Erode

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This article is about the City in Tamil Nadu, India. For its namesake district, see Erode district. For natural process, see erosion.
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Erode
—  Town  —
River Kaveri at Erode
Nickname(s): Turmeric City, Textile City, Loom-City
Erode is located in Tamil Nadu
Erode
Location in Tamil Nadu, India
Coordinates: 11°21′N 77°44′E / 11.350°N 77.733°E / 11.350; 77.733Coordinates: 11°21′N 77°44′E / 11.350°N 77.733°E / 11.350; 77.733
Country India
State Tamil Nadu
Region Kongu Nadu(West Tamilnadu)
District Erode District
Municipal Corporation 2009
Talukas Erode(Urban)
Government
 • Body Erode Corporation
 • Mayor Mallika Paramasivam
 • Deputy Mayor K.C. Palanisamy
 • Commissioner of Police
Area
 • Total 5,692 km2 (2,198 sq mi)
Elevation 183 m (600 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Total 1,259,608
 • Density 397/km2 (1,030/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Tamil
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 638001
Telephone code 91 (424)
Vehicle registration TN 33
Literacy 76%
Lok Sabha constituency Erode
Vidhan Sabha constituency Erode(West), Erode(East)
Planning agency Erode Corporation
Distance from Chennai 390 kilometres (240 mi) NE (rail)
Distance from Bangalore 250 kilometres (160 mi) N (rail)
Distance from Coimbatore 82 kilometres (51 mi) W (rail)
Climate Tropical climate (Köppen)
Precipitation 1,050 millimetres (41 in)
Avg. annual temperature 28 °C (82 °F)
Avg. summer temperature 34.3 °C (93.7 °F)
Avg. winter temperature 24 °C (75 °F)
Website erodecorp.tn.gov.in

Erode ([iːroːɽɯ]) is a city, a municipal corporation and the headquarters of Erode district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is situated at the center of the South Indian Peninsula, about 400 kilometres (249 mi) southwest of the state capital Chennai and about 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of Coimbatore on the banks of the river Kaveri. It is well known for hand loom, power loom textile products and ready made garments. It is referred to as 'loom city' or 'turmeric city'.

Contents

Demographics[edit]

As of 2001, the Indian census recorded a population of 156,953. Males constituted 51 per cent of the population and females 49 per cent. The average literacy rate of 88.39 per cent was higher than the national average of 75.06 per cent. Male literacy was 93.18 per cent and female literacy was 83.65 per cent. In Erode, 9 per cent of the population was under 6 years of age.[1] The provisional figures of the 2011 the Indian census indicate that Erode had a population of 706,529 with 186,637 households.[1]

Etymology[edit]

Modern historians contend that Erode has its origin in the Tamil phrase Eru Odai meaning two streams. This claim is based on the existence of two water courses, Perumpallam in Surampatti and Kalingarayan Canal in Brahmana Periya Agraharam and Kasipalayam, themselves different neighbouring villages (municipalities now) distinct outside the border of the old Erode village's boundaries.[2] There is one more belief that the name from the words "Eera Odu" which means "well skulls". According to the story, Dakshaprajapathi, who had given his daughter in marriage to Lord Siva, conducted a Yaga. For this Yaga, Lord Siva was not invited. However, Dakshyayini came to take part in this Yaga much against the wish of her husband Lord Siva. On coming to Yagakundam, Dakshyayini was not welcomed by her parents or anyone. She was vexed and threw herself in the Yagakundam and burned to ashes. On hearing this, Lord Siva got highly enraged, proceeded to the sacrificial spot and threw every one present including Brahma. The skulls and bones were thrown in River Cauvery and remained wet always. Hence the name "Eera Odu" (wet skull) – Erode.[2]

Geography and Climate[edit]

