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2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections

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2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections
← 2019 May 9, 2022 (2022-05-09)
All 316 seats to the House of Representatives of the Philippines
159 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party Third party
 
HoR Official Portrait Lord Allan Jay Velasco.jpg
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Leader Lord Allan Velasco
Party PDP–Laban Nacionalista NPC
Last election 82 seats, 31.22% 42 seats, 16.10% 37 seats, 14.31%
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
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Party NUP Liberal Lakas
Last election 25 seats, 9.51% 18 seats, 5.73% 12 seats, 5.11%
Speaker before election

Lord Allan Velasco
PDP–Laban

Elected Speaker

TBD

The 2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections will be the 36th lower house elections in the Philippines. The election of the House of Representatives is scheduled to be held on May 9, 2022.

The election will be held concurrently with the 2022 presidential, Senate and local elections. A voter has two votes in the House of Representatives: one for the congressional district, and one for party-list. Parties of leading presidential candidates are expected to stand candidates in many districts. In the outgoing 18th Congress, there are 243 congressional districts.

As there will be 253 districts to date, there shall be 63 seats, or at least 20% of the seats, disputed in the party-list election. The party-list election is done on a nationwide, at-large basis, separate and distinct from the election from the congressional districts.

Background

Main article: 18th Congress of the Philippines

In the 18th Congress of the Philippines, the parties supporting President Rodrigo Duterte disputed the speakership, Alan Peter Cayetano of the Nacionalista Party, Lord Allan Jay Velasco of PDP–Laban, and the National Unity Party's (NUP) Paolo Duterte emerged as the front-runners to be speaker. The president pushed for a term-sharing agreement between Cayetano and Velasco, with Cayetano serving from July 2019 to October 2020, then Velasco serving until 2022. The younger Duterte disapproved of term-sharing, though. Cayetano was elected Speaker in July 2019.[1]

By March 2020, Cayetano allegedly met with representatives from the Nacionalistas and the NUP to consolidate support for his tenure as speaker. This allegedly involved declaring the position of Speaker vacant. and with Cayetano having enough votes to be reelected, override the original agreement in order to remain in position for the rest of the congressional term. Cayetano, when asked about this, said "I cannot predict what's going to happen sa (on the) floor which can happen anytime and any member can make any motion."[2]

Weeks before he was expected to turn over the speakership to Velasco, Cayetano said that Velasco's term should have started in November, as October is the 15th month, and it was brokered that he become speaker for the first 15 months. Aside from the speakership, only one committee chairmanship is expected to change hands, with all other positions unaffected by the change.[3]

In a September 29, 2020 meeting between President Duterte, Cayetano and Velasco, the president asked the representatives to abide by the gentleman's agreement.[4] Velasco rejected Duterte's suggestion to move the term-sharing deal from October to December.[5] On the October 1 session, Cayetano, who attacked Velasco for pushing through with the deal in the middle of the pandemic and while the budget was being tackled offered to resign as speaker, but it was rejected by his allies. A later vote showed that 184 representatives wanted Cayetano to stay as speaker, 1 dissented, and 9 abstained.[6]

At the next week, Congress suspended its session a week earlier than scheduled. At the session Cayetano moved to terminate the period of debates and amendments. After that was approved, another motion was approved for the 2021 budget to be approved on second reading. The session was then suspended until November 16. This meant that session was suspended before the expected transfer of power on October 14.[7] This put the status of the budget in time in doubt. Duterte called on Cayetano and Velasco to settle their differences or else he'll "do it for you". Duterte then called on a special session from October 13 to 16 to pass the budget.[8]

On October 11, pictures of Velasco and Davao City mayor Sara Duterte appeared on the internet, with the presidential daughter giving tacit approval of Velasco's speakership campaign.[9] On October 12, the day before the special session, Velasco and his allies gathered in the Celebrity Sports Plaza in Quezon City to elect new officials of the House of Representatives, including the speakership. Velasco was elected 186–0. Cayetano branded the session as illegal.[10] On the morning of the special session, Velasco allies entered the session hall of the Batasang Pambansa Complex and elected Velasco as speaker in the same 186–0 result. While voting was ongoing, Cayetano resigned as speaker on Facebook live, giving Velasco the speakership undisputedly.[11] Velasco then recalled the budget from second reading, reopening deliberations for it.[12]

