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List of state leaders in 1909

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This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1909.

Africa

Dervish state (unrecognized state) –
- Monarch - Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Leader of the Dervish State (1896–1920)
Ethiopia –
- Monarch - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1913)
- Chief Minister - Habte Giyorgis Dinagde, Chief Minister of Ethiopia (1909–1927)
Liberia –
- President - Arthur Barclay, President of Liberia (1904–1912)
Morocco –
- Monarch - Abd al-Hafid of Morocco, Sultan of Morocco (1908–1912)
Wadai Empire –
- Monarch -
  1. Dud Murra, Kolak of Wadai (1901–1909)
  2. 'Asil, Kolak of Wadai (1909–1912)

Asia

Afghanistan –
- Monarch - Habibullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1901–1919)
Asir –
- Monarch - Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi, Emir of Asir (1906–1923)
Bhutan –
- Monarch - Ugyen Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo of Bhutan (1907–1926)^[1]
- Prime Minister - Ugyen Dorji, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1907–1916)
Bukhara –
- Monarch - 'Abd al-Ahad Khan, Emir of Bukhara (1885–1911)
China –
- Emperor - Puyi, Emperor of China (1908–1912)
Hejaz (unrecognized state) –
- Monarch - Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz (1908–1924)^[2]
Jabal Shammar –
- Monarch - Saʿūd bin Hammūd, Emir of Jabal Shammar (1908–1910)
Japan –
- Monarch - Mutsuhito, Emperor of Japan (1867–1912)
- Prime Minister - Katsura Tarō, Prime Minister of Japan (1908–1911)
Khiva –
- Monarch - Muhammad Rahim Bahadur II, Khan of Khiva (1864–1910)
Korean Empire –
- Monarch - Sunjong, Emperor of Korea (1907–1910)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ye Wanyong, Prime Minister of Korea (1907–1909)
  2. Pak Chesoon, Prime Minister of Korea (1909–1910)
Muscat and Oman –
- Monarch - Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1888–1913)
Nejd and Hasa –
- Monarch - Ibn Saud, Emir of Nejd and Hasa (1902–1953)^[3]
Nepal –
- Monarch - Prithvi, King of Nepal (1881–1911)
- Prime Minister - Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Prime Minister of Nepal (1901–1929)
Ottoman Empire –
- Monarch -
  1. Abdul Hamid II, Emperor of the Ottomans (1876–1909)
  2. Mehmed V, Emperor of the Ottomans (1909–1918)
- Head of Government -
  1. Kâmil Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1909)
  2. Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1909)
  3. Ahmet Tevfik Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1909)
  4. Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1909–1910)
Persia –
- Monarch -
  1. Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (1907–1909)
  2. Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (1909–1925)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ahmad Moshir al-Saltaneh, Prime Minister of Persia (1908–1909)
  2. Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh, Prime Minister of Persia (1909)
  3. Javad Sa'd al-Dowleh, Prime Minister of Persia (1909)
  4. Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni, Prime Minister of Persia (1909–1910)
Rajpipla State - Chhatrasinhji (1897-1915)
Siam
- Monarch – Chulalongkorn, King of Siam (1868–1910)

Europe

Andorra –
- Monarchs -
  - French Co-Prince - Armand Fallières, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1906–1913)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Charles Romeu (1887–1933)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Juan Benlloch i Vivó, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1907–1919)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Francesc Pallerola i Gabriel (1886–1915)
- First Syndic - Pere Moles, First Syndic of Andorra (1906–1911)
Austria-Hungary –
- Monarch - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848-1916)
- Heads of Government -
  - Cisleithania (Austria) - Count Richard von Bienerth-Schmerling, Minister-President of Austria (1908–1911)
  - Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (Hungary) - Sándor Wekerle, Prime Minister of Hungary (1906–1910)
Belgium –
- Monarch -
  1. Leopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  2. Albert I, King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
- Prime Minister - Frans Schollaert, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1908–1911)
Bulgaria –
- Monarch - Ferdinand I, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1887–1918)^[4]
- Premier - Aleksandar Malinov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1908–1911)
Denmark –
- Monarch - Frederick VIII, King of Denmark (1906–1912)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Niels Neergaard, Council President of Denmark (1908–1909)
  2. Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg, Council President of Denmark (1909)
  3. Carl Theodor Zahle, Council President of Denmark (1909–1910)
France –
- President - Armand Fallières, President of France (1906–1913)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Georges Clemenceau, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1906–1909)
  2. Aristide Briand, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1909–1911)
Germany –
- Monarch - Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
- Head of Government -
  1. Bernhard von Bülow, Chancellor of Germany (1900–1909)
  2. Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, Chancellor of Germany (1909–1917)
Greece –
- Monarch - George I, King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Georgios Theotokis, Prime Minister of Greece (1905–1909)
  2. Dimitrios Rallis, Prime Minister of Greece (1909)
  3. Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis, Prime Minister of Greece (1909–1910)
Italy –
- Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Giovanni Giolitti, Prime Minister of Italy (1906–1909)
  2. Sidney Sonnino, Prime Minister of Italy (1909–1910)
Liechtenstein –
- Monarch - Johann II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1859–1929)
Luxembourg –
- Monarch - William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1905–1912)
- Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1888–1915)
Monaco –
- Monarch - Albert I, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1889–1922)
Montenegro –
- Monarch - Nicholas I, King of Montenegro (1860–1918)^[5]
Netherlands –
- Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)^[6]
- Prime Minister - Theo Heemskerk, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1908–1913)
Norway –
- Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[6]
- Prime Minister - Gunnar Knudsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1908–1910)
Portugal –
- Monarch - Manuel II, King of Portugal (1908–1910)
- Head of Government -
  1. Artur Alberto de Campos Henriques, Prime Minister of Portugal (1908–1909)
  2. Sebastião Custódio de Sousa Teles, Prime Minister of Portugal (1909)
  3. Venceslau de Sousa Pereira de Lima, Prime Minister of Portugal (1909)
  4. Francisco da Veiga Beirão, Prime Minister of Portugal (1909–1910)
Romania –
- Monarch - Carol I, King of Romania (1866–1914)
- Premier -
  1. Dimitrie Sturdza, Prime Minister of Romania (1907–1909)
  2. Ion I. C. Brătianu, Prime Minister of Romania (1909–1910)
Russian Empire –
- Emperor - Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia (1894–1917)
- Prime Minister - Pyotr Stolypin, Prime Minister of Russia (1906–1911)
San Marino –
- Captains Regent -
  1. Olinto Amati and Raffaele Michetti, Captains Regent of San Marino (1908–1909)
  2. Luigi Tonnini and Domenico Suzzi Valli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1909)
  3. Marino Borbiconi and Giacomo Marcucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1909–1910)
Serbia –
- Monarch - Peter I, King of Serbia (1903–1918)^[7]
- Prime Minister -
  1. Petar Velimirović, President of the Ministerial Council of Serbia (1908–1909)
  2. Stojan Novaković, President of the Ministerial Council of Serbia (1909)
  3. Nikola Pašić, President of the Ministerial Council of Serbia (1909–1911)
Spain –
- Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Antonio Maura, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1907–1909)
  2. Segismundo Moret, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1909–1910)
Sweden –
- Monarch – Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
- Prime Minister - Arvid Lindman, Prime Minister of Sweden (1906–1911)
Switzerland –
- Federal Council:^[8]
  Adolf Deucher (1883–1912, President), Eduard Müller (1895–1919), Ernst Brenner (1897–1911), Robert Comtesse (1899–1912), Marc-Émile Ruchet (1899–1912), Ludwig Forrer (1902-1917), Josef Anton Schobinger (1908–1911)
United Kingdom –
- Monarch - Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom (1901–1910)
- Prime Minister - H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1908–1916)

