Chattanooga, Tennessee
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Chattanooga, Tennessee | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nickname(s): Scenic City (official), River City | |
 Location within the U.S. State of Tennessee | |
| Cities in Tennessee | Tennessee |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ron Littlefield |
| Population (2000) | |
• City | 155,554 (city proper) |
| • Metro | 476,531 |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Website | http://www.chattanooga.gov |
Chattanooga is the fourth-largest city in Tennessee (after Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville), and the seat of Hamilton CountyTemplate:GR, in the United States of America. It is located in southeast Tennessee on Chickamauga and Nickajack Lake, which are both part of the Tennessee River, near the border of Georgia, and at the junction of three interstate highways, I-24, I-75, and I-59.
The city, which lies at the transition between the ridge-and-valley portion of the Appalachian Mountains and the Cumberland Plateau, is surrounded by ridges.
History
The first inhabitants of the Chattanooga area were Native American Indians with sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period, showing continuous occupation through the Archaic, Woodland, Mississippian (900-1650 ce), Muskogean and Cherokee (1776 - 1838 ce) periods. The name 'Chattanooga' is based on the Muskogean term for rock, cvto (chatta), and may refer to Lookout Mountain which, when viewed from Moccasin Bend, appears as a "rock rising to a point."
The earliest Cherokee occupation dates from Dragging Canoe who, in 1776, separated himself and moved downriver from the main tribe to establish Native American resistance (see Chickamauga Wars) to European settlement in the southeastern United States. Occupation of the area by members of the Cherokee Nation dates from 1816 with the establishment of Ross's Landing by later tribal chief John Ross, and ended with the forced relocation of Native American Indians from the southeast U.S. to Oklahoma in 1838. Ross's Landing was one of three large internment camps, or "emigration depots" during the Trail of Tears; the other two being Fort Payne, Alabama and the largest at Fort Cass, Tennessee.
The city is known for the 1941 big-band swing song "Chattanooga Choo Choo" by Glenn Miller, but it has grown significantly since its days as a railroad hub and industrial center. Bessie Smith, a famous blues singer, was also born in Chattanooga
During the American Civil War on November 23, 1863, the Third Battle of Chattanooga began when Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforced troops at Chattanooga and counterattacked Confederate troops. The next day, the Battle of Lookout Mountain was fought near the town. These were followed the next spring by the Atlanta Campaign, beginning just over the nearby state line in Georgia and moving southeastward.
After the war ended, the city became a major manufacturing center, and by the 1930s was known as the "Dynamo of Dixie." But the same mountains that provided Chattanooga's scenic backdrop became shrouded by the industrial pollutants that they trapped and held over the community. In 1969, the federal government declared that Chattanooga's air was the dirtiest in the nation. But environmental crises were not the only problems plaguing the city. Chattanooga entered the 1980s with serious socioeconomic challenges including job layoffs, a deteriorating city infrastructure, racial tensions and social division.
In recent years, private and governmental resources have been invested in transforming the city's tarnished image and to gain recognition for a metamorphosis of its downtown and riverfront areas. An early cornerstone of this project was the restoration of the historic Walnut Street Bridge. The Walnut Street Bridge is the oldest surviving bridge of its kind in the Southeastern United States. Efforts to improve the city include the "21st Century Waterfront Plan" - a $120 million redevelopment of the Chattanooga waterfront and downtown area
In 1935, as well as from 1993 to 1995, Chattanooga hosted the National Folk Festival.
Economy
The local economy includes a diversified mix of manufacturing and service industries, four colleges, and several preparatory schools.
Chattanooga is the corporate headquarters of Olan Mills, Double Cola, Harbor Master Boats, Krystal, Coker Tire, CBL & Associates, Chattem, Covenant Transport, Gordon Biersch Brewery Restaurant Group, U.S. Xpress, Inc, National Model Railroad Association, Unum (formerly UnumProvident), BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee, Coptix, The Chattanooga Bakery (home of the Moon pie), Litespeed, Tricycle Inc., Miller Industries, and Southern Champion Tray, LP. Chattanooga is also noted as the site of the first bottled Coca-Cola. Following the city's industrial decline, many businesses in the banking and insurance industries set up operations in Chattanooga. The city is home to large branch offices of Cigna, AT&T and UBS. Other major employers are Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), ALSTOM Power, Inc., Erlanger and T.C. Thompson's Children's Hospital, and the Hamilton County Board of Education.
