International recognition of Kosovo

Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia was enacted on Sunday, 17 February 2008 by a unanimous vote of the Assembly of Kosovo. All 11 representatives of the Serb minority boycotted the proceedings. International reaction was mixed, and the world community continues to be divided on the issue of the international recognition of Kosovo.

As of 4 September 2020, the Republic of Kosovo has received 116 diplomatic recognitions as an independent state. Notably, 114 out of 193 (59.1%) United Nations (UN) member states, 22 out of 27 (81%) European Union (EU) member states, 24 out of 28 (86%) NATO member states, and 30 out of 57 (53%) Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) member states have recognised Kosovo. Serbia refuses to recognise it. To date, no country to have recognised Kosovo has withdrawn its recognition, in contrast with other non-UN member states such as Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and the Republic of China.

Background

Further information: Foreign relations of Kosovo

A number of states expressed concern over the unilateral character of Kosovo's declaration, or explicitly announced that they would not recognise an independent Kosovo. The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) remains divided on this issue: of its five members with veto power, three (the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) have recognised the declaration of independence, while the People's Republic of China has expressed concern, urging the continuation of the previous negotiation framework. Russia has rejected the declaration and considers it illegal. On 15 May 2008, Russia, China, and India released a joint statement calling for new negotiations between Belgrade and Pristina.

Although EU member states individually decide whether to recognise Kosovo, by consensus the EU has commissioned the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) to ensure peace and continued external oversight. Due to the dispute in the UNSC, the reconfiguration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and partial handover to the EULEX mission met with difficulties. In spite of Russian and Serbian protests, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon proceeded with the reconfiguration plan. On 15 July 2008, he stated: "In the light of the fact that the Security Council is unable to provide guidance, I have instructed my Special Representative to move forward with the reconfiguration of UNMIK... in order to adapt UNMIK to a changed reality". According to the Secretary-General, the "United Nations has maintained a position of strict neutrality on the question of Kosovo's status". On 26 November 2008, the UNSC gave the green light to the deployment of the EULEX mission in Kosovo. The EU mission is to assume police, justice and customs duties from the UN, while operating under the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 (UNSCR 1244) that first placed Kosovo under UN administration in 1999.

As of late July 2008, UNMIK no longer provides the citizens of Kosovo with travel documents, while their ability to travel using the new Kosovan passport does not coincide with diplomatic recognition: for example Greece, Romania and Slovakia make it possible, despite not recognising Kosovo. The three neighbouring states that recognise Kosovo—Albania, Montenegro and Macedonia—all accept the Kosovan passport, which Serbia refuses.

A United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolution adopted on 8 October 2008 backed the request of Serbia to seek an International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence. On 22 July 2010, the ICJ ruled that the declaration of independence of Kosovo "did not violate any applicable rule of international law", because its authors, who were "representatives of the people of Kosovo", were not bound by the Constitutional Framework (promulgated by UNMIK) or by UNSCR 1244 that is addressed only to United Nations Member States and organs of the United Nations.

Serbia's reaction

Main article: Serbia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence

See also: 2008 protests in Serbia

Due to Serbian claims that Kosovo is part of its sovereign territory, its reactions included recalling ambassadors from countries that recognised Kosovo for several months, indicting Kosovar leaders on charges of high treason, and litigating the case at the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Serbia also expelled ambassadors from countries that recognised Kosovo after the UNGA vote adopting Serbia's initiative to seek an ICJ advisory opinion.

Positions taken by sovereign entities

Map of states that have recognised Kosovo's independence

  Kosovo

  States which recognise Kosovo as independent

  States which have not recognised Kosovo as independent.

Entities that recognise Kosovo as an independent state

UN member states

	Country	Date of recognition	Relevant international membership
1	Afghanistan	18 February 2008	OIC member
2	Costa Rica	18 February 2008
3	Albania	18 February 2008	NATO member OIC member
4	France	18 February 2008	UNSC permanent member EU member NATO member
5	Senegal	18 February 2008	OIC member
6	Turkey	18 February 2008	NATO member OIC member
7	United Kingdom	18 February 2008	UNSC permanent member EU member NATO member
8	United States	18 February 2008	UNSC permanent member NATO member
9	Australia	19 February 2008
10	Latvia	20 February 2008	EU member NATO member
11	Germany	20 February 2008	EU member NATO member
12	Estonia	21 February 2008	EU member NATO member
13	Italy	21 February 2008	EU member NATO member
14	Denmark	21 February 2008	EU member NATO member
15	Luxembourg	21 February 2008	EU member NATO member
16	Peru	22 February 2008
17	Belgium	24 February 2008	EU member NATO member
18	Poland	26 February 2008	EU member NATO member
19	Switzerland	27 February 2008
20	Austria	28 February 2008	EU member
21	Ireland	29 February 2008	EU member
22	Sweden	4 March 2008	EU member
23	Netherlands	4 March 2008	EU member NATO member
24	Iceland	5 March 2008	NATO member
25	Slovenia	5 March 2008	EU member Presiding the Council of the European Union at time of declaration NATO member
26	Finland	7 March 2008	EU member
27	Japan	18 March 2008
28	Canada	18 March 2008	NATO member
29	Monaco	19 March 2008
30	Hungary	19 March 2008	EU member NATO member
31	Croatia	19 March 2008	EU acceding state NATO member
32	Bulgaria	20 March 2008	EU member NATO member
33	Liechtenstein	25 March 2008
34	South Korea	28 March 2008
35	Norway	28 March 2008	NATO member
36	Marshall Islands	17 April 2008
37	Burkina Faso	23 April 2008	OIC member
38	Nauru	23 April 2008
39	Lithuania	6 May 2008	EU member NATO member
40	San Marino	12 May 2008
41	Czech Republic	21 May 2008	EU member NATO member
42	Liberia	30 May 2008
43	Sierra Leone	11 June 2008	OIC member
44	Colombia	4 August 2008
45	Belize	7 August 2008
46	Malta	22 August 2008	EU member
47	Samoa	15 September 2008
48	Portugal	7 October 2008	EU member NATO member
49	Montenegro	9 October 2008
50	North Macedonia	9 October 2008
51	United Arab Emirates	14 October 2008	OIC member
52	Malaysia	30 October 2008	OIC member
53	Federated States of Micronesia	5 December 2008
54	Panama	16 January 2009
55	Maldives	19 February 2009	OIC member
56	Palau	6 March 2009
57	Gambia	7 April 2009	OIC member
58	Saudi Arabia	20 April 2009	OIC member
59	Comoros	14 May 2009	OIC member
60	Bahrain	19 May 2009	OIC member
61	Jordan	7 July 2009	OIC member
62	Dominican Republic	10 July 2009
63	New Zealand	9 November 2009
64	Malawi	14 December 2009
65	Mauritania	12 January 2010	OIC member
66	Eswatini	12 April 2010
67	Vanuatu	28 April 2010
68	Djibouti	8 May 2010	OIC member
69	Somalia	19 May 2010	OIC member
70	Honduras	3 September 2010
71	Kiribati	21 October 2010
72	Tuvalu	18 November 2010
73	Qatar	7 January 2011	OIC member
74	Guinea-Bissau	10 January 2011	OIC member
75	Oman	4 February 2011	OIC member
76	Andorra	8 June 2011
77	Central African Republic	22 July 2011
78	Guinea	12 August 2011	OIC member
79	Niger	15 August 2011	OIC member
80	Benin	18 August 2011	OIC member
81	Saint Lucia	19 August 2011
82	Nigeria	12 September 2011	OIC member
83	Gabon	15 September 2011	OIC member
84	Ivory Coast	16 September 2011	OIC member
85	Kuwait	11 October 2011	OIC member
86	Uganda	5 December 2011	OIC member
87	Ghana	23 January 2012
88	Haiti	10 February 2012
89	São Tomé and Príncipe	13 March 2012
90	Brunei	25 April 2012	OIC member
91	Chad	1 June 2012	OIC member
92	Papua New Guinea	3 October 2012

Other states and entities

State or Entity	Date of recognition	Relevant international membership
Republic of China (Taiwan)	18 February 2008
Sovereign Military Order of Malta	2009	UN Permanent Observer

Entities that do not recognise Kosovo as an independent state

UN member states

A

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Algeria	In March 2008, Mourad Medelci, Algerian Foreign Affairs Minister, stated that while Algeria sympathised with all Muslim countries, it believed that international laws had to be adhered to. A year later, Medelci reaffirmed the Algerian position of Kosovo being an integral part of Serbia. In May 2009, the Ambassador of Algeria to Serbia, Abdelkader Mesdoua stated that Algeria would reconsider the issue of Kosovo if Serbia changed its own position.	OIC member
Angola	On 23 June 2008, Angolan President José Eduardo dos Santos sent a message to his Serbian counterpart, Boris Tadić, regarding Kosovo's declaration of independence. It reiterated the solidarity of dos Santos and Angola to Serbia in regard to the preservation of its sovereignty and integrity.
Antigua and Barbuda	In March 2012, Antiguan Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer said that whilst he was sympathetic to Kosovo and its push for independence, Antigua would continue to support the UN process, ensuring that Kosovo meets all necessary criteria according to the Montevideo Convention. In September 2012, Spencer said that recognition of Kosovo is on his country's agenda.
Argentina	In February 2008, Argentine Foreign Minister, Jorge Taiana said "if we were to recognize Kosovo, which has declared its independence unilaterally, without an agreement with Serbia, we would set a dangerous precedent that would seriously threaten our chances of a political settlement in the case of the Falkland Islands". He said that President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner would not give any official statement on the issue, reiterating that there would be no recognition of Kosovo. Argentina will not recognise also because it "supports the principle of territorial integrity". Additionally, he stressed that the 1999 UNSCR 1244 called for the mutual agreement of all parties to solve the dispute. In a 2 December 2009 hearing at the ICJ, the Argentine delegation said that Kosovo's declaration of independence "breaches an obligation to respect the territorial integrity of Serbia, the obligation of peaceful settlement of disputes and principle of non-intervention. The resolution has no legal basis in the principle of self-determination," and that it "did not, and could not, abolish Serbia's sovereignty over Kosovo".
Armenia	On 12 March 2008, Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan stated that Armenia's possible recognition of Kosovo's independence would not strain Armenian–Russian relations, but also noted that "Kosovo recognition issue needs serious discussion... Armenia has always been an adherent to the right of nations to self-determination and in this aspect we welcome Kosovo's independence." On 3 September 2008 President Sargsyan stated: "Today one is wondering from time to time why Armenia is not recognizing the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The answer is simple: for the same reason that it did not recognize Kosovo's independence. Having the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Armenia can not recognize another entity in the same situation as long as it has not recognized the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic". A nation's right to self-determination "takes times", requiring the understanding of "all interested parties". Accordingly, Armenia is trying to "convince" Azerbaijan to accept the loss of Karabakh, stated the president. In November 2008, whilst commenting on Russia's recognition of Georgia's breakaway regions, Sargsyan said "In case with Kosovo the right of nations to self-determination was applied. However, Russia's similar step was given a hostile reception". At a meeting in May 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Armen Martirosyan, the representative of Armenia to the UN, Mr. Martirosyan reportedly promised that the request for recognition would be forwarded to his government. On a July 2009 state visit to Armenia, Serbian President Boris Tadić discussed the issues of Kosovo and Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan. The two leaders agreed that regional conflicts must be resolved without the use of force and only by peaceful means in keeping with international law. Tadić also met with Prime Minister Tigran Sargsyan where the same issues were discussed. The Kosovo and Nagorno-Karabakh issues can only be solved through negotiations and "any imposed solutions are absolutely unacceptable and we fully agree on that," Tadić said afterwards. On 4 April 2011 Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan said that Armenia would not recognise the independence of Kosovo contrary to the interests of Serbia.
Azerbaijan	In February 2008, a spokesman of the Foreign Ministry of Azerbaijan, Khazar Ibrahim, said "We view this illegal act as being in contradiction with international law. Proceeding from this, Azerbaijan's position is clear: it does not recognise [Kosovo's] independence". Azerbaijan has also withdrawn peacekeepers from Kosovo. Zahid Oruj, member of the parliamentary committee on defence and security, explained it by saying "Owing to the change of situation in Kosovo, the Azeri peacekeeping battalion performing its mission within the Turkish contingent will be withdrawn. Azerbaijan acts in compliance with the country's political stance". At the summit of the OIC on 10 March 2008, Azerbaijan opposed adoption of the document, proposed by Turkey, that would lend support to Kosovo's declaration of independence. On 19 June 2008, during the meeting of OIC, Azerbaijan was among countries that opposed the recognition of Kosovo as an independent country. In a 3 December 2009 hearing at the ICJ, the Azerbaijani delegation said that entities that declare secession while violating the internal laws of the state can not be considered to be states, and that a fait accompli may not be accepted – power is not the right, and the force is not the law. At a meeting with Serbian President Boris Tadić in Baku in May 2010, President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev said that Serbia and Azerbaijan mutually help each other in the international arena and that his country provides strong support for the territorial integrity of Serbia. He stated that the unilaterally proclaimed independence of Kosovo is an illegal move and called on all UN member states to respect international law.	OIC member

