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On July 29, 2013, Nvidia announced that they acquired [[The Portland Group|PGI]] from STMicroelectronics.{{cn|date=May 2017}}
On July 29, 2013, Nvidia announced that they acquired [[The Portland Group|PGI]] from STMicroelectronics.{{cn|date=May 2017}}


On May 6, 2016, Nvidia unveiled the first [[GeForce 10 series]] GPUs, the GTX 1080 and 1070, based on the company's new [[Pascal microarchitecture]]. Nvidia claimed that both models outperformed its [[Maxwell (microarchitecture)|Maxwell]]-based Titan X model; the models incorporate [[GDDR5]]X and GDDR5 memory respectively, and use a 16&nbsp;mm manufacturing process. The architecture also supports a new hardware feature known as simultaneous multi-projection (SMP), which is designed to improve the quality of multi-monitor and [[virtual reality]] rendering.<ref name="verge-1080unveil">{{cite web|title=Nvidia's new graphics cards are a big deal|url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2016/5/7/11615806/nvidia-gtx-1080-1070-pascal-specs-price-release-date|website=The Verge|accessdate=26 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/05/nvidia-gtx-1080-1070-pascal-specs-pricing-revealed/ |title=Nvidia’s GTX 1080 and GTX 1070 revealed: Faster than Titan X at half the price |author=Mark Walton |date=May 7, 2016 |website=Ars Technica}}</ref><ref>
On May 6, 2016, Nvidia unveiled the first [[GeForce 10 series]] GPUs, the GTX 1080 and 1070, based on the company's new [[Pascal microarchitecture]]. Nvidia claimed that both models outperformed its [[Maxwell (microarchitecture)|Maxwell]]-based Titan X model; the models incorporate [[GDDR5]]X and GDDR5 memory respectively, and use a 16&nbsp;nm manufacturing process. The architecture also supports a new hardware feature known as simultaneous multi-projection (SMP), which is designed to improve the quality of multi-monitor and [[virtual reality]] rendering.<ref name="verge-1080unveil">{{cite web|title=Nvidia's new graphics cards are a big deal|url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2016/5/7/11615806/nvidia-gtx-1080-1070-pascal-specs-price-release-date|website=The Verge|accessdate=26 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/05/nvidia-gtx-1080-1070-pascal-specs-pricing-revealed/ |title=Nvidia’s GTX 1080 and GTX 1070 revealed: Faster than Titan X at half the price |author=Mark Walton |date=May 7, 2016 |website=Ars Technica}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/228100-nvidias-ansel-vr-funhouse-apps-will-enhance-screenshots-showcase-companys-vr-technology |title=Nvidia’s Ansel, VR Funhouse apps will enhance screenshots, showcase company’s VR technology |author=Joel Hruska |date=May 10, 2016 |website=ExtremeTech}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/228100-nvidias-ansel-vr-funhouse-apps-will-enhance-screenshots-showcase-companys-vr-technology |title=Nvidia’s Ansel, VR Funhouse apps will enhance screenshots, showcase company’s VR technology |author=Joel Hruska |date=May 10, 2016 |website=ExtremeTech}}</ref>


Revision as of 00:10, 2 June 2017

37°22′14.62″N 121°57′49.46″W / 37.3707278°N 121.9637389°W / 37.3707278; -121.9637389

Nvidia Corporation
Company typePublic
Industry
FoundedApril 1993; 31 years ago (1993-04)
Founder
HeadquartersSanta Clara, California, U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
RevenueIncrease US$6.91 billion (2016) [1]
Increase US$4.28 billion (2016) [1]
Increase US$1.67 billion (2016) [1]
Total assetsIncrease US$9.84 billion (2016) [1]
Total equityIncrease US$5.76 billion (2016) [1]
OwnerJen-Hsun Huang (4%)[2]
Number of employees
10,000 (January 2017)[3]
SubsidiariesNVIDIA Advanced Rendering Center
Websitewww.nvidia.com
developer.nvidia.com

Nvidia Corporation (/ɪnˈvɪdiə/ in-VID-eeə)[4] (most commonly referred to as Nvidia, stylized as NVIDIA, nVIDIA or nvidia) is an American technology company based in Santa Clara, California. It designs graphics processing units (GPUs) for the gaming and professional markets, as well as system on a chip units (SOCs) for the mobile computing and automotive market. Its primary GPU product line, labeled "GeForce", is in direct competition with Advanced Micro Devices' (AMD) "Radeon" products. Nvidia expanded its presence in the gaming industry with its handheld SHIELD Portable, SHIELD Tablet and SHIELD Android TV.