After Velasco and his allies consolidated leadership positions in the chamber, Cayetano and six of his allies launched "BTS sa Kongreso", or "Back to service in Congress" in January 2021. Cayetano clarified that his bloc was not named as such, in response to fans of South Korean boy band BTS who called out Cayetano using the name of the boy band for political motives.[13]

Electoral system

The Philippines uses parallel voting for its lower house elections. For this election, there shall be 316 seats in the House of Representatives; 253 of these are district representatives, and 63 are party-list representatives.[14]

Philippine law mandates that there should be one party-list representative for every four district representatives. District representatives are elected under the first-past-the-post system from single-member districts. Party-list representatives are elected via the nationwide vote with a 2% election threshold, with a party winning not more than three seats.[15] The party with the most votes usually wins three seats, then the other parties with more than 2% of the vote two seats. At this point, if all of the party-list seats are not filled up, the parties with less than 2% of the vote will win one seat each until all party-list seats are filled up.[16] The electoral system, with the 2% threshold and the 3-seat cap, encourage vote splitting; several parties have indeed exploited this, putting up separate party-lists for every sector so as not to waste their vote on just one party.[17]

Political parties competing in the party-list election are barred from participating district elections, and vice versa, unless permitted by the Commission on Elections. Party-lists and political parties participating in the district elections may forge coalition deals with one another.

Campaigning for elections from congressional districts seats are decidedly local; the candidates are most likely a part of an election slate that includes candidates for other positions in the locality, and slates may comprise different parties. The political parties contesting the election make no attempt to create a national campaign.[citation needed]

Party-list campaigning, on the other hand, is done on a national scale. Parties usually attempt to appeal to a specific demographic. Polling is usually conducted for the party-list election, while pollsters may release polls on specific district races. In district elections, pollsters do not attempt to make forecasts on how many votes a party would achieve, nor the number of seats a party would win; they do attempt to do that in party-list elections, though.[citation needed]

District changes

In the Philippines, Congress has the power to create new congressional districts. Congress can either redistrict the entire country within three years after each Philippine census, or create new districts from existing ones piecemeal, although Congress has never redistricted the entire country wholesale since the approval of the 1987 constitution. Congress usually creates a new district once a place reaches the minimum 250,000 population mandated by the constitution.[18]

New districts can also be created by creating new provinces and cities; in this case, it also must be approved by the people in a plebiscite in the affected places.

Changes from 17th (previous) Congress

There are four new districts that will be first contested in 2022, based from redistricting laws passed by the 17th Congress:[19]

It will also be the first election for Davao de Oro in that name, after the successful renaming plebiscite in 2019 from "Compostela Valley".[23]

In Palawan, a law was passed dividing it into three provinces, with each province and Puerto Princesa getting a new district each; Palawan and Puerto Princesa together presently has 3 districts. As this means creating new provinces, it had to be approved in a plebiscite before it can be made effective.[24] In the ensuing plebiscite held on March 13, 2021, the voters rejected division, thereby retaining the status quo of three districts shared between Palawan and Puerto Princesa.[25]

Changes from 18th (current) Congress

There are six new districts created by the 18th Congress that have either been signed by President Rodrigo Duterte, or lapsed, into law:[19]

  • Dividing Rizal's 2nd district to three districts
    • This involves giving Rodriguez and San Mateo their own congressional districts each as 4th and 3rd districts respectively, while leaving the rest of the 2nd district intact.[26][27]
    • Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 11533[28]
  • Dividing Caloocan's 1st district to two districts
    • The new 3rd district shall include Camarin's Barangay 178, and the entirety of Tala and Amparo, while leaving the rest of the 1st district intact.[29][30]
    • Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 11545[31]
  • Reapportioning Bulacan excluding San Jose del Monte from four districts to six
    • This involves redistricting Bulacan's 2nd, 3rd and 4th districts. The 1st district was not affected.[32][30]
    • Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 11546[33]
  • Reapportioning Bataan from two districts to three
    • Bagac and Mariveles from the 2nd district and Dinalupihan and Morong from the 1st district will compose the new 3rd district, with the rest of the 1st and 2nd districts intact.
    • Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 11553[34][35]