In addition to corporate business interests, there are many retail shops in Chattanooga, both downtown and in the outlying neighborhoods. There are two shopping malls in the area: Northgate Mall in Hixson and Hamilton Place Mall in the eastern portion of the city. Warehouse Row, a large outlet mall, is downtown.
Utilities
Electric power for most of the city and surrounding area is provided by the city-run Electric Power Board. EPB also provides telephone and high-speed internet service to businesses in the downtown area. The TVA operates the nearby Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant, Chickamauga Dam and the Raccoon Mountain Pumped-Storage Plant all of which provide electricity to the greater Chattanooga area.
Natural gas and water are provided by the privately run Chattanooga Gas Company and Tennessee-American Water Company, respectively. In 2005 Mayor Ron Littlefield stated his desire for the City of Chattanooga to purchase the Tennessee-American Water Company,[1], which is being sold in a public offering in 2007.[2] Former Mayor Jon Kinsey during his term as Mayor attempted to have the City buy control, and was defeated in court.
Comcast is the cable provider for most areas of the city. The incumbent telephone company is BellSouth, formerly known as South Central Bell. However, competing phone companies, cellular phones and VoIP are beginning to make inroads. A major interstate fiber optics line operated by AT&T traverses the city, making its way from Atlanta to Cincinnati.
Politics, government, and law
The current mayor is Ron Littlefield, a long-time city councilman, who was elected in a run-off election in April 2005.
The city operates under a charter granted by the state legislature in 1852, as amended. As of 2005, the city operates with a strong mayor system.
The city is split up into nine districts, with a council member for each district selected in partisan elections. The current council members are Linda Bennett (District 1), Sally Robinson (District 2), Dan Page (District 3), Jack Benson (District 4), John "Duke" Franklin, Jr. (District 5), Marti Rutherford (District 6), Manuel "Manny" Rico (District 7), Leamon Pierce (District 8) and Debbie Gaines (District 9).
Chattanoogans elect a Mayor and all nine Council members on the first Tuesday in March of every fourth year. The next elections will be held on March 3 2009. To be elected, a candidate must receive a majority of the votes cast; if no candidate garners a majority, a run-off election is held between the two candidates that received the most votes. Runoff elections are held on the second Tuesday of April. New terms begin on the first Monday after the second Tuesday of April.
In April of each year the City Council elects a Chairman and Vice-Chair. For the 2005-2006 term, the Chairman is Sally Robinson and the Vice-Chairman is Leamon Pierce.
Within the last ten years the city has won 3 national awards for outstanding "livability", and 9 Gunther Blue Ribbon Awards for excellence in housing and consolidated planning.[citation needed]
See also List of Mayors of Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Education
Primary and secondary education
Most of Chattanooga's primary and secondary education is funded by the government. The public schools in Chattanooga (and Hamilton County) fall under the purview of the Hamilton County School System.
In addition, the city is home to several well-known private and parochial secondary schools, including Boyd-Buchanan School, Baylor School, Chattanooga Christian School, McCallie School , Girls Preparatory School, Grace Academy,[Our Lady of Perpetual Help Catholic School], and Notre Dame High School. Chattanooga is also home to Siskin Children's Institute.
One of the earliest schools in Chattanooga was Chattanooga Central High School. It was built in 1907, originally on Dodds Avenue, and has since then been relocated to Highway 58 in Harrison, Tennessee. [citation needed]
Howard was the first public school in the area and was established in 1865. Howard lends its name from General Oliver O. Howard who was commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau.[citation needed]
In 1990, the high schools of Tōno (Japan) and the Chattanooga School for the Arts & Sciences (CSAS) were paired by School Partners Abroad to establish an exchange program. Near the end of every Japanese school year (in April), a delegation of Tōno high-schoolers visits Chattanooga, and reciprocally, a delegation from CSAS visits Tono every summer. The City of Tono has embraced this exchange and a delegation of junior high school students now also visits CSAS and the Chattanooga School for the Liberal Arts a few weeks before the high schoolers. [citation needed]
Higher education
The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, which is also known locally as UTC, is the second largest campus of the University of Tennessee System. Boasting a student population of over 9002,[citation needed] UTC students, staff and faculty play a major part in contributing to the local economy. In addition to UTC, there are several other institutions of higher learning in Chattanooga. Several miles from UTC is Chattanooga State Technical Community College. Other institutions are the privately run Tennessee Temple University, Miller-Motte Technical College, and Virginia College School of Business and Health at Chattanooga. In addition, Covenant College and Southern Adventist University are located in the greater Chattanooga area.
