).[377]
  • A study on the total mass of the dentition of Mesozoic birds, and on the impact of the reduction and loss of teeth on total body mass of Mesozoic birds, is published by Zhou, Sullivan & Zhang (2018).[378]
  • A study on the formation of the pygostyle in extant birds and its evolution in Mesozoic birds is published by Rashid et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that the lack of pygostyle in Zhongornis haoae and other juvenile Mesozoic birds does not necessarily indicate that they are intermediate species in the long- to short-tailed evolutionary transition, and that feathered coelurosaur tail preserved in Burmese amber which was described by Xing et al. (2016)[379] might be avian.[380]
  • A study on Praeornis sharovi from the Late Jurassic of Kazakhstan will be published by Agnolin, Rozadilla & Carvalho (2018), who interpret the fossil as a tail feather of a basal bird.[381]
  • A redescription of the bird trackway originally labeled Aquatilavipes anhuiensis from the Lower Cretaceous Qiuzhuang Formation (Anhui, China) is published by Xing et al. (2018), who transfer this ichnospecies to the ichnogenus Koreanaornis.[382]
  • New avian ichnospecies Ignotornis canadensis is described from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Gates Formation (Canada) by Buckley, McCrea & Xing (2018).[383]
  • Ignotornid tracks are described from the Lower Cretaceous of Jiangsu (China) by Xing et al. (2018), representing the first known record of the ichnogenus Goseongornipes from China.[384]
  • The twelfth specimen of Archaeopteryx, the oldest reported so far, is described by Rauhut, Foth & Tischlinger (2018).[385]
  • A study on the geometric properties of the wing bones of Archaeopteryx is published by Voeten et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that Archaeopteryx was able to actively use its wings to take to the air (using a different flight stroke than used by extant birds).[386]
  • A review of the available evidence of the diet of Mesozoic birds, especially those known from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Lagerstätte (China), is published by O’Connor (2018).[387]
  • Gastrolith masses preserved in five specimens of Jeholornis will be described by O'Connor et al. (2018).[388]
  • A new confuciusornithid specimen, most similar to Eoconfuciusornis zhengi but also sharing traits with Confuciusornis, will be described from the Upper Cretaceous Huajiying Formation (China) by Navalón et al. (2018).[389]
  • A study on the morphology of the skull of Confuciusornis sanctus is published by Elżanowski, Peters & Mayr (2018).[390]
  • A comparative study of all named taxa referred to Confuciusornithiformes, taxonomic revision of the group and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of members of the group will be published by Wang, O'Connor & Zhou (2018).[391]
  • An articulated skeleton of an enantiornithine bird preserved in the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar is described by Xing et al. (2018).[392]
  • An early juvenile enantiornithine specimen, providing new information on the osteogenesis in members of Enantiornithes, is described from the Lower Cretaceous Las Hoyas deposits of Spain by Knoll et al. (2018).[393]
  • A study evaluating the capacity of the enantiornithines Concornis lacustris and Eoalulavis hoyasi to use intermittent flight (alternating flapping and gliding phases) is published by Serrano et al. (2018).[394]
  • A study on the morphology and diversity of enantiornithine coracoids from the Upper Cretaceous Bissekty Formation (Dzharakuduk locality, Uzbekistan) is published by Panteleev (2018).[395]
  • Wang et al. (2018) report the presence of distinct salt gland fossa on the frontal of a bird similar to Iteravis huchzermeyeri and Gansus zheni from the Lower Cretaceous Sihedang locality (Jiufotang Formation, China); the authors also consider I. huchzermeyeri and G. zheni to be probably synonymous.[396]
  • Abundant black flies, thought to have inhabited the same environments as Cretaceous ornithurine birds and most likely fed on them, are described from the Santonian Taimyr amber (Russia) by Perkovsky, Sukhomlin & Zelenkov (2018), who use these insects as an indicator of a bird community, and argue that advanced ornithuromorph birds might have originated at higher latitudes.[397]
  • Field et al. (2018) report new specimens and previously overlooked elements of the holotype of Ichthyornis dispar, and generate a nearly complete three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of this species.[398]
  • A study comparing the hindlimb morphology of hesperornithiforms and modern foot-propelled diving birds is published by Bell, Wu & Chiappe (2018).[399]
  • A study on the impact of the widespread destruction of forests during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event on bird evolution, as indicated by ancestral state reconstructions of neornithine ecology and inferences about enantiornithine ecology, is published by Field et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that the global forest collapse at the end of the Cretaceous caused extinction of predominantly tree-dwelling birds, while bird groups that survived the extinction and gave rise to extant birds were non-arboreal.[400]
  • A study on the evolution of the anatomy of the crown-bird skull is published by Felice & Goswami (2018), who also present a hypothetical reconstruction of the ancestral crown-bird skull.[401]
  • A fossil tinamou belonging to the genus Eudromia, exceeding the size range of living species of the genus, will be described from the Lujanian sediments in Marcos Paz County (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) by Cenizo et al. (2018).[402]
  • A study on the dietary behavior of four species of the moa and their interactions with parasites based on data from their coprolites is published by Boast et al. (2018).[403]
  • A study on the seeds preserved in moa coprolites is published by Carpenter et al. (2018), who question the hypothesis that some of the largest-seeded plants of New Zealand were dispersed by moas.[404]
  • A study on the genetic and morphological diversity of the emus, including extinct island populations, is published by Thomson et al. (2018).[405]
  • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the taxa assigned to the family Vegaviidae by Agnolín et al. (2017)[406] is published by Mayr et al. (2018).[407]
  • A study on the microstructure of the bones of Vegavis iaai will be published by Garcia Marsà, Agnolín & Novas (2018).[408]
  • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the species Chendytes lawi and the Labrador duck (Camptorhynchus labradorius) is published by Buckner et al. (2018).[409]
  • Schmidt (2018) interprets more than 1000 large, near-circular gravel mounds from western New South Wales (Australia) as likely to be nest mounds constructed by an extinct bird, similar to the malleefowl but larger.[410]
  • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Foro panarium is published by Field & Hsiang (2018), who consider this species to be a stem-turaco.[411]
  • A nearly complete tarsometatarsus of the least seedsnipe (Thinocorus rumicivorus) will be described from the Ensenadan of Argentina by Picasso, De Mendoza & Gelfo (2018).[412]
  • Petralca austriaca, originally thought to be an auk, is reinterpreted as a member of Gaviiformes by Göhlich & Mayr (2018).[413]
  • Pedal phalanx of a penguin affected by osteomyelitis will be described from the Eocene of West Antarctica by Jadwiszczak & Rothschild (2018).[414]
  • Redescription of the anatomy of the fossil penguin Madrynornis mirandus and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Degrange, Ksepka & Tambussi (2018).[415]
  • Fossil material attributed to the extinct Hunter Island penguin (Tasidyptes hunteri) is reinterpreted as assemblage of remains from three extant penguin species by Cole et al. (2018).[416]
  • A study on the history of penguin colonization of the Vestfold Hills (Antarctica), indicating that penguins started colonizing the northern Vestfold Hills around 14.6 thousand years before present, is published by Gao et al. (2018).[417]
  • A study on the history of active and abandoned Adélie penguin colonies at Cape Adare (Antarctica), based on new excavations and radiocarbon dating, is published by Emslie, McKenzie & Patterson (2018).[418]
  • New bird fossils, including the first reported tarsometatarsus of the plotopterid Tonsala hildegardae are described from the late Eocene/early Oligocene Makah Formation and the Oligocene Pysht Formation (Washington State, United States) by Mayr & Goedert (2018), who name a new plotopterid subfamily Tonsalinae.[419]
  • Fossil remains of the spectacled cormorant (Phalacrocorax perspicillatus) are described from the upper Pleistocene of Shiriya (northeast Japan) by Watanabe, Matsuoka & Hasegawa (2018).[420]
  • Extinct lowland kagu (Rhynochetos orarius) is reinterpreted as synonymous with extant kagu (Rhynochetos jubatus) by Theuerkauf & Gula (2018).[421]
  • New fossils of stem-mousebirds belonging to the family Sandcoleidae, providing new information on the anatomy of members of this family, will be described from the Eocene of the Messel pit (Germany) by Mayr (2018).[422]
  • New phorusrhacid fossils are described from the Pleistocene of Uruguay by Jones et al. (2018), providing evidence of survival of phorusrhacids until the end of the Pleistocene.[423]
  • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the extinct Cuban macaw (Ara tricolor) is published by Johansson et al. (2018).[424]
  • A review of the bird fossil assemblage from the Paleocene locality of Menat (Puy-de-Dôme, France), including a new fossil specimen with exceptional soft tissue preservation, is published by Mayr, Hervet & Buffetaut (2018).[425]
  • A study on the fossil bird remains from the Pliocene locality of Kanapoi (Kenya), indicating presence of many aquatic birds, will be published by Field (2018).[426]
  • A study on the bird fossils from the Olduvai Gorge site (Tanzania) and their implications for inferring the environmental context of the site during the Oldowan-Acheulean transitional period is published by Prassack et al. (2018).[427]
  • A study on the bird fossil assemblage from the Pleistocene of the Rio Secco Cave (north-eastern Italy) and its implications for the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of the site is published by Carrera et al. (2018).[428]
  • Oswald & Steadman (2018) report nearly 500 (probably late Pleistocene) bird fossils collected on New Providence (The Bahamas) in 1958 and 1960.[429]
  • A study on the fossils of Pleistocene birds collected on Picard Island (Seychelles) in 1987 is published by Hume, Martill & Hing (2018).[430]

