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35th Canadian Parliament

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35th Parliament of Canada
Majority parliament
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Parliament leaders
Prime
Minister
Rt. Hon. Jean Chrétien
November 4, 1993 (1993-11-04) – December 12, 2003 (2003-12-12)
Cabinet26th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the
Opposition
Hon. Lucien Bouchard
October 25, 1993 (1993-10-25) – January 14, 1996 (1996-01-14)
Hon. Gilles Duceppe (interim)
January 15, 1996 (1996-01-15) – February 16, 1996 (1996-02-16)
Hon. Michel Gauthier
February 17, 1996 (1996-02-17) – March 14, 1997 (1997-03-14)
Hon. Gilles Duceppe (2nd time)
March 15, 1997 (1997-03-15) – June 23, 1997 (1997-06-23)
Party caucuses
GovernmentLiberal Party
OppositionBloc Québécois
RecognizedReform Party
New Democratic Party*
Progressive Conservative Party*
* Party did not hold official party status.
House of Commons

Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Speaker of the
Commons
Hon. Gilbert Parent
January 17, 1994 (1994-01-17) – January 28, 2001 (2001-01-28)
Government
House Leader
Hon. Herb Gray
November 4, 1993 (1993-11-04) – April 27, 1997 (1997-04-27)
Opposition
House Leader
Hon. Michel Gauthier
November 10, 1993 (1993-11-10) – February 17, 1996 (1996-02-17)
Hon. Gilles Duceppe
February 18, 1996 (1996-02-18) – March 16, 1997 (1997-03-16)
Hon. Suzanne Tremblay
March 17, 1997 (1997-03-17) – April 25, 1996 (1996-04-25)
Members295 MP seats
List of members
Senate
Speaker of the
Senate
Hon. Roméo Leblanc
December 7, 1993 (1993-12-07) – November 21, 1994 (1994-11-21)
Hon. Gildas Molgat
November 22, 1994 (1994-11-22) – January 25, 2001 (2001-01-25)
Government
Senate Leader
Hon. Joyce Fairbairn
November 4, 1993 (1993-11-04) – June 10, 1997 (1997-06-10)
Opposition
Senate Leader
Hon. John Lynch-Staunton
December 15, 1993 (1993-12-15) – September 30, 2004 (2004-09-30)
Senators104 senator seats
List of senators
Sessions
1st session
January 14, 1994 (1994-01-14) – February 2, 1996 (1996-02-02)
2nd session
February 27, 1996 (1996-02-27) – April 27, 1997 (1997-04-27)
← 34th → 36th
Jean Chrétien was Prime Minister during the 35th Canadian Parliament.

The 35th Canadian Parliament was in session from January 17, 1994 until April 27, 1997. The membership was set by the 1993 federal election on October 25, 1993, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1997 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Jean Chrétien and the 26th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Bloc Québécois, led first by Lucien Bouchard, then by Michel Gauthier, and finally by Gilles Duceppe.

The Speaker was Gilbert Parent. See also list of Canadian electoral districts 1987-1997 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were two sessions of the 35th Parliament:

Session Start End
1st January 17, 1994 February 2, 1996
2nd February 27, 1996 April 27, 1997

Party standings

The party standings as of the election and as of dissolution were as follows:

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Affiliation House Members Senate Members[1]
1993 Election
Results
At Dissolution On Election
Day 1993[2]
At Dissolution

Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal/row

Liberal Party of Canada 177 174 41 51
  Bloc Québécois 54 50 0 0
Reform 52 50 0 0

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New Democratic Party 9 9 0 0
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada 2 2 58 50

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Independent 1 6 5 3
Total members 295 291 104 104
Vacant 0 4 0 0
Total seats 295 104

Members of the House of Commons

Members of the House of Commons in the 35th parliament arranged by province.

Newfoundland

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Riding Member Political Party
Bonavista—Trinity—Conception Fred Mifflin Liberal
Burin—St. George's Roger Simmons Liberal
Gander—Grand-Falls George S. Baker Liberal
Humber—St. Barbe—Baie Verte Brian Tobin Liberal
Gerry Byrne* Liberal
Labrador Bill Rompkey Liberal
Lawrence O'Brien** Liberal
St. John's East Bonnie Hickey Liberal
St. John's West Jean Payne Liberal
* Brian Tobin left parliament in 1996 to become premier of Newfoundland; Gerry Byrne was elected in a by-election to replace him.
** Bill Rompkey was appointed to the Senate in September 1995; Lawrence O'Brien was elected to replace him in a 1996 by-election.