In August 2021, the Commission on Elections set the number of seats to be disputed in the election. As there were 253 districts by that date, that means there will be 63 party-list seats to be disputed as well.[36]

Category Total
Congressional districts in the current Congress 243
New districts from redistricting laws from previous Congress 4
New districts from redistricting laws from current Congress 6
Congressional districts in the next Congress 253
Party-list seats for the next Congress 63
Total seats for the next Congress 316

A law was ratified dividing Maguindanao into two provinces; as Maguindanao now is divided into 2 districts, this does not change the number of districts, but does send Talitay along with the old 1st district to Maguindanao del Norte, while leaving the rest of the old 2nd district as the new Maguindanao del Sur.[37] As this involved creating new provinces, the people must agree on a plebiscite for this to be effective. The law originally scheduled the plebiscite in August 2021, but the Commission on Elections rescheduled the plebiscite to be held after the 2022 election. This means that in Maguindanao, the current appropriation would be used before the province was to be divided.[38]

As there shall be 253 districts in these elections to date, and that party-list seats shall also be 20% of the seats in the chamber, 63 seats are to be disputed under the party-list system. This means that the incoming 19th Congress will have 316 seats.

Participating parties

In both chambers of Congress, members are organized into "blocs", akin to parliamentary groups elsewhere. In keeping with the traditions of the Third Philippine Republic which was under a two-party system, there are two main blocs, the majority and minority blocs; this is despite the fact that the country is now in a multi-party system. Those who voted for the winning speaker are from the majority bloc, while those who did not (if there are more than two candidates for the speakership) will vote amongst themselves on who will be the minority bloc. Those who belong to neither bloc shall be the independent minority bloc. Members can also be from the independent bloc. Each bloc can have members from multiple parties. Only the majority and minority blocs have voting privileges in committees.

In the present 18th Congress, the majority bloc is seen to be in favor of President Rodrigo Duterte's presidency, while the minority and independent minority blocs are those opposed.

Elections in congressional districts

Political parties in the Philippines have been described as "temporary political alliances", or argued that there are no parties at all, just "fan clubs of politicians". Party-switching is not uncommon. The dependence of parties on personalities instead of issues is seen as a factor on why this is so.[39][40]

style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #ffd700;" data-sort-value="Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #104a21;" data-sort-value="National Unity Party (Philippines)" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #98fb98;" data-sort-value="Nacionalista Party" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #4AA02C;" data-sort-value="Nationalist People's Coalition" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #B0E0E6;" data-sort-value="Lakas–CMD" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #f0e68c;" data-sort-value="Liberal Party (Philippines)" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0D5F31;" data-sort-value="Partido Federal ng Pilipinas" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0000CD;" data-sort-value="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #9683EC;" data-sort-value="Aksyon Demokratiko" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0067B4;" data-sort-value="Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #ffa500;" data-sort-value="Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #F08080;" data-sort-value="People's Reform Party" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #cc0000;" data-sort-value="Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma" | style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician" |
Party 2019 results Current seats Bloc membership Ideology[39][40] Political spectrum[39][40]
Votes Seat(s) Majority Minority Other
PDP–Laban
31.22%
82 / 304
62 / 304
 Most Some Some Democratic socialism, populism, federalism Center-left to left-wing
NUP
9.51%
25 / 304
44 / 304
 Most Some No Social conservatism, Christian democracy Center to center-right
Nacionalista
16.10%
42 / 304
42 / 304
 Most Some No Conservatism Right-wing
NPC
14.31%
37 / 304
33 / 304
 Most Some No Conservatism Right-wing
Lakas
5.11%
12 / 304
19 / 304
 All No No Conservatism, Christian democracy Right-wing
Liberal
5.73%
18 / 304
16 / 304
 Most Some No Social liberalism Center to center-left
PFP
2.38%
5 / 304
5 / 304
 All No No Federalism Center
LDP
0.62%
2 / 304
2 / 304
 Some No Some Conservatism Center
Aksyon
0.98%
1 / 304
1 / 304
 All No No Progressivism, liberal democracy Center-left
CDP
0.20%
1 / 304
1 / 304
 All No No Christian democracy Center-right
PMP
0.98%
1 / 304
1 / 304
 All No No Populism Big tent
PRP
0.34%
1 / 304
1 / 304
 All No No Reformism Center-left
Reporma
0%
0 / 304
1 / 304
 No No All Reformism Right-wing
Independent
4.97%
2 / 304
1 / 304
 All No No Varies Varies
Local parties
6.33%
14 / 304
9 / 304
 Most No Some Regionalists and localists Varies
Vacancy —
0 / 304
5 / 304
 —