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Chenoanas asiatica[431]

Sp. nov

Valid

Zelenkov et al.

Middle Miocene

 China
 Mongolia

A duck.

Cinclosoma elachum[432]

Sp. nov

In press

Nguyen, Archer & Hand

Miocene

Riversleigh World Heritage Area

 Australia

A quail-thrush.

Eogranivora[433]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Zheng et al.

Early Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

 China

An early member of Ornithuromorpha. Genus includes new species E. edentulata.

Kischinskinia[434]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Volkova & Zelenkov

Early Miocene

 Russia

A passerine belonging to the group Certhioidea. Genus includes new species K. scandens.

Litorallus[435]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Mather et al.

Early Miocene (Altonian)

Bannockburn Formation

 New Zealand

A rail. The type species is L. livezeyi.

Muriwaimanu[436]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Mayr et al.

Late Paleocene

Waipara Greensand

 New Zealand

An early penguin; a new genus for "Waimanu" tuatahi Ando, Jones & Fordyce in Slack et al. (2006).

Panraogallus[437]

Gen. et sp. nov

Li et al.

Late Miocene

Liushu Formation

 China

A member of the family Phasianidae. The type species is P. hezhengensis.

Priscaweka[435]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Mather et al.

Early Miocene (Altonian)

Bannockburn Formation

 New Zealand

A rail. The type species is P. parvales.

Proardea? deschutteri[438]

Sp. nov

In press

Mayr et al.

Early Oligocene

 Belgium

A heron.

Rallus gracilipes[439]

Sp. nov

Valid

Takano & Steadman

Late Pleistocene

 The Bahamas

A rail, a species of Rallus.

Scolopax mira ohyamai [440]

Subsp. nov.

Valid

Matsuoka & Hasegawa

Late Pleistocene

 Japan

An extinct subspecies of the Amami woodcock (Scolopax mira).

Sequiwaimanu[436]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Mayr et al.

Middle Paleocene

Waipara Greensand

 New Zealand

An early penguin. Genus includes new species S. rosieae.

Vanellus liffyae[441]

Sp. nov.

Valid

De Pietri et al.

Late Pliocene

 Australia

A species of Vanellus.

Zygodactylus grandei[442]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Smith, DeBee & Clarke

Early Eocene

Green River Formation

 United States
( Wyoming)

A member of the family Zygodactylidae.

Pterosaurs

Research

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Alcione[457]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Longrich, Martill & Andres

Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian)

Ouled Abdoun Basin

 Morocco

A member of the family Nyctosauridae. The type species is A. elainus.

Barbaridactylus[457]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Longrich, Martill & Andres

Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian)

Ouled Abdoun Basin

 Morocco

A member of the family Nyctosauridae. The type species is B. grandis.

Serradraco[458]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Rigal, Martill & Sweetman

Early Cretaceous (late Valanginian or early Hauterivian)

Upper Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation

 United Kingdom

A pterodactyloid pterosaur; a new genus for "Pterodactylus" sagittirostris Owen (1874).

Simurghia[457]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Longrich, Martill & Andres

Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian)

Ouled Abdoun Basin

 Morocco

A member of the family Nyctosauridae. The type species is S. robusta.

Tethydraco[457]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Longrich, Martill & Andres

Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian)

Ouled Abdoun Basin

 Morocco

A member of the family Pteranodontidae. The type species is T. regalis.

Vesperopterylus[459]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Lü et al.

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

 China

A member of the family Anurognathidae. Genus includes new species V. lamadongensis.

Xericeps [460]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Martill et al.

Cretaceous (Albian or early Cenomanian)

Kem Kem Beds

 Morocco

A member of Azhdarchoidea. The type species is X. curvirostris.

Other archosauriforms

  • A study on the anatomy of Teleocrater rhadinus is published by Nesbitt et al. (2018).[461]
  • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of lagerpetid dinosauromorphs is published by Müller, Langer & Dias-da-Silva (2018).[462]
  • A study on the microstructure of the long bones (femur and tibiae) of Lewisuchus admixtus will be published by Garcia Marsà, Agnolín & Novas (2018).[463]
  • A study on the anatomy of the braincase of Silesaurus opolensis will be published by Piechowski, Niedźwiedzki & Tałanda (2018).[464]
  • Studies on the phylogenetic relationships of Pisanosaurus mertii will be published by Agnolín & Rozadilla (2018) and Baron (2018), who interpret the taxon as a likely silesaurid.[465][466]
  • Reevaluation of Caseosaurus crosbyensis and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Baron & Williams (2018).[467]

Other reptiles

Research

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Clevosaurus cambrica[485]

Sp. nov

Valid

Keeble, Whiteside & Benton

Late Triassic

 United Kingdom

Colobops[486]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Pritchard et al.

Late Triassic (Norian)

Newark Supergroup

 United States
( Connecticut)

A reptile of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a rhynchosaur. The type species is C. noviportensis.

Elginia wuyongae[487]

Sp. nov

Valid

Liu & Bever

Late Permian

Naobaogou Formation

 China

A pareiasaurid parareptile

Fraserosphenodon[488]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Herrera-Flores et al.

Late Triassic

 United Kingdom

A rhynchocephalian belonging to the group Opisthodontia; a new genus for "Clevosaurus" latidens Fraser (1993).

Fraxinisaura[489]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Schoch & Sues

Middle Triassic (Ladinian)

 Germany

A member of Lepidosauromorpha, probably a relative of Marmoretta oxoniensis. Genus includes new species F. rozynekae.

Labidosauriscus[490]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Modesto, Scott & Reisz

Early Permian

Richards Spur locality

 United States
( Oklahoma)

A member of the family Captorhinidae. Genus includes new species L. richardi.

Mandaphon[491]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Tsuji

Triassic

Manda Formation

 Tanzania

A member of the family Procolophonidae. The type species is M. nadra.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian synapsids

Research

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Ascendonanus[516]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Spindler et al.

Permian (Sakmarian-Artinskian transition)

Chemnitz petrified forest
(Leukersdorf Formation)

 Germany

A member of the family Varanopidae. Genus includes new species A. nestleri.

Gorynychus[517]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Kammerer & Masyutin

Permian

Kotelnich red beds

 Russia
( Kirov Oblast)

A therocephalian. The type species is G. masyutinae.

Leucocephalus[518]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Day et al.

Permian (early Wuchiapingian)

Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone of the Main Karoo Basin

 South Africa

A biarmosuchian belonging to the family Burnetiidae. The type species is L. wewersi.

Microvaranops[516]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Spindler et al.

Permian (Guadalupian)

Abrahamskraal Formation

 South Africa

A member of the family Varanopidae. Genus includes new species M. parentis.

Nochnitsa[519]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Kammerer & Masyutin

Permian

Kotelnich red beds

 Russia
( Kirov Oblast)

A gorgonopsian. The type species is N. geminidens.

Pentasaurus[520]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Kammerer

Late Triassic

Elliot Formation

 South Africa

A dicynodont belonging to the family Stahleckeriidae. The type species is P. goggai.

Polonodon[521]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Sulej et al.