B

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Bahamas	At a meeting on 18 June 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Paulette Bethel, the representative of the Bahamas to the UN, Ms. Bethel reportedly said that she would forward the request for recognition to her government. In April 2010, Bahamian Foreign Minister Brent Symonette said, "We have considered and continue to consider the situation on the ground on both sides and maintain a status of awaiting the outcome of negotiations between Kosovo and its neighbouring countries before committing support to either of the two countries". On 26 September 2012, the Bahamian Foreign Minister, Frederick A. Mitchell, said that his state has sympathy for the independence of Kosovo, and that the Bahamas will support the state of Kosovo.
Bangladesh	On 29 June 2008, Bangladeshi Prime Minister, Fakhruddin Ahmed, during a meeting with the US Ambassador to Bangladesh, James F. Moriarty, affirmed that "Bangladesh will recognize the new European country". The Prime Minister also assured the US ambassador that "Bangladesh is committed to lobbing [sic] Asian Muslim countries to recognize Kosovo. Bangladesh will actively contribute to the development of Kosovo". Following a meeting on 17 December 2008 between Bangladeshi Foreign Adviser Dr. Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury and US Ambassador James F. Moriarty, the media were told that the question of Kosovo recognition was under "active consideration of the [Bangladeshi] government." In a press briefing on 22 August 2009, Bangladesh's Foreign Secretary Mohamed Mijarul Quayes said "We don't feel the necessity to recognize Kosovo at this moment". He said that his government would consider "many factors" before making its decision. "If we recognize Kosovo, we are certainly taking a side. But if we don't, we are not leaning to any side," he said. In a meeting with US Ambassador James F. Moriarty on 15 November 2009, Quayes said that an independent decision would be made on Bangladesh's recognition of Kosovo, keeping the country's national interests in consideration. It has been reported that Bangladesh has not yet recognised Kosovo as it is focusing on strengthening ties with Moscow – Russia had formally requested Bangladesh not to recognise. On 13 May 2010, Dr. Dipumoni, Foreign Minister of Bangladesh, said that her country will come to a decision regarding the recognition of Kosovo's independence after the International Court reaches a conclusion about the matter. Following a September 2010 meeting with the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Albanian Prime Minister Sali Berisha said that Bangladesh had promised to decide positively regarding recognition of Kosovo. After giving a speech at Ankara University in April 2012, Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina responded to a question about recognising Kosovo by stating "We have already discussed the matter and are observing the situation in Kosovo. You may soon hear the good news".	OIC member
Barbados	At a meeting in January 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Kurt Mach, Barbados' general consul assigned to Vienna, Mr. Mach promised to inform his government about Kosovo's achievements, and that he would encourage his country to consider recognising Kosovo.
Belarus	In February 2008, Belarus President Alexander Lukashenko wrote in a letter to Serbian President Boris Tadić that "Belarus expresses its solidarity with the Serbians' intention to defend their sovereignty and territorial integrity". The National Assembly of Belarus had issued a statement condemning the declaration of independence and encouraged all nations to call the move "illegal" under international law. The Foreign Ministry of Belarus published a statement saying "that the settlement of the Kosovo and Metochia [sic] status should progress under international law, based on UN Security Council resolution 1244 (of 1999) which is a fundamental document for the Kosovo settlement certifying the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Serbia, and based on the key provisions of the UN Charter and Helsinki Final Act, with the essential role of the UN Security Council bearing a predominant responsibility for safeguarding international peace and security". In a 3 December 2009 hearing at the ICJ, the Belarussian delegation said that secession by international law was allowed only in former colonies, or in cases where the minority population was oppressed for a long period of time and was denied the participation in government, however the situation in Kosovo has not met these criteria traditionally interpreted as the right for "external" self-determination. The internal law of Serbia as well as UNSC resolutions are satisfactory for the "internal" self-determination of the Albanian population. In May 2012 the Belarusian ambassador to Serbia, Uladzimir Chushaw, said that Belarus will never recognise the independence of Kosovo. "The Kosovo wounds are hurting us very much," he was quoted as saying.
Bhutan	At a meeting on 28 May 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Lhatu Wangchuk, the representative of Bhutan to the UN, Mr. Wangchuk reportedly said that he had conveyed Kosovo's request for recognition to his government on 3 February, and he is awaiting the decision of his government. On 19 September 2012, Mr. Wangchuk said that his country is deliberating the issue of Kosovo.
Bolivia	In February 2008, Bolivian President Evo Morales refused to recognise Kosovo's independence and compared Kosovo separatists to the leaders of four eastern Bolivian states who have demanded greater autonomy from the federal government. In a 4 December 2009 hearing at the ICJ, the Bolivian delegation said that Kosovo is an integral part of Serbia and that the Republic of Kosovo does not exist. A unilateral declaration of independence cannot change the international regime established by the UNSC resolution, or decide the outcome of negotiations.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Main article: Bosnia and Herzegovina's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Bosnia and Herzegovina's reaction to Kosovo's independence has been mixed. Bosniak and Croat members of the Presidency want to recognise it, but Serb members refuse.
Botswana	In a September 2010 meeting between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and his Botswanan counterpart, Phandu Skelemani, Mr. Skelemani said that the ICJ had given "a clear decision", and said that he would soon formally present a position for recognition to his government. In March 2011 the Botswanan Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Phandu Skelemani, said that Botswana still has to advise itself properly in order to come up with an informed decision on the issue. He said that the matter of Kosovo has been before the International Court of Justice and therefore it requires a close look as it involves law.
Brazil	In February 2008, the Brazilian government reaffirmed its belief that a peaceful solution for the issue of Kosovo must continue to be sought through dialogue and negotiation, under the auspices of the UN and the legal framework of UNSCR 1244. In his recent declarations, the Minister of Foreign Relations, Celso Amorim, defended that Brazil should await a UNSC decision before defining its official position on the matter of Kosovo's independence. In September 2009, Ambassador of Brazil to Serbia Dante Coelho de Lima said that "Our fundamental position is that we respect Serbia's territorial integrity. We supported Security Council resolution 1244, under which Kosovo is a part of Serbia. We also think that the principle of self-determination should not run counter to respect for international law". In a 4 December 2009 hearing at the ICJ, the Brazilian delegation said that the unilateral declaration of independence ignored not only the authority of the UNSC, but also the principle of protecting the territorial integrity of states. There is no basis to justify the unilateral declaration of independence in the UNSC resolution 1244 because it predicted a solution agreed by both parties. Since such an agreement was not reached, the Kosovo dispute can be decided only by the UNSC.
Burundi	In a 4 December 2009 hearing at the ICJ, the Burundian delegation said that declaring the declaration of independence illegal will not have any practical effect because Kosovo exists as a fact. However, the court should limit the right to self-determination only to former and present colonies. There is no right to create new states outside the process of decolonisation, but this will not affect the existence of the Kosovo state. In September 2012, Burundi's First Vice-President, Therence Sinunguruza, invited Kosovo's Deputy Prime Minister, Behgjet Pacolli, to Burundi to discuss the construction of bilateral relations between the two countries.

C

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Cambodia	On 6 October 2008, the Europe Department Director at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Cambodia, Kao Samreth, stressed that Cambodia does not wish to encourage secession in any country and therefore does not support the independence of Kosovo. Kao drew parallels to independence claims for South Ossetia and stated that Cambodia would not encourage tension within a country by supporting independence claims. In February 2009, Secretary of State at Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Cambodia, Ouch Borith, reiterated an earlier Cambodian Ministry of Foreign Affairs statement that Kosovo is a sensitive issue which they are studying carefully. Borith questioned, "if Kosovo is recognized, what about South Ossetia?" On 2 April 2009, the Director of the Department of International Organizations at Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Cambodia, Tuy Ri, stated that Cambodia has no plans to file a brief (either supportive of Serbia or Kosovo) in the ICJ case.
Cameroon	In January 2011, the General Secretary of Cameroon's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ferdinand Ngoh Ngoh, reportedly said that his government cannot deny that Kosovo's independence is irreversible, but that it would have to be careful on how to proceed in order not to create a situation that would damage Cameroon's interests and position in the world. In November 2011, in a meeting with First Deputy Prime Minister of Kosovo, Behgjet Pacolli, Cameroon's Prime Minister, Philémon Yang, reportedly said that the recognition of Kosovo was underway.	OIC member
Cape Verde	At a meeting in May 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Antonio Pedro Monteiro Lima, the representative of Cape Verde to the UN, Mr. Lima reportedly said that the decision on recognition of Kosovo is only "a matter of time" and that "Cape Verde knows very well the price of freedom". In December 2010, Cape Verde's National Director of Political Affairs and Cooperation, José Luis Rocha, said that his country will wait until there is consensus at the UNSC before considering its position.
Chile	In a 27 February 2008 press release, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile called on the parties concerned to achieve, by peaceable means, through dialogue and adherence to the international law, a solution that respects the principles and purposes of the UN Charter. Chile will continue to analyse the discussions that have taken and are taking place, both in the UNSC, and in the Council of Ministers of the EU.
People's Republic of China	Main article: People's Republic of China's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence The People's Republic of China is strongly opposed to Kosovo's independence.	UNSC permanent member
Democratic Republic of the Congo	On 10 February 2009, the Head of the International Organizations Directorate at the Congolese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Alice Kimpembe Bamba, said that her government had no plans to recognise Kosovo at the moment, adding that her government was, however, closely following developments on Kosovo at the UN. In November 2009, it was reported that the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Joseph Kabila had said that his country will not recognise the independence of Kosovo for as long as he lives. On 6 April 2012, the Congolese National Assembly Speaker, Evariste Boshab Mabudj-ma-Bilenge, said that "Serbia's position on Kosovo and Metohija is the Democratic Republic of Congo's position".
Cuba	On 29 February 2008, writing in his personal "Reflections of Fidel" column, which is published in the official newspaper of the Communist Party of Cuba, Granma Internacional (and since translated into English and archived on the Trabajadores website), Fidel Castro, the ex-President and First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, attacked Javier Solana, accusing him of being the ideological father of Kosovo's "independence", and by doing so, putting at risk the ethnic cohesion and the very state integrity of Spain or the UK, both of which experience separatist movements of their own. He referred to Kosovo independence in quotes as "independence". In December 2009, Ambassador of Cuba to Serbia, Mercedes Martínez Valdés, said that Cuba supports the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Serbia regarding the issue of Kosovo and advocates for the respect of international law. In a September 2010 meeting between the Foreign Ministers of Albania and Cuba, Edmond Haxhinasto and Bruno Rodriguez Parrilla, Mr. Parrilla said that Cuba is reconsidering recognition of Kosovo in light of the decision made by the ICJ.
Cyprus	On 11 February 2008, then Foreign Minister Erato Kozakou-Marcoullis, of the Papadopoulos administration, stated that "Cyprus will never recognize a unilateral declaration of independence outside the U.N. framework, and in particular by side-stepping the role of the Security Council". The President of Cyprus Dimitris Christofias, confirmed in March 2008 that Cyprus would not recognise Kosovo as an independent country, out of respect for the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Serbia. Christofias reiterated his opposition to recognition in an interview with a Russian newspaper, saying, "The one thing that Kosovo and Cyprus have in common, as far as the situation in these regions is concerned, is that in both cases, the basic principles of international law and legality, as well as UN decisions, are constantly being violated". The Cypriot president underlined that the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of both Serbia and Cyprus were being violated in the most brutal manner. On 23 February 2009, in a meeting with Serbian President Boris Tadić, Christofias said that "Cyprus has not recognized the unilaterally declared independence of Kosovo and we will not recognize it in the future. We are on your side, not only because your case is similar to ours, but because it is a matter of principles". On 16 June 2009, Minister of Defence of Cyprus Costas Papacostas said that Cyprus will never recognise the independence of Kosovo. In October 2009 this stance was reiterated by President Christofias who said Cyprus would not recognise Kosovo, even if all other EU members did so. On 28 June 2012, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus stated that while they have not recognised the independence of Kosovo, they were fully committed to further advancing the European perspective of the region. They pledged that during their EU Council Presidency, Cyprus will exercise its duties in a neutral and credible manner, taking into consideration the positions of all EU member states, but that any actions undertaken during the Presidency should not in any way be interpreted as suggesting any change in their position in relation to non-recognition and to the status of Kosovo under international law.	EU member