Chattanooga is home to the Chattanooga Branch of the University of Tennessee College of Medicine, which provides medical education to medical students, residents, and other medical professionals in Southeast Tennessee through an affiliation with Erlanger Health System.
Public library
As the name implies, the Chattanooga-Hamilton County Bicentennial Library System has been jointly operated by the City and County governments since 1976. The city was gifted with a Carnegie library in 1904, and the two-story purpose-built marble structure survives to this day at Eighth Street and Georgia Avenue as commercial office space. In 1939, the library moved to Douglas Street and McCallie Avenue and shared the new building with the John Storrs Fletcher Library of the University of Chattanooga, now UT Chattanooga. This building is now called Fletcher Hall and houses classrooms and offices for the University. The city library was moved to its third and current location in 1976 at the corner of Tenth and Broad Streets.
Health care
Chattanooga's health care sector has three hospital systems. Erlanger Hospital is the area's primary trauma center. Erlanger has been operated by the Chattanooga-Hamilton County Hospital Authority since 1976. Erlanger Hospital also maintains satellite locations in Red Bank and East Brainerd. Erlanger is also affiliated with T.C. Thompson Children's Hospital.
Parkridge Hospital is located east of downtown in the Glenwood District and is run by Tri-Star Healthcare. Tri-Star also operates East Ridge Medical Center in nearby East Ridge.
Memorial Hospital is operated by Catholic Health Initiatives [1], and is located about a mile north of Parkridge Medical Center (see above). Memorial also has a second campus in the northern suburb of Hixson. In 2004, Memorial was named one of the Top 100 Teaching Hospitals by Solucient Top Hospitals.[3]
Culture and Tourism
Museums
Chattanooga is the home to the Hunter Museum of American Art, a well known art museum. As birthplace of the tow truck, Chattanooga is now home to the International Towing and Recovery Hall of Fame and Museum, as well as another transportation icon at the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum, the largest operating historic railroad in the south. Other notable museums include the Chattanooga Regional History Museum, the National Medal of Honor Museum, the Houston Museum, and the Chattanooga African American Museum.
Arts & Literature
Chattanooga is home to the Chattanooga Symphony & Opera which is currently led by Musical Director & Conductor Robert Bernhardt and holds its performances at the Tivoli Theatre.
The Chattanooga Theatre Centre offers fifteen productions each year in three separate theatre programs: the Mainstage, the Circle Theater, and the Youth Theater.
Chattanooga is host to the biennial Conference on Southern Literature, sponsored by the Arts & Education Council of Chattanooga and the Fellowship of Southern Writers.
In 2007 Chattanooga was host to the American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA) State of Tennessee Ten Show. The local Chattanooga Chapter of the AIGA, AIGA50, plans and hosts design events throughout the years.
Tourist Attractions
Chattanooga has traditionally touted its tourist attractions, including the Tennessee Aquarium (a freshwater and, as of May 2005, a saltwater aquarium), caverns, and heavy development along and across the Tennessee River. In the downtown area are the Creative Discovery Museum (a hands-on children's museum dedicated to science, art, and music), an IMAX 3D Theatre, and the newly expanded Hunter Museum of American Art. The red-and-black painted "See Rock City" barns along highways in the Southeast are remnants of a now classic Americana tourism campaign to attract visitors to the Rock City tourist attraction in nearby Lookout Mountain, Georgia. The mountain is also home to Ruby Falls, Craven's House and the Lookout Mountain Incline Railway, a steep funicular railway which rises from historic St. Elmo to the top of the mountain to drop passengers off at the National Park Service's Point Park and The Battles for Chattanooga Museum (formerly known as Confederama), a quirky diorama that details, of course, the Battle of Chattanooga. From the military park, visitors can enjoy the panoramic views of Moccasin Bend and the Chattanooga skyline from the mountain's famous "point" or from vantage points along the well-designated trail system. Just outside Chattanooga, the Raccoon Mountain Resevoir, Raccoon Mountain Caverns and Reflection Riding Arboretum and Botanical Garden boast a number of outdoor and family fun opportunities, while the Ocoee River, host to a number of events from the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, features rafting, kayaking, camping and hiking. Back in Chattanooga, smaller tourist attractions include Lake Winnepesaukah amusement park, Chattanooga Zoo at Warner Park, Bonny Oaks Arboretum, Cherokee Arboretum at Audubon Acres and Cherokee Trail Arboretum.