Late Triassic (Carnian)

 Poland

A non-mammaliaform eucynodont. Genus includes new species P. woznikiensis.

Mammals

Main article: 2018 in mammal paleontology

Other animals

Research

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Acanthodesia variegata[565]

Sp. nov

Valid

Di Martino & Taylor

Holocene

 Indonesia

A bryozoan belonging to the group Cheilostomata and the family Membraniporidae.

Acoscinopleura albaruthenica[566]

Sp. nov

Valid

Koromyslova, Martha & Pakhnevich

Late Cretaceous (late Campanian)

 Belarus

A bryozoan belonging to the group Flustrina and the family Coscinopleuridae.

Acoscinopleura crassa[566]

Sp. nov

Valid

Koromyslova, Martha & Pakhnevich

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

 Germany

A bryozoan belonging to the group Flustrina and the family Coscinopleuridae.

Acoscinopleura dualis[566]

Sp. nov

Valid

Koromyslova, Martha & Pakhnevich

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

 Germany

A bryozoan belonging to the group Flustrina and the family Coscinopleuridae.

Acoscinopleura occulta[566]

Sp. nov

Valid

Koromyslova, Martha & Pakhnevich

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

 Germany

A bryozoan belonging to the group Flustrina and the family Coscinopleuridae.

‘Aechmella’ viskovae[567]

Sp. nov

In press

Koromyslova, Baraboshkin & Martha

Late Cretaceous

 Kazakhstan

A bryozoan.

Aechmellina[568]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Taylor, Martha & Gordon

Cretaceous (Cenomanian) to Paleocene (Danian).

 Denmark
 France
 Germany
 United Kingdom
 United States

A bryozoan belonging to the group Flustrina and the family Onychocellidae. The type species is "Aechmella" falcifera Voigt (1949); genus also includes "Homalostega" anglica Brydone (1909), "Aechmella" bassleri Voigt (1924), "Homalostega" biconvexa Brydone (1909), "Cellepora" hippocrepis Goldfuss (1826), "Aechmella" indefessa Taylor & McKinney (2006), "Aechmella" latistoma Berthelsen (1962), "Aechmella" linearis Voigt (1924), "Aechmella" parvilabris Voigt (1924), "Aechmella" pindborgi Berthelsen (1962), "Semieschara" proteus Brydone (1912), "Monoporella" seriata Levinsen (1925), "Aechmella" stenostoma Voigt (1930), "Reptescharinella" transversa d’Orbigny (1852) and "Aechmella" ventricosa Voigt (1924).

Alacaris[569]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Yang et al.

Cambrian Stage 3

Hongjingshao Formation

 China

A stem-arthropod related to Chengjiangocaris. The type species is A. mirabilis.

Allonnia nuda[570]

Sp. nov

Valid

Cong et al.

Cambrian Stage 3

Chengjiang Lagerstätte

 China

A chancelloriid.

Arnaopora[571]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Suárez Andrés & Wyse Jackson

Devonian

Moniello Formation

 Spain

A bryozoan belonging to the group Fenestrata. Genus includes new species A. sotoi.

Aspidostoma armatum[572]

Sp. nov

Valid

Pérez, López-Gappa & Griffin

Early Miocene

Monte León Formation

 Argentina

A cheilostome bryozoan belonging to the family Aspidostomatidae.

Aspidostoma roveretoi[572]

Sp. nov

Valid

Pérez, López-Gappa & Griffin

Late Miocene

Puerto Madryn Formation

 Argentina

A cheilostome bryozoan belonging to the family Aspidostomatidae.

Aspidostoma tehuelche[572]

Sp. nov

Valid

Pérez, López-Gappa & Griffin

Early to middle Miocene

Chenque Formation

 Argentina

A cheilostome bryozoan belonging to the family Aspidostomatidae.

Austroscolex sinensis[573]

Sp. nov

Valid

Liu et al.

Cambrian (Paibian)

 China

A palaeoscolecid.

Axilosoecia[574]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

In press

Taylor & Brezina

Paleocene (Danian) to early Miocene

Roca Formation

 Argentina
 New Zealand

A bryozoan belonging to the group Tubuliporina and the family Oncousoeciidae. The type species is A. giselae; genus also includes A. mediorubiensis.

Catenagraptus[575]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

VandenBerg

Ordovician (late Floian)

 Australia

A graptolite belonging to the group Sinograptina and the family Sigmagraptidae. The type species is C. communalis.

Characodoma wesselinghi[565]

Sp. nov

Valid

Di Martino & Taylor

Holocene

 Indonesia

A bryozoan belonging to the group Cheilostomata and the family Cleidochasmatidae.

Cheethamia aktolagayensis[567]

Sp. nov

In press

Koromyslova, Baraboshkin & Martha

Late Cretaceous

 Kazakhstan

A bryozoan.

Codositubulus[576]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Gámez Vintaned et al.

Cambrian

 Spain

A tubicolous animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is C. grioensis.

Colospongia lenis[577]

Sp. nov

Valid

Malysheva

Late Permian

 Russia
( Primorsky Krai)

A sponge.

Cornulites gondwanensis[578]

Sp. nov

Valid

Gutiérrez-Marco & Vinn

Ordovician (Hirnantian)

 Morocco

A member of Cornulitida.

Cupitheca convexa[579]

Sp. nov

Valid

Sun et al.

Cambrian

Manto Formation

 China

A member of Hyolitha.

Cystomeson[580]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Ernst, Krainer & Lucas

Carboniferous (Mississippian)

Lake Valley Formation

 United States
( New Mexico)

A bryozoan belonging to the group Cystoporata. Genus includes new species C. sierraensis.

Decoritheca? hageni[581]

Sp. nov

Valid

Peel & Willman

Cambrian Series 2

Buen Formation

 Greenland

A member of Hyolitha.

Didymograptellus kremastus[582]

Sp. nov

Valid

Vandenberg

Ordovician (Floian)

 Australia
 New Zealand
 Norway
 United States

A graptolite belonging to the group Dichograptina and the family Pterograptidae.

‘Escharoides’ charbonnieri[583]

Sp. nov

Valid

Di Martino, Martha & Taylor

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

 Madagascar

A bryozoan.

Fehiborypora[583]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Di Martino, Martha & Taylor

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

 Madagascar

A bryozoan; a new genus for "Cribilina" labiatula Canu (1922).

Gibbavasis[584]

Gen. et sp. nov

Vaziri, Majidifard & Laflamme

Ediacaran

Kushk Series

 Iran

A vase-shaped organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a poriferan-grade animal. The type species is G. kushkii.

Homoctenus katzerii[585]

Sp. nov

Valid

Comniskey & Ghilardi

Devonian (late Pragian or late Emsian)

Ponta Grossa Formation

 Brazil

A member of Tentaculitoidea belonging to the order Homoctenida and the family Homoctenidae.

Kamilocella[568]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Taylor, Martha & Gordon

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) to Campanian).

 Czech Republic
 France
 Germany

A bryozoan belonging to the group Flustrina and the family Onychocellidae. The type species is "Eschara" latilabris Reuss (1872); genus also includes "Eschara" acis d’Orbigny (1851), "Onychocella" barbata Martha, Niebuhr & Scholz (2017), "Eschara" cenomana d’Orbigny (1851) and "Eschara" labiata Počta (1892).

Kenocharixa[586]

Gen. et sp. et comb. nov

Valid

Dick, Sakamoto & Komatsu

Cretaceous to Eocene

 Japan
 New Zealand

A cheilostome bryozoan. Genus includes new species K. kashimaensis, as well as "Charixa goshouraensis Dick, Komatsu, Takashima & Ostrovsky (2013) and "Conopeum" stamenocelloides Gordon & Taylor (2015).

Khmeria minima[587]

Sp. nov

Valid

Wendt

Late Triassic (Carnian)

 Italy

An ascidian belonging to the new order Khmeriamorpha.

Khmeria stolonifera[587]

Sp. nov

Valid

Wendt

Late Permian, possibly also Carboniferous

 Cambodia
 Thailand
 Vietnam

An ascidian belonging to the new order Khmeriamorpha.

Kimberella persii[584]

Sp. nov

Vaziri, Majidifard & Laflamme

Ediacaran

Kushk Series

 Iran

A stem-mollusc bilaterian.

Kootenayscolex[588]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Nanglu & Caron

Cambrian

Burgess Shale

 Canada
( British Columbia)

A polychaete. Genus includes new species K. barbarensis.