Party-list election

In party-list elections, parties, usually called as "party-lists" can represent ideological, sectoral or ethnolinguistic interests. These elections have allowed left-wing parties to enter the legislature, such as parties allied with the Makabayan and Akbayan, and right-wing parties such as Magdalo. Other parties represent sectoral interests such as Senior Citizens, who represent the elderly, or regionalists such as Ako Bikol who represent Bicolanos. While envisioned as a tool to allow the marginalized to enter the legislature, it has allowed politicians who had previously ran and won in non-party-list elections and landed interests to win under the party-list banner as well. Party-list representatives have also ran and won in elections outside the party-list system as well.[17]

The Party-list Coalition has represented party-list interests in Congress starting in 2014. In the 18th Congress, all party-lists, save for those from Makabayan and Magdalo, are members of this group.[41] The Party-list Coalition participate in the election as individual member parties; the component parties of the Makabayan are in coalition with each other. The party-list representatives, save from the Makabayan bloc usually support the policies of the sitting president.

Coalition Current seats Bloc membership Ideology Political spectrum
Majority Minority Other
Party-list Coalition
54 / 304
 Most Some Some Varies Big tent
Makabayan
6 / 304
 No All No Progressivism Left-wing
Magdalo
1 / 304
 All No No Conservatism Right-wing

Retiring and term-limited incumbents

Main article: Retiring and term-limited incumbents in the 2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections

Representatives who have been elected for three consecutive times on regular elections (special elections do not count) are prohibited from running for a fourth consecutive term. Incumbents on their first or second terms may opt to run for other offices.

Term-limited incumbents

These are incumbents who are on their third consecutive terms and cannot run for reelection. They can run for another position outside the House of Representatives, though.[42] Term-limited politicians usually ran for local office, swapping positions with a family member.