Festivals
Chattanooga is also notable for the Riverbend Festival, an annual week-long music festival held in June in the downtown area that is known for drawing huge crowds from in and around the Tennessee Valley. One of the most popular events of the festival is the Bessie Smith Strut, a one night showcase of blues and jazz music named for the city's most noted blues singer. The annual "Southern Brewer's Festival" and the "River Roast" festival celebrate such traditional Southern staples as beer and barbeque, while new events, such as GoFest!, "Between the Bridges" wakeboard competition and Talespin seek new audiences. The Chattanooga Market [2] features events all year round as part of the Sunday at the Southside [3] calendar of events including an Oktoberfest in mid October. Nightfall has been bringing an eclectic mix of rock, blues, jazz, reggae, zydeco, funk, bluegrass and folk music to Downtown Chattanooga for the past 19 years. The free 17-week series is held in Miller Plaza on Friday evenings from Memorial Day weekend through the last Friday in September, with the exception of the two Fridays during Riverbend. The Back Row Film Series is a City Wide celebration of film that is cosponsored by the Hunter Museum of American Art, The Arts & Education Council (AEC) and the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC)
Sports
Chattanooga is the home of NCAA Division I-AA national football championship game, held at Max Finley Stadium, south of downtown. The city also hosts the national softball championships every year.
The Chattanooga Lookouts [4], a Class AA Southern League baseball team affiliated with the Cincinnati Reds, boast a loyal following and respectable participation in season-end playoffs. Games take center stage at the downtown AT&T Field; free evening parking is generally available on first-come, first served basis in local business parking lots.
Demographics
As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 155,554 people, 65,499 households, and 39,626 families residing in the city. The population density was 444.2/km² (1,150.5/mi²). There were 72,108 housing units at an average density of 205.9/km² (533.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 59.71% White, 36.06% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 1.54% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 1.01% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. 2.11% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 65,499 households out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 17.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.5% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the city the population was spread out with 22.4% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $32,006, and the median income for a family was $41,318. Males had a median income of $31,375 versus $23,267 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,689. About 14.0% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over.
Chattanooga's metropolitan statistical area, which includes Hamilton, Marion, and Sequatchie Counties in Tennessee and Catoosa, Dade, and Walker Counties in Georgia, had an estimated population of 496,704 in 2006. The Chattanooga-Cleveland-Athens Combined Statistical Area which also includes Bradley, Polk, and McMinn Counties in Tennessee had an estimated population of 658,201 in 2006.[4]
Geography and Climate
The city is located at latitude 35°4' North, longitude 85°15' West.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 370.8 km² (143.2 mi²). 350.2 km² (135.2 mi²) of it is land and 20.6 km² (8.0 mi²) of it (5.56%) is water.
The most prominent natural features in and around Chattanooga are the Tennessee River and the surrounding highlands. The city is nestled between the southwestern Ridge-and-valley Appalachians and the foot of Walden's Ridge; the river separates the ridge from the western side of downtown. Several miles east, the city is bisected by Missionary Ridge, which hosted an important battle of the American Civil War.
The Tennessee River is impounded by the TVA's Chickamauga Dam north of the downtown area. Five automobile bridges, one railroad trestle, and one pedestrian bridge cross the river.
Transport is served by Interstate 75 to Atlanta and Knoxville, Interstate 24 to Nashville, and Interstate 59 to Birmingham. Chattanooga and the surrounding area is served by Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport. Rail freight is offered by CSX and Norfolk Southern.
Neighborhoods of Chattanooga
In addition to the restoration of downtown, many of Chattanooga's neighborhoods have experienced a rebirth of their own. Chattanooga has many buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, including three neighborhoods: Fort Wood, Ferger Place, and St. Elmo.