D

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Dominica	At a meeting on 28 May 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Crispin S. Gregoire, the representative of Dominica to the UN, Mr. Gregoire reportedly said "we recognize the right of the Kosovo people to self-determination and having their place in the family of free nations". In a September 2010 meeting between Skënder Hyseni and Dominican Foreign Affairs Minister, Alvin Bernard, Mr. Bernard said that his government will pay attention to the request for recognition, and in time a decision would be made. Mr. Bernard said, "our presence in this meeting is an indicator with regard to your request".

E

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Ecuador	In response to a request from the University of Oxford regarding the analysis of developments related to the independence of Kosovo, in August 2008 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that there should be "unrestricted compliance with the rules and principles of the United Nations Charter and International Law". At a meeting in January 2009 between Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Maria Elena Moreira, Ecuador's Ambassador to Austria, Mrs. Moreira said that the government of her country has carefully followed developments in Kosovo, and taking into account the recognition of Kosovo by European and Latin American countries, Ecuador will seriously consider the request for recognition of Kosovo as an independent and sovereign country. At a meeting on 25 March 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Diego Morejón-Pazmino, the Ambassador of Ecuador to the UN, Mr. Morejón-Pazmino said that Ecuador has been carefully following developments in Kosovo, and he stressed the importance of building democratic institutions and a society with rights guaranteed to all communities. Mr. Morejón-Pazmino also said that Ecuador would carefully examine developments before making a decision on whether to recognise Kosovo.
Egypt	Main article: Egypt's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Egypt's reaction to Kosovo's independence has been mixed. Before the 2011 Egyptian revolution it was opposed to Kosovo's independence, but after the revolution it is more supportive of it.	OIC member
El Salvador	In February 2008, Salvadoran President Antonio Saca told the US Ambassador Charles L. Glazer that El Salvador had made the decision to recognise Kosovo. On 15 May 2009, Arbër Geci, a spokesman for the New Kosovo Alliance Party announced that party leader Behgjet Pacolli had received a promise of recognition from the President-elect of El Salvador, Mauricio Funes. Geci said that this recognition would be made when Funes took charge on 1 June. At a meeting on 27 May 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Carmen M.G. Hernandez, the representative of El Salvador to the UN, Ms. Hernandez reportedly said that the issue of recognition is on the agendas of both the outgoing and incoming governments. She said that El Salvador is following up the situation in Kosovo and a decision will be taken in time.
Equatorial Guinea	In a 1 September 2010 press conference, Equatorial Guinea's Permanent Representative to the UN, Anatolio Ndong Mba, said that his country's foreign policy favours Kosovo's independence. In September 2011, the President of Equatorial Guinea, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, is reported to have responded positively to a request for recogition by Kosovo. On 21 November 2011, in a meeting with First Deputy Prime Minister of Kosovo, Behgjet Pacolli, President of Equatorial Guinea, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo reportedly promised to immediately begin formalising the recognition of Kosovo. In January 2012, Pacolli's advisor Jetlir Zyberaj stated that Kosovo had received confirmation of recognition from Equatorial Guinea but was awaiting receipt of the note verbale.
Eritrea	In September 2011, the President of Eritrea, Isaias Afewerki, is reported to have responded positively to a request for recognition of Kosovo.
Ethiopia	At a meeting in January 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Kongit Sinegiorgis, Ethiopia's Ambassador to Austria, Mrs. Sinegiorgis stated that the Ethiopian Government remains committed to considering Kosovo and its recognition, and will bring a decision at the right time. According to Serbia, Kosovo's Foreign Minister Skënder Hyseni and other members of his delegation were denied entry into Ethiopia in January 2010. They allegedly wanted to attend an African Union summit in order to lobby African nations to recognise Kosovo. Their visas were denied after pressure by the Serbian government, the Serbian Foreign Ministry Vuk Jeremić said. Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić, who attended the summit, thanked his Ethiopian counterpart for denying the visas and supporting Serbia's cause. However, the Kosovo Foreign Ministry denies that they submitted any requests for visas. On 5 August 2012 it was reported that the Ethiopian government had formally recognised Kosovo, with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo awaiting the arrival of the note verbale.

F

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Fiji	On 23 August 2012, the Fijian Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Ratu Inoke Kubuabola, said that the Government and people of Fiji are sympathetic toward Kosovo's people, and that Fiji has always had sympathy for Kosovo's aspirations to be an independent country and is positive toward recognition of the Republic of Kosovo.

G

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Georgia	The Foreign Minister of Georgia, David Bakradze, said on 18 February 2008 that Tbilisi would not recognise Kosovo's independence, adding: "I think everyone in Georgia, regardless of political orientation, is unanimous on this". On 29 March 2008 the Prime Minister, Lado Gurgenidze, gave a recorded interview in Estonia, in which he clearly said in English that as Georgia's friends have recognised Kosovo, it is only natural that eventually Georgia will do likewise. The printed publication of the interview elicited demands by the opposition to impeach him, and the government spokesman stated that the Prime Minister was misinterpreted, after which the Estonian paper Postimees, which conducted and printed the interview, released the audio to the world. On 9 May 2008 President of Georgia, Mikheil Saakashvili, said "We are saying loud and clear that we have never planned to recognize Kosovo. Nor do we plan to do so in the future. The way out of the situation that has been chosen is not the best one. The Serbs should have been given more time for negotiations. The solution for Kosovo was a hasty one".
Greece	Main article: Greece's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Greece does not recognise the independence of Kosovo, but has supported its membership in several international organisations.	EU member NATO member
Grenada	At a meeting on 24 March 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Dessima M. Williams, Grenada's Ambassador to the UN, Mrs. Williams (the then chair of CARICOM in the UN) said that Grenada, along with other CARICOM member countries, is trying to achieve unity to make a decision for Kosovo. She has also said that Grenada is closely following developments in Kosovo and the decision for recognition will be considered at the right time. In August 2010, Albanian Parliament Speaker Jozefina Topalli received a letter from the chairman of the Grenadian Parliament, George J. McGuire, stating that Grenada considers Kosovo to be a legitimate and independent nation, and that it will process its request for recognition.
Guatemala	A leaked 2008 cable from the US Embassy in Guatemala states that Guatemalan Foreign Minister Haroldo Rodas had said that he had objected to the recognition of Kosovo in deference to Russian concerns. However, the government was still considering recognising Kosovo. At a meeting on 26 March 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Gert Rosenthal, the Ambassador of Guatemala to the UN, Mr. Rosenthal said that his country's government is carefully studying the developments in Kosovo, and the ongoing preparations to present a case to the ICJ. He also said that Guatemala is working with others in Latin America to reach a decision.
Guyana	In a 22 September 2010 meeting with Kosovan politician Behgjet Pacolli, Guyanan Foreign Minister Carolyn Rodrigues reportedly said that Guyana will continue communicating with her CARICOM counterparts regarding a fast block recognition of Kosovo from those countries.	OIC member