Climate data for Erode
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 31.4
(88.5)		 34.1
(93.4)		 36.5
(97.7)		 37.1
(98.8)		 36.6
(97.9)		 34.5
(94.1)		 33
(91)		 33.2
(91.8)		 33.3
(91.9)		 32.2
(90)		 30.9
(87.6)		 30.4
(86.7)		 33.6
(92.45)
Average low °C (°F) 20.1
(68.2)		 21.1
(70)		 23.2
(73.8)		 25.4
(77.7)		 25.7
(78.3)		 24.7
(76.5)		 24
(75)		 23.9
(75)		 23.7
(74.7)		 23.4
(74.1)		 22.1
(71.8)		 20.5
(68.9)		 23.15
(73.67)
Precipitation mm (inches) 9
(0.35)		 13
(0.51)		 12
(0.47)		 47
(1.85)		 82
(3.23)		 28
(1.1)		 50
(1.97)		 80
(3.15)		 77
(3.03)		 171
(6.73)		 88
(3.46)		 43
(1.69)		 700
(27.54)
Source: Climate-data.org[3]

Erode Local planning Area extends up to 54sq.km. within the city, and will be extended to 109 km2.

Erode has a semi-arid climate with high temperatures throughout the year, and relatively low rainfall. Temperatures are noticeably warmer than nearby Coimbatore. This is due to the absence of the cooling winds from the Palghat gap, which keep Coimbatore relatively cooler throughout the year[4]. Rainfall which is concentrated in the months from September to November, is due to the North-East monsoon winds.

Civic administration[edit]

Typical street-life near Clock Tower near PS Park
Main article: Erode Municipal Corporation

Erode city is administrated by Erode Municipal Corporation. It also serves as the headquarters of the eponymous Erode district. which was split from the composite Coimbatore District in1979.[5] The city is divided into 60 wards with councillors representing each of them headed by the mayor.[6] The city's police force is headed by a Superintendent of Police and has 6 local police stations.[7]

Direction compass[edit]

 Mysore, Gobichettipalayam, Sathyamangalam, Bannari, Bhavanisagar, Mangalore Bangalore, Hosur, Dharmapuri, Mettur Salem, Vellore, Chennai, Tiruvannamalai
Coimbatore, Ooty, Palakkad Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Trichy, Thanjavur, Kumbakonam
  Erode  
Coimbatore, Tirupur, Dharapuram, Palani Dindigul, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Tuticorin Karur, Trichy, Pudukottai, Karaikudi, Sivaganga

Transport[edit]

Main article: Transport in Erode

Road[edit]

Busiest Arterial Road of the city – Brough Road
A road in Erode

The main arterial roads include:

NH 47 connecting Salem – Coimbatore – Kanyakumari, bypasses the city via Bhavani, Chithode and Perundurai.

The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) has a sub-divisional headquarters at Erode falling under the Coimbatore division. Originally called as Jeeva Transport Corporation (JTC), it started functioning from 1 April 1983, with the principal area of operation in the Erode district, parts of Tirupur, Namakkal, Salem and Karur Districts. The fleet strength as on 31 March 2005 was 1218. During the year 2003–2005, 114 buses were purchased for replacement. The Erode Central Bus Terminus, is the main bus station complex in the city. It is located near the Swastik Circle at the junction of State Highway 15 and Mettur Road.

Rail[edit]

Main article: Erode Junction
Erode Junction Railway Station

Erode Junction railway station located near Bull-fight Circle. There is a diesel locomotive shed and an electric locomotive shed at Erode Junction and is one of the most important railway stations under Southern Railway with connections all over India. Erode Junction has the distinction of being the third cleanest railway junction in India, after Bhopal Habibganj Railway Station (Bhopal) and Secunderabad Railway Station (Hyderabad) in India. It also serves as the hub for water filling facilities, food provision and toilet cleaning to all long-distance trains that run along the length and breadth of the country via Erode. The station is well connected by buses round the clock. The following are the lines running from Erode junction:

Line No. Towards Passing Through Station Type / Track
1 Salem Junction Sankari Durg Broad, Electrified – Double Track
2 Coimbatore Junction Tiruppur Broad, Electrified – Double Track
3 Trichy Junction Karur Broad, Single Track
4 SPB Paper Factory Electric Locomotive Shed Broad – for Goods
5 SIPCOT – SEZ (Perundurai) Diesel Locomotive Shed Broad – for Goods

Two new lines have also been proposed for Mysore (via Gobichettipalayam, Chamaraj Nagar) and Palani.