Prince Edward Island

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Riding Member Political Party
Cardigan Lawrence MacAulay Liberal
Egmont Joe McGuire Liberal
Hillsborough George Proud Liberal
Malpeque Wayne Easter Liberal

Nova Scotia

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Riding Member Political Party
Annapolis Valley—Hants John Murphy Liberal
Cape Breton Highlands—Canso Francis LeBlanc Liberal
Cape Breton—East Richmond David Dingwall Liberal
Cape Breton—The Sydneys Russell MacLellan Liberal
Central Nova Roseanne Skoke Liberal
Cumberland—Colchester Dianne Brushett Liberal
Dartmouth Ron MacDonald Liberal
Halifax Mary Clancy Liberal
Halifax West Geoff Regan Liberal
South Shore Derek Wells Liberal
South West Nova Harry Verran Liberal

New Brunswick

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Riding Member Political Party
Acadie—Bathurst Doug Young Liberal
Beauséjour Fernand Robichaud Liberal
Carleton—Charlotte Harold Culbert Liberal
Fredericton—York—Sunbury Andy Scott Liberal
Fundy—Royal Paul Zed Liberal
Madawaska—Victoria Pierrette Ringuette-Maltais Liberal
Miramichi Charles Hubbard Liberal
Moncton George Rideout Liberal
Restigouche—Chaleur Guy Arseneault Liberal
Saint John Elsie Wayne Progressive Conservative