I

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
India	Main article: India's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence India has consistently refused to recognise the independence of Kosovo.
Indonesia	Main article: Indonesia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Indonesia's reaction to Kosovo's independence has been mixed.	OIC member
Iran	On 13 March 2008, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said that Iran, after considering the region's issues and conditions, had not recognised the independence of Kosovo. In early March 2008, Gholamreza Ansari, Ambassador of Iran to Russia, said that "this question has very important aspects. Frankly speaking, the United Nations divided one of its members into two parts, though Article 1244 confirms the territorial integrity of Serbia. This is a very strange event. We think that some countries try to weaken international organizations. Presently, Iran is studying the question of Kosovo's future. Iran... expresses its concern over the weakening of international organizations". In April 2012 during a visit in Belgrade Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Ramin Mehmanparast said that Iran will adhere to its decision not to recognise independence of Kosovo. Tehran on this issue is very clear and Iran is thereby giving its support to stability and safety in the region, Mehmanparast said. Mehmanparast added that Iran supported the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue as it believes that the international law can channel the burning issues in the best manner possible. In a 5 August 2012 interview, the Ambassador of Iran to Albania, Ali Amouei, said that he believes the sustainable way out of the Kosovo issue is talks with Serbia, and that Iran will not hesitate to officially recognise Kosovo once it has concluded that it would serve to establish peace and stability in the Balkans and the realisation of the legitimate rights of Muslims in Kosovo.	OIC member
Iraq	At a meeting on 28 May 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Hamid Al Bayati, the representative of Iraq to the UN, Mr. Al Bayati reportedly said that Kosovo deserves to be recognised by other states and that Iraq's decision to recognise will come at a suitable time. At a meeting in September 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Hoshyar Zebari, Iraqi Foreign Minister, Mr. Zabari said that Kosovo's request for recognition was being studied closely. He said that he would forward the request to his Government, and that "we understand the right of peoples to self-determination". On 18 February 2010, following a meeting with Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić said that Serbia strongly supports Iraq's territorial integrity just as Iraq supports Serbia. In May 2010, Ali al-Baldawi, a representative of the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq, reportedly said that relations would be established with Kosovo once his party, which won the latest elections, forms a new government. On 6 August 2010, following a meeting with Prime Minister al-Maliki, the Serbian Defence Minister Dragan Šutanovac said that Iraq did not recognise the independence of Kosovo and added that Iraq had supported the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Serbia. In March 2011, Kosovo's Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi met with the Iraqi Vice President Tariq al-Hashimi, who promised that Iraq would consider the recognition of Kosovo in the immediate future to open the way for the promotion of good relations between the two countries. In October 2011 Iraq's ambassador to Belgrade, Falah Abdulsada, said that Iraq supports international law and international mechanisms, and has not changed its position of non-recognition of Kosovo. In September 2012, Iraqi president, Jalal Talabani, said that that he appreciated the interest of the Republic of Kosovo in creating friendship with his country, and he invited Kosovo's Deputy Prime Minister, Behgjet Pacolli, to make an official visit to Iraq in order to discuss in more depth further steps to create inter-state relations.	OIC member
Israel	"We haven't decided when we're going to decide, and instead will monitor events and consider the issue," an unnamed Israeli Foreign Ministry official was quoted by the Jerusalem Post in February 2008. Israel will not recognise Kosovo's independence at this time, in part because of the possibility of Palestinians using recognition of Kosovo to justify their own unilateral declaration of independence. According to The Jewish Chronicle, Foreign Ministry officials and politicians are privately voicing a general sympathy towards the Kosovar cause, however Israel still won't recognise Kosovo. Knesset representative Ruhama Avraham said that "at present the government of Israel has made decision not to join the group of countries which recognised the independence of Kosovo". She also said that Israel considers the situation "very disturbing". On 28 April 2009, Arthur Koll, the Israeli ambassador to Serbia, said it had been more than a year since Kosovo unilaterally declared independence, and that Israel had no intention of recognising that independence and that "Israel is asked from time to time how solid this decision is, but the fact is that Israel's position has not changed throughout this time. The Serbian people and government should appreciate Israel's position, which also demonstrates the friendship between the two states". On 16 September 2009, Israeli foreign minister Avigdor Lieberman said that Israel is "monitoring the situation between Serbia and Kosovo" and that Israel hopes for "a really comprehensive and peaceful solution" which would be established through negotiations between Belgrade and Pristina. Liberman said that his country would be able to withstand the pressure made on it to recognise Kosovo because Israel has "been under pressure since 1948 on many issues and we know how to deal with any pressure". "Israeli officials have confirmed that Israel will remain firm in its stand [on Kosovo]," Serbian Interior Minister Ivica Dačić said during a visit to Israel in late October 2009. In June 2011, Lieberman said that Kosovo's independence is a "sensitive issue" and that Israel may recognise Kosovo after other countries like Greece and Spain accept it. On 3 August 2012, during the opening of Israeli Embassy in Tirana, Lieberman, when asked about Kosovo, said that his country is in a delicate situation. In August 2012, Israeli Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Danny Ayalon, stated that Israel was considering recognising Kosovo, with a decision expected as soon as the following year.

J

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Jamaica	Following April 2010 meetings with Jamaican officials, Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić stated that Serbia can count on Jamaica's continued support in the preservation of its sovereignty and territorial integrity.

K

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Kazakhstan	In February 2008, a Kazakh foreign ministry spokesperson said that Kazakhstan opposes Kosovo's unilateral proclamation of independence. Kazakhstan insists the Kosovo issue should be solved peacefully in accordance with UN principles on national sovereignty and territorial integrity, the spokesperson said. In October 2008, Foreign Minister Marat Tazhin said that "the principle of territorial integrity is key in international law" and that for this reason Kazakhstan did not recognise Kosovo or Abkhazia and South Ossetia. In December 2008, Kazakh Prime Minister Karim Masimov stated that "We have an official position. Kazakhstan did not recognise Kosovo and does not recognise Abkhazia and South Ossetia. We consider that borders are defined and Kazakhstan will not recognise any new states".	OIC member
Kenya	On 30 July 2008, in a meeting between Kenya's Minister for Foreign Affairs Moses Wetangula, and Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić, Wetangula spoke of Kenya's principled position regarding Kosovo and the territorial integrity of Serbia. At a meeting on 27 May 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Zachary Muburi-Muita, the representative of Kenya to the UN, Mr. Muita reportedly said that "Kosovo deserves a place in the family of nations" and that he will pass the request for recognition to his government. He also said that a right for self-determination is an undeniable right. Following a September 2010 meeting with Kenyan politicians, Albanian Prime Minister Sali Berisha said that Kenya had promised to decide positively regarding recognition of Kosovo.
Kyrgyzstan	An official statement issued in early 2008 states that Kyrgyzstan will not recognise Kosovo's independence and considers it a dangerous precedent for separatist organisations in the world.	OIC member

L

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Laos	On 27 February 2008, the Lao Foreign Ministry issued a statement saying that "The Lao PDR urged all sides to respect the resolution of the UN Security Council No 1244, dated 10 June 1999, recognizing Kosovo as a Serbian province".
Lebanon	At a meeting on 28 May 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Nawaf Salam, the representative of Lebanon to the UN, Mr. Salam reportedly said that Lebanon will continue to support Kosovo and that the government of Lebanon is seeking the moment for recognition. In a November 2009 meeting between an Albanian delegation led by Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Edith Harxhi, and Lebanese officials including Prime Minister Saad Hariri, the Lebanese side reportedly said that Lebanon would soon recognise Kosovo. However, the Lebanese ambassador in Belgrade, Cehad Mualem, was later reported as saying that there was no possibility of Lebanon recognising Kosovo in the near future. He said that Lebanon would wait for the decision of the ICJ. In a February 2012 meeting between the Lebanese Prime Minister, Najib Mikati, and the speaker of the Parliament of Albania, Jozefina Topalli, Mikati said that the issue of Kosovo's recognition is being considered very seriously.	OIC member
Lesotho	Following a 3 September 2010 meeting with Lesotho's Minister of Foreign Affairs Mohlabi Tsekoa, Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić stated that Lesotho will support Serbia in all stages of the diplomatic struggle to preserve its sovereignty and territorial integrity. In March 2011, J.T. Metsing, Principal Secretary to Lesotho's Minister of Foreign Affairs is reported to have said that his government and the Ministry agree that Kosovo should be an independent country, but that they want it done right to ensure peace and stability.
Libya	According to Serbia, Abdulhati Al Obeidi, Secretary for European Affairs of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, after meeting with the Serbian Minister of Foreign Affairs Vuk Jeremić on 17 March 2008, stated that Libya will not recognise a unilateral declaration of independence by Kosovo. Al Obeidi said that Libya strongly supports the position of Serbia regarding Kosovo, despite the pressure from the EU and some Islamic nations to recognise, and that Libya considers the unilateral declaration of independence illegal. Al Obeidi stated that Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi considers the UNSC to be the only place where the Kosovo problem can be solved the right way. On 2 October 2008, according to Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, the Libyan ambassador at the UN, Giadalla Ettalhi, pledged to back Kosovo's independence while opposing Serbia's initiative to contest this. However, Libya did not partake in the vote. According to Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić, Gaddafi reassured him, during an 9 April 2009 meeting, that Libya will not recognise Kosovo. In the written statement supplied to the ICJ in April 2009, Libya stated that "the proclamation of the independence of the Province of Kosovo unilaterally by its institutions of self-government is a violation of international law" and that "the commitment to the principle of the territorial integrity of the Republic of Serbia is in keeping with international law, which gives absolute sovereignty to States over their regions". Following a September 2009 meeting between Gaddafi and Kosovar politician Behgjet Pacolli, Pacolli's New Kosovo Alliance party stated that Gaddafi had promised to carefully examine the possibility of Libya recognising Kosovo. Gaddafi also reportedly told Pacolli that there would be no barrier to free movement of Kosovars in Libya, or the development of economic, and other, relations. In a subsequent interview, Pacolli said "Today I say that Muammar Gadafi is not against Kosovo... I have to say also that the problem is the relation of Libya with Russia... Even though he knows Kosovo, President Gadafi said to me that it's not the right time to recognize Kosovo". It has also been reported that during Pacolli's visit, Gaddafi said that he would "never recognise Kosovo as long as their leaders remained American poodles". On 15 July 2012, Khaled Saad Alfallah, a member of a Libyan parliament delegation visiting Kosovo, said that Libya could recognise the independence of Kosovo three to six months after the formation of Libya's new government. He said that public opinion is with Kosovo and that recognition is only a matter of time.	OIC member

M

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Madagascar	In September 2012, Madagascar's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Zina Andrianarivelo-Razafy, said that he would draft a report on the recognition of Kosovo and forward it to his government.
Mali	Mali's President Amadou Toumani Touré was reported in the press in March 2008 as having expressed the Malian stance on Kosovo as follows: "International norms must be respected, because their abuse and the violation of territorial integrity could threaten a series of countries with a similar problem". In a 21 May 2010 meeting with Serbian Prime Minister, Mirko Cvetković, Mali's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Moctar Ouane, said that Serbia can count on Mali's support in its efforts to preserve its sovereignty and territorial integrity. In August 2011, President Touré is reported to have said that recognition of Kosovo will be seriously considered by Mali. Following the August 2012 publication of a note verbale recognising Kosovo's independence, purportedly signed by acting President of Mali Dioncounda Traoré, state run media in Mali issued a statement in which the Presidency of Mali denied recognising Kosovo and claimed that the document was a fabrication. Pacolli claimed that the Malian Army, who had recently seized control of the state in a coup d'état due to dissatisfaction over the governments handling of their own separatist uprising in Azawad, had intervened to reverse the recognition granted by the civilian president. On Pacolli's return to Mali to seek clarification on the issue, state leaders promised to reconfirm their recognition.	OIC member
Mauritius	On 8 May 2008, Mauritian Secretary General for Foreign Affairs, Anand Neewoor, stated that the Government of Mauritius would not recognise Kosovo any time soon because of their concerns that it would have implications for their "fight to regain the Chagos Islands". Neewoor said of a few African countries that had recognised Kosovo, that they were "only countries without concerns of split away regions". On 28 August 2008, Patrice Cure, head of the Multilateral Division at the Mauritian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, indicated no willingness by his government to reconsider its stance on Kosovo, continuing to hold the line connecting Kosovo to Chagos issues. A leaked 2009 cable from the US Embassy in Port Louis states that Mauritian Prime Minister, Navin Ramgoolam had called the embassy to say that he had decided that Mauritius would recognise Kosovo, despite opposition from his foreign ministry.
Mexico	On 19 February 2008, the Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Affairs issued a statement saying that Mexico is closely paying attention to the situation as it develops in order to adopt, at an opportune moment, a position on the declaration of independence. The same statement called on all parties to agree peacefully, through dialogue, on the final status of Kosovo and to reach an agreement on the rights of minorities and the maintenance of peace and security in the Balkans.
Moldova	Kosovo's declaration creates "deep concerns in the Republic of Moldova," the Moldovan government said in a February 2008 statement. Moldova will not recognise Kosovo's independence.
Mongolia	On 8 May 2009 Kosovan President Fatmir Sejdiu met Nyamaa Enkhbold, the Mongolian Deputy Parliament Speaker, to request recognition of Kosovo by Mongolia. Mr. Enkhbold reportedly promised to deal with the request once he had returned home. On 17 July 2012, both the President of Mongolia, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Gombojav Zandanshatar, said that Mongolia would consider recognising the independence of Kosovo.
Morocco	At a meeting in January 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni and Omar Zniber, Morocco's Ambassador to Austria, Mr. Zniber said that Morocco is carefully watching developments in Kosovo. He said, "People and institutions of my country understand and support the will of Kosovo people. We have been and remain close to Kosovo; I can tell you that my country is having wide consult[ation]s with other countries on the issue of Kosovo recognition. We will make a decision for Kosovo at [the] right time". During a September 2009 visit to Rabat, Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić said that Moroccan leaders had confirmed that Rabat had consolidated its position on not recognising Kosovo. Morocco's Foreign Minister Taieb Fassi Fihri stated that entities could not become states by unilateral declarations of independence, but only through UN processes or mutual consent. In June 2011, Moroccan government representatives explained that they had difficulty in recognising Kosovo due to the political context of Western Sahara. On 6 July 2012, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Morocco, Saad-Eddine El Othmani pledged that the highest state institutions would review a request for recognition by Kosovo, and a decision on recognition would be made within an appropriate period.	OIC member
Mozambique	In February 2008, Mozambican Deputy Foreign Minister Henrique Banze said in reference to Kosovo's declaration of independence, "We shall wait for the appropriate moment. It's a very sensitive matter and like all matters of this kind, it demands a lot of thought. Our government will work so that it may make the most appropriate decision in this case". In November 2008 Mozambique's ambassador to the UN, Filipe Chidumo, stated that his government is monitoring developments, and that it "understands Kosovo's people's will for freedom and independence". At a meeting on 18 June 2009 between Ambassador Chidumo and the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, Mr. Chidumo reportedly said that the issue of Kosovo continues to remain on Mozambique's agenda and that he would resubmit the request for recognition to his government. In September 2012, Mozambique's Minister for Foreign Affairs and Co-Operation, Oldemiro Julio Marques Baloi, said that his government would reconsider recognising Kosovo.	OIC member