Air[edit]

The nearest airport is Coimbatore International Airport located at a distance of 90 km. which has regular flights from/to various domestic destinations like Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Kozhikode, Mumbai, Pune and international destinations like Sharjah and Singapore..

Water[edit]

Inland ferry services are available on river Kaveri. Boat jetties are present at Lakkapuram, Solar, Natadreeswarar Temple, Karungalpalayam, Pallipalayam, Agraharam, Karanampalayam, Bhavani and Kalingarayanpalayam.

Education[edit]

Main article: List of Educational Institutions in Erode

Erode is one of the major educational hub in the state. There is a medical college located at Perundurai and many engineering colleges in and around the city. There are numerous schools in the city which serve as feeders for the institutions of higher education.

Health care[edit]

Thandhai Periyar Government General Hospital serves as the primary center of healthcare. There are many private hospitals such as Lotus Hospitals, Idhayam Apollo Specialty Hospital, C.K Hospital, Maruthi Medical Center Hospital (MMCH), Kovai Medical Center Hospital (KMCH), Erode Trust Hospital, National Hospital (formerly known as Savitha Hospital) providing healthcare services.

Politics[edit]

Erode Parliamentary Constituency is a parliamentary constituency consisting the state assembly constituencies of Erode East, Erode West, Modakurichi and Komarapalayam[8]

Economy[edit]

Fabrics, like rugs, made in Erode are famous throughout India & are being exported

Industries that flourished in early days in and around Erode area were hand loom weaving and carpet manufacturing. The advent of modern era has resulted in the emergence of power loom industries. There are 24189 registered SSI units as on 31 December 2000 in the district besides 59 Large Scale Units. Erode's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth for year 2008 stood at 15.5 per cent was the top in the State and ahead of the State's [GDP] growth by 4 per cent.[9] The major industries in and around the city include oil and rice mills, engineering works, automobiles and power looms. Within the city, the industrial units occupy 16.69% of the city area whereas the industrial belt as a whole covers 136 hectares and accounts for 4.80% of the Erode LPA.[citation needed]

Textile is the major business in the city. Erode is well known for marketing of hand loom, power loom and ready-made garments and textiles. Erode produces about 47% of state's total textile needs. Erode stands second in leather processing in the state, next only to Ambur. Paper industry also thrives around the city with some of the largest paper companies like TNPL and Seshasayee paper boards located near river Kaveri. Sugarcane processing industries extract juice from the cane to make sugar and the remains are used for paper manufacturing.

Agriculture[edit]

Erode is also known as "The Turmeric City" or "Yellow City". Erode is the largest producer of turmeric in the state and has one of the largest markets for coconut. It is famous also for rice cultivation and oil mills, as well as for dairy products. It is also one of the largest coconut oil producers in south India.

Erode is a major producer of turmeric, used extensively in Indian cuisine

Places of Interest[edit]

Religious[edit]

The city is built around a demolished fort, which includes a temple for Arudra Kabaleeswar (Shiva) praising the Saiva concept and another for Kasthuri Ranganatha Perumal (Vishnu) praising the Vaishnava concept of Hinduism. Other temples include:

Others[edit]

  • E.V.R Corporation Museum
  • Thanthai Periyar Memorial House is a Sociological Museum, which depicts the life history of Thanthai periyar, the social reformer.
  • Jain Temples at Erode, Vijayapuri and Aval Poondurai.
  • Sankagiri Fort – Rock Fort on Sankari Hill with 14 circular ramparts from the bottom to top of the hill in a concentric fashion with an armoury
  • Vellode Birds Sanctuary

Notable people[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. Retrieved 2008-11-01. 
  2. ^ a b "Erode – History". Retrieved 29 October 2012. 
  3. ^ http://en.climate-data.org/location/3878/
  4. ^ http://erode.nic.in/aboutdist.htm
  5. ^ "Erode Municipality Issue on the public disclosure", Retrieved on 1 December 2011.
  6. ^ [1]
  7. ^ [2]
  8. ^ "List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). Tamil Nadu. Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2008-10-09. 
  9. ^ "Erode GDP is better than that of State". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 15 December 2007. 

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