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Keio University

Coordinates: 35°38′57″N 139°44′34″E / 35.64917°N 139.74278°E / 35.64917; 139.74278
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Keio University
[慶應義塾大学] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)
File:Keio Logo.jpg
MottoCalamvs gladio fortior
(Latin: The pen is mightier than the sword)
TypePrivate
Established1858
EndowmentN/A
ChancellorProf. Atsushi Seike
Academic staff
full time 1,533[1]
part time 1,045[2]
Students32,275
Undergraduates27,984
Postgraduates4,291
3,708
Location
Minato
,
Tokyo
,
Japan
CampusUrban
Athletics39 varsity teams
ColorsBlue and Red    
NicknameUnicorns, etc.
AffiliationsASAIHL
WebsiteKeio University
Keio University as seen from Tokyo Tower

Keio University (慶應義塾大学, Keiō Gijuku Daigaku),abbreviated as Keio (慶應, Keio) or Keidai (慶大, Keidai), is a Japanese university located in Minato, Tokyo. It is known as the oldest institute of higher education in Japan.[3] Founder Fukuzawa Yukichi originally established it as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo (now Tokyo). It has eleven campuses in Tokyo and Kanagawa. It has nine faculties, which cover a wide range of academic fields, with each operating independently and offering a broad educational and research activities. The faculties are: Letters, Economics, Laws, Business and Commerce, Medicine, Science and Technology, Policy Management, Environment and Information Studies, Nursing and Medical Care, and Pharmacy.

The alumni include 3 Japanese prime ministers[4] and prominent corporate leaders. Currently 12 Keio graduates engage as the Fortune Global 500's CEOs.[5]


Overview

The founder of Keio Fukuzawa Yukichi's statue in the Hiyoshi campus.
East Research Building in Mita
Kyoseikan in Hiyoshi

Keio traces its history to 1858 when Fukuzawa Yukichi, who had studied the Western educational system at Brown University in the United States, started to teach Dutch while he was a guest of Okudaira family. In 1868 he changed the name of the school to Keio Gijuku and devoted all his time to education. While Keiō's initial identity was that of a private school of Western studies, it expanded and established its first university faculty in 1890, and became known as a leading institute in Japanese higher education. It was the first Japanese university to reach its 150th anniversary, celebrating this anniversary in 2008.

Keio's School of Medicine has long-standing research links with the Harvard Medical School.[6] Keio University has joined the MIT and the French INRIA in hosting the international World W3C.[7] Keio has one of the largest financial endowments of any Japanese university.

In 2009, Keio University was selected as a "Global 30" university, a government program "which is aimed at elevating... international competitiveness among the world's top universities and at creating an attractive environment for overseas students, while fostering students and researchers capable of playing active international roles."[8]

Keio has leading research centers. It has approximately 30 Research Centers located on its five main campuses and at other facilities for advanced research in Japan [9]

Mission

Fukuzawa stated the mission of Keio shown below, which is based on his speach for the alumni's party on November 1st in 1896.[10]

Keio Gijuku shouldn't be satisfied with being just one educational institution.
Its mission is expected to be a model of the nobility of intelligence and virtue,
to make clear how it can be applied to its family, society, and nation,
and to take an actual action of this statement.
It expects all students being leaders in society by the practice of this mission.


Those sentences were given to students as his will, and considered as the simple expression of Keio's actual mission.[10]

Academic culture

Contributor to Japanese modern education systems

Keio is known that it has primarily introduced many modern education systems in Japan. The followings are the examples.

  • Keio is the earliest Japanese school that introduced the annual fixed course fee, designed by Fukuzawa.[11]
  • It initially introduced the culture of speech to Japan, which Japan had never had before. It built Japan's earliest speech house Mita Speech House in 1875 as well.[12]
  • It is regarded as Japan's first university which accept the international students.[13] Keio accepted 2 Korean students in 1881 as its (and also Japan's) first international students. 60 Korean students entered in 1883 and 130 Korean students in 1895.