N

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Namibia	In September 2010, following talks with Namibian officials, Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić stated that Namibia has no intentions of recognising Kosovo. The Foreign Minister of Namibia Utoni Nujoma said that the most important thing is to continue to search for a peaceful solution to the problem of Kosovo and that the opportunities should be sought for reconciliation between nations in the Balkans.
Nepal	A leaked 2009 cable from the US Embassy in Kathmandu states that during a meeting with US Assistant Secretary Richard Boucher, the Foreign Secretary of Nepal, Gyan Chandra Acharya, said that the Government of Nepal had yet to decide if it would recognise the independence of Kosovo. Acharya acknowledged that Nepal understood the US interest in Kosovo's recognition but could not make a decision at the time because of regional sensitivities.
Nicaragua	In February 2008, the Chancellor of Nicaragua, Samuel Santos, said that the government of his country maintains a position of "observation" to the unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo. "Nicaragua is watching the issue of Kosovo's independence, we have friends who are in agreement with this independence and other friends who disagree, there are some who are saying that [independence] is a threat to peace in that tender area. We just look at [this case and] we have no opinion on this issue."

P

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Pakistan	Main article: Pakistan's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Pakistan is somewhat sympathetic to the independence of Kosovo, but it finds itself unable to recognise it due to perceived implications for its own territorial integrity and due to the situations in Kashmir and Baluchistan.	OIC member
Paraguay	In February 2008, the Ministry of Foreign Relations of Paraguay published a statement saying that Paraguay took note of the independence declaration and was analysing the situation. In April 2010, it was reported that the Paraguayan president had told Kosovan pilot James Berisha, who was on an awareness-raising journey around Central and South America, that Paraguay had already recognised Kosovo's independence but had not made this known so as not to jeopardise their relationship with Russia.
Philippines	In February 2008, the Philippine's Foreign Affairs Secretary Alberto Romulo said in a statement: "Considering the existing sensibilities in the region, continued dialogue should be encouraged among all the parties concerned to ensure regional stability". He also said the Philippines is not willing to recognise Kosovo as an independent nation. On 19 February 2008, Romulo stated that recognition could complicate peace talks with Muslim separatists in Mindanao. He said that "while the Philippines does not oppose the idea of independence for Kosovo, it would prefer a settlement...taking into account the internationally accepted principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity".

R

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Romania	On 18 February 2008, a joint session of the Parliament of Romania voted not to recognise Kosovo's independence by 357 to 27, with support from all parties except the UDMR. Also the President and the Prime Minister opposed recognition. In February 2009, Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs Cristian Diaconescu said that "Romania does not change its position and will not recognize Kosovo's independence, which contradicts to the norms and principles of the international law" and that the EP resolution on Kosovo is not binding. In September 2009, Traian Băsescu announced that Romania will partner Serbia in its action at the ICJ and said that "Territorial partitions are unacceptable, regardless of what explanations [are] put forward to support them". On 24 September 2010, Romanian Prime Minister Emil Boc said in an address to the UNGA that while Romania respected the ICJ's opinion on the legality of Kosovo's independence it did not examine the key issue which was the legality of the creation of a new state. Romania will continue to not recognise Kosovo's independence. In March 2012 a majority of Romanian MEPs including Elena Băsescu (the president's daughter) voted for a resolution calling on the EU countries which have not yet recognised Kosovo to do so.	EU member NATO member
Russia	Main article: Russia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Russia is strongly opposed to Kosovo's independence.	UNSC permanent member
Rwanda	On 11 February 2009, the Director of International Organizations at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Rwanda, Ben Rutsinga, said that the African Union had no unified position on Kosovo independence and that Rwanda would not reach an "individual determination" in advance of such a unified position. On 18 September 2009, the Rwandan Foreign Minister, Rosemary Museminali, said that some countries would be likely to criticise a Rwandan recognition of Kosovo, accusing Rwanda of taking that stance in order to lay the basis for a similar breakaway by parts of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. She added that the Government of Kosovo had requested a meeting with her but she had not responded.

S

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Saint Kitts and Nevis	On 27 March 2008, Kosovo's declaration of independence was discussed at a meeting of St. Kitts & Nevis' Foreign Affairs Consultative Committee. It is "to be researched for fuller examination in future meetings". The St. Kitts & Nevis Foreign Ministry had the following to say in a commentary article: "The feud between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo date[s] back to the 7th century and it would be naïve to expect the conflict will be resolved overnight. The issues relating to territory, sovereignty, religion, ethnicity and minority rights are intricate to the fracas in the Balkans". In a September 2012 meeting with Kosovo's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Enver Hoxhaj, the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of St. Kitts & Nevis, Sam Condor, said that his state has a positive attitude towards the developments in Kosovo.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	In February 2008, when asked about Kosovo, the Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Ralph Gonsalves, said that "if the people of a country want independence, then I think they should have it".
Seychelles	In September 2012, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Seychelles, Jean-Paul Adam, said that his country is not against Kosovo's independence, and that formal recognition will occur very soon.
Singapore	On 18 February 2008, the Singapore Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement through its spokesman regarding Kosovo's declaration of independence: "Singapore is still studying the matter. This is a controversial move that has many complex ramifications around the world. The situation under international law is not clear and the kind of precedent that could be set needs to be carefully assessed. We hope international mediation efforts would continue so that a solution acceptable to all parties can be found". According to the Serbian Foreign Minister, Vuk Jeremić, who met with Singaporean officials in August 2008, Singapore does not intend to recognise Kosovo and it considers the unilateral declaration a dangerous precedent which could cause instability throughout the world. On 8 October the representative of Singapore at the UN said that he was sympathetic to the quest of the people of Kosovo, as they, indeed, had suffered terrible treatment in the past and that many countries had expressed sympathy for some form of autonomy for Kosovo. However he said that to date, Singapore had not supported Kosovo’s unilateral declaration of independence, and was concerned about the precedent it could set. He also said that Singapore preferred that the matter be resolved peacefully by the concerned parties. In a 25 September 2010 meeting between the Foreign Ministers of Kosovo and Singapore, Skënder Hyseni and George Yeo, Mr. Yeo said that Singapore had been awaiting the outcome of the ICJ case before making a decision on recognising Kosovo. Now that the court has made its decision, Singapore is studying it very carefully. In March 2012, Singapore's Minister of Foreign Affairs, K. Shanmugam, said that Singapore would reconsider its position on Kosovo's independence in the light of recent developments there, and in the framework of the EU integration perspective. On 26 September 2012, Mr. Shanmugam said that Singapore has a very positive attitude to the independent state of Kosovo and would consider the request to recognise it.
Slovakia	Main article: Slovakia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Slovakia has not recognised Kosovo, but has given indications that its stance could change in the future.	EU member NATO member
Solomon Islands	In August 2012, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of the Solomon Islands, Clay Forau Soalaoi, said that he expressed a strong sympathy for an independent and democratic Kosovo, and that his country would consider the request to recognise its independence.
South Africa	Main article: South Africa's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence South Africa's reaction to the independence of Kosovo has been mixed.
South Sudan	In July 2011, Kosovo's First Deputy Prime Minister, Behgjet Pacolli, was invited to attend South Sudan's independence ceremony. In September 2012, South Sudan's Vice President, Riek Machar Teny, invited Kosovo's Prime Minister, Hashim Thaçi, to South Sudan to discuss building bilateral relations between the two countries.
Spain	Main article: Spain's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Spain is the only major country in Western Europe that has not recognised Kosovo, mainly due to concerns about perceived implications regarding its own territory. Nevertheless it has given indications that its stance could change in the future.	EU member NATO member
Sri Lanka	In February 2008, the Foreign Ministry of Sri Lanka called Kosovo's declaration of independence a violation of the UN Charter and emphasised its concern that the act "could set an unmanageable precedent in the conduct of international relations, the established global order of sovereign States and could thus pose a grave threat to international peace and security". In a June 2009 meeting with Serbian President Boris Tadić, Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa re-affirmed his country's solidarity with Serbia and stated that Sri Lanka remained firmly opposed to Kosovo's independence as it threatened the international order. Rajapaksa said that there could be no right for countries to be formed by secession, which was in violation of the UN Charter and the principles of national sovereignty. In a September 2011 meeting with Kosovo's First Deputy Prime Minister Behgjet Pacolli, Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa promised that Sri Lanka will continue to cooperate and expressed his willing to continue contacts which would lead to the construction of interstate relations in the future.
Sudan	At the summit of the OIC on 10 March 2008, Sudan opposed adoption of the document, proposed by Turkey, that would lend support to Kosovo's declaration of independence. On 28 August 2008, Sudan's envoy to the UN Abdelmahmood Abdelhaleem stated that his government remains opposed to the independence of Kosovo and that they will support Serbia's request that the UNGA ask for an advisory opinion from the ICJ. In a September 2010 meeting between the Foreign Ministers of Kosovo and Sudan, Skënder Hyseni and Ali Karti, Mr. Karti said that Sudan has closely followed the decision of the ICJ, and will, sooner or later, support Kosovo.	OIC member
Suriname	At a meeting on 28 May 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Henry Leonard MacDonald, the representative of Suriname to the UN, Mr. MacDonald reportedly ensured that he would submit the application for recognition to his government.	OIC member
Syria	On 13 May 2009, Syria's ambassador to Serbia, Majed Shadoud, reported that Syrian President Bashar al-Assad told Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić that his country continues to oppose the recognition of the independence of Kosovo. Shadoud quoted as-Assad as saying "Syria urges a political solution for the situation in the Balkans and the Middle East and is opposed to any kind of divisions in both regions, regardless of whether religious, ethnic or nationalist reasons are in question". In April 2012 a Syrian opposition delegation (Syrian National Council) led by Ammar Abdulhamid visited Pristina and promised to recognise Kosovo immediately after the triumph of democracy in Syria.	OIC member

