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* [[Shailesh Matiyani]] (1931-2001)
* [[Shailesh Matiyani]] (1931-2001)
* [[Mohan Upreti]] (1925-1997)
* [[Mohan Upreti]] (1925-1997)
* [[Sher Singh Bisht]] reknowed as [['''Sher Da Anpad''']]
* Sher Singh Bisht reknowed as '''[[Sher Da Anpad]]'''
* Dev Singh Pokhariya
* Dev Singh Pokhariya
* Himanshu Joshi
* Himanshu Joshi

Revision as of 04:48, 27 April 2009

Kumaoni language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator

For the people of Kumaon see Kumauni People

Kumaoni
RegionKumaon
Native speakers
2,360,000 (1998)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3kfy

The Kumaoni are a people of the Kumaon Division of Uttarakhand, a region in the Indian Himalayas. Their Kumaoni language forms the Central subgroup of the Pahari languages.

Kumaoni is one of the 325 recognized Indian languages [2], and is spoken by over 2,360,000 (1998) people of Indian states of Uttarakhand - Almora, Nainital, Pithoragarh, Bageshwar, Champawat, Rudrapur (Udhamsingh Nagar) districts; Assam; Bihar; Delhi; Madhya Pradesh; Maharashtra and Punjab, besides being spoken in some regions of Himachal Pradesh and Nepal [3].

Amongst its dialects, the Central Kumauni is spoken in Almora and northern Nainital, Northeastern Kumauni is in Pithoragarh, Southeastern Kumauni is in Southeastern Nainital, Western Kumauni is west of Almora and Nainital [3].

Dialects of Kumaon region

Almost all people who can speak and understand Kumaoni can speak and understand Hindi also. This is one of the dialects which is shrinking very rapidly and becoming out of fashion. Most of the educated people who live in cities hardly speak Kumaoni and in most cases parents still speak and understand Garhwali but their children cannot. In many cases children can understand it well but can not speak it. A very common scenario in Kumaon is that a person from older generation communicates to a young fellow from two generations younger in Kumaoni and he or she gets reply in Hindi. Middle generation communicates in both Kumaoni and Hindi. Although it is easy to write Kumaoni in Hindi (Devnagri) script, there is not much literature available in Kumaoni and whatever is available is not popular.

In all, there are 20 dialects spoken in the Kumaon region, including, Johari, Majh Kumaiya, Danpuriya, Askoti, Sirali, Soryali, Chaugarkhyali, Kumaiya, Gangola, Khasparjia, Phaldakoti, Pachhai, and Rauchaubhaisi [4]. [1]

Dialects of Kumaoni Language

  • Central Pahari
    • Kali Kumaon, Central Kumaoni [1]
    • North-Eastern Kumaoni
    • South-Eastern Kumaoni
    • Western Kumaoni
    • Askoti of Askot
    • Bhabhri of Rampur [2]
    • Chaugarkhiyali of Chaugarkha
    • Danpuriya of Danpur
    • Gangoli of Ganai-Gangoli
    • Johari of Malla and Talla Johar
    • Khasparjiya of Almora
    • Kumaiyya
    • Pachhai of Pali-Pachhhau
    • Pashchimi
    • Phaldakotiya of Phaldkot
    • Rhau-Chaubyansi Upper Himalayan Byans and Rau Valleys
    • Sirali of Sirakot
    • Soriyali of Sor Valley (Pithoragarh)
    • Baitada of Baitadi, Darchula and parts of Bajhang District in Nepal
    • Dotiyali of Doti division in Nepal
  • Tibeto-Burman (NOT a dialect of Kumaoni; these non-Indo-European languages, which are indeed spoken in Kumaon, are actually part of a sub-group within the Sino-Tibetan language family, q.v.)

Spoken in Upper Reaches of Kumaon Himalayas.