Marginaria prolixa[586]

Sp. nov

Valid

Dick, Sakamoto & Komatsu

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

Himenoura Group

 Japan

A cheilostome bryozoan.

Matteolaspongia[589]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Botting, Zhang & Muir

Ordovician (Hirnantian)

Wenchang Formation

 China

A sponge, possibly a stem-rossellid. The type species is M. hemiglobosa.

Melychocella biperforata[572]

Sp. nov

Valid

Pérez, López-Gappa & Griffin

Early Miocene

Chenque Formation
Monte León Formation

 Argentina

A cheilostome bryozoan belonging to the family Aspidostomatidae.

Micrascidites gothicus[590]

Sp. nov

Valid

Sagular, Yümün & Meriç

Quaternary

 Turkey

A didemnid ascidian.

Minitaspongia[591]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Carrera et al.

Carboniferous (Tournaisian)

Agua de Lucho Formation

 Argentina

A hexactinellid sponge belonging to the family Dictyospongiidae. The type species is M. parvis.

Monniotia minutula[590]

Sp. nov

Valid

Sagular, Yümün & Meriç

Quaternary

 Turkey

A didemnid ascidian.

Nasaaraqia[581]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Peel & Willman

Cambrian Series 2

Buen Formation

 Greenland

Genus includes new species N. hyptiotheciformis.

Nevadotheca boerglumensis[581]

Sp. nov

Valid

Peel & Willman

Cambrian Series 2

Buen Formation

 Greenland

A member of Hyolitha.

Nogrobs moroccensis[592]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schlögl et al.

Middle Jurassic (Bajocian)

 Morocco

A serpulid polychaete.

Normalograptus baridaensis[593]

Sp. nov

In press

Štorch, Roqué Bernal & Gutiérrez-Marco

Ordovician (Hirnantian)

 Spain

A graptolite.

Normalograptus ednae[593]

Sp. nov

In press

Štorch, Roqué Bernal & Gutiérrez-Marco

Silurian (Rhuddanian)

 Spain

A graptolite.

‘Plagioecia’ antanihodiensis[583]

Sp. nov

Valid

Di Martino, Martha & Taylor

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

 Madagascar

A bryozoan.

Pleurocodonellina javanensis[565]

Sp. nov

Valid

Di Martino & Taylor

Early Pleistocene

Pucangan Formation

 Indonesia

A bryozoan belonging to the group Cheilostomata and the family Smittinidae.

Protohertzina compressa[594]

Sp. nov

Valid

Slater, Harvey & Butterfield

Cambrian (Terreneuvian)

Lontova Formation
Voosi Formation

 Estonia

A member of the total group of Chaetognatha.

Ramskoeldia[595]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Cong et al.

Cambrian

Maotianshan Shales

 China

A member of Radiodonta related to Amplectobelua. Genus includes new species R. platyacantha and R. consimilis.

Seqineqia[596]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Peel

Cambrian (Guzhangian)

Holm Dal Formation

 Greenland

A sponge. The type species is S. bottingi.

Shaanxiscolex[597]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Yang et al.

Cambrian Stage 4

 China

A palaeoscolecid. The type species is S. xixiangensis.

Sisamatispongia[596]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Peel

Cambrian (Guzhangian)

Holm Dal Formation

 Greenland

A sponge. The type species is S. erecta.

Sonarina[598]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Taylor & Di Martino

Late Cretaceous (late Campanian or early Maastrichtian)

Kallankurichchi Formation

 India

A cheilostome bryozoan belonging to the family Onychocellidae. Genus includes new species S. tamilensis.

Stanleycaris[548]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Pates, Daley & Ortega-Hernández

Cambrian

Stephen Formation
Wheeler Formation

 Canada
( British Columbia)
 United States
( Utah)

A member of Radiodonta belonging to the group Hurdiidae. The type species is S. hirpex. The original description of the taxon appeared in an online supplement to the article published by Caron et al. (2010),[599] making in invalid until it was validated by Pates, Daley & Ortega-Hernández (2018).[547][548]

Styliolina langenii[585]

Sp. nov

Valid

Comniskey & Ghilardi

Devonian (middle to late Emsian)

Ponta Grossa Formation

 Brazil

A member of Tentaculitoidea belonging to the order Dacryoconarida and the family Styliolinidae.

Sullulika[581]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Peel & Willman

Cambrian Series 2

Buen Formation

 Greenland

A selkirkiid stem-priapulid. Genus includes new species S. broenlundi.

Tallitaniqa[596]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Peel

Cambrian (Guzhangian)

Holm Dal Formation

 Greenland

A sponge. The type species is T. petalliformis.

Tentaculites kozlowskii[585]

Sp. nov

Valid

Comniskey & Ghilardi

Devonian (late Pragian or late Emsian)

Ponta Grossa Formation

 Brazil

A member of Tentaculitoidea belonging to the order Tentaculitida and the family Tentaculitidae.

Tentaculites paranaensis[585]

Sp. nov

Valid

Comniskey & Ghilardi

Devonian (late Pragian or late Emsian)

Ponta Grossa Formation

 Brazil

A member of Tentaculitoidea belonging to the order Tentaculitida and the family Tentaculitidae.

Trapezovitus malinkyi[581]

Sp. nov

Valid

Peel & Willman

Cambrian Series 2

Buen Formation

 Greenland

A member of Hyolitha.

Turbicellepora yasuharai[565]

Sp. nov

Valid

Di Martino & Taylor

Holocene

 Indonesia

A bryozoan belonging to the group Cheilostomata and the family Celleporidae.

Uniconus ciguelii[585]

Sp. nov

Valid

Comniskey & Ghilardi

Devonian (late Pragian or late Emsian)

Ponta Grossa Formation

 Brazil

A member of Tentaculitoidea belonging to the order Tentaculitida and the family Uniconidae.

Zardinisoma[587]

Gen. et 5 sp. nov

Valid

Wendt

Permian (Wordian) to Triassic (Carnian)

San Cassiano Formation

 Italy
 Japan

An ascidian belonging to the new order Khmeriamorpha. The type species is Z. cassianum; genus also includes Z. japonicum, Z. pauciplacophorum, Z. pyriforme and Z. polyplacophorum.

Zhijinites tumourifomis[600]

Sp. nov

Valid

Pan, Feng & Chang

Cambrian (Terreneuvian)

Yanjiahe Formation

 China

A small shelly fossil.

Other organisms

Research

  • Carbon isotope analyses of 11 microbial fossils from the ∼3,465-million-year-old Apex chert (Australia) are published by Schopf et al. (2018), who interpret two of the five studied species as primitive photosynthesizers, one as an Archaeal methane producer, and two as methane consumers.[601]
  • Carbonaceous microstructures interpreted as evidence of early life are described from the ~3,472-million-year-old Middle Marker horizon, Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa) by Hickman-Lewis et al. (2018).[602]
  • A study on the chemical, isotopic and molecular structural characteristics of the putative multicellular eukaryote fossils from carbonaceous compressions in the 1.63 billion years old Tuanshanzi Formation (China) is published by Qu et al. (2018).[603]
  • Intact porphyrins, the molecular fossils of chlorophylls, are described from 1,100-million-year-old marine black shales of the Taoudeni Basin (Mauritania) by Gueneli et al. (2018), who also study the nitrogen isotopic values of the fossil pigments, and interpret their findings as indicating that the oceans of that time were dominated by cyanobacteria, while larger planktonic algae were scarce.[604]
  • Bobrovskiy et al. (2018) report molecular fossils from organically preserved specimens of Beltanelliformis, and interpret the fossils as representing large spherical colonies of cyanobacteria.[605]
  • A study on the age of the fossil red alga Bangiomorpha pubescens is published by Gibson et al. (2018).[606]
  • A study on the positions of fossil specimens in the assemblages of Ediacaran fossils from Mistaken Point (Canada), as well as on their implications for inferring the interactions and associations between the Ediacaran organisms, is published by Mitchell & Butterfield (2018).[607]
  • A study on the height of Ediacaran organisms from Mistaken Point, evaluating the link between the increase of height and resource competition or greater offspring dispersal, is published by Mitchell & Kenchington (2018).[608]
  • Evidence of a radiation of the Ediacaran biota that witnessed the emergence and widespread implementation of novel, animal-style ecologies is presented by Tarhan et al. (2018), who argue that this transition was linked to the expansion of Ediacaran taxa into dynamic, shallow marine environments characterized by episodic disturbance and complex and diverse organically-bound substrates, and propose that younger, second-wave Ediacaran communities resulting from said radiation were part of an ecological and evolutionary continuum with Phanerozoic ecosystems.[609]
  • Elliptical body fossils are described from the Ediacaran–Fortunian deposits of central Brittany (France) by Néraudeau et al. (2018), representing the first body fossils described from these deposits.[610]
  • Fossils interpreted as threads of filamentous cyanobacteria are described from the Cambrian (Guzhangian) Alum Shale Formation (Sweden) by Castellani et al. (2018).[611]
  • A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the rangeomorphs will be published by Dececchi et al. (2018).[612]
  • Enigmatic Devonian taxon Protonympha is interpreted as a possible post-Ediacaran vendobiont by Retallack (2018).[613]
  • Taxonomic compilation and partial revision of early Eocene deep-sea benthic Foraminifera is presented by Arreguín-Rodríguez et al. (2018).[614]
  • A study on the responses of two species of foraminifera (extant Truncorotalia crassaformis and extinct Globoconella puncticulata) to climate change during the the late Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (3.6–2.4 million years ago) is published by Brombacher et al. (2018).[615]
  • Description of fossils of nonmarine diatoms belonging to the genus Actinocyclus from the Lower to Middle Miocene lacustrine deposits in Japan and a study on the possible causal links between the evolution of nonmarine planktonic diatoms and the climatic and environmental changes that occurred during the Miocene is published by Hayashi et al. (2018).[616]