T

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Tajikistan	In February 2008, the Chairman of the International Affairs Committee of the Assembly of Representatives of Tajikistan, Asomudin Saidov, stated that Tajikistan will not recognise Kosovo's independence as it considers it to be the violation of legal norms and a danger for Europe. In February 2009, Jamaluddin Ubaidulloev, Second Secretary of the Department of European and North American Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Tajikistan, said that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs could not offer an official position on the recognition of Kosovo because it had received no decision on the matter from the government. However in past conversations, the Head of the European and North American Affairs at the Ministry, Khusrav Nosiri, had commented that Tajikistan wished to avoid the question of Kosovo recognition because of perceived parallels with the question of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.	OIC member
Tanzania	According to Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić, during an 8 April 2009 meeting in Libya, the Tanzanian President Jakaya Kikwete reassured him that Tanzania would keep its policy of not recognising Kosovo's independence. In May 2010, the Foreign Minister of Tanzania, Bernard Membe Kamillius is reported to have told his Kosovan counterpart that Tanzania is now seriously considering recognition of Kosovo. In April 2011, Bernard Membe Kamillius stated that "Africa is ready to recognise Kosovo – even tomorrow morning – if the UK and the US acknowledge Western Sahara's sovereignty... We wish them all the best, and hope that they get will the 21 countries they still need" however until then "Kosovo is part of Serbia, as Pemba is to Tanzania" and that Tanzania has "excellent bilateral relations with Serbia". In May 2011, it was reported that Tanzania's refusal to recognise Kosovo was due to fear of jeopardising relations with Russia. In September 2011, Tanzania's President and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jakaya Kikwete and Bernard Membe, are reported to have responded positively to a request for recogition by Kosovo.
Thailand	In February 2008, Thailand was awaiting the decision of the UNSC. In March 2012, Thai Deputy Prime Minister, Yuthasak Sasiprapha, said that he was following the developments in the Balkans and Kosovo and that steps will be taken to facilitate travel by Kosovo's citizens in Thailand. In a 12 March 2012 interview after his visit to Bangkok, Albanian Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Edmond Haxhinasto, said that Thai authorities have made ​​the first steps toward the recognition of Kosovo. In a 5 May 2012 meeting between the Foreign Affairs Ministers of Thailand and Kosovo, Surapong Tovichakchaikul and Enver Hoxhaj, Mr. Surapong said that recognition of Kosovo would be seriously considered by his country, and that there would soon be positive news for Kosovo. He added that Kosovo's independence has contributed to peace and security in the region and Europe. On 6 May 2012, Thai Deputy Foreign Affairs Minister, Jullapong Nonsrichai told Minister Hoxhaj that very soon the two countries would enter into diplomatic relations.
Timor-Leste	On 14 February 2008, three days prior to Kosovo's declaration of independence, Vicky Tchong, Secretary General of Timor-Leste's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, expressed broad agreement with the US position that Timor-Leste promptly recognise an independent Kosovo following its secession from Serbia, but said that she could not definitively commit on behalf of Timor-Leste without consulting with Foreign Minister Zacarias da Costa. On 6 March 2008, da Costa told the US ambassador that the government of Timor-Leste had decided to recognise the Republic of Kosovo. On 2 July 2008, Tchong said that there had been no change in Timor-Leste's position: that they recognise Kosovo's independence but are not yet prepared to make a public statement to that effect. She said that any public acknowledgement by Timor-Leste of an independent Kosovo would have to go through "our own internal political process". On 14 November 2008, it was reported that Kosovo's Foreign Minister Skënder Hyseni had received a promise of imminent recognition from Timor-Leste. At a meeting on 26 May 2009 between Hyseni and Nelson Santos, the representative of Timor-Leste to the UN, Mr. Santos reportedly said that Kosovo is quite high up on Timor-Leste's agenda, that recognition of Kosovo from Timor-Leste is "just a matter of time" and that it is clear that "Kosovo's independence is irreversible". On 14 September 2009, the Acting Director for External Relations of Timor Leste's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Elisa da Silva, expressed concern that Timor-Leste would be drawn into a controversial issue that could adversely affect its interests. She believed, however, that Timor-Leste would make some sort of public comment on Kosovo either at the United Nations or another forum. Following a September 2010 meeting with the President of Timor-Leste, Albanian Prime Minister Sali Berisha said that Timor-Leste had started a parliamentary debate on the recognition of Kosovo. In August 2012, Timor-Leste's Minister of Foreign Affairs, José Luís Guterres, said that his country has always supported the aspirations and will of Kosovo's citizens to achieve their independence, and that Timor-Leste has a positive attitude about the official recognition of independent Kosovo. In a September 2012 meeting with Kosovo's Foreign Minister, Enver Hoxhaj, Guterres said "Your nation was always in our hearts. That is also why the recognition of the Republic of Kosovo, beyond a formal act, is an obligation which stems from our heart". Guterres said that he would consult with the Prime Minister, the President and the Parliament of Timor-Leste on the matter of Kosovo's recognition. He also said that there was no legal reason to prevent their recognition of Kosovo, and that according to the Constitution of Timor-Leste, his country supports countries that have fought for their independence. Therefore, East Timor will join those countries that have officially recognized Kosovo's independence.
Togo	On 16 August 2011, Togo's President Faure Gnassingbé met with First Deputy Prime Minister of Kosovo Behgjet Pacolli and they agreed to standardise and develop cooperation between Kosovo and Togo. In a 3 April 2012 interview, Pacolli said that Gnassingbé had promised to immediately begin formalising the recognition of Kosovo. On 5 August 2012 it was reported that the Togolese government had formally recognised Kosovo, with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo awaiting the arrival of the note verbale. During an August 2012 visit to Togo, Pacolli received assurances that recognition would come shortly. In September 2012, Togo's Foreign Minister, Elliott Ohin expressed his confidence that a forthcoming meeting between the Presidents of Togo and Kosovo would deliver results in in strengthening peace and security in Kosovo and the region.	OIC member
Tonga	At a meeting in May 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Sonatane Tuʻa Taumoepeau-Tupou, the representative of Tonga to the UN, Mr. Taumoepeau-Tupou reportedly said he would convey the request for recognition to his government.
Trinidad and Tobago	On 20 February 2008, Trinidad and Tobago's Foreign Minister Paula Gopee-Scoon took a positive stance and promised the US Ambassador that she would pursue the matter of Kosovo's recognition. At a meeting on 25 March 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Maria Annette Valere, the Ambassador of Trinidad and Tobago to the UN, Mrs. Valere said that her country knows how important the process of international recognition is for Kosovo, and that the government of Trinidad and Tobago would address the request for recognition in the near future.
Tunisia	At a meeting on 28 May 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Jalel Snoussi, the representative of Tunisia to the UN, Mr. Snoussi reportedly said that he would inform the Tunisian authorities of Kosovo's request for recognition. In November 2009, the Ambassador of Tunisia to Serbia, Houria Ferchichi, said that Tunisia supports Serbia's commitment to a peaceful and compromised solution of the Kosovo issue through the UN, and the efforts of Serbian diplomacy in that direction. In a September 2010 meeting between the Foreign Ministers of Kosovo and Tunisia, Skënder Hyseni and Kamel Morjane, Mr. Morjane said that Tunisia will take the opinion of the ICJ very seriously, and will review Kosovo's request for recognition in government. In August 2011 during a meeting in Tunis with Kosovo's First Deputy Prime Minister, Behgjet Pacolli, the leader of Ennahda Movement, Rashid al-Ghannushi, "guaranteed Tunisia would recognize Kosovo if his party won the elections". On 29 October 2011, following a meeting in Paris with representatives of Tunisia's Ennahda Movement, Behgjet Pacolli, reported that Tunisia was expected to recognise Kosovo following the forthcoming elections.	OIC member
Turkmenistan	In a September 2010 meeting with Albanian Prime Minister Sali Berisha, Turkmen President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow said that his country would consider the recognition of Kosovo at the right time.	OIC member

U

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Ukraine	Main article: Ukraine's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Ukraine refuses to recognise the independence of Kosovo.
Uruguay	According to Ultimas Noticias, a news agency from Uruguay, in March 2008 "Uruguay has not recognised Kosovo's declaration of independence, because doing so would not be in accordance with its required three pillars of recognition: the principle of territorial integrity of states, achieving a solution through dialogue and consensus, and recognition by international organisations." On 27 September 2010, Uruguay's Deputy Foreign Affairs Minister Roberto Conde, stated that Uruguay would never recognise the independence of Kosovo.
Uzbekistan	In February 2008, the Uzbek government believes that questions of independence should be decided in the UN assembly. As for Kosovo, Uzbekistan has yet to come up with a final position.	OIC member

V

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Venezuela	In February 2008, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez announced that Venezuela does not recognise Kosovo's independence on the grounds that it has been achieved through U.S. pressure and criticised a recent political movement calling out for a more autonomous Zulia State. On 24 March 2008, Chavez accused Washington of trying to "weaken Russia" by supporting independence for Kosovo. He called Kosovo's new leader, Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi, a "terrorist" put in power by the U.S. and noted that the former rebel leader's nom de guerre was "The Snake".
Vietnam	In February 2008, UN Ambassador Le Luong Minh "reaffirmed Vietnam policy that the fact that Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence is not a correct implementation of the U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244 and that will only complicate the situation in Kosovo and the Balkan region". In a 23 February 2011 meeting between Vietnamese Deputy Prime Minister Pham Gia Khiem and Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić, Khiem reaffirmed Vietnam's position of supporting "Kosovo-related issues under the United Nations Security Council's decree to gain comprehensive measures in terms of respecting national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and assuring the benefits of involved nations". In a 24 November 2011 meeting with Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Albania, Edmond Haxhinasto, Vietnam's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Pham Binh Minh, said that Vietnam is following the developments in Kosovo, and that Serbia and Kosovo should continue the dialogue to find common ground that will be acceptable to both parties.

Y

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Yemen	At a meeting on 26 May 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Abdullah M. Alsaidi, the representative of Yemen to the UN, Mr. Alsaidi reportedly said that he will be personally working to speed the process of recognition up on the part of Yemen Government. He is also reported to have said that "Kosovo's independence had no other alternative" and "is irreversible". At a meeting in September 2009 between the Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, and Abu Bakr al-Kurbi, Yemeni Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. al-Kurbi said that Yemen would recognise Kosovo's independence soon. In September 2011, al-Kurbi said that recognition of Kosovo is a priority for his government, and that Yemen has concluded that it is time that, like Qatar and some other Arab countries, Yemen also recognises the state of Kosovo.	OIC member

Z

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Zambia	In early March 2008, Zambian Foreign Affairs Minister, Kabinga Pande, said that Zambia has not decided its position on the declaration of Kosovo's independence. Pande said the government needs more time to analyse the matter. In a September 2010 meeting with Kosovan Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, Mr. Pande said that Zambia is carefully studying the opinion of the ICJ and that the request for recognition will be processed soon. In a subsequent meeting with the Albanian Foreign Minister, Edmond Haxhinasto, Mr. Pande said that Kosovo's independence is an irreversible reality and that the decision of the ICJ's opinion eased the decision on recognition of Kosovo for many African countries. On 27 February 2011, regarding a request to recognise Kosovo, Pande stated that "We will evaluate that request. It will have to undergo scrutiny like we always do". In September 2012, Zambia's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Given Lubinda, said that his country has no reason not to recognise Kosovo.
Zimbabwe	In April 2011, Claudius Nhema, Deputy Director of Protocol in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Zimbabwe, reportedly told Kosovan pilot James Berisha that Zimbabwe would be considering Kosovo's recognition, but that they should wait for a recommendation from the Zimbabwean UN representative who should bring it to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs after which it would be taken to Parliament for ratification.