Dokuritsu Jison

Keio put "Independence and self-respect (独立自尊, Dokuritsu Jison)" as a fundation of its education. This is meant to be physically and mentally independent, and respect yourself for keeping your virtue.[14] Independence and self-respect are also regarded as Fukuzawa's nature and essence of his education.[15]

Hangaku Hankyo

Learning half and teaching half (半学半教, Hangaku Hankyo) is the other unique culture in Keio.[16] During the late Edo period and the early Meiji period, several private prep schools often used students as assistant teachers and it was called "Learning half and teaching half". Keio also had initially used this system. In the early period of such Western learning schools, there had been many things to learn not only for students but also professors themselves. Hence there had been sometimes the occasions that students who had learned in advance had taught other students and even professors. After the proper legal systems for education had been set up, those situations have been disappeared. However, Fukuzawa thought the essence of academia is a continuous learning, and knowing more things provides more learning opportunities. Keio respects his thought and put the rule in "Rules in Keio Gijuku (慶應義塾社中之約束, Keio Gijuku Shachu no Yakusoku)" that there shouldn't be any hierarchy between teachers and learners, and all of the people in Keio Gijuku are just in a same company. For this reason, there is still a culture in this university that All professors and lecturers are officially called with　the honorific of "Kun" but never "Teacher" or "Professor".[17][18]

Shachu no Kyoryoku

Collaboration in a company (社中の協力, Shachu no Kyoryoku) is also an uniqueness of Keio.[19] Fukuzawa stated in 1879 that the Keio's success today is because of the collaboration in its company, and "Collaboration in a company" originally came from this article. People in Keio often think that all of the people related to Keio (e.g. professors, students, alumni and their family members) are the part of their company, thus they should try to help each other like brothers and sisters. This culture has been often seen especially in the alumni organization called Mita-Kai.[20]


History

Keio Gijuku in Tsukiji in 1862
File:Yukichi Fukuzawa Wayland 1868.jpg
The lecture of Economics by Fukuzawa during the Battle of Ueno on May 15 1868
Keio University in May 1912

Keio University (慶應義塾大学, Keiō Gijuku Daigaku) was established in 1858 as a Western learning school localted in one of the mansion houses in Tsukiji by the founder Fukuzawa Yukichi.[21] Its root is considered as the Han school for Kokugaku named Shinshu Kan established in 1796.[22] Keio changed its name as "Keio Gijuku" in 1868, which came from the era name "Keio"[23] and "Gijuku" as the translation of Public school.[24] It movied to the current location in 1871, established the Medical school in 1873, and the official university department with Economics, Law and Literacy study in 1890.[25]

Keio has been forming its structure in the following chronological order.[26]


Year University development
1858 Keio Gijuku was established
1879 It rejected an offer to become a national university.
Instead of that, it became a vocational school funded by Daimyos including Shimazu clan.
1890 University department with Faculty of Economics, Faculty of Law, and Faculty of Letters was set up
1906 Graduate school was set up
1917 School of Medicine was set up
1920 It was authorized as a university in the prewar system
1944 Faculty of Technology was set up
1949 It was authorized as a university in the post-war system
1957 Faculty of Business and Commerce was set up
1962 Graduate School of Business Administration was set up
1981 Faculty of Science and Technology (reformed from Faculty of Technology) was set up
1990 Faculty of Environment and Information Studies and Faculty of Policy Management was set up
1994 Graduate School of Media Design was set up
2001 Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care was set up
2004 Law School was set up
2008 Faculty of Pharmacy was set up


There have been several notable things in Keio's over 150 year history as shown below.