Quebec

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Riding Member Political Party
  Abitibi Bernard Deshaies Bloc Québécois
  Ahuntsic Michel Daviault Bloc Québécois
  Anjou—Rivière-des-Prairies Roger Pomerleau Bloc Québécois
  Argenteuil—Papineau Maurice Dumas Bloc Québécois
Beauce Gilles Bernier Independent
  Beauharnois—Salaberry Laurent Lavigne Bloc Québécois
  Beauport—Montmorency—Orléans Michel Guimond Bloc Québécois
  Bellechasse François Langlois Bloc Québécois
  Berthier—Montcalm Michel Bellehumeur Bloc Québécois
  Blainville—Deux-Montagnes Paul Mercier Bloc Québécois
Bonaventure—Îles-de-la-Madeleine Patrick Gagnon Liberal
  Bourassa Osvaldo Nunez Bloc Québécois
  Brome—Missisquoi Gaston Péloquin Bloc Québécois
Denis Paradis* Liberal
  Chambly Ghislain Lebel Bloc Québécois
  Champlain Réjean Lefebvre Bloc Québécois
  Charlesbourg Jean-Marc Jacob Bloc Québécois
  Charlevoix Gérard Asselin Bloc Québécois
  Chateauguay Maurice Godin Bloc Québécois
  Chicoutimi Gilbert Fillion Bloc Québécois
  Drummond Pauline Picard Bloc Québécois
  Frontenac Jean-Guy Chrétien Bloc Québécois
  Gaspé Yvan Bernier Bloc Québécois
Gatineau—La Lièvre Mark Assad Liberal
  Hochelaga—Maisonneuve Réal Ménard Bloc Québécois
Hull—Aylmer Marcel Massé Liberal
  Joliette René Laurin Bloc Québécois
  Jonquière André Caron Bloc Québécois
  Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup Paul Crête Bloc Québécois
  La Prairie Richard Bélisle Bloc Québécois
  Lac-Saint-Jean Lucien Bouchard Bloc Québécois
  Stéphan Tremblay** Bloc Québécois
Lachine—Lac-Saint-Louis Clifford Lincoln Liberal
LaSalle—Émard Paul Martin Liberal
  Laurentides Monique Guay Bloc Québécois
  Laurier—Sainte-Marie Gilles Duceppe Bloc Québécois
  Laval Centre Madeleine Dalphond-Guiral Bloc Québécois
  Laval East Maud Debien Bloc Québécois
Laval West Michel Dupuy Liberal
  Lévis Antoine Dubé Bloc Québécois
  Longueuil Nic Leblanc Bloc Québécois
  Lotbinière Jean Landry Bloc Québécois
  Louis-Hébert Philippe Paré Bloc Québécois
  Manicouagan Bernard St-Laurent Bloc Québécois
  Matapédia—Matane René Canuel Bloc Québécois
  Mégantic—Compton—Stanstead Maurice Bernier Bloc Québécois
  Mercier Francine Lalonde Bloc Québécois
Mount Royal Sheila Finestone Liberal
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce Warren Allmand Liberal
Outremont Martin Cauchon Liberal
Papineau—Saint-Michel André Ouellet Liberal
Pierre Pettigrew*** Liberal
Pierrefonds—Dollard Bernard Patry Liberal
Pontiac—Gatineau—Labelle Robert Bertrand Liberal
  Portneuf Pierre de Savoye Bloc Québécois
  Quebec Christiane Gagnon Bloc Québécois
  Quebec East Jean-Paul Marchand Bloc Québécois
  Richelieu Louis Plamondon Bloc Québécois
  Richmond—Wolfe Gaston Leroux Bloc Québécois
  Rimouski—Témiscouata Suzanne Tremblay Bloc Québécois
  Roberval Michel Gauthier Bloc Québécois
  Rosemont Benoît Tremblay Bloc Québécois
Saint-Denis Eleni Bakopanos Liberal
Saint-Henri—Westmount David Berger Liberal
Lucienne Robillard**** Liberal
  Saint-Hubert Pierrette Venne Bloc Québécois
  Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot Yvan Loubier Bloc Québécois
  Saint-Jean Claude Bachand Bloc Québécois
Saint-Laurent—Cartierville Shirley Maheu Liberal
Stéphane Dion***** Liberal
Saint-Léonard Alfonso Gagliano Liberal
Saint-Maurice Jean Chrétien Liberal
  Shefford Jean Leroux Bloc Québécois
Sherbrooke Jean Charest Progressive Conservative
  Témiscamingue Pierre Brien Bloc Québécois
  Terrebonne Benoit Sauvageau Bloc Québécois
  Trois-Rivières Yves Rocheleau Bloc Québécois
Vaudreuil Nick Discepola Liberal
  Vercheres Stéphane Bergeron Bloc Québécois
Verdun—Saint-Paul Raymond Lavigne Liberal
* Gaston Péloquin died in a car accident in 1994, and was replaced by Denis Paradis in a by-election on February 13, 1995.
** Lucien Bouchard left parliament in 1995 to become premier of Quebec; Stéphan Tremblay is elected in a by-election to replace him.
*** André Ouellet was appointed head of Canada Post, and was replaced by Pierre Pettigrew in a March 25, 1996 by-election
**** David Berger was appointed Canadian Ambassador to Israel and high commissioner to Cyprus in 1994, and was replaced by Lucienne Robillard in a February 13, 1995 by-election.
***** Shirley Maheu was appointed to the Senate, and was replaced by Stéphane Dion also in a March 26, 1996 by-election.

