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List of current non-sovereign African monarchs

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by John of Reading (talk | contribs) at 08:55, 29 September 2023 (Typo fixing, replaced: traditionnal → Traditional - per the visible headline of the cited page; other typos and small copyedits.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For current sovereign monarchs, see List of current sovereign monarchs.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of reigning non-sovereign monarchs, including traditional rulers and governing constitutional monarchs, but not the kings of Lesotho, Morocco and Eswatini. Each monarch listed below reigns over a legally recognised dominion located internally within a sovereign state, but in most cases possess little or no sovereign governing power themselves. Their titles, however, are recognised by the state. Entries are listed beside their respective dominions, and are grouped by country.

Background

The roles, powers, and influence of non-sovereign monarchs throughout Africa vary greatly depending on the state. In some states, such as Angola, the local king may place an integral role in the local governing council of a region, such is the case with the king of Bailundo,[1] or on a smaller level, such as many of the Fons of Cameroon, they may be seen as leaders or heads of a particular town, settlement, or village.[2] They are often regarded as custodians of tradition and culture, and in some cases, play an important role in local religious activities (such as in Benin, where some of the kings double as heads of Vodun cults and are believed to have spiritual powers).[3][4]

Their relationship with the national government of which their respective realm sits within can be complex. Particularly influential monarchs are often sought after by local politicians and elected leaders for support,[5][6] while others have contentious relationships with their national governments. In some cases, the national government has stepped in to curtail the influence of non-sovereign monarchs (such as when Chadian government suspended the powers of the Ouaddai sultan in 2022, or when the emir of Kano was deposed by the regional government).[7][8]

List of constituent African monarchs

State Polity Title Monarch Since House Succession Refs
 Angola Bailundo King/Soma inene Tchongolola Tchongonga Ekuikui VI 2021 Hereditary and Elective [9][10]
Cuito King Bingo Bingo Hereditary [11]
Baixa de Cassanje Dianhenga Aspirante Mjinji Kulaxingo Hereditary [12]
Huambo (Wambu) King Artur Moço [13][14]
Kongo Manikongo Mfumu Mukongo Afonso Méndes Hereditary [citation needed]
Lunda-Tchokwe vacant Hereditary [citation needed]
Luvale Queen Nhakatole Chilombo Tchissengo 2004 Nhakatole Hereditary [15]
Mbunda Mwene Mbandu III Mbandu Lifuti 2008 Hereditary [citation needed]
Ndongo Ngola Buba Nvula Dala Mana Cabombo Hereditary [16]
Ombada yo Mungo King Zeferino Satona [17]
Ombala ya Nalueque King Mário Satipamba
Nganguela King Tchinhama Mwene Vunongue VIII Manuel Ndala 2019 Hereditary [18]
Viye oSoma Afonso Viti Hereditary and Elective [19]
Zombo King vacant Hereditary [citation needed]
 Benin Abomey (Dahomey) [bj 1] Ahosu Dada Dèwènondè Gbéhanzin [bj 2] 22 January 2022 Aladaxonou [bj 3] Hereditary and Elective [20]
Abomey-Calavi King Kpôton Avoumbè Gbesso Allodji III [21]
Ahouannonzoun King Abmomansoatin Kponan [citation needed]
Akassato King Zounfon [22]
Ardra Ahosu Kpodégbé Djigla 2 December 1992 Agasuvi [bj 3] Hereditary [23]
Agonlin King/Dada Dada Agonlinhossou Yèto Kandji 24 February 1993 Yèto [24]
Avrankou King/Dada Latchèholou Guidimadjegbé [bw 1] [25][26]
Azovè King Aklamakou-Zokou[bw 2] [27][28]
Banikoara King Nasounon [25]
Cana King/Dada Langanfin Glélé Aïhotogbé[bw 3] [29]
Comè King Togbé Akati II Djidjilévo [30]
Dahé King/Dada Dada Awiyan Kokpon Houdegbe [31]
Dassa Oba Egbakotan II Dassa [bj 4] Hereditary [23]
Djougou King Kpétoni Koda VI [32]
Dogbo King Towanou II [27]
Ganvié King Houéton Ahoumbè [22]
Guin ethnic group in Benin Guin Fiogan Nii Kouété Nicoué Kpatakpatakou II 4 October 2020 [33]
Houégbo King Gbedonouzo Atchudji [22]
Houéyogbé King Agassa Adanyroh Guèdèhounguè [34]
Karimama Ango Amadou 14 April 2000 Dandaoudou Hereditary [citation needed]
Kèrè Oba Ariy [27]
Ketu Oba Alaro Alade-Ife 17 December 2