Since 2014, Nvidia has shifted to become a platform company focused on four markets – gaming, professional visualization, data centers and auto.

In addition to GPU manufacturing, Nvidia provides parallel processing capabilities to researchers and scientists that allow them to efficiently run high-performance applications. They are deployed in supercomputing sites around the world.[5][6] More recently, It has moved into the mobile computing market, where it produces Tegra mobile processors for smartphones and tablets as well as vehicle navigation and entertainment systems.[7][8][9] In addition to AMD, its competitors include Intel, Qualcomm and ARM (e.g., because of Denver, while Nvidia also licenses ARM's designs).

Nvidia is now focused on artificial intelligence.[10]

Company history

The name of the company comes from Invidia in Roman mythology who corresponds to Nemesis.[11]

Founders and initial investment

Three people co-founded Nvidia in April 1993:[12][13]

The founders received venture capital funding from Sequoia Capital.[14]

Major releases and acquisitions

RIVA TNT in 1998 solidified Nvidia's reputation for capable hardware.

Autumn 1999 saw the release of the GeForce (NV10), most notably introducing on-board transformation and lighting (T&L) to consumer-level 3D hardware. Running at 120 MHz and featuring four pixel pipelines, it implemented advanced video acceleration, motion compensation and hardware sub-picture alpha blending. The GeForce outperformed existing products by a wide margin.

Due to the success of its products, Nvidia won the contract to develop the graphics hardware for Microsoft's Xbox game console, which earned Nvidia a $200 million advance. However, the project drew the time of many of its best engineers away from other projects. In the short term this did not matter, and the GeForce2 GTS shipped in the summer of 2000.

In December 2000, Nvidia reached an agreement to acquire the intellectual assets of its one-time rival 3dfx, a pioneer in consumer 3D graphics technology leading the field from mid 1990s until 2000.[15][16] The acquisition process was finalized in April 2002.[17]

In July 2002, Nvidia acquired Exluna for an undisclosed sum. Exluna made software rendering tools and the personnel were merged into the Cg project.[18]

In August 2003, Nvidia acquired MediaQ for approximately US$70 million.[19]

On April 22, 2004, Nvidia acquired iReady, also a provider of high performance TCP/IP and iSCSI offload solutions.[20]

In December 2004, it was announced that Nvidia would assist Sony with the design of the graphics processor (RSX) in the PlayStation 3 game console. In March 2006, it emerged that Nvidia would deliver RSX to Sony as an IP core, and that Sony alone would organize the manufacture of the RSX. Under the agreement, Nvidia would provide ongoing support to port the RSX to Sony's fabs of choice (Sony and Toshiba), as well as die shrinks to 65 nm. This practice contrasted with its business arrangement with Microsoft, in which Nvidia managed production and delivery of the Xbox GPU through its usual third-party foundry contracts. Meanwhile, in May 2005 Microsoft chose to license a design by ATI and to make its own manufacturing arrangements for the Xbox 360 graphics hardware, as had Nintendo for the Wii console (which succeeded the ATI-based Nintendo GameCube).[21]

On December 14, 2005, Nvidia acquired ULI Electronics, which at the time supplied third-party southbridge parts for chipsets to ATI, Nvidia's competitor.[22]

In March 2006, Nvidia acquired Hybrid Graphics.[23]

In December 2006, Nvidia, along with its main rival in the graphics industry AMD (which had acquired ATI), received subpoenas from the U.S. Department of Justice regarding possible antitrust violations in the graphics card industry.[24]

Forbes magazine named Nvidia its Company of the Year for 2007, citing the accomplishments it made during the said period as well as during the previous 5 years.[25]

On January 5, 2007, Nvidia announced that it had completed the acquisition of PortalPlayer, Inc.[26]

In February 2008, Nvidia acquired Ageia, developer of the PhysX physics engine and physics processing unit. Nvidia announced that it planned to integrate the PhysX technology into its future GPU products.[27][28]