Kumaoni literature

Kumaoni language has had many note worthy writers, prominent among them are

Kumaoni in Media

Films

  • 'Megha Aa', (First Kumaoni Film) [5]. Director Kaka Sharma, Produced S S Bisht, 1987 [6]
  • 'Teri Saun', (First film both in Kumaoni and Garhwali) [7], written, produced, and directed by Anuj Joshi [8], 2003.
  • 'Aapun Biraan' (Apne Paraye) by Shri Kartikey Cine Productions. Produced By Bhaskar Singh Rawat. 2007. Cell No. -> 9412044393.
  • 'Madhuli' by Anamika Film, 2008 [9].

Theatre

Kumaoni theatre which developed through its 'Ramleela' plays[10], later evolved into a modern theatre form with the efforts of theatre stalwarts like Mohan Upreti and Dinesh Pandey, and groups like 'Parvatiya Kala Kendra' (started by Mohan Upreti) and 'Parvatiya Lok Kala Manch'.

Music

Kumaoni folk music had its root in the lap of nature. The pure and blessed music have the feel and the touch of nature and subjects related to nature. The folk music primarily is related to the various festivals, religious traditions, folk stories and simple life of the people of Kumaon. Thus the songs of Kumaoni are a true reflection of the Cultural Heritage and the way people lives their lives in the Himalayas.

There are many kinds of folk songs from the area, including ceremonial mandals, martial panwaras and melancholy khuded, thadya and jhoda.

Musical instruments used in Kumaon music include the dhol, damoun, turri, ransingha, dholki, daur, thali, bhankora and masakbhaja. Tabla and harmonium are also used, but to a lesser extent.

The Music and its development have seen various phases of growth and have undergone lots of transformation during the course of time.

The earliest of the singers who left never ending impressions on the folk music of Kumaon were :

1.The most famous personality associated with Kumaoni Folk Music is Mohan Upreti, who is known for his Nanda Devi Jagar & Rajula Malu Shahi Ballad.

He is famous for the great Kumaoni song Bedu Pako Baro Masa which for many years the identity of the hills of Uttarakahand. It is said this song was also a favourite of Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru who heard it in a band march as this song is also apopular marching song.

2. Shri Gopal Babu Goswami who is considered to be a legend in Kumaon for his melodious voice.

His songs on the life of the members of the armed forces and their families like Kaile baje muruli , Ghughuti na basa and many others are legendary, it is said that when these songs were transmitted on All India Radio women with their husbands could not help but weep when they heard the soul touching voice of Gopal Da as he was lovingly called.

3. Heera Singh Rana is identified as a singer and asocial activist whose songs tell the tale of the pain of the people of the hills .

Some of the hit songs / albums being Fauji Lalit Mohan Joshi's "Maya Ki Yaad", "Tak Taka Kamla" and many other hit albums / songs

Radio

  • Trans World Radio (USA) - 7320 Hz (Shortwave) [11]

Further reading

  • Devidatta Sarma; Linguistic geography of Kumaun Himalayas: A descriptive areal distribution of Kumauni language (Studies in Tibeto-Himalayan languages). Mittal Publications; 1994. ISBN 8170995299.
  • Devidatta Sarma; The formation of Kumauni language (SILL : series in Indian languages and linguistics). Bahri Publications; 1985. ISBN 8170340055.

References

  1. ^ a b Kumaoni Language Indian languages at indianetzone.
  2. ^ INDIA LANGUAGES Indian Languages at hindikids.
  3. ^ a b KUMAUNI: a language of India Ethonologue Report of Language code.
  4. ^ Kumaoni Language 'G.A. Grierson', Dialects of Kumaon at paharishabdkosh.
  5. ^ Kumaoni Cinema Pahari Shabdkosh.
  6. ^ First Kumaoni Film Bollywood Sargam.
  7. ^ The Times of IndiaTeri Saun, 10 May 2003.
  8. ^ Film set in 1994 Uttarakhand Movement Nandadevi Campaign.
  9. ^ MaduhliKumaoni Films at uttarakhandandbeyond.
  10. ^ Indian Traditions Theatre at iloveindia.
  11. ^ Shortwave Language lists KUM Kumaoni/Kumauni.

See also

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