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Alabamina heyae[617]

Sp. nov

Valid

Fox et al.

Oligocene

 Germany

A foraminifer belonging to the group Rotaliida and the family Alabaminidae.

Alievium mangalensiense[618]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bragina & Bragin

Late Cretaceous

 Cyprus

A radiolarian belonging to the family Pseudoaulophacidae.

Ammobaculoides dhrumaensis[619]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kaminski, Malik & Setoyama

Middle Jurassic (Bajocian)

Dhruma Formation

 Saudi Arabia

A foraminifer belonging to the group Lituolida and the family Spiroplectamminidae.

Amsassia yushanensis[620]

Sp. nov

In press

Lee et al.

Late Ordovician

Xiazhen Formation

 China

A coral-like organism.

Anhuithrix[621]

Gen. et comb. nov

Pang et al.

Tonian

Liulaobei Formation

 China

A member of Cyanobacteria; a new genus for "Omalophyma" magna Steiner (1994).

Baculiphyca brevistipitata[622]

Sp. nov

In press

Ye et al.

Ediacaran

 China

A macroalga.

Doulia[623]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Lian et al.

Cambrian Stage 3

Hongjingshao Formation

 China

A possible planktonic alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species D. rara.

Doushantuophyton? laticladus[622]

Sp. nov

In press

Ye et al.

Ediacaran

 China

A macroalga.

Enteromorphites magnus[622]

Sp. nov

In press

Ye et al.

Ediacaran

 China

A macroalga.

Eolaminaria simigladiola[623]

Sp. nov

Valid

Lian et al.

Cambrian Stage 3

Hongjingshao Formation

 China

A macroalga of uncertain phylogenetic placement.

Epistacheoides bozorgniai[624]

Sp. nov

Valid

Falahatgar, Vachard & Sarfi

Carboniferous (Viséan)

 Iran

An alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement.

Girvanella lianiformis[625]

Sp. nov

In press

Peel

Cambrian (Drumian)

Ekspedition Bræ Formation

 Greenland

A member of Cyanobacteria belonging to the family Cyanophyceae.

Girvanella pituutaq[625]

Sp. nov

In press

Peel

Cambrian (Drumian)

Ekspedition Bræ Formation

 Greenland

A member of Cyanobacteria belonging to the family Cyanophyceae.

Hemisphaerammina apta[626]

Sp. nov

Valid

McNeil & Neville

Early Eocene

Beaufort Sea

A foraminifer belonging to the order Astrorhizida and the suborder Hemisphaeramminineae.

Ichnusella senerae[627]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rigaud, Schlagintweit & Bucur

Early Cretaceous (Barremian–early Aptian)

 Austria
 France
 Italy
 Romania
 Turkey
 Croatia?
 Serbia?
 Ukraine?

A foraminifer belonging to the group Spirillinida and the family Spirillinidae.

Konglingiphyton? laterale[622]

Sp. nov

In press

Ye et al.

Ediacaran

 China

A macroalga.

Leiosphaeridia gorda[628]

Sp. nov

Valid

Loron & Moczydłowska

Tonian

Visingsö Group
Wynniatt Formation

 Canada
 Sweden

An unicellular microorganism of algal affinities.

Lenticulina stewarti[617]

Sp. nov

Valid

Fox et al.

Oligocene (Rupelian)

 Germany

A foraminifer belonging to the group Nodosariacea and the family Vaginulinidae.

Lontohystrichosphaera[594]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Slater, Harvey & Butterfield

Cambrian (Terreneuvian)

Lontova Formation

 Estonia

A large ornamented acritarch of unresolved biological affinity, probably an ontogenetically and metabolically active eukaryotic organism rather than a dormant protistan cyst. Genus includes new species L. grandis.

Mallomonas aperturae[629]

Sp. nov

Valid

Siver

Middle Eocene

Giraffe Pipe locality

 Canada

A synurid, a species of Mallomonas.

Maxiphyton[622]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Ye et al.

Ediacaran

 China

A macroalga. Genus includes new species M. stipitatum.

Mispertonia[630]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

McLean et al.

Carboniferous (Mississippian) to Late Permian or Early Triassic

 India
 United Kingdom

An organic-walled microfossil of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species M. desiccata.

Moorodinium crispa[631]

Sp. nov

In press

Wainman et al.

Late Jurassic (late Kimmeridgian–early Tithonian)

Surat Basin

 Australia

A dinoflagellate.

Neotrocholina theodori[627]

Sp. nov

Valid

Rigaud, Schlagintweit & Bucur

Early Cretaceous (Barremian–early Aptian)

 Austria
 France
 Iran
 Poland
 Romania
 Turkey

A foraminifer belonging to the group Spirillinida and the family Spirillinidae.

Nonion cepa[617]

Sp. nov

Valid

Fox et al.

Late Oligocene to early Miocene

Central North Sea basin
 Netherlands

A foraminifer belonging to the group Rotaliida and the family Nonionidae.

Obamus[632]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Dzaugis et al.

Ediacaran

Rawnsley Quartzite

 Australia

A torus-shaped organism, similar in gross morphology to some poriferans and benthic cnidarians. Genus includes new species O. coronatus.

Omphalocyclus macroporus ellipsoides[633]

Subsp. nov

Valid

Al Nuaimy

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Aqra Formation

 Iraq

A foraminifer.

Omphalocyclus macroporus maukabensis[633]

Subsp. nov

Valid

Al Nuaimy

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Aqra Formation

 Iraq

A foraminifer.

Orpikania[625]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Peel

Cambrian (Drumian)

Ekspedition Bræ Formation

 Greenland

A member of the family Epiphytaceae (a group of organisms of uncertain phylogenetic placement). Genus includes new species O. freucheni.

Pakupaku[634]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Riedman, Porter & Calver

Tonian

Black River Dolomite

 Australia

A vase-shaped microfossil. Genus includes new species P. kabin.

Palaeoelphidium[635]

Gen. et comb. nov

Valid

Consorti, Schlagintweit & Rashidi

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

 Iran
 Iraq
 Qatar

A foraminifer belonging to the family Elphidiellidae; a new genus for "Elphidiella" multiscissurata Smout (1955).

Palaeomycus[636]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Poinar

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)

Burmese amber

 Myanmar

A fungus described on the basis of pycnidia. Genus includes new species P. epallelus.

Perexiflasca[637]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Krings, Harper & Taylor

Devonian (Pragian)

Rhynie chert

 United Kingdom

A small, chytrid-like organism. Genus includes new species P. tayloriana.

Phyllopsora magna[638]

Sp. nov

Valid

Kaasalainen, Rikkinen & Schmidt in Kaasalainen et al.

Miocene

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A lichenized fungus, a species of Phyllopsora.