  • Keio launched Hiromoto Watanabe as a first chancellor of the Imperial University (University of Tokyo) in 1886. He is the first chancellor of the officially authorized university.
  • Keio sent 6 students to abroad in 1899. In the same year, it accepted 3 international students from India, Qing Dynasty, and Thailand. 8 international students entered from Taiwan in the next year.
  • Keio was visited by Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore where he made a speech in 1916.
  • Keio was visited by Albert Einstein where he presented a lecture on the special theory of relativity in 1922.[27]
  • It started to accept female students from 1946.
  • A paper written by Keio undergraduate student as the first author was placed in the research journal Science in 2006, which had rarely happened to any undergraduate students.[28][29][30]
  • Keio was visited by Prince Charles in 2008.

Athletics

Kei-So Sen

Edward Bramwell Clarke and Tanaka Ginnosuke first introduced Rugby union to Japanese students at Keio University. (The game had been played in the treaty ports of Yokohama and Kobe before that, but not between Japanese teams.)

The interest of Keio's students in baseball stretches back to the early years of the 20th century; and the history of exhibition games was reported internationally. In 1913, an American professional team made of players from the New York Giants and the Chicago White Sox played the Keio team in an exhibition game.[31] In a 1932 exhibition game, the Keio team beat the University of Michigan team which was then touring Japan.[32] Keio's baseball team plays in the Tokyo Big6 Baseball League (six prominent universities in the Tokyo area).

Kei-So rivalry

Traditionally, there has been a strong rivalry between Keio and Waseda University. There are annually many matches between 2 universities in several sports, such as baseball, regatta and rugby. These games are called "Kei-So Sen(慶早戦)", or more generally "So-Kei Sen(早慶戦)".

The Kei-So baseball game is especially famous because of its over 100 year history and importance in Japanese baseball history. The most famous Kei-So baseball match was held on 1943/10/16, and it was made into a movie titled " The Last Game - the Final So-Kei Sen -" in 2008.

There are 2 Kei-So baseball game seasons every year and They are usually broadcasted these by NHK. There is no lecture in Keio's all campuses on the game day because of the students who want to watch this match. Japanese emperors visited Kei-So baseball games 3 times in 1929,1950 and 1994.


Keio and Waseda have been often compared to each other in other general topics, such as their popularity and alumni's successes. In fact, there are many books and magazine articles which compared with these universities.[33][34][35][36]

Organisation

New South building on Mita Campus
Jukukankyoku on Mita Campus
Mita speech house on Mita Campus
Hiyoshi Campus
Yagami Campus
Kitasato Memorial Medical Library on Shinanomachi campus
3rd Building on Shiba Kyoritsu campus

Faculties(Entrance Capacity 6404)

It has nine faculties, which cover a wide range of academic fields, with each operating independently and offering broad educational and research activities. The faculties are:

Graduate Schools

  • Graduate School of Letters
  • Graduate School of Economics
  • Graduate School of Law
  • Graduate School of Human Relations
  • Graduate School of Business and Commerce
  • Graduate School of Medicine
  • Graduate School of Science and Technology
  • Graduate School of Business Administration
  • Graduate School of Media and Governance
  • Graduate School of Health Management
  • Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Law School
  • Graduate School of Media Design
  • Graduate School of System Design and Management

Media Centers

Main article: Keio Media Centers (Libraries)

Keio’s Media Centers, with combined holdings of over 4.58 million books and publications, are one of the largest academic information storehouses in the country.[37]

  • Mita Media Center
  • Hiyoshi Media Center
  • Media Center for Science and Technology
  • Shinanomachi Media Center
  • SFC Media Center

Information Technology Centers

  • ITC Headquarters
  • Mita ITC
  • Hiyoshi ITC
  • Shinanomachi ITC
  • Science & Technology ITC
  • Shonan Fujisawa ITC

Affiliated Schools

Elementary Education

  • Keio Yochisha Elementary School

Secondary Education

  • Keio Futsubu School (Boys Junior High School)
  • Keio Chutobu Junior High School
  • Keio Shonan Fujisawa Junior and Senior High School
  • Keio Senior High School
  • Keio Shiki Senior High School
  • Keio Girls Senior High School
  • Keio Academy of New York (High School)

Language Education

  • Japanese Language Program
  • Keio Foreign Language School

Others

  • Keio Marunouchi City Campus (KMCC)

Hospital and Rehabilitation Center

Keio University Hospital is one of the largest and best known general hospitals in Japan and is also a prestigious teaching hospital. Established in 1920, it has over 1,000 beds, a cutting-edge laboratory, and research and medical information divisions.[9]

  • Keio University Hospital (慶應義塾大学病院 or 慶應大学病院)
  • Tsukigase Rehabilitation Center (月が瀬リハビリテーションセンター)

Campuses

It has eleven campuses.