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Important suburbs
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Climate
| Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures | ||||||||||||
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rec High °F | 78 | 79 | 87 | 93 | 99 | 104 | 106 | 105 | 102 | 94 | 84 | 78 |
| Norm High °F | 48.8 | 54.1 | 62.8 | 72.1 | 79.1 | 86.2 | 89.8 | 88.7 | 82.5 | 72.3 | 61.1 | 52 |
| Norm Low °F | 29.9 | 32.6 | 40 | 47 | 56.2 | 64.6 | 69.4 | 68.3 | 61.7 | 48.5 | 39.5 | 32.7 |
| Rec Low °F | -10 | 1 | 8 | 25 | 34 | 41 | 51 | 50 | 36 | 22 | 4 | -2 |
| Precip (in) | 5.4 | 4.85 | 6.19 | 4.23 | 4.28 | 3.99 | 4.73 | 3.59 | 4.31 | 3.26 | 4.88 | 4.81 |
| Source: USTravelWeather.com [6] | ||||||||||||
Transportation
Sometimes considered to be a "gateway" to the Deep South, Chattanooga's transportation infrastructure has developed into a complex and intricate system of railroads, streets, airports and waterways.
Principal highways
- I-24
- I-75
- US-27 North (formerly I-124)
- State Route 153
See also List of Tennessee state highways
Major surface routes
- Brainerd Road/Lee Highway (U.S. 11)
- Broad Street
- Cummings Highway (US 41)
- Dayton Blvd. (U.S. 27 North, business route)
- Hixson Pike
- Main Street (U.S. 76)
- McCallie Avenue (U.S. 64)
- Rossville Boulevard (U.S. 27 South)
- Signal Mountain Road (U.S. 127/Corridor J)
Other major streets
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Tunnels
- Bachmann Tubes, which carry Ringgold Road into the neighboring city of East Ridge.
- Missionary Ridge Tunnels (also unofficially known as McCallie Tunnels), which carry McCallie and Bailey Avenues through Missionary Ridge where the route continues as Brainerd Road.
- Stringer's Ridge Tunnel, which carries Cherokee Boulevard through Stringer's Ridge where the route continues as Dayton Boulevard.
- Wilcox Tunnel, which carries Wilcox Boulevard through Missionary Ridge and connects to Shallowford Road.
Public transit
The city is served by a publicly run bus company, the Chattanooga Area Regional Transportation Authority. CARTA operates 17 routes, including a free electric shuttle service in the downtown area.
Railroad lines
Despite a new emphasis on the technology and service sectors, Chattanooga maintains ties to the past and still serves as a major freight hub with Norfolk Southern (NS) and CSX running trains on their own (and each other's) lines. The Norfolk Southern Railway's enormous DeButts Yard is just east of downtown, Shipp's Yard and CSX's Wauhatchie Yard are southwest of the city. Indeed, the two railroad companies are among the largest individual landowners in the city (the Federal Government is another). The Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum, the largest historic operating railroad in the South, and the Chattooga and Chickamauga Railway also provides railroad service in Chattanooga.
Since both NS and CSX both run through Chattanooga, here are the lines that run through the town (the AAR codes are used for the following railroads: NS for Norfolk Southern, CSXT for CSX Transportation, TNVR for Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum, and CCKY for Chattooga and Chickamauga Railway):
- CSXT - Western & Atlantic Subdivision (Chattanooga to Atlanta, Georgia)
- Chattanooga Subdivision (Chattanooga to Nashville, Tennessee on former NC&StL trackage)
- NS - CNO&TP, aka the Queen and Crescent Route (Chattanooga to Cincinnati, Ohio)
- Alabama Great Southern (Chattanooga to New Orleans, Louisiana)
- Georgia Division (Chattanooga to Atlanta)
- Tennessee Division (Chattanooga to Knoxville, Tennessee)
- Chattanooga Traction Company
- North Chattanooga to Signal Mountain
- Dry Valley Line (Red Bank to Lupton City)
- TNVR - East Chattanooga to Grand Junction (3 miles)
- East Chattanooga Belt Line Railroad (from Debutts Yard and 17th Street, across to Holtzclaw Avenue and East Chattanooga, used by TNVR)
- CCKY - formerly the Tennessee Alabama & Georgia line (Chattanooga to Hedges, Georgia)
- formerly the Central of Georgia line (Chattanooga to Lyerly, Georgia)
Also, the Incline Railway, as well as being a tourist attraction, is sometimes used for commuting by Lookout Mountain residents, particularly during wintry weather, when travelling up and down the mountain could be very dangerous.
Bridges
Being bisected by a major waterway, Chattanooga has several large bridges over the Tennessee River, they are from west to east:
- P.R. Olgiati Bridge – Named for a former mayor P.R. Olgiati, this bridge carries "27" from downtown to Dayton, Tennessee and points northward.