Pseudoalievium[618]

Gen. et 2 sp. nov

Valid

Bragina & Bragin

Late Cretaceous

 Cyprus

A radiolarian belonging to the family Pseudoaulophacidae. Genus includes new species P. parekklisiense and P. inflatum.

Pseudoaulophacus decoratus[618]

Sp. nov

Valid

Bragina & Bragin

Late Cretaceous

 Cyprus

A radiolarian belonging to the family Pseudoaulophacidae.

Retesporangicus[639]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Strullu-Derrien in Strullu-Derrien et al.

Early Devonian

Rhynie chert

 United Kingdom

A fungus belonging to the group Blastocladiomycota, of uncertain phylogenetic placement within the latter group. Genus includes new species R. lyonii.

Retiranus[594]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Slater, Harvey & Butterfield

Cambrian (Terreneuvian)

Lontova Formation
Voosi Formation

 Estonia
 Lithuania

A sheet-like or funnel-shaped organism of unresolved biological affinity. Genus includes new species R. balticus.

Rugophyca[623]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Lian et al.

Cambrian Stage 3

Hongjingshao Formation

 China

A macroalga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species R. longa.

Singulariphyca[623]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Lian et al.

Cambrian Stage 3

Hongjingshao Formation

 China

A macroalga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species S. ramosa.

Sinocylindra linearis[622]

Sp. nov

In press

Ye et al.

Ediacaran

 China

An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly an alga or an exceptionally large prokaryote.

Skuadinium fusum[631]

Sp. nov

In press

Wainman et al.

Late Jurassic (late Kimmeridgian–early Tithonian)

Surat Basin

 Australia

A dinoflagellate.

Synsphaeridium parahioense[640]

Sp. nov

Valid

Yin et al.

Cambrian Series 3

 India

An acritarch.

Tristratothallus[641]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Edwards et al.

Silurian (Ludfordian)

Downton Castle Sandstone Formation

 United Kingdom

A nematophyte belonging to the family Nematothallaceae. Genus includes new species T. ludfordensis.

Uvigerina kingi[617]

Sp. nov

Valid

Fox et al.

Middle Miocene

 Netherlands
Southern and central North Sea

A foraminifer belonging to the group Rotaliida and the family Uvigerinidae.

Vendotaenia pavimentpes[642]

Sp. nov

Valid

Yang & Qin in Yang et al.

Ediacaran

Dengying Formation

 China

An alga.

Vendotaenia sixiense[642]

Sp. nov

Valid

Yang & Qin in Yang et al.

Ediacaran

Dengying Formation

 China

An alga.

Vizellopsidites[643]

Gen. et sp. nov

In press

Khan, Bera & Bera

Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene

Kimin Formation

 India

A fossil fungus found on the surface of fossilized leaf fragments. Genus includes new species V. siwalika.

Windipila pumila[644]

Sp. nov

Valid

Krings & Harper

Early Devonian

Rhynie chert

 United Kingdom

A fungal reproductive unit.

General paleontology

Research related to paleontology that either does not concern any of the groups of the organisms listed above, or concerns multiple groups.