Other states and entities

Country	Position	Relevant international membership
Abkhazia	President Sergei Bagapsh of the Republic of Abkhazia, another country with partial recognition, regards "the promotion of Kosovo by the U.S.A. and some European states towards the declaration of independence as a visible demonstration of the policy of double standards". "Why does not the world community put any attention to the violent actions against ethnic minorities living in Kosovo..., the lack of interethnic reconciliation...", Sergey Bagapsh noted. "We are solidly convinced of the fact that [now] we have got an even wider moral base for the recognition of our independence." On 5 September 2008, the Abkhazian Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Shamba, said he was ready to recognise Kosovo's independence, "if Kosovo agrees to recognize our own (Abkhazia) independence, we will certainly recognize them as well".
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic	In February 2008, Georgiy Petrosyan, Minister of Foreign Affairs the non-recognised, de facto independent Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, said that he does not regard the conflict between his motherland and Azerbaijan, and the conflict between Kosovo and Serbia as completely similar. He noted that "approaches and solutions, which have recommended themselves while regulating one problem, can be used when looking for a solution to another one". Petrosyan stated that "the recognition of independent Kosovo will become an additional factor strengthening the status of [the] Stepanakert government" that he represents. On 12 March 2008 following Kosovo's declaration of independence, the National Assembly of Nagorno-Karabakh adopted a statement calling on the world's parliaments to be consistent in their recognition of states established on the basis of the right for self-determination and not to use double standards. The statement commended the stance of the international community respecting the human and civil rights of the majority of Kosovo's population. In December 2011, it was reported that Vasily Atajanyan, the acting foreign minister of Nagorno-Karabakh, had said that Nagorno-Karabakh would recognise Kosovo if recognition were reciprocated. In response, Enver Hoxhaj, Foreign Minister of Kosovo, said that Kosovo can only have formal relations with members of the UN.
Northern Cyprus	The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) is recognised only by Turkey and is an observer of the OIC. In February 2008, the then President Mehmet Ali Talat welcomed Kosovo's independence, but the TRNC has not yet decided to recognise Kosovo.	OIC Observer
Palestine	Shortly after the declaration, two senior Palestinian officials representing the Mahmoud Abbas West Bank-controlling government, who also are part of the team negotiating with Israel, disagreed on what the Kosovo events implied for Palestine. Yasser Abed Rabbo said, "If things are not going in the direction of continuous and serious negotiations, then we should take the step and announce our independence unilaterally. Kosovo is not better than us. We deserve independence even before Kosovo, and we ask for the backing of the United States and the European Union for our independence". Saeb Erekat responded that the Palestine Liberation Organization had already declared independence in 1988. "Now we need real independence, not a declaration," said Erekat, "We need real independence by ending the occupation. We are not Kosovo. We are under Israeli occupation and for independence we need to acquire independence". During a July 2009 state visit to Serbia, President of the Palestinian National Authority, Mahmoud Abbas, when discussing both the situations in the Middle East and Kosovo said, "We are looking for a way to resolve these problems in a peaceful way, by upholding international law. We cannot impose solutions nor can we accept imposed solutions. That is why we must negotiate". In June 2011, Dr. Khraishi Ibrahim, Palestine's representative to the UN, stated that Palestine supports the process started for Kosovo's integration into the European and international communities, and supports its independence. In September 2011 during the meeting of Foreign Ministers of the Non-Aligned Movement summit in Belgrade, the Palestinian Ambassador to the UN Riyad Mansour said that Palestine was a "typical foreign occupation which cannot be compared to the issue of Kosovo" as confirmed by international law and the UN.	UN Permanent Observer Non-state entity OIC member
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	The Polisario Front, which governs the partially recognised Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, has stated that the speedy recognition of Kosovo's independence by many countries shows the double standards of the international community, considering that the Western Sahara issue remains unsolved after three decades.
Somaliland	The President of Somaliland Ahmed Silanyo said in 2010, "We are heartened by Kosovo and what's happened to Southern Sudan that means it opens the door for us. The principle that countries should remain as they were at the time of independence has changed so why should it not work for us as well".
South Ossetia	President Eduard Kokoity of the Republic of South Ossetia, stated that it is not fair to compare this breakaway region with Kosovo because South Ossetians have far more right to a state of their own than Kosovo Albanians. He said that "Kosovo Albanians got independence after NATO's aggression on Serbia. Americans and NATO member countries took away Serbia's province. I feel sincerely for the Serb people," and that "Serbs had a well-organized state that provided for a normal life for Albanians. For this reason, what Americans have done to the Serbs is injustice".
Transnistria	Transnistria, a de-facto independent state, recognised only by Abkhazia and South Ossetia, seceded from Moldova in 1990, and has no policy towards Kosovo, but the Transnistrian Foreign Ministry has said that "The declaration and recognition of Kosovo are of fundamental importance, since thereby a new conflict settlement model has been established, based on the priority of people's right to self-determination. Pridnestrovie [Transnistria] holds that this model should be applicable to all conflicts which have similar political, legal, and economic bases".
Vatican City (Holy See)	Main article: Vatican City's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Vatican City's reaction has been mixed. Since Kosovo's declaration there has been information suggesting de facto recognition, and information suggesting that this was not the case.	UN Permanent Observer State

Positions taken by intergovernmental organisations

Intergovernmental organisations do not themselves diplomatically recognise any state; their member states do so individually. However, depending on the intergovernmental organisation's rules of internal governance and the positions of their member states, they may express positive or negative opinions as to declarations of independence, or choose to offer or withhold membership to a partially recognised state.

International organisation	Position
Arab League	In May 2009, the Secretary General of the Arab League, Amr Moussa, welcomed a request by Kosovo's Foreign Minister, Skënder Hyseni, to establish regular communications. At a meeting on 18 June 2009 between Skënder Hyseni and Yahya A. Mahmassani, the representative of the Arab League to the UN, Ambassador Mahmassani said that the Kosovo issue is being discussed at the Arab League, and that there would be gradual movement towards recognition as most Arab states are supportive of Kosovo. Member states (11 / 22) Algeria • Bahrain † • Comoros † • Djibouti † • Egypt • Iraq • Jordan † • Kuwait † • Lebanon • Libya • Mauritania † • Morocco • Oman † • Palestine • Qatar † • Saudi Arabia † • Somalia † • Sudan • Syria • Tunisia • United Arab Emirates † • Yemen  † – Have recognised Kosovo.
Caribbean Community (CARICOM)	In August 2010, Albanian Parliament Speaker Jozefina Topalli received a letter from the chairman of the Grenadian Parliament, George J. McGuire, stating that CARICOM members would soon make a joint decision on the recognition of Kosovo. On 19 August 2011, it was reported that the CARICOM members had made a joint decision to recognise Kosovo, with each state making an official recognition in the coming hours or days. Member states (4 / 15) Antigua and Barbuda • Bahamas • Barbados • Belize † • Dominica • Grenada • Guyana • Haiti † • Jamaica • Montserrat ‡ • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Lucia † • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Suriname • Trinidad and Tobago  † – Have recognised Kosovo.  ‡ – British Overseas Territory; the UK (which recognises Kosovo) represents its foreign affairs.
Council of Europe (CoE)	Kosovo plans to apply for membership in the Council of Europe since it considers that it fulfills the statutory requirements to do so. If Kosovo receives 2/3 votes from the member countries, it will be admitted to the Council. Kosovo has already been recognised by 2/3 of the CoE members, thus it should be able to join the organisation. In May 2012, the Chairman of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, Edmond Haxhinasto, pledged to work for a stronger role for Kosovo during the Albanian chairmanship of the Council. Haxhinasto added that Kosovo would in the near future be a part of the family of states of the Council of Europe. However, the Secretary-General of the Council of Europe, Thorbjørn Jagland, commented that membership of Kosovo depends on the willingness of members. Member states (34 / 47) Albania † • Andorra † • Armenia • Austria † • Azerbaijan • Belgium † • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria † • Croatia † • Cyprus • Czech Republic † • Denmark † • Estonia † • Finland † • France † • Georgia • Germany † • Greece • Hungary † • Iceland † • Ireland † • Italy † • Latvia † • Liechtenstein † • Lithuania † • Luxembourg † • Macedonia † • Malta † • Moldova • Monaco † • Montenegro † • Netherlands † • Norway † • Poland † • Portugal † • Romania • Russia • San Marino † • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia † • Spain • Sweden † • Switzerland † • Turkey † • Ukraine • United Kingdom †  † – Have recognised Kosovo.
European Union (EU)	The EU, like other IGOs, does not possess the legal capacity to diplomatically recognise any state; member states do so individually. The majority of member states have recognised Kosovo. To articulate a common EU policy of either support or opposition to Kosovo's independence would require unanimity on the subject from all 27 member states, which does not presently exist. On 18 February 2008, the EU officially stated that it would "take note" of the resolution of the Kosovo assembly. The EU is sending a EULEX mission to Kosovo, which includes a special representative and 2000 police and judicial personnel. Although the European Parliament is not formally vested with the authority to shape the EU's foreign policy, it was seen to be expressing its acceptance of Kosovan independence when it hosted the Kosovan Assembly in an interparliamentary meeting on 30 May 2008. This was also the first time Kosovo's flag was officially hoisted at an EU institution. On 5 February 2009, the European Parliament adopted a resolution that encouraged all EU member states to recognise Kosovo. The resolution also welcomed the successful deployment of EULEX across Kosovo, and rejected the possibility of Kosovo's partition. It was passed with 424 voted in favour, and 133 against. Some Romanian and Communist representatives called for a new international conference on Kosovo's status or to allow the northern part of the country to join Serbia. On 8 July 2010, the European Parliament adopted a resolution welcoming "the recognition by all Member States of the independence of Kosovo", and stating that EU Member States should "step up their common approach towards Kosovo". The resolution rejected the possibility of a partition of Kosovo. On 29 March 2012, the European Parliament adopted a resolution that urged the five EU member states that had not recognised Kosovo's independence to do so. Member states (22 / 27) Acceding state (1 / 1) Candidates (4 / 5) Austria † • Belgium † • Bulgaria † • Cyprus • Czech Republic † • Denmark † • Estonia † • Finland † • France † • Germany † • Greece • Hungary † • Ireland † • Italy † • Latvia † • Lithuania † • Luxembourg † • Malta † • Netherlands † • Poland † • Portugal † • Romania • Slovakia • Slovenia † • Spain • Sweden † • United Kingdom † Acceding: Croatia † Candidates: Iceland † • Macedonia † • Montenegro † • Serbia • Turkey †  † – Have recognised Kosovo.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)	On 15 July 2008, the IMF issued a statement saying "It has been determined that Kosovo has seceded from Serbia as a new independent state and that Serbia is the continuing state," thus acknowledging the separation of Kosovo from Serbia. Kosovo became a member after it signed the IMF's Articles of Agreement on 29 June 2009.
International Organization for Migration (IOM)	On 30 March 2012 during a meeting in Geneva between the Deputy Foreign Minister of Kosovo and Deputy Director of IOM, Petrit Selimi and Laura Thomson, Ms Thomson expressed readiness to continue advanced discussions with the representatives of Kosovo to further advance the prospects for membership.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)	NATO maintains that its ongoing Kosovo Force mission and mandate remain unchanged and that "NATO reaffirms that KFOR shall remain in Kosovo on the basis of UNSCR 1244, as agreed by Foreign Ministers in December 2007, unless the UN Security Council decides otherwise". Member states (24 / 28) Candidates (2 / 3) Albania † • Belgium † • Bulgaria † • Canada † • Croatia † • Czech Republic † • Denmark † • Estonia † • France † • Germany † • Greece • Hungary † • Iceland † • Italy † • Latvia † • Lithuania † • Luxembourg † • Netherlands † • Norway † • Poland † • Portugal † • Romania • Slovakia • Slovenia † • Spain • Turkey † • United Kingdom † • United States † Candidates: Bosnia and Herzegovina • Macedonia † • Montenegro †  † – Have recognised Kosovo.
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)	In February 2008, Secretary General of the OIC Prof. Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu said "Kosovo has finally declared its independence after a long and determined struggle by its people. As we rejoice this happy result, we declare our solidarity with and support to our brothers and sisters there. The Islamic Umma wishes them success in their new battle awaiting them which is the building of a strong and prosperous a state capable of satisfying of its people". The OIC did not call on its individual member states to extend recognition, as some member states, including Azerbaijan, Egypt, Indonesia and Sudan, were firmly against any issuance of such a statement. On 25 May 2009, at the OIC's 36th session of the Council of Foreign Ministers in Damascus, the 57 member states adopted a resolution that noted Kosovo's declaration of independence, upheld the role of the UN in Kosovo, reaffirmed the strong interest of the OIC regarding Muslims in the Balkans, welcomed the co-operation of Kosovo with the OIC Economic and Financial institutions, and called on the international community to continue contributing to the fostering of Kosovo's economy. It has been reported that an earlier draft of the resolution (tabled by Saudi Arabia) had called for recognition of Kosovo by Islamic countries, but this was rejected by some member states, including Syria, Egypt and Azerbaijan. The OIC mechanism is similar to the one adopted by the EU which leaves it up to member states to decide. In June 2011, the OIC adopted a resolution calling on member states to consider recognising Kosovo but once again it left the recognition issue to individual member states. Member states (30 / 57) Afghanistan † • Albania † • Algeria • Azerbaijan • Bahrain † • Bangladesh • Benin † • Burkina Faso † • Brunei † • Cameroon • Chad † • Comoros † • Côte d'Ivoire † • Djibouti † • Egypt • Gabon † • Gambia † • Guinea † • Guinea-Bissau † • Guyana • Indonesia • Iran • Iraq • Jordan † • Kuwait † • Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan • Lebanon • Libya • Maldives † • Malaysia † • Mali • Mauritania † • Morocco • Mozambique • Niger † • Nigeria † • Oman † • Pakistan • Palestine • Qatar † • Saudi Arabia † • Senegal † • Sierra Leone † • Somalia † • Sudan • Suriname • Syria • Tajikistan • Togo • Tunisia • Turkey † • Turkmenistan • Uganda † • Uzbekistan • United Arab Emirates † • Yemen  † – Have recognised Kosovo.
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)	On 19 February 2008, Chairman Ilkka Kanerva and OSCE Minorities Commissioner Knut Vollebæk called for Kosovo's government to vigorously implement agreed-upon frameworks regarding minorities. Serbia has vowed to oppose OSCE membership for Kosovo and is calling for the organisation to condemn the declaration of independence. Member states (36 / 56) Albania † • Andorra † • Armenia • Austria † • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium † • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria † • Canada † • Croatia † • Cyprus • Czech Republic † • Denmark † • Estonia † • Finland † • France † • Georgia • Germany † • Greece • Hungary † • Iceland † • Ireland † • Italy † • Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan • Latvia † • Liechtenstein † • Lithuania † • Luxembourg † • Macedonia † • Malta † • Moldova • Monaco † • Montenegro † • Netherlands † • Norway † • Poland † • Portugal † • Romania • Russia • San Marino † • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia † • Spain • Sweden † • Switzerland † • Tajikistan • Turkey † • Turkmenistan • Ukraine • United Kingdom † • United States † • Uzbekistan • Vatican City  † – Have recognised Kosovo.
United Nations (UN)	Russia called an emergency session of the United Nations Security Council on 17 February 2008, but the council members, given differences in stated position between permanent members, failed to reach a consensus. Russia requested another meeting on 18 February. In March 2008 the UNMIK mission in Kosovo told the Serbian government to cease its interference in North Kosovo after local Serbs burned down a customs office set up by the Republic of Kosovo. It is expected that Russia's refusal to recognise Kosovo will prevent Kosovo from attaining a seat at the UN, as Russia is one of the five permanent members of the Security Council from which Kosovo will need unanimous approval. The UK, France, and the US, which take the opposite position and recognise Kosovo, and PR China, which has expressed concern, are the other permanent members. There are ten other non-permanent members, three of which have recognised Kosovo. On 17 January 2012, the President of Kosovo, Atifete Jahjaga, had a meeting with the President of the United Nations General Assembly, Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser, who stated that he will continue to support Kosovo in all initiatives and processes through which it is running. On 11 July 2012, the elected President of the United Nations General Assembly, Serb Vuk Jeremić, said that Kosovo's move to join the UN during his upcoming presidency of the UN General Assembly would be "an act of pointless provocation". "As long as Serbia presides over the UN, and that's for the next year, this could only happen over my dead body," Jeremić said. However, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said that Jeremić should have stated this as an official of Serbia, not as the President of the UN General Assembly. Member states (114 / 193) Members of Security Council (6 / 15) Azerbaijan • China • Colombia † • France † • Germany † • Guatemala • India • Morocco • Pakistan • Portugal † • Russia • South Africa • Togo • United Kingdom † • United States †  † – Have recognised Kosovo.
World Bank	On 29 June 2009, the Republic of Kosovo became a full member of the World Bank.