Party Member District Running in this position in 2022 Party nominated (relation) Refs
Abang Lingkod Joseph Stephen Paduano Party-list
Abono Conrado Estrella III Party-list
AGAP Rico Geron Party-list
Aksyon Edgar Erice Caloocan–2nd Mayor of Caloocan Jacob Cabochan (not related) [43][44]
Bayan Muna Carlos Isagani Zarate Party-list Not nominated nor running in 2022 Bayan Muna's nominees are not related to Zarate. [45]
Buhay Lito Atienza Party-list Vice President of the Philippines Buhay's nominees are not related to Atienza. [46][47]
BPP Maria Lourdes Acosta-Alba Bukidnon–1st Joeman Alba (husband) [citation needed]
Lakas Fredenil Castro Capiz–2nd Governor of Capiz Former representative Jane Castro (wife) [48]
LDP Rodrigo Abellanosa Cebu City–2nd Not running in 2022 Former Cebu City mayor Tomas Osmeña (not related) [49]
Liberal Francis Gerald Abaya Cavite–1st Mayor of Kawit, Cavite Kawit mayor Paul Abaya (brother) [50]
Liberal Kit Belmonte Quezon City–6th Not running in 2022 Quezon City councilor Marivic Co-Pilar [51]
Nacionalista Raneo Abu Batangas–2nd Reina Abu (daughter) [52]
Nacionalista Sol Aragones Laguna–3rd Governor of Laguna San Pablo mayor Loreto S. Amante (not related) [53]
Nacionalista Abdulmunir Mundoc Arbison Sulu–2nd Not running in 2022 Munir Arbison Jr. (son) [citation needed]
Nacionalista Mercedes Cagas Davao del Sur–lone Davao del Sur vice governor John Tracy Cagas (nephew) [54]
Nacionalista Eileen Ermita-Buhain Batangas–1st Not running in 2022 Former Philippine Sports Commission chairman Eric Buhain (husband) [55]
Nacionalista Jun Chipeco Jr. Calamba–lone Calamba mayor Timmy Chipeco (son) [citation needed]
Nacionalista Lawrence Fortun Agusan del Norte–1st Vice mayor of Butuan Butuan vice mayor Jose Aquino II (not related) [56]
Nacionalista Jeffrey Khonghun Zambales–1st Mayor of Castillejos. Zambales Zambales vice governor Jay Khonghun (brother) [57]
Nacionalista Henry Oaminal Misamis Occidental–2nd Governor of Misamis Occidental Ozamiz mayor Sancho Fernando Oaminal (son) [citation needed]
Nacionalista Rogelio Neil Roque Bukidnon–4th Governor of Bukidnon Valencia councilor Laarni Lavin-Roque (wife) [58][59]
Nacionalista Jose Tejada Cotabato–3rd Not running in 2022 Nelda Tejada (wife) [citation needed]
NPC Erico Aristotle Aumentado Bohol–2nd Governor of Bohol Vanessa Aumentado (wife) [60]
NPC Abdullah Dimaporo Lanao del Norte–2nd Not running in 2022 Sittie Aminah Quibranza Dimaporo (daughter) [61]
NPC Evelina Escudero Sorsogon–1st Dette Escudero (daughter) [citation needed]
NPC Angelina Tan Quezon–4th Governor of Quezon Mike Tan (son) [62][63]
NPC Noel Villanueva Tarlac–3rd Mayor of Concepcion, Tarlac [64]
NUP Alex Advincula Cavite–3rd Mayor of Imus, Cavite Imus councilor Adrian Jay Advincula (son) [65]
NUP Franz Alvarez Palawan–1st Not running in 2022 Former representative Antonio Alvarez (father) [66]
NUP Wilfredo Caminero Cebu–2nd Mayor of Argao, Cebu Cebu Provincial Board member Tata Salvador (not related) [67][68]
NUP Leo Rafael Cueva Negros Occidental–2nd Vice mayor of Sagay, Negros Occidental Sagay mayor Alfredo Marañon III (not related) [69][70]
NUP Luis Ferrer IV Cavite–6th Mayor of General Trias, Cavite General Trias mayor Antonio Ferrer (brother) [65]
NUP Gavini Pancho Bulacan–2nd Not running in 2022 Tina Pancho (sister) [71]
NUP Abraham Tolentino Cavite–8th Mayor of Tagaytay, Cavite Tagaytay mayor Agnes Tolentino (wife) [65]
NUP Juliette Uy Misamis Oriental–2nd Governor of Misamis Oriental Former Misamis Oriental vice governor Julio Uy (husband) [72][73]
NUP Rolando Uy Cagayan de Oro–1st Mayor of Cagayan de Oro Cagayan de Oro councilor Lordan Suan (not related) [74]
NUP Vicente Veloso III Leyte–3rd Not running in 2022 Anna Victoria Veloso-Tuazon (daughter) [75]
PDP–Laban Benjamin Agarao Jr. Laguna–4th Mayor of Santa Cruz, Laguna Laguna board member Jam Agarao (daughter) [citation needed]
PDP–Laban Isagani Amatong Zamboanga del Norte–3rd Adrian Amatong (son) [76]
PDP–Laban Rose Marie Arenas Pangasinan–3rd Retiring from politics Movie and Television Review and Classification Board chairperson Maria Rachel Arenas (daughter) [77]
PDP–Laban Ferdinand Hernandez South Cotabato–2nd Governor of South Cotabato Former representative Daisy Avance-Fuentes (not related) [78][79]
PDP–Laban Dulce Ann Hofer Zamboanga Sibugay–2nd Governor of Zamboanga Sibugay Former Zamboanga Sibugay provincial administrator George Hofer II (brother) [80]
PDP–Laban Elisa Olga Kho Masbate–2nd Vice governor of Masbate Vice governor Olga Ara Kho (daughter) [citation needed]
PDP–Laban Paulino Salvador Leachon Oriental Mindoro–1st Governor of Oriental Mindoro Calapan mayor Arnan Panaligan (not related) [81][82]
PDP–Laban Eric Olivarez Parañaque–1st Mayor of Parañaque Parañaque mayor Edwin Olivarez (brother) [83]
PDP–Laban Xavier Jesus Romualdo Camiguin–lone Governor of Camiguin Camiguin governor Jurdin Jesus Romualdo (father) [84]
PDP–Laban Estrellita Suansing Nueva Ecija–1st Not running in 2022 Mika Suansing (daughter) [85]
PDP–Laban Lucy Torres Leyte–4th Mayor of Ormoc Ormoc mayor Richard Gomez (husband) [86]
PDP–Laban Alfred Vargas Quezon City–5th Councilor of Quezon City Quezon City councilor Patrick Michael Vargas (brother) [87][88]
PDP–Laban Ronaldo Zamora San Juan–lone Retiring from politics Bel Zamora (daughter) [89][90]
PDP–Laban Juan Pablo Bondoc Pampanga–4th Not running in 2022 None; former representative Anna York Bondoc (sister) is running with the Nacionalistas. [91]
PFP Cheryl Deloso-Montalla Zambales–2nd Governor of Zambales Former Zambales governor Amor Deloso (father) [92]