  • Shin-Kawasaki Town Campus (Kawasaki, Kanagawa)
  • Tsuruoka Town Campus of Keio (Tsuruoka, Yamagata, aka TTCK)
  • Urawa Kyoritsu Campus (Urawa, Saitama)
  • Keio Osaka Riverside Campus (Osaka)
  • Keio Marunouchi City Campus (Tokyo)

Professors

Current professors

Former professors

Academic Rankings

University rankings
T. Reuters National[39] Research 10
WE [ja] National[40] Employment 3
NBP Greater Tokyo[41][42] Reputation 3
Shimano National[43] Selectivity SA
QS Asia
(Asia version)[44]		 General 23
ARWU Asia[45] Research 27-43
QS World[46] General 206
ARWU World[45] Research 201-300
ENSMP World[47] Alumni 3
Program rankings
Social Sciences & Humanities
LAW
Asahi National[48] Research 2
Natural Sciences & Technology
Engineering

Keio University is one of the most prestigious universities in Japan . It can be seen in the following rankings.

General Rankings

The university has been ranked 2nd during 2007-2010 in the ranking called "Truly Strong Universities(本当に強い大学)" by Toyo Keizai.[54] In another ranking, Japanese prep school Kawaijuku ranked Keio as the 6th best university in Japan.[55]

It was ranked 142nd in the world by Times Higher Education World University Rankings (2009).[56] In its Asian University Ranking (2010), Quacquarelli Symonds also ranked Keio as 23rd in Asia.[44] The Academic Ranking of World Universities (2010), which is compiled by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ranks Keio 201-300 in the world and 27-43 in Asia.[45]

Research Performance

Generally speaking, National Universities in Japan have better research standards, however Keio is one of the few Private Universities which compete with top National Universities. According to Thomson Reuters, Keio is the 10th best research university in Japan, and it's the only private university within Top 15.[39] In addition, Weekly Diamond reported that Keio has the 8th highest research standard in Japan in terms of research fundings per researchers in COE Program, and it's also the only private university within Top 10.[57]

Keio especially shows a high research standard in Materials science. According to Thomson Reuters, Keio is the 3rd best university in Japan in terms of citations per paper in Materials Science during 2005-2009.[58] It was also ranked within top 7 in Neuroscience, Clinical medicine, Biology and Biochemistry, within top 10 in Molecular biology, Genetics, Psychiatry, Psychiatry, Psychology, Social Sciences, and Humanities in terms of citation per paper surveyed by National Institute of Informatics and Thomson Reuters during 2002 and 2006.[59] Asahi Shimbun summarized the amount of academic papers in Japanese major legal journals by university, and Keio was ranked 2nd during 2005-2009.[48]

Keio is also a leading university in Economics. According to Asahi Shimbun, Keio's been ranked 7th in Japan in the economic research ranking during 2005-2009.[60] More recently, Repec in Jan 2011 ranked Keio's Economic department as Japan's 6th best economic research university.[61] Keio has provided 3 presidents of Japanese Economic Association in its 42 year history, and this number is 5th largest.[62]

In addition, Nikkei Shimbun　on 2004/2/16 surveyed about the research standards in Engineering studies based on Thomson Reuters, Grants in Aid for Scientific Research and questionnaires to heads of 93 leading Japanese Research Centers, and Keio was placed 8th (research planning ability 4th/informative ability of research outcome 3rd) in this ranking.[63]

Moreover, Keio has the largest asset size of patents among Japanese universities.[64]

Graduate school Rankings

Keio Business School is Japan's earliest business school and one of only two Japanese business schools receiving a certification from The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).[65] It is ranked No. 1 in Japan by Nikkei Shimbun.[66] Eduniversal also ranked Japanese business schools and Keio was top in Japan (75th in the world).[67] In this ranking, Keio is one of 3 Japanese business schools categorized in "Universal Business schools with major international influence".