In July 2008, Nvidia took a write-down of approximately $200 million on its first-quarter revenue, after reporting that certain mobile chipsets and GPUs produced by the company had "abnormal failure rates" due to manufacturing defects. Nvidia, however, did not reveal the affected products. In September 2008, Nvidia became the subject of a class action lawsuit over the defects, claiming that the faulty GPUs had been incorporated into certain laptop models manufactured by Apple Inc., Dell, and HP. In September 2010, Nvidia reached a settlement, in which it would reimburse owners of the affected laptops for repairs or, in some cases, replacement.[29][30]

On January 10, 2011, Nvidia signed a six-year, $1.5 billion cross-licensing agreement with Intel, ending all litigation between the two companies.[31]

O==In November 2011, after initially unveiling it at Mobile World Congress, Nvidia released its Tegra 3 ARM system-on-chip for mobile devices. Nvidia claimed that the chip featured the first-ever quad-core mobile CPU.[32][33]

In May 2011, it was announced that Nvidia had agreed to acquire Icera, a baseband chip making company in the UK, for $367 million.[34]

In January 2013, Nvidia unveiled the Tegra 4, as well as the Nvidia Shield, an Android-based handheld game console powered by the new system-on-chip.[35]

On July 29, 2013, Nvidia announced that they acquired PGI from STMicroelectronics.[citation needed]

On May 6, 2016, Nvidia unveiled the first GeForce 10 series GPUs, the GTX 1080 and 1070, based on the company's new Pascal microarchitecture. Nvidia claimed that both models outperformed its Maxwell-based Titan X model; the models incorporate GDDR5X and GDDR5 memory respectively, and use a 16 nm manufacturing process. The architecture also supports a new hardware feature known as simultaneous multi-projection (SMP), which is designed to improve the quality of multi-monitor and virtual reality rendering.[36][37][38]

In July 2016, Nvidia agreed to a settlement for a false advertising lawsuit regarding its GTX 970 model, as the models were unable to use all of their advertised 4 GB of RAM due to limitations brought by the design of its hardware.[39]

GPU Technology Conference

The GPU Technology Conference is an annual technical conference started by Nvidia in 2009 which focuses on using the GPU to solve computing challenges.[40] In 2015, the conference attracted over 4000 attendees.[41]

Product families

The Nvidia GTX 1070 video card, which uses a 16 nm Pascal chip and was first released in June 2016.

Nvidia's family includes primarily graphics, wireless communication, PC processors and automotive hardware/software. Some families are listed below:

  • GeForce, consumer-oriented graphics processing products
  • Quadro computer-aided design and digital content creation workstation graphics processing products
  • NVS, multi-display business graphics solution
  • Tegra, a system on a chip series for mobile devices
  • Tesla, dedicated general purpose GPU for high-end image generation applications in professional and scientific fields
  • nForce, a motherboard chipset created by Nvidia for Intel (Celeron, Pentium and Core 2) and AMD (Athlon and Duron) microprocessors
  • Nvidia Grid, a set of hardware and services by Nvidia for graphics virtualization
  • Nvidia Shield, a range of gaming hardware including the Shield Portable, Shield Tablet and, most recently, the Shield Android TV
  • Nvidia Drive automotive solutions, a range of hardware and software products for assisting car drivers. The Drive PX-series is a high performance computer platform aimed at autonomous driving through deep learning,[42] while Driveworks is an operating system for driverless cars.[43]

Open-source software support

See also: Free and open-source device drivers: graphics, Mesa 3D, and nouveau (software)

Until September 23, 2013, Nvidia had not published any documentation for its hardware,[44] meaning that programmers could not write appropriate and effective free and open-source device driver for its products without resorting to (clean room) reverse engineering.

Instead, Nvidia provides its own binary GeForce graphics drivers for X.Org and a thin open-source library that interfaces with the Linux, FreeBSD or Solaris kernels and the proprietary graphics software. Nvidia also provided but stopped supporting an obfuscated open-source driver that only supports two-dimensional hardware acceleration and ships with the X.Org distribution.[45]

The proprietary nature of Nvidia's drivers has generated dissatisfaction within free-software communities.[46] Some Linux and BSD users insist on using only open-source drivers, and regard Nvidia's insistence on providing nothing more than a binary-only driver as wholly inadequate, given that competing manufacturers (like Intel) offer support and documentation for open-source developers, and that others (like AMD) release partial documentation and provide some active development.[47][48]

Because of the closed nature of the drivers, Nvidia video cards cannot deliver adequate features on some platforms and architectures given that it only provides x86/x64 driver builds.[49] As a result, support for 3D graphics acceleration in Linux on PowerPC does not exist, nor does support for Linux on the hypervisor-restricted PlayStation 3 console.