Ontario

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Riding Member Political Party
Algoma—Manitoulin Brent St. Denis Liberal
Beaches—Woodbine Maria Minna Liberal
Bramalea—Gore—Malton Gurbax Malhi Liberal
Brampton Colleen Beaumier Liberal
Brant Jane Stewart Liberal
Broadview—Greenwood Dennis Mills Liberal
Independent Liberal
Bruce—Grey Ovid Jackson Liberal
Burlington Paddy Torsney Liberal
Cambridge Janko Peric Liberal
Carleton—Gloucester Eugène Bellemare Liberal
Cochrane—Superior Réginald Bélair Liberal
Davenport Charles Caccia Liberal
Don Valley East David Collenette Liberal
Don Valley North Sarkis Assadourian Liberal
Don Valley West John Godfrey Liberal
Durham Alex Shepherd Liberal
Eglinton—Lawrence Joe Volpe Liberal
Elgin—Norfolk Gar Knutson Liberal
Erie John Maloney Liberal
Essex-Kent Jerry Pickard Liberal
Essex-Windsor Susan Whelan Liberal
Etobicoke Centre Allan Rock Liberal
Etobicoke North Roy MacLaren Liberal
Roy Cullen** Liberal
Etobicoke—Lakeshore Jean Augustine Liberal
Glengarry—Prescott—Russell Don Boudria Liberal
Guelph—Wellington Brenda Chamberlain Liberal
Haldimand—Norfolk Bob Speller Liberal
Halton—Peel Julian Reed Liberal
Hamilton East Sheila Copps Liberal
Hamilton Mountain Beth Phinney Liberal
Hamilton—Wentworth John Bryden Liberal
Hamilton West Stan Keyes Liberal
Hastings—Frontenac—Lennox and Addington Larry McCormick Liberal
Huron—Bruce Paul Steckle Liberal
Kenora—Rainy River Robert Daniel Nault Liberal
Kent Rex Crawford Liberal
Kingston and the Islands Peter Milliken Liberal
Kitchener John English Liberal
Lambton—Kent—Middlesex Rose-Marie Ur Liberal
Lanark—Carleton Ian Murray Liberal
Leeds—Grenville Jim Jordan Liberal
Lincoln Tony Valeri Liberal
London East Joe Fontana Liberal
London—Middlesex Pat O'Brien Liberal
London West Sue Barnes Liberal
Markham—Whitchurch—Stouffville Jag Bhaduria Liberal
Independent Liberal***
Mississauga East Albina Guarnieri Liberal
Mississauga South Paul Szabo Liberal
Mississauga West Carolyn Parrish Liberal
Nepean Beryl Gaffney Liberal
Niagara Falls Gary Pillitteri Liberal
Nickel Belt Ray Bonin Liberal
Nipissing Bob Wood Liberal
Northumberland Christine Stewart Liberal
Oakville—Milton Bonnie Brown Liberal
Ontario Dan McTeague Liberal
Oshawa Ivan Grose Liberal
Ottawa Centre Mac Harb Liberal
Ottawa South John Manley Liberal
Ottawa West Marlene Catterall Liberal
Ottawa—Vanier Jean-Robert Gauthier Liberal
Mauril Belanger**** Liberal
Oxford John Baird Finlay Liberal
Parkdale—High Park Jesse Flis Liberal
Parry Sound—Muskoka Andy Mitchell Liberal
Perth—Wellington—Waterloo John Richardson Liberal
Peterborough Peter Adams Liberal
Prince Edward—Hastings Lyle Vanclief Liberal
Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke Len Hopkins Liberal
Rosedale Bill Graham Liberal
Sarnia—Lambton Roger Gallaway Liberal
Sault Ste. Marie Ron Irwin Liberal
Scarborough Centre John Cannis Liberal
Scarborough East Doug Peters Liberal
Scarborough West Tom Wappel Liberal
Scarborough—Agincourt Jim Karygiannis Liberal
Scarborough—Rouge River Derek Lee Liberal
  Simcoe Centre Ed Harper Reform
Simcoe North Paul DeVillers Liberal
St. Catharines Walt Lastewka Liberal
St. Paul's Barry Campbell Liberal
Stormont—Dundas Bob Kilger Liberal
Sudbury Diane Marleau Liberal
Thunder Bay—Atikokan Stan Dromisky Liberal
Thunder Bay—Nipigon Joe Comuzzi Liberal
Timiskaming—French River Benoit Serré Liberal
Timmins—Chapleau Peter Thalheimer Liberal
Trinity—Spadina Tony Ianno Liberal
Victoria—Haliburton John O'Reilly Liberal
Waterloo Andrew Telegdi Liberal
Welland—St. Catharines—Thorold Gilbert Parent Liberal
Wellington—Grey—Dufferin—Simcoe Murray Calder Liberal
Willowdale Jim Peterson Liberal
Windsor West Herb Gray Liberal
Windsor—St. Clair Shaughnessy Cohen Liberal
York Centre Art Eggleton Liberal
York North Maurizio Bevilacqua Liberal
York South—Weston John Nunziata Liberal
Independent Liberal*****
York—Simcoe Karen Kraft Sloan Liberal
York West Sergio Marchi Liberal
* Dennis Mills quit the Liberal caucus to sit as an Independent Liberal in May 1996, but returned to the party in August of the same year.
** Roy MacLaren was appointed High Commissioner of Canada to the United Kingdom, and his seat was filled by Roy Cullen in a 1996 by-election.
*** Jag Bhaduria was expelled from the Liberal Party for falsifying his credentials.
**** Jean-Robert Gauthier was appointed to the Senate in 1994, and replaced by Mauril Belanger in a 1995 by-election.
***** John Nunziata was expelled from the Liberal Party for voting against the 1996 budget on April 16 of that year, and sat for the rest of the session as an Independent.