Positions taken by other actors

Autonomous regions and secessionist movements

Entity	Position
Basque Government	The regional Basque government, unlike the central Spanish government in Madrid, responded very positively to Kosovo's declaration of independence. A regional government spokeswoman said that "It's a lesson to be followed when it comes to peaceful and democratic solutions of the identity and allegiance problems... It shows that respect of the citizens' will is the key to solving difficult political problems".
File:Flag of the Balochistan Liberation Army.svg Balochistan	In August 2010, Baloch separatist leader Jumma Khan Marri welcomed the independence of Kosovo and the ruling by the Interational Court of Justice that ruled that the declaration of independence by Kosovo was not in violation of international law. He also said that he hoped that the west would do the same thing and force Pakistan to give self-determination to the Baloch people. In October 2010, former Minister of Fisheries and opposition member of the Balochistan Assembly Kachkol Ali hailed the decision of the International Court of Justice on Kosovo's declaration of Independence as "a glorious judgment for the national liberation movements". He said that it was a beacon of hope for enslaved nations.
Central Tibetan Administration (government in exile)	In June 2008, an article was published on the website of the Central Tibetan Administration saying that if Kosovo has a right to independence then Tibet has every right to become an independent nation and Tibetans are fully entitled to the right of self-determination. In April 2010, the 14th Dalai Lama, then joint executive authority within the government in exile, sent a telegram of congratulations to Kosovo's Prime Minister, Hashim Thaçi, saying that he is satisfied with the independence of Kosovo and that he prays that Kosovo's democratic state will be a model for others to follow.
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (government in exile)	Usman Ferzauli, the Foreign Minister of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria's government in exile, said that his country "welcome the declaration of state independence by Kosovo and do not question the right of the people of Kosovo to distance themselves from the state that terrorized it". The Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Akhmed Zakayev, stated in an April 2010 interview that to him and his nation, Kosovo represented a hope, and also made reference to a letter he had apparently sent to Kosovo's Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi congratulating the latter.
East Turkestan (government in exile)	The self-declared East Turkistan Government-in-Exile is based in the US, and does not have formalised relations with any UN-recognised state. On 18 February 2008, Ansar Yusuf Turani, the representative of the government-in-exile, released a press statement saying "On behalf of the people of East Turkistan, the East Turkistan Government in Exile hereby recognizes Kosovo as an independent and sovereign state and wishes peace and prosperity for the people of Kosovo".
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front	On 11 March 2008, the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front staged a demonstration in Brussels in front of the European Commission building. It was headed by one of its leaders, Barrister Abdul Majeed Tramboo, and its agenda cited Kosovo's independence, demanding equal treatment and commensurate application of the same solution by the EU in the Kashmir dispute involving India, Pakistan and China. Protesters included EU Parliament members, students and various NGO constituents and representatives.
Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (Crimea in Ukraine)	Mustafa Cemilev, the Chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People declared that he supported the right of self-determination for every nation, including Kosovo. He also added that the Crimean Tatars will not start a secession process from Ukraine if their rights are respected. Cemilev stated that he believes the motive for the Kosovars to declare independence was the anti-Albanian situation in Kosovo.

International non-governmental organisations

International organisation	Position
European Broadcasting Union (EBU)	Radio Television of Kosovo (RTK) is not an active member of the EBU and therefore they cannot participate in the Eurovision Song Contest and sister projects. However, there is a cooperation agreement between RTK and the EBU and they were allowed to participate in the Eurovision Young Dancers 2011 competition. On 30 March 2012 during a meeting in Geneva between the Deputy Foreign Minister of Kosovo Petrit Selimi and Ingrid Delterne, Executive Director of the EBU, Delterne expressed readiness for Kosovo's membership in the ITU.
International Olympic Committee	An Olympic Committee of Kosovo has been in existence since 1992, which is not recognised by the IOC. On 17 February 2008, the president of the IOC's commission of international relations announced that the IOC is set to recognise Kosovo. A day later, an IOC spokeswoman specified the requirements that Kosovo needs to meet before being recognised by the IOC, most notably it has to be recognised by the UN as independent. In the run-up to the London 2012 Olympic Games it was reported that Kosovo would be eligible to gain membership of the IOC if the Kosovo Sports Federation was recognised by five international sports federations. If membership is not attained, Kosovars may be able to compete as independent athletes.
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO)	The Hague-based Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, whose membership comprises 69 entities seeking self-determination and representation, of which Kosovo (listed as Kosova) is one, issued a statement on 18 February 2008: "for regions in similar conditions, Kosova's independence represents new hope for the future of their own potential statehood". In the days that followed, several African UNPO members expressed their own individual secession-minded reactions to Kosovo's independence.
Norwegian Nobel Committee	After former President of Finland Martti Ahtisaari received the 2008 Nobel Peace Prize "for his important efforts... to resolve international conflicts", including his work in Kosovo as a UN special envoy, the Norwegian Nobel Committee Secretary, who is also the Director of the Norwegian Nobel Institute, Professor Geir Lundestad, said that the committee believed "there is no alternative to an independent Kosovo".
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)	Kosovo is not a member of the governing structures for the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Independently of its ISO membership status, ISO will also potentially issue a standardised country code for Kosovo. According to rules of procedure followed by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency based in Geneva, a new ISO 3166-1 code for Kosovo will only be issued once it appears in the UN Terminology Bulletin Country Names or in the UN Statistics Division's list of Country and Region Codes for Statistical Use. To appear in the terminology bulletin, it must either (a) be admitted into the UN, (b) join a UN Specialised Agency or (c) become a state party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice. Criterion (b) was met when Kosovo joined the International Monetary Fund and World Bank; a terminology bulletin has yet to be circulated.
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)	ICANN, through its Country Code Names Supporting Organization, is responsible for adding new country code top-level domains (ccTLDs) for use in Internet addressing. Rules of procedure dictate Kosovo must first receive an ISO 3166-1 code (discussed above) before the ccTLD can be introduced; speculation has centred on ".ks" as the likeliest candidate.
International Road and Transport Union (IRU)	Kosovo officially became the 181st member of the IRU in May 2009.
International Bar Association (IBA)	Kosovo officially became a member of the IBA on 28 May 2009.

See also

• International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence
• List of states with limited recognition
• Membership of Kosovo in international sports federations
• Reactions to the International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence
• Belgrade–Pristina negotiations