  • A study on the geologic record of Milankovitch climate cycles, extending their analysis into the Proterozoic and aiming to reconstruct the history of solar system characteristics, is published by Meyers & Malinverno (2018).[645]
  • A study on the effect of different forms of primitive photosynthesis on Earth’s early atmospheric chemistry and climate is published by Ozaki et al. (2018).[646]
  • A study on the history of life on Earth is published by McMahon & Parnell (2018), who argue that the subsurface “deep biosphere” outweighed the surface biosphere by about one order of magnitude for at least half of the history of life.[647]
  • A study on the nitrogen isotope ratios, selenium abundances, and selenium isotope ratios from the ∼2.66 billion years old Jeerinah Formation (Australia), providing evidence of transient surface ocean oxygenation ∼260 million years before the Great Oxygenation Event, is published by Koehler et al. (2018).[648]
  • A study on living cyanobacteria, testing the hypothesis that planktonic single-celled cyanobacteria could drive the export of organic carbon from the surface to deep ocean in the Paleoproterozoic, is published by Kamennaya et al. (2018).[649]
  • A study on the abundance of bio-essential trace elements during the period in Earth's history known as the "Boring Billion" is published by Mukherjee et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as incidacting that key biological innovations in eukaryote evolution (the appearance of first eukaryotes, the acquisition of certain cell organelles, the origin of multicellularity and the origin of sexual reproduction) probably occurred during the period of a scarcity of trace elements, followed by a broad-scale diversification of eukaryotes during the period of a relative abundance of trace elements.[650]
  • A study on the ocean chemistry at the start of the Mesoproterozoic as indicated by rare earth element, iron-speciation and inorganic carbon isotope data from the 1,600–1,550 million years old Yanliao Basin, North China Craton is published by Zhang et al. (2018), who report evidence of a progressive oxygenation event starting at ~1,570 million years ago, immediately prior to the occurrence of complex multicellular eukaryotes in shelf areas of the Yanliao Basin.[651]
  • A study on the Earth's atmosphere and the productivity of global biosphere 1.4 billion years ago, based on triple oxygen isotope measurements sedimentary sulfates from the Sibley basin (Ontario, Canada), is published by Crockford et al. (2018).[652]
  • A study on the timing of the onset of the Sturtian glaciation, based on new stratigraphic and geochronological data from the upper Tambien Group (Ethiopia), is published by Scott MacLennan et al. (2018).[653]
  • A study on wave ripples and tidal laminae in the Elatina Formation (Australia), interpreted as evidence of rapid sea level rise in the aftermath of the Marinoan glaciation, is published by Myrow, Lamb & Ewing (2018).[654]
  • A study on the environments and food sources that sustained the Ediacaran biota is published by Pehr et al. (2018), who present the lipid biomarker and nitrogen and carbon isotopic data obtained from late Ediacaran (<560  million years old) strata from seven drill cores and three outcrops spanning Baltica.[655]
  • A study on the global ocean redox conditions at a time when the Ediacaran biota began to decline, based on analysis of uranium isotopes in carbonates from the Dengying Formation (China), is published by Zhang et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicative of an episode of extensive oceanic anoxia at the end of the Ediacaran.[656]
  • New uranium isotope data from upper Ediacaran to lower Cambrian marine carbonate successions, indicative of short-lived episodes of widespread marine anoxia near the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition and during Cambrian Stage 2, is presented by Wei et al. (2018), who argue that the Cambrian explosion might have been triggered by marine redox fluctuations rather than progressive oxygenation.[657]
  • A review of the evidence for shell crushing (durophagy), drilling and puncturing predation in the Cambrian (and possibly the Ediacaran) is published by Bicknell & Paterson (2018).[658]
  • A study on the timing and process of ocean oxygenation in the early Cambrian and its impact on the diversification of early Cambrian animals, based on data from the Cambrian Niutitang Formation (China), is published by Zhao et al. (2018).[659]
  • A study on the isotopic composition and surface temperatures of early Cambrian seas, based on stable oxygen isotope data from the small shelly fossils from the Comley limestones (United Kingdom), is published by Hearing et al. (2018).[660]
  • Gougeon et al. (2018) report evidence from the Lower Cambrian Chapel Island Formation (Canada) indicating that a mixed layer of sediment, of similar structure to that of modern marine sediments (which results from bioturbation by epifaunal and shallow infaunal organisms), was well established in shallow marine settings by the early Cambrian.[661]
  • A study on the effects of the rise of bioturbation on global elemental cycles during the Cambrian is published by van de Velde et al. (2018).[662]
  • A study on the timing of the Sauk transgression in the Grand Canyon region is published by Karlstrom et al. (2018).[663]
  • A study on the oxygen isotope composition of seawater throughout the Phanerozoic is published by Ryb & Eiler (2018).[664]
  • A study on the evolution of marine animal communities over the Phanerozoic, evaluating the ecological changes caused by major radiations and mass extinctions, is published by Muscente et al. (2018).[665]
  • A study on the impact of mass extinctions on the global biogeographical structure, as indicated by data on time-traceable bioregions for benthic marine species across the Phanerozoic, is published by Kocsis, Reddin & Kiessling (2018).[666]
  • A study on the nektic and eunektic diversity and occurrences throughout the Paleozoic is published by Whalen & Briggs (2018).[667]
  • A study analyzing the link between net latitudinal range shifts of marine invertebrates and seawater temperature over the (post-Cambrian) Phanerozoic Eon is published by Reddin, Kocsis & Kiessling (2018).[668]
  • A study evaluating the link between macroevolutionary success (evolving many species) and macroecological success (the occupation of an unusually high number of areas by a species or clade) in fossil echinoid, cephalopod, bivalve, gastropod, brachiopod and trilobite species is published by Wagner, Plotnick & Lyons (2018).[669]
  • A review of the history of the definition of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, aiming to clarify its concept and duration, is published by Servais & Harper (2018).[670]
  • A study comparing the extinction events which occurred at the end of the Ordovician and at the end of the Capitanian (middle Permian) is published by Isozaki & Servais (2018).[671]
  • Evidence from uranium isotopes from Upper Ordovician–lower Silurian marine limestones of Anticosti Island (Canada), indicative of an abrupt global-ocean anoxic event coincident with the Late Ordovician mass extinction, is presented by Bartlett et al. (2018).[672]
  • A study on the ocean redox conditions and climate change across a Late Ordovician to Early Silurian on the Yangtze Shelf Sea (China) and their implications for inferring the causes of the Late Ordovician mass extinction is published by Zou et al. (2018).[673]
  • A study on the Devonian strata in the Zachełmie Quarry (Poland) preserving tracks of early tetrapods is published by Qvarnström et al. (2018), who reinterpret the tracks as produced in non-marine environment.[674]
  • Evidence of multiple mercury enrichments in the two-step late Frasnian crisis interval from paleogeographically distant successions in Morocco, Germany and northern Russia is presented by Racki et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that the Late Devonian extinction was caused by rapid climatic perturbations promoted in turn by volcanic cataclysm.[675]
  • A study on the sedimentary facies, oxygen isotopes and the generic conodont composition in two continuous Devonian (late Frasnian to the end-Famennian) outcrops in the Montagne Noire (Col des Tribes section, France, part of the Armorica microcontinent in the Devonian) and in the Buschteich section (Germany, part of the Saxo-Thuringian microplate in the Devonian), assessing the water depth, approximate position relative to the shore and paleotemperatures in the Late Devonian, and evaluating whether environmental changes affected both areas similarly and at the same pace in the Late Devonian, is published by Girard et al. (2018).[676]
  • A study on the climate changes during the period of the Late Devonian extinction (and possibly causing it), inferred from a high-resolution oxygen isotope record based on conodont apatite from the Frasnian–Famennian transition in South China, is published by Huang, Joachimski & Gong (2018).[677]
  • A study on the age of a bentonite layer from Bed 36 in the Frasnian–Famennian succession at the abandoned Steinbruch Schmidt Quarry (Germany), aiming to determine the precise age of the Frasnian–Famennian boundary and the precise timing of the Late Devonian extinction, is published by Percival et al. (2018).[678]
  • A study on the atmospheric oxygen levels through the Phanerozoic, evaluating whether Romer's gap and the concurrent gap in the fossil record of insects were caused by low oxygen levels, is published by Schachat et al. (2018).[679]
  • A study on the early tetrapod diversity and biogeography in the Carboniferous and early Permian, evaluating the impact of the Carboniferous rainforest collapse on early tetrapod communities, is published by Dunne et al. (2018).[680]
  • O’Connor et al. (2018) reconstruct the most likely karyotype of the diapsid common ancestor based on data from extant reptiles and birds, and argue that most features of a typical ‘avian-like’ karyotype were in place before the divergence of birds and turtles ~255 million years ago.[681]
  • A study evaluating whether the fossil record supports the reality of the Permian Olson's Extinction, based on an analysis of the tetrapod species richness in the tetrapod-bearing formations of Texas preserving fossils from the time of the extinction, is published by Brocklehurst (2018).[682]
  • A study on the environmental changes and faunal turnover in the Karoo Basin (South Africa) during the late Permian is published by Viglietti, Smith & Rubidge (2018).[683]
  • A study on carbonate microfacies and foraminifer abundances in three Upper Permian sections from isolated carbonate platforms of the Nanpanjiang Basin (China), indicative of a marine environmental instability up to 60,000 years preceding Permian–Triassic extinction event, is published by Tian et al. (2018).[684]
  • A study on the changes of distribution of terrestrial tetrapods from the Permian (Guadalupian) to the Middle Triassic and on the impact of the Permian–Triassic extinction event on the palaeobiogeography of terrestrial tetrapods is published by Bernardi, Petti & Benton (2018).[685]
  • First tetrapod tracks from the Upper Permian–Lower Triassic (Lopingian–Induan) eolian strata of southern Brazil, assigned to the ichnotaxa Dicynodontipus isp. and Chelichnus bucklandi, are described by Francischini et al. (2018).[686]
  • A study on the recovery of benthic invertebrates following the Permian–Triassic extinction event, based on analysis of changes in the species richness, functional richness, evenness, composition, and ecological complexity of benthic marine communities from the Lower Triassic Servino Formation (Italy), is published by Foster et al. (2018).[687]
  • Evidence of multiple episodes of oceanic anoxia in the Early Triassic, based on U-isotope data from carbonates of the uppermost Permian to lowermost Middle Triassic Zal section (Iran), is presented by Zhang et al. (2018).[688]
  • Marine faunas characterized by unusually high levels of both benthic and nektonic taxonomic richness are described from two Early Triassic sections from South China by Dai et al. (2018).[689]
  • A study on the historical shifts in geographical ranges and climatic niches of terrestrial vertebrates (both endotherms and ectotherms) based on data from extant and fossil vertebrates is published by Rolland et al. (2018).[690]
  • A study on the age of the dinosaur-bearing Triassic Santa Maria Formation and Caturrita Formation (Brazil) is published by Langer, Ramezani & Da Rosa (2018).[691]
  • Paleomagnetic and geochronologic study on the Chinle Formation (Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, United States) is published by Kent et al. (2018), who report evidence indicating that a 405,000-year orbital eccentricity cycle linked to gravitational interactions with Jupiter and Venus was already influencing Earth's climate in the Late Triassic.[692]