- Market Street Bridge (Chief John Ross Bridge) - Named for John Ross; often misidentified as a drawbridge, it is actually a type of bascule span which was completed in 1917 for the then-astronomical sum of USD$1,000,000. Having stood for decades since its last major overhaul, the Tennessee Department of Transportation declared it unsafe in late 2004. The bridge was closed to traffic in September 2005 for a much-needed restoration and is expected to reopen ahead of the estimated September 2007 completion date, possibly as early as July 1. [5]
- Walnut Street Bridge – Also known as "The Walking Bridge", it is one of the centerpieces of Chattanooga's urban renewal, and is the second-longest pedestrian bridge in the nation. At over 115 years old, this bridge was on the verge of being demolished but was restored as a pedestrian-only span in the late 1980s after a decade of disuse and public demand that it be preserved.[citation needed]
- Veteran's Memorial Bridge – Installed in the mid 1980s, this structure has helped commuters from Hixson, Lupton City and other northern areas reach downtown quickly.
- C.B. Robinson Bridge (or Dupont Bridge) – This route carries Dupont Parkway from Amnicola Highway to Hixson Pike and Route 153.
- Tennessee River Railroad Bridge – Also called "Tennbridge," this truss bridge with a vertical lift carries the Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway over the river and is a popular railfan area.
- Wilkes T. Thrasher Bridge – Carries Highway 153 over Chickamauga Dam.
Air travel
Chattanooga is served by Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (Lovell Field). Located east of the city, Lovell Field is served by several regional and national airlines, offering non-stop service to various domestic destinations.
See also: Chattanooga Metro Airport
Media and communications
The city of Chattanooga is served by numerous local, regional and national media outlets which reach approximately 1,000,000 people in four states: Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia and North Carolina.
Newspapers
The Chattanooga Times Free Press is published each morning. It was effectively formed in 1999 from two papers that had been bitter rivals for half a century. The Times was once owned by Adolph Ochs, who then also bought the New York Times. (The two newspapers now have different ownership.) The Times had been the morning paper with a generally liberal editorial page. The News-Free Press, whose name was the result of an earlier merger, was an afternoon daily and its editorials were more conservative than those in the Times. In 1999, the Free Press was bought by an Arkansas company, owner of the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, which then bought The Times from the Ochs heirs. Though the two newspapers have merged, the new paper runs both editorial pages, a conservative page and a liberal page.
Free alternative weekly papers in the city include The Chattanooga Pulse and The Enigma.
Radio
Some of the radio stations in Chattanooga include:
- WUUS 980 AM - Oldies / GT98 (Licensed to Rossville, GA)
- WFLI 1070 AM - Southern Gospel (Licensed to Lookout Mountain, TN)
- WGOW 1150 AM - News/Talk / NewsRadio 1150 [7] (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
- WNOO 1260 AM - Urban Gospel, & Motown Gold (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
- WDOD 1310 AM - Oldies / Ruby 1310 (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
- WDEF-AM 1370 AM - Sports/Talk/ 1370 ESPN Radio [8] affiliate. (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
- WUTC 88.1 FM - NPR [9]/Mixed Music / Music 88. Operated by UT-Chattanooga from Cadek Hall. First and only station in Chattanooga to be broadcasting in HD Radio. (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
- WMBW 88.9 FM - Christian Music & Teaching / Moody Radio For The Heart Of The Southeast. Owned and operated by Moody Bible Institute. (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
- WDYN 89.7 FM - Southern Gospel / WDYN Radio [10] Operated By Tennessee Temple University. (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
- WSMC 90.5 FM - Classical/NPR/PRI[11] Operated by Southern Adventist University in nearby Collegedale, Tennessee. (Licensed to Collegedale, TN)
- WAWL 91.5 FM - College Rock / 91 Rock The Wawl[12] Operated by Chattanooga State Technical Community College. (licensed to Red Bank, TN)