Keio Law School is considered as one of the top Japanese law schools, as Keio's pass rate for bar exam in 2010 was top (and 6th in 2009) in Japan. [68]

Alumni Rankings

Keio has an unique alumni organization called Mita-Kai and it has a strong solidarity and massive influence in Japanese industries.[69] It represents the strongest advantage and characteristic of this university.

According to the Weekly Economist's 2010 rankings and the PRESIDENT's article on 2006/10/16, graduates from Keio University have the 3rd best employment rate in 400 major companies, and the alumni's average salary is the 3rd best in Japan.[70][71] École des Mines de Paris ranks Keio University as 3rd in the world in 2011 in terms of the number of alumni listed among CEOs in the 500 largest worldwide companies.[47] The university is also ranked 1st in Japan for the number of alumni holding the position of executive in the listed companies of Japan, and this number per student (probability of becoming an executive) is also top.[58][72]

Keio has been influential in Japanese medical societies as well. In fact, there have been 4 presidents of Japan Medical Association related to this university (2 Alumni and 2 professors).[73] This number is the 2nd largest among Japanese medical schools.[74] Keio is one of 2 Japanese universities which provided a president of World Medical Association.[75]

For over 30 years, Keio graduates have been ranked first in Japan in the number of successful national CPA exam applicants.[9]　Furthermore, the number of Members of Parliament who graduated Keio has been 3rd in Japan.[76][60]

Popularity and Selectivity

Keio is a popular university in Japan. The number of applicants per place was 11.7(48260/4098) in the 2011 undergraduate admissions.[77] its entrance difficulty is usually considered as top with Waseda among 730 private universities.[78][79][80]

Nikkei BP has been publishing a ranking system called "Brand rankings of Japanese universities" every year, composed by the various indications related to the power of brand, and Keio was top in 2009 and 3rd in 2010 in Greater Tokyo Area.[81][41]

The 4ICU ranking, which evaluates universities by web popularity instead of quality of education, classifies Keio as 1st in Japan, 2nd in Asia and 14th in the world.[82][83][84] Webometrics (2008) also ranks Keio University as 3rd in Japan, 11th in Asia, and 208th in the world for quantity and quality of web presence and link visibility.[85]

In an unique ranking, TBS ranked Japanese universities by the questionnaire of "Which university student do you want to have as your boyfriend?" to 300 girls in Shibuya, and Keio was ranked 1st in this ranking .[86]

Alumni

Some of the prominent Keio alumni include: Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi (2001–2006), Japanese Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto (1996–1998), and Japanese Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi. Dozens of other alumni have been cabinet members and governors in the post-war period.[87] Its alumni include 230 CEOs of major companies and 97 CEOs of foreign affiliated companies (both highest in Japan).[9] Keio has over 320,000 alumni in 866 alumni associations.[9][88]

Politicians

Former (1931–1932) Japanese prime minister Inukai Tsuyoshi
Former (1996–1998) Japanese prime minister Ryutaro Hashimoto
Former (2001–2006) Japanese prime minister Junichiro Koizumi

Finance

Media

American sociologist Ted Nelson

Other business people

Entertainment

Art

Thailand

Others

JAXA astronaut Chiaki Mukai

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Keio University.
  • Previous South building on Mita Campus
    Previous South building on Mita Campus