Retiring incumbents

These were allowed defend their seats, but chose not to:

Party Member District Running in this position in 2022 Party nominated (relation) Refs
Aksyon Esmael Mangudadatu Maguindanao–2nd Governor of Maguindanao Former representative Dong Mangudadatu (brother) [93][94]
Anakalusugan Mike Defensor Party-list Mayor of Quezon City [95]
Ako Bikol Alfredo Garbin Jr. Party-list Mayor of Legazpi, Albay [96]
Asenso Manileño Yul Servo Manila–3rd Vice mayor of Manila Manila councilor Joel Chua (not related) [97][98]
Bayan Muna Eufemia Cullamat Party-list Not nominated nor running in 2022 None of Bayan Muna's nominees are relatives of Cullamat [45]
BPP Manuel Zubiri Bukidnon–3rd Governor of Bukidnon
Independent Alan Peter Cayetano Taguig–Pateros–1st Senator None; running as an independent [99][100]
Kabataan Partylist Sarah Elago Party-list Not nominated nor running in 2022 None of Kabataan's nominees are relatives of Elago [101]
Lakas Mikey Arroyo Pampanga–2nd Not running in 2022 Former speaker Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (mother) [102]
Lakas Ramon Guico III Pangasinan–5th Governor of Pangasinan Binalonan mayor Ramon Guico Jr. (father) [103]
Lakas Wilter Palma II Zamboanga Sibugay–1st Governor of Zamboanga Sibugay Zamboanga Sibugay governor Wilter Palma (father) [80]
Lakas Roger Mercado Southern Leyte–lone[a] Not running in 2022 Luz Mercado (wife) [citation needed]
Nacionalista Lani Cayetano Taguig–2nd Mayor of Taguig Taguig councilor Pammy Zamora (not related) [100]
Nacionalista Corazon Nuñez Malanyaon Davao Oriental–1st Governor of Davao Oriental Davao Oriental governor Nelson Dayanghirang (not related) [100]
Nacionalista Vilma Santos Batangas–6th Not running in 2022 Senator Ralph Recto (husband) [104][105][106]
Nacionalista Frederick Siao Iligan–lone Mayor of Iligan Former representative Vicente Belmonte Jr. (not related) [107]
Nacionalista Braeden John Biron Iloilo–4th Mayor of Dumangas, Iloilo Former representative Ferjenel Biron (father) [108]
Nacionalista Eduardo Gullas Cebu–1st Retiring from politics Talisay mayor Samsam Gullas (son) [109]
Navoteño John Rey Tiangco Navotas–lone Mayor of Navotas Navotas mayor Toby Tiangco (brother) [110]
NPC Bayani Fernando Marikina–1st Mayor of Marikina [111]
NPC Weslie Gatchalian Valenzuela–1st Mayor of Valenzuela Valenzuela mayor Rex Gatchalian (brother) [112]
NPC Dahlia Loyola Cavite–5th Mayor of Carmona, Cavite Carmona mayor Roy Loyola (husband) [65]
NPC Loren Legarda Antique–lone Senator AA Legarda (brother) [113][114]
NPC Lorna Bautista-Bandigan Davao Occidental–lone Vice governor of Davao Occidental Davao Occidental governor Claude Bautista (brother) [115]
NPC Josal Fortuno Camarines Sur–5th Not running in 2022 Camarines Sur governor Migz Villafuerte (mo relation) [116]
NUP Joet Garcia Bataan–2nd Governor of Bataan Bataan governor Albert Garcia (brother) [117]
NUP Strike Revilla Cavite–2nd Mayor of Bacoor, Cavite Bacoor mayor Lani Mercado (sister-in-law) [65]
NUP Narciso Bravo Jr. Masbate–1st Governor of Masbate Former representative Maria Vida Bravo (wife) [118]
PDP–Laban Ruffy Biazon Muntinlupa–lone Mayor of Muntinlupa Silverio Garing (not related)[b] [119][120]
PDP–Laban Dale Malapitan Caloocan–1st Mayor of Caloocan [c] [121][122]
PDP–Laban Shirlyn Banas-Nograles South Cotabato–1st Mayor of General Santos Danny Nograles (husband) [123][124]
PDP–Laban Rogelio Pacquiao Sarangani–lone Governor of Sarangani Sarangani governor Steve Chiongbian Solon (not related) [125][126]
PDP–Laban Joy Tambunting Parañaque–2nd Not running in 2022 Former representative Gustavo Tambunting (husband) [127]
PDP–Laban Henry Villarica Bulacan–4th Mayor of Meycauayan, Bulacan Meycauayan mayor Linabelle Villarica (wife) [citation needed]
PFP Alyssa Sheena Tan Isabela–4th Mayor of Santiago Santiago mayor Joseph Tan (uncle) [128]
Probinsyano Ako Jose Singson Jr. Party-list Mayor of Vigan, Ilocos Sur None of Probinsyano Ako's nominees are relatives of Singson [129]
SAGIP Rodante Marcoleta Party-list Senator [130]
Notes
  1. ^ Southern Leyte's at-large congressional district was split into two districts starting in the 2022 elections. Mercado's wife Luz is running in the 1st district; furthermore, Mercado himself left office in October 2021 after appointment as Secretary of Public Works and Highways, leaving the seat vacant until the next election.
  2. ^ Ruffy Biazon is running under the local party One Muntinlupa that nominated Muntinlupa mayor Jaime Fresnedi (Liberal) for representative. However, his national party, PDP-Laban, nominated Silverio Garing.
  3. ^ Dale Malapitan (PDP-Laban) is running under the local ticket Team Aksyon at Malasakit that nominated his father Caloocan mayor Oscar Malapitan (Nacionalista) for representative.