  • A study on the patterns of diversity change and extinction selectivity in marine ecosystems during the Triassic–Jurassic interval, especially in relation to the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, is published by Dunhill et al. (2018).[693]
  • Evidence of sill intrusions which were likely cause of the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event is reported from the Amazonas and Solimões basins (Brazil) by Heimdal et al. (2018).[694]
  • A study on changes in global bottom water oxygen contents over the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, based on thallium isotope records from two ocean basins, is published by Them et al. (2018), who report evidence of global marine deoxygenation of ocean water some 600,000 years before the classically defined Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event.[695]
  • A study on the impact of changes in ocean chemistry beginning in the Mesozoic on the nutritional quality of planktonic algal biomass compared to earlier phytoplankton is published by Giordano et al. (2018).[696]
  • A study on the morphological, ecological and behavioural traits linked to the evolution of tail weaponization in extant and fossil amniotes is published by Arbour & Zanno (2018).[697]
  • A study on the factors which led to the colonization of marine environments in the evolution of amniotes is published by Vermeij & Motani (2018).[698]
  • A review of marine reptile (plesiosaur, ichthyosaur and thalattosuchian) fossils from the Oxfordian sedimentary rocks in Great Britain (United Kingdom), focusing on the Corallian Group, is published by Foffa, Young & Brusatte (2018), who report evidence of a severe reduction in observed marine reptile diversity during the Oxfordian.[699]
  • A diverse footprint assemblage dominated by small mammal tracks is described from the Lower Cretaceous Patuxent Formation (Maryland, United States) by Stanford et al. (2018), who name a new mammal ichnotaxon Sederipes goddardensis.[700]
  • Description of an assemblage of Early Cretaceous (Barremian) coprolites from the Las Hoyas Konservat-Lagerstätte (Spain) and a study on their biological and environmental affinities is published by Barrios-de Pedro et al. (2018).[701]
  • A study on the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration levels in the Early Cretaceous based on data from specimens of the fossil conifer species Pseudofrenelopsis papillosa is published by Jing & Bainian (2018).[702]
  • A study on the rainfall seasonality and freshwater discharge on the Indian subcontinent in the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), based on data from specimens of the mollusc species Phygraea (Phygraea) vesicularis from the Kallankuruchchi Formation (India), is published by Ghosh et al. (2018).[703]
  • Evidence of increased crustal production at mid-ocean ridges at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, indicative of magmatism triggered by Chicxulub impact, is presented by Byrnes & Karlstrom (2018).[704]
  • A study on the terrestrial climate in northern China at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, indicating the occurrence of a warming caused by the onset of Deccan Traps volcanism and the occurrence of extinctions prior to the Chicxulub impact, is published by Zhang et al. (2018).[705]
  • A study on the oxygen isotopic composition of fish debris from the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary at El Kef (Tunisia), indicative of a greenhouse warming in the aftermath of the Chicxulub impact, is published by MacLeod et al. (2018).[706]
  • A study on the environmental changes during the global warming following the brief impact winter at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, based on geochemical, micropaleontological and palynological data from Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary sections in Texas, Denmark and Spain, is published by Vellekoop et al. (2018).[707]
  • A record of foraminifera, calcareous nannoplankton, trace fossils and elemental abundance data from within the Chicxulub crater, dated to approximately the first 200,000 years of the Paleocene, is presented by Lowery et al. (2018), who report evidence indicating that life reappeared in the basin just years after the Chicxulub impact and a high-productivity ecosystem was established within 30,000 years.[708]
  • Evidence from sulfur-isotope data indicative of a large-scale ocean deoxygenation during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum is presented by Yao, Paytan & Wortmann (2018).[709]
  • A study on the tropical sea-surface temperatures in the Eocene is published by Evans et al. (2018).[710]
  • A continuous Eocene equatorial sea surface temperature record is presented by Cramwinckel et al. (2018), who also construct a 26-million-year multi-proxy, multi-site stack of Eocene tropical climate evolution.[711]
  • A 25-million-year-long alkenone-based record of surface temperature change in the Paleogene from the North Atlantic Ocean is presented by Liu et al. (2018).[712]
  • A study on changes in local climate and habitat conditions in central Spain in a period from 9.1 to 6.3 million years ago, and on the diet and ecology of large mammals from this area in this time period as indicated by tooth wear patterns, is published by De Miguel, Azanza & Morales (2018).[713]
  • Faith (2018) evaluates the aridity index, a widely used technique for reconstructing local paleoclimate and water deficits from oxygen isotope composition of fossil mammal teeth, arguing that in some taxa altered drinking behavior (influencing oxygen isotope composition of teeth) might have been caused by dietary change rather than water deficits.[714][715][716]
  • A study on the likely magnitude of the sea-level drawdown during the Messinian salinity crisis, based on the analysis of the late Neogene faunas of the Balearic Islands, is published by Mas et al. (2018).[717]
  • An extensive, buried sedimentary body deposited by the passage of a megaflood from the western to the eastern Mediterranean Sea in the Pliocene (Zanclean), at the end of the Messinian salinity crisis, is identified in the western Ionian Basin by Micallef et al. (2018).[718]
  • A study evaluating when the island of Sulawesi (Indonesia) gained its modern shape and size, and determining the timings of diversification of the three largest endemic mammals on the island (the babirusa, the Celebes warty pig and the anoa) is published by Frantz et al. (2018).[719]
  • A study on the Pliocene fish fossils from the Kanapoi site (Kenya) and their implications for reconstructing lake and river environments in the Kanapoi Formation is published by Stewart & Rufolo (2018).[720]
  • A study on the hydrological changes in the Limpopo River catchment and in sea surface temperature in the southwestern Indian Ocean for the past 2.14 million years, and on their implications for inferring the palaeoclimatic changes in southeastern Africa in this time period and their possible impact on the evolution of early hominins, is published by Caley et al. (2018).[721]
  • A study on the reptile and amphibian fossils from the early Pleistocene site of the Russel-Tiglia-Egypte pit near Tegelen (Netherlands) is published by Villa et al. (2018).[722]
  • Domínguez-Rodrigo & Baquedano (2018) evaluate the ability of successful machine learning methods to compare and distinguish various types of bone surface modifications (trampling marks, crocodile bite marks and cut marks made with stone tools) in archaeofaunal assemblages.[723]
  • Description of new mammal and fish remains from the Olduvai Gorge site (Tanzania), comparing the mammal assemblage from this site to the present mammal community of Serengeti, and a study on their implications for reconstructing the paleoecology of this site at ∼1.7–1.4 million years ago, is published by Bibi et al. (2018).[724]
  • A study on the structure of the animal community known from the Okote Member of the Koobi Fora Formation at East Turkana (Kenya) as indicated by tracks and skeletal assemblages, and on the interactions of Homo erectus with environment and associated faunas from this site, is published by Roach et al. (2018).[725]
  • A study on the environmental dynamics before and after the onset of the early Middle Stone Age in the Olorgesailie Basin (Kenya) is published by Potts et al. (2018).[726]
  • A study on the chronology of the Acheulean and early Middle Stone Age sedimentary deposits in the Olorgesailie Basin (Kenya) is published by Deino et al. (2018).[727]
  • A study on the climatic changes in the Lake Tana area in the last 150,000 years and their implications for early modern human dispersal out of Africa is published by Lamb et al. (2018).[728]
  • A study on the effects of the Toba supereruption in East Africa is published by Yost et al. (2018), who find no evidence of the erupton causing a volcanic winter in East Africa or a population bottleneck among African populations of anatomically modern humans.[729]
  • A study on the timing and duration of periods of climate deterioration in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula in the late Pleistocene, evaluating the impact of climate on the abandonment of inner Iberian territories by Neanderthals 42,000 years ago, is published by Wolf et al. (2018).[730]
  • Evidence of bird and carnivore exploitation by Neanderthals (cut-marks in golden eagle, raven, wolf and lynx remains) is reported from the Axlor site (Spain) by Gómez-Olivencia et al. (2018).[731]
  • The first reconstructions of terrestrial temperature and hydrologic changes in the south-central margin of the Bering land bridge from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present are presented by Wooller et al. (2018).[732]
  • A study on the timing of the latest Pleistocene glaciation in southeastern Alaska and its implication for inferring the route and timing of early human migration to the Americas is published by Lesnek et al. (2018).[733]
  • A study on the fossil Sporormiella, pollen and microscopic particles of charcoal recovered from sediments of Lake Mares and Lake Olhos d’Agua (Brazil) which spanned the time of megafaunal extinction and human arrival in southeastern Brazil, and on their implications for inferring the timing of the decline of local megafauna and its ecological implications, is published by Raczka, Bush & De Oliveira (2018).[734]
  • A study evaluating how mega‐herbivore animal species controlled plant community composition and nutrient cycling, relative to other factors during and after the Late Quaternary extinction event in Great Britain and Ireland, is published by Jeffers et al. (2018).[735]
  • A study on the impact of the late Quaternary extinction of megafauna on the megafauna-deprived ecosystems is published by Galetti et al. (2018).[736]
  • A study on the impact of major, abrupt environmental changes over the past 30,000 years on the Great Barrier Reef is published by Webster et al. (2018).[737]
  • A study on the past biodiversity, population dynamics, extinction processes, and the impact of subsistence practices on the vertebrate fauna of New Zealand, based on analysis of bone fragments from archaeological and paleontological sites covering the last 20,000 years of New Zealand’s past, is published by Seersholm et al. (2018).[738]
  • A study on the parsimony and Bayesian-derived phylogenies of fossil tetrapods, evaluating which of them are in closer agreement with stratigraphic range data, is published by Sansom et al. (2018).[739]
  • A review of extinction theory and the fossil record of terrestrial diversity crises, comparing past diversity crises of terrestrial vertebrate faunas with the ongoing Holocene extinction, will be published by Padian (2018).[740]
  • A new metric, which can be used to quantify the term "living fossil" and determine which organisms can be reasonably referred to as such, is proposed by Bennett, Sutton & Turvey (2018).[741]
  • A novel non-invasive and label-free tomographic approach to reconstruct the three-dimensional architecture of microfossils based on stimulated Raman scattering is presented by Golreihan et al. (2018).[742]
  • Mürer et al. (2018) report on the results of the use of a combination of X-ray diffraction and computed tomography to gain insight into the microstructure of fossil bones of Eusthenopteron foordi and Discosauriscus austriacus.[743]
  • A mechanistic model that simulates the history of life on the South American continent, driven by modeled climates of the past 800,000 years, is presented by Rangel et al. (2018).[744]

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