North America

Canada –
- Monarch - Edward VII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1901–1910)
- Governor General - Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, Governor General of Canada (1904–1911)
- Prime Minister - Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada (1896–1911)
Costa Rica –
- President - Cleto González Víquez, President of Costa Rica (1906–1910)
Cuba –
- occupied by the United States until 6 February 1909
- Governor - Charles Edward Magoon, Provisional Governor of Cuba (1906–1909)
- President - José Miguel Gómez, President of Cuba (1909–1913)
Dominican Republic –
- President - Ramón Cáceres, President of the Dominican Republic (1905–1911)
El Salvador –
- President - Fernando Figueroa, President of El Salvador (1907–1911)
Guatemala –
- President - Manuel Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898–1920)
Haiti –
- President - François C. Antoine Simon, President of Haiti (1908–1911)
Honduras –
- President - Miguel R. Dávila, President of Honduras (1907–1911)
Mexico –
- President - Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (1884–1911)
Newfoundland –
- Monarch - Edward VII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1901–1910)
- Governor -
  1. William MacGregor, Governor of Newfoundland (1904–1909)
  2. Ralph Champneys Williams, Governor of Newfoundland (1909–1913)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Robert Bond, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1907–1909)
  2. Sir Edward Patrick Morris, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1909–1917)
Nicaragua –
- President -
  1. José Santos Zelaya, President of Nicaragua (1893–1909)
  2. José Madriz, President of Nicaragua (1909–1910)
Panama –
- President - José Domingo de Obaldía, President of Panama (1908–1910)
United States –
- President -
  1. Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States (1901–1909)
  2. William Howard Taft, President of the United States (1909–1913)

Oceania

Australia –
- Monarch - Edward VII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1901–1910)
- Governor-General - William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley, Governor-General of Australia (1908–1911)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Andrew Fisher, Prime Minister of Australia (1908–1909)
  2. Alfred Deakin, Prime Minister of Australia (1909–1910)
New Zealand –
- Monarch - Edward VII, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1901–1910)
- Governor - William Plunket, Governor of New Zealand (1904–1910)
- Prime Minister - Joseph Ward, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1906–1912)

South America

Argentina –
- President - José Figueroa Alcorta, President of Argentina (1906–1910)
Bolivia –
- President -
  1. Ismael Montes, President of Bolivia (1904–1909)
  2. Eliodoro Villazón, President of Bolivia (1909–1913)
Brazil –
- President -
  1. Afonso Pena, President of Brazil (1906–1909)
  2. Nilo Peçanha, President of Brazil (1909–1910)
Chile –
- President - Pedro Montt, President of Chile (1906–1910)
Colombia –
- President -
  1. Rafael Reyes, President of Colombia (1904–1909)
  2. Ramón González Valencia, President of Colombia (1909–1910)
Ecuador –
- President - Eloy Alfaro, President of Ecuador (1906–1911)
Paraguay –
- President - Emiliano González Navero, President of Paraguay (1908–1910)
Peru –
- President - Augusto B. Leguía, President of Peru (1908–1912)
Uruguay –
- President - Claudio Williman, President of Uruguay (1907–1911)
Venezuela –
- President - Juan Vicente Gómez, President of Venezuela (1908–1913)

References

^ Ugyen Wangchuck was Druk Gyalpo until 1926, but the Kingdom of Bhutan was only sovereign until 1910.
^ Hussein bin Ali was Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and King of Hejaz from 1916.
^ Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
^ Bulgaria only became independent in 1908.
^ Montenegro was only recognized as an independence state in 1878.
^ ^a ^b In exile between 1940 and 1945.
^ Peter I was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918 and King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1921.
^ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

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