- WDEF-FM 92.3 FM - Adult Contemporary / Sunny 92.3[13] (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
- WMPZ 93.7 & 93.3 FM - Urban Oldies / Groove 93[14] (WMPZ 93.7 is licensed to Ringgold, GA, )
- WJTT 94.3 FM - Urban Contemporary / Power 94 [15] (Licensed to Red Bank, TN)
- WHJK 95.3 FM - Variety / Jack FM [16] (Licensed to Cleveland, TN)
- WDOD 96.5 FM - Adult Alternative / 96.5 The Mountain [17] (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
- WNGA 97.3, & 99.3 FM - Classic Country / The Legend (Licensed to South Pittsburg, TN)
- WKXJ 98.1 FM, [18] Current Hit Radio (Top 40)/ 98.1 Kiss FM (Licensed to Signal Mountain, TN)
- WOOP 99.9 FM, [19] Traditional, classic country, old-time gospel, bluegrass and mountain music. Operated by The Traditional Music Resource Center, (Licensed to Cleveland, TN)
- WUSY 100.7 FM, [20] Contemporary Country / US101(licensed to Cleveland, TN) (9 time CMA station of the year from 1995 to 2001 and again in 2003 and 2005)
- WOCE 101.9 FM, Spanish (Licensed to Ringgold, GA)
- WGOW 102.3 FM, [21] News/Talk (Licensed to Soddy-Daisy, TN)
- WBDX 102.7 FM, [22] Contemporary Christian (licensed to Trenton, GA)
- WLLJ 103.1 FM, [23] Contemporary Christian (Simulcast with WBDX 102.7) (Licensed to Etowah, TN)
- Calls Pending 103.7 FM, This is a soon to be launched frequency by Clear Channel Chattanooga. (Licensed to Walden, TN)
- WALV 104.9 FM, [24] Adult Rock (licensed to Dayton, TN)
- WRXR 105.5 FM, [25] Active Rock (licensed to Rossville, GA)
- WSKZ 106.5 FM, [26] Classic rock
- WOGT 107.9 FM, [27] Contemporary Country. (Recently switched from Oldies) Licensed to East Ridge, TN)
Television
Chattanooga has numerous television stations, some of which are beginning to broadcast HDTV signals.
- WRCB channel 3, NBC affiliate - [28] (DT 13 / cable 4)
- WOOT-LP channel 6, independent (formerly UPN) (Not on cable in Chattanooga)
- WTVC channel 9, ABC affiliate - [29] (DT35 / cable 10)
- WDEF channel 12, CBS affiliate - [30] (DT47 / cable 13)
- WCLP channel 18, GPB affiliate - [31] (DT 33 / cable 12)
- WELF channel 23, TBN affiliate - [32] (DT 16 / cable 9)
- W26BE channel 26, 3ABN affiliate - [33] (Not on cable in Chattanooga)
- WYHB-CA channel 39, UATV affiliate - [34] (Not on Cable in Chattanooga)
- WTCI channel 45, PBS member station [35] (DT29 / cable 5)
- WFLI channel 53, The CW Television Network affiliate [36] (Formerly UPN and The WB) (DT 42 / cable 6)
- WDSI channel 61, FOX affiliate - [37] (DT 40 / cable 11)
See also List of television stations in Tennessee
Online
Chattanooga has several online-only sources for news, alternative media, entertainment and local interest.
- The Chattanoogan - locally owned and operated popular source for breaking news and opinion, entertainment listings, restaurant reviews and community activities
- Nooga.com - Chattanooga's online news source featuring breaking news and photos, free classified ads and humorous "Daily Bull" pages
- Outdoor Chattanooga City-run website covering outdoor events, locations and activities, plus educational opportunities and local links
- Chattablogs A free blog site portal featuring hundreds of Chattanooga bloggers
- Chattarock Chattanooga music news and happenings
- The Chattanooga Film Blog A site devoted to local and regional filmmakers
- If You Like Golf - locally owned and operated source for golf news in Chattanooga
Notable residents
The following people were born, live, or have lived in Chattanooga:
Sister cities
Chattanooga has five sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI):
Chattanooga also has two twinning cities, as designated by the City of Chattanooga:
Other communities named Chattanooga
In addition to the Tennessee city of Chattanooga, there is a town of Chattanooga in Oklahoma and a community of Chattanooga in Mercer County, Ohio[38][39].
See also
External links
References
- ^ "Littlefield: "We Want Local Control" Of The Water Company". The Chattanoogan. December 19, 2005. Retrieved 03/24/2007.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "Parent Company Of Tennessee-American Water To Be Sold In Public Offering". The Chattanoogan. March 25, 2006. Retrieved 03/24/2007.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "Top 100 Hospitals 2004". Solucient. 2004. Retrieved 03/24/2007.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006". U.S. Census Bureau. 2006. Retrieved 05/02/2007.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ http://www.chattanoogan.com/articles/article_105786.asp