Manitoba

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Riding Member Political Party
Brandon—Souris Glen McKinnon Liberal
Churchill Elijah Harper Liberal
Dauphin—Swan River Marlene Cowling Liberal
  Lisgar—Marquette Jake Hoeppner Reform
Portage—Interlake Jon Gerrard Liberal
Provencher David Iftody Liberal
Selkirk—Red River Ron Fewchuk Liberal
Saint Boniface Ronald Duhamel Liberal
Winnipeg North Centre David Walker Liberal
Winnipeg North Rey Pagtakhan Liberal
Winnipeg South Reg Alcock Liberal
Winnipeg St. James John Harvard Liberal
Winnipeg South Centre Lloyd Axworthy Liberal
Winnipeg—Transcona Bill Blaikie New Democrat

Saskatchewan

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Riding Member Political Party
  Kindersley—Lloydminster Elwin Hermanson Reform
Mackenzie Vic Althouse New Democrat
  Moose Jaw—Lake Centre Allan Kerpan Reform
Prince Albert—Churchill River Gordon Kirkby Liberal
Regina—Lumsden John Solomon New Democrat
Regina—Qu'Appelle Simon de Jong New Democrat
Regina—Wascana Ralph Goodale Liberal
Saskatoon—Clark's Crossing Chris Axworthy New Democrat
Saskatoon—Dundurn Morris Bodnar Liberal
Saskatoon—Humboldt Georgette Sheridan Liberal
Souris—Moose Mountain Bernie Collins Liberal
  Swift Current—Maple Creek—Assiniboia Lee Morrison Reform
The Battlefords—Meadow Lake Len Taylor New Democrat
  Yorkton—Melville Garry Breitkreuz Reform

Alberta

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Riding Member Political Party
  Athabasca David Chatters Reform
  Beaver River Deborah Grey Reform
  Calgary Centre Jim Silye Reform
  Calgary North Diane Ablonczy Reform
  Calgary Northeast Art Hanger Reform
  Calgary Southeast Jan Brown Reform
Independent*
  Calgary Southwest Preston Manning Reform
  Calgary West Stephen Harper Reform
  Crowfoot Jack Ramsay Reform
Edmonton East Judy Bethel Liberal
Edmonton North John Loney Liberal
Edmonton Northwest Anne McLellan Liberal
Edmonton Southeast David Kilgour Liberal
  Edmonton Southwest Ian McClelland Reform
  Edmonton—Strathcona Hugh Hanrahan Reform
  Elk Island Ken Epp Reform
  Lethbridge Ray Speaker Reform
  Macleod Grant Hill Reform
  Medicine Hat Monte Solberg Reform
  Peace River Charlie Penson Reform
  Red Deer Bob Mills Reform
  St. Albert John G. Williams Reform
  Vegreville Leon Benoit Reform
  Wetaskiwin Dale Johnston Reform
  Wild Rose Myron Thompson Reform
  Yellowhead Cliff Breitkreuz Reform
* Jan Brown was suspended from the Reform Party, and then quit the party to sit as an Independent Reform member.