Some users claim that Nvidia's Linux drivers impose artificial restrictions, like limiting the number of monitors that can be used at the same time, but the company has not commented on these accusations.[50]

Deep learning

Nvidia GPUs are used in deep learning, artificial intelligence, and accelerated analytics. The company developed GPU-based deep learning in order to use artificial intelligence to approach problems like cancer detection, weather prediction, and self-driving vehicles.[51] They are included in all Tesla vehicles.[52] The purpose is to help networks learn to “think”.[53] According to TechRepublic, Nvidia GPUs “work well for deep learning tasks because they are designed for parallel computing, and do well to handle the vector and matrix operations that are prevalent in deep learning.”[54] These GPUs are used by researchers, laboratories, tech companies and enterprise companies.[55] In 2009, Nvidia was involved in what was called the “big bang” of deep learning, “as deep-learning neural networks were combined with Nvidia graphics processing units (GPUs).”[56] That year, the Google Brain used Nvidia GPUs to create Deep Neural Networks capable of machine learning, where Andrew Ng determined that GPUs could increase the speed of deep-learning systems by about 100 times.[57]

In April 2016 Nvidia produced the DGX-1 supercomputer based on an 8 GPU cluster, to improve the ability of users to use deep learning by combining GPUs with integrated deep learning software.[58] It also developed Nvidia Tesla K80 and P100 GPU-based virtual machines, which are available through Google Cloud, which Google installed in November 2016.[59] Microsoft added GPU servers in a preview offering of its N series based on Nvidia's Tesla K80s, each containing 4992 processing cores Later that year, AWS’s P2 instance was produced using up to 16 Nvidia Tesla K80 GPUs. That month Nvidia also partnered with IBM to create a software kit that boosts the AI capabilities of Watson,[60] called IBM PowerAI.[61][62] Nvidia also offers its own NVIDIA Deep Learning software development kit. [63] In 2017 the GPUs were also brought online at the RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project for Fujitsu.[64] The company’s deep learning technology led to a boost in its 2017 earnings.[65]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Financial Statements". Retrieved April 13, 2017.
  2. ^ Wang, Jennifer (August 26, 2016). "World Maker: Nvidia CEO A New Billionaire As Company Thrives On Graphic Chips For Video Games, AI". Forbes. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  3. ^ "About Nvidia brochure" (PDF). Nvidia. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  4. ^ Nvidia: The Way It's Meant To Be Played on YouTube
  5. ^ Clark, Don (August 4, 2011). "J.P. Morgan Shows Benefits from Chip Change". WSJ Digits Blog. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  6. ^ "Top500 Supercomputing Sites". Top500. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  7. ^ Burns, Chris. "2011 The Year of Nvidia dominating Android Superphones and tablets". SlashGear. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  8. ^ "Tegra Super Tablets". Nvidia. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  9. ^ "Tegra Super Phones". Nvidia. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  10. ^ Freund, Karl (November 17, 2016). "NVIDIA Is Not Just Accelerating AI, It Aims To Reshape Computing". Forbes. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  11. ^ "Nvidia, How The Company Got Its Name & Its Origins In Roman Mythology". Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  12. ^ "Company Info". Nvidia.com. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  13. ^ "Jen-Hsun Huang: Executive Profile & Biography - Businessweek". Bloomberg News. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
  14. ^ Williams, Elisa (April 15, 2002). "Crying wolf". Forbes. Retrieved February 11, 2017. Huang, a chip designer at AMD and LSI Logic, cofounded the company in 1993 with $20 million from Sequoia Capital and others.
  15. ^ Perez, Derek; Hara, Michael (December 15, 2000). "NVIDIA to Acquire 3dfx Core Graphics Assets" (Press release). Santa Clara, CA. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  16. ^ Leupp, Alex; Sellers, Scott (December 15, 2000). "3dfx Announces Three Major Initiatives To Protect Creditors and Maximize Shareholder Value" (Press release). San Jose, CA. Archived from the original on February 5, 2001. Retrieved January 23, 2017. Board of Directors Initiates Cost-Cutting Measures, Recommends to Shareholders Sale of Company Assets to NVIDIA Corporation for $112 million and Dissolution of Company {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ Kanellos, Michael (April 11, 2002). "NNvidia buys out 3dfx graphics chip business". CNET. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  18. ^ Becker, David. "Nvidia buys out Exluna". News.cnet.com. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