Marginal seats

Elections in congressional districts

These are the marginal seats that had a winning margin of 5% or less in the 2019 elections, in ascending order via margin:

Party District Incumbent 2019 margin
PDP–Laban Manila–5th Cristal Bagatsing 0.83%
PDP–Laban Dinagat Islands–lone Alan Ecleo 0.92%
Lakas Pangasinan–5th Ramon Guico III 1.42%
NUP Masbate–1st Narciso Bravo Jr. 1.45%
NUP Misamis Occidental–1st Diego Ty 1.92%
NPC Ifugao–lone Solomon Chungalao 1.95%
Bileg Ilocos Sur–2nd Kristine Singson-Meehan 2.10%
Nacionalista Camarines Sur–2nd Luis Raymund Villafuerte 2.18%
Nacionalista Iligan–lone Frederick Siao 2.27%
NPC Batanes–lone Ciriaco Gato Jr. 2.50%
Lakas Lanao del Sur–2nd Yasser Balindong 2.73%
NUP Manila–2nd Rolando Valeriano 2.77%
PDP–Laban Eastern Samar–lone Maria Fe Abunda 3.11%
PDP–Laban Zamboanga del Sur–2nd Leonardo Babasa Jr. 3.45%
Nacionalista Pangasinan–1st Arnold Celeste 3.79%
Nacionalista Bohol–3rd Alexie Besas-Tutor 4.00%
Liberal Makati–1st Kid Peña 4.20%
PRP Nueva Ecija–4th Maricel Natividad-Nagaño 4.59%
PDP–Laban Davao de Oro–2nd[a] Ruwel Peter Gonzaga 5.00%
  1. ^ Contested as Compostela Valley–2nd in 2019.

Party-list elections

The following party-lists won less than 2% of the vote in 2019, and only won one seat each because all of party-list seats have not been filled up by the parties that did win at least 2% of the vote.[131] These are sorted by number of votes in descending order.

References

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