British Columbia

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Riding Member Political Party
Burnaby—Kingsway Svend Robinson New Democrat
  Capilano—Howe Sound Herb Grubel Reform
  Cariboo—Chilcotin Philip Mayfield Reform
  Comox—Alberni Bill Gilmour Reform
  Delta John Cummins Reform
  Esquimalt—Juan de Fuca Keith Martin Reform
  Fraser Valley East Chuck Strahl Reform
  Fraser Valley West Randy White Reform
Kamloops Nelson Riis New Democrat
  Kootenay East Jim Abbott Reform
  Kootenay West—Revelstoke Jim Gouk Reform
  Mission—Coquitlam Daphne Jennings Reform
  Nanaimo—Cowichan Bob Ringma Reform
  New Westminster—Burnaby Paul Forseth Reform
  North Island—Powell River John Duncan Reform
  North Vancouver Ted White Reform
  Okanagan Centre Werner Schmidt Reform
  Okanagan—Shuswap Darrel Stinson Reform
  Okanagan—Similkameen—Merritt Jim Hart Reform
  Port Moody—Coquitlam Sharon Hayes Reform
  Prince George—Bulkley Valley Richard Harris Reform
  Prince George—Peace River Jay Hill Reform
Richmond Raymond Chan Liberal
  Saanich—Gulf Islands Jack Frazer Reform
  Skeena Mike Scott Reform
  Surrey North Margaret Bridgman Reform
  Surrey—White Rock—South Langley Val Meredith Reform
Vancouver Centre Hedy Fry Liberal
Vancouver East Anna Terrana Liberal
Vancouver Quadra Ted McWhinney Liberal
Vancouver South Herb Dhaliwal Liberal
Victoria David Anderson Liberal

Territories

Template:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal/rowTemplate:Canadian politics/party colours/Liberal/rowTemplate:Canadian politics/party colours/NDP/row
Riding Member Political Party
Western Arctic Ethel Blondin-Andrew Liberal
Nunatsiaq Jack Anawak Liberal
Yukon Audrey McLaughlin New Democrat

By-elections

By-election Date Incumbent Party Winner Party Cause Retained
Hamilton East June 17, 1996 Sheila Copps      Liberal Sheila Copps      Liberal Resignation Yes
Humber—St. Barbe—Baie Verte March 25, 1996 Brian Tobin      Liberal Gerry Byrne      Liberal Resignation Yes
Labrador March 25, 1996 Bill Rompkey      Liberal Lawrence D. O'Brien      Liberal Resignation Yes
Etobicoke North March 25, 1996 Roy MacLaren      Liberal Roy Cullen      Liberal Resignation Yes
Lac-Saint-Jean March 25, 1996 Lucien Bouchard      Bloc Québécois Stéphan Tremblay      Bloc Québécois Resignation after being elected leader of the Parti Quebecois and Premier of Quebec following the resignation of Jacques Parizeau Yes
Papineau—Saint-Michel March 25, 1996 André Ouellet      Liberal Pierre Pettigrew      Liberal Resignation Yes
Saint-Laurent—Cartierville March 25, 1996 Shirley Maheu      Liberal Stéphane Dion      Liberal Called to the Senate Yes
Ottawa—Vanier February 13, 1995 Jean-Robert Gauthier      Liberal Mauril Bélanger      Liberal Resignation Yes
Brome—Missisquoi February 13, 1995 Gaston Péloquin      Bloc Québécois Denis Paradis      Liberal Death (car accident) No
Saint-Henri—Westmount February 13, 1995 David Berger      Liberal Lucienne Robillard      Liberal Resignation Yes


References

  1. ^ http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/Files/Parliament.aspx?Item=421af128-812f-4cfb-a018-6ff76ce7a98e&Language=E&MenuID=Lists.Parliament.aspx&MenuQuery=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Fparlinfo%2FLists%2FParliament.aspx&Section=PartyStandingsSEN
  2. ^ Members of the Canadian Senate are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and remain as Senators until the age of 75, even if the House of Commons has been dissolved or an election has been called.
  • Government of Canada. "26th Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  • Government of Canada. "35th Parliament". Members of the House of Commons: 1867 to Date: By Parliament. Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2006-11-30.
  • Government of Canada. "Duration of Sessions". Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
  • Government of Canada. "General Elections". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-05-04. Retrieved 2006-05-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Government of Canada. "Key Dates for each Parliament". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2005-09-14. Retrieved 2006-05-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Government of Canada. "Leaders of the Opposition in the House of Commons". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2006-05-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Government of Canada. "Party Standings (1974 to date): At the Senate". Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  • Government of Canada. "Prime Ministers of Canada". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 2006-05-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  • Government of Canada. "Speakers". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-09-17. Retrieved 2006-05-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Succession