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  20. ^ "NVIDIA Announces Acquisition of iReady". Press Release. NVIDIA Corporation. April 22, 2004. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  21. ^ Wasson, Scott (May 19, 2005). "Details of ATI's Xbox 360 GPU unveiled". The Tech Report PC Hardware Explored. The Tech Report. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
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  25. ^ Brian Caulfield (January 7, 2008). "Shoot to Kill". Forbes. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
  26. ^ "Nvidia acquires PortalPlayer". Press Release. NVIDIA Corporation. January 5, 2007. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  27. ^ "Nvidia to acquire Ageia for the PhysX chip". CNET. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  28. ^ "Did NVIDIA cripple its CPU gaming physics library to spite Intel?". Ars Technica. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  29. ^ "Nvidia GPU Class-Action Settlement Offers Repairs, New Laptops". PC Magazine. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  30. ^ "Update: Nvidia Says Older Mobile GPUs, Chipsets Failing". ExtremeTech. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  31. ^ "Intel agrees to pay NVIDIA $1.5b in patent license fees, signs cross-license". Engadget. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
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  33. ^ "Nvidia Quad Core Mobile Processors Coming in August". PC World. Retrieved February 15, 2011.
  34. ^ "Cambridge coup as Icera goes to Nvidia for £225m". Business Weekly. May 9, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  35. ^ "Nvidia announces Project Shield handheld gaming system with 5-inch multitouch display, available in Q2 of this year". The Verge. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  36. ^ "Nvidia's new graphics cards are a big deal". The Verge. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  37. ^ Mark Walton (May 7, 2016). "Nvidia's GTX 1080 and GTX 1070 revealed: Faster than Titan X at half the price". Ars Technica.
  38. ^ Joel Hruska (May 10, 2016). "Nvidia's Ansel, VR Funhouse apps will enhance screenshots, showcase company's VR technology". ExtremeTech.
  39. ^ Smith, Ryan. "Update: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 Settlement Claims Website Now Open". Anandtech. Purch, Inc. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
  40. ^ "NVIDIA to host the first GPU Technology Conference". Kronos Group. May 26, 2009.
  41. ^ "NVIDIA Announces Financial Results for First Quarter Fiscal 2016". Market Watch. May 7, 2015.
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  43. ^ "Nvidia unveils driverless car OS and partnership with TomTom". September 29, 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
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  51. ^ Jr, Berkeley Lovelace (February 10, 2017). "Cramer on AI: 'This is the replacement of us. We don't need us with Nvidia'".
  52. ^ Markman, Jon. "Deep Learning, Cloud Power Nvidia".
  53. ^ Strategy, Moor Insights and. "A Machine Learning Landscape: Where AMD, Intel, NVIDIA, Qualcomm And Xilinx AI Engines Live".
  54. ^ "Google Cloud adds NVIDIA Tesla K80 GPU support to boost deep learning performance - TechRepublic".
  55. ^ "Intel, Nvidia Trade Shots Over AI, Deep Learning".
  56. ^ "Nvidia CEO bets big on deep learning and VR". April 5, 2016.
  57. ^ "From not working to neural networking".
  58. ^ Coldewey, Devin. "NVIDIA announces a supercomputer aimed at deep learning and AI".
  59. ^ 21:07, 21 Feb 2017 at; tweet_btn(), Shaun Nichols. "Google rents out Nvidia Tesla GPUs in its cloud. If you ask nicely, that'll be 70 cents an hour, bud". {{cite web}}: |last1= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  60. ^ "IBM, NVIDIA partner for 'fastest deep learning enterprise solution' in the world - TechRepublic".
  61. ^ "IBM and Nvidia team up to create deep learning hardware". November 14, 2016.
  62. ^ "IBM and Nvidia make deep learning easy for AI service creators with a new bundle". November 15, 2016.
  63. ^ "Facebook 'Big Basin' AI Compute Platform Adopts NVIDIA Tesla P100 For Next Gen Data Centers".
  64. ^ "Nvidia to Power Fujitsu's New Deep Learning System at RIKEN - insideHPC". March 5, 2017.
  65. ^ Tilley, Aaron. "Nvidia Beats Earnings Estimates As Its Artificial Intelligence Business Keeps On Booming".
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