Sources

References

  1. ^ http://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/about_keio/data/faculty_and_staff.html
  2. ^ http://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/about_keio/data/faculty_and_staff.html
  3. ^ Okun, Stanley. "For Japanese in U.S., School, Japanese Style," New York Times. February 1, 1988.
  4. ^ Junichiro Koizumi (2001–2006), Ryutaro Hashimoto (1996–1998), and Inukai Tsuyoshi (1931-1932)
  5. ^ [1]
  6. ^ http://keio150.jp/english/ceremony/img/05.pdf
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  8. ^ http://www.g30.keio.ac.jp/about_g30.html
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  11. ^ In Edo Period, the private schools normally collected money or properties with Noshi irregularly from students, but those fees highly depend on each student's economic circumstance. Fukuzawa thought such unstable financial system prevents modernization of educational institution and professors' professionalism. Then he designed a rudimentary management system for the school finance.[2]
  12. ^ Before Meiji Period, Japanese people had thought the oral statement is not reliable enough for decision making, thus every time people had needed to state their opinions on paper when they had needed to decide something. Fukuzawa thought this culture would seriously prevent to introduce the modern parliamentary regime and the fair court system. Then he developed the art of speech by the arrangement of Western speech. [3]
  13. ^ http://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/contents/mamehyakka/41.html
  14. ^ http://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/contents/mamehyakka/60.html
  15. ^ In fact, this phrase was also used for his Dharma name, which is a given name when people are dead, representing their nature.
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  17. ^ Japanese people usually use "Kun" only between friends. This expression is normally considered as an informal expression and shouldn't be used for professors.
  18. ^ Keio only use the honorific of "Teacher" or "Professors" officially when they refer Fukuzawa's name.
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  20. ^ 島田 裕巳 "慶應三田会―組織とその全貌" 三修社
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  23. ^ 1868 is 4th year of Keio
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  26. ^ See ja:慶應義塾大学 for detail
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  28. ^ It is usually regarded as one of the most prestigious academic journals in the world
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  55. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rankings_Kawai_N was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  56. ^ http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2009
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  67. ^ http://www.eduniversal-ranking.com/business-school-university-ranking-in-japan.html
  68. ^ http://laws.shikakuseek.com/data/2010data-2.html
  69. ^ 島田 裕巳 "慶應三田会―組織とその全貌" 三修社
  70. ^ http://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/honkawa/3865.html
  71. ^ http://hensachi-ranking.seesaa.net/article/26733115.html#more
  72. ^ "出身大学別上場企業役員数ランキング" (in Japanese). 大学ranking.net.
  73. ^ Kitasato Shibasaburō,Taichi Kitajima,Taro Takemi and Toshiro Murase
  74. ^ "Japan Medical Association report" (PDF) (in Japanese). Japan Medical Association.
  75. ^ http://www.med.or.jp/wma/
  76. ^ http://univranking.schoolbus.jp/00000277.htm
  77. ^ http://www.admissions.keio.ac.jp/exam/shigansha.html
  78. ^ National and Public universities apply different kind of exams. so it's only comparable between universities in a same category.
  79. ^ e.g. Yoyogi seminar published Hensachi (the indication showing the entrance difficulties by prep schools) rankings http://www.yozemi.ac.jp/rank/gakubu/index.html
  80. ^ Japanese journalist Kiyoshi Shimano ranks its entrance difficulty as SA (most selective/out of 11 scales) in Japan. "危ない大学・消える大学 2012年版" (in Japanese). YELL books. 2011.
  81. ^ http://consult.nikkeibp.co.jp/consult/release/ub091210a.html
  82. ^ [5]
  83. ^ [6]
  84. ^ [7]
  85. ^ [8]
  86. ^ TV program "Rank Okoku" on 2010/2/6 http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/jterasaka/40927577.html
  87. ^ [9]
  88. ^ http://www.admissions.keio.ac.jp/encourage/guidefile.html
  89. ^ Ozaki, Yukio. (2001). The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan, pp. 21-26; Encyclopedia Britannica: Ozaki Yukio.
  90. ^ Korea Communications Commission: OECD, Katsuaki Watanabe.
  91. ^ "Yoji Yamamoto," Womens Wear Daily (New York).

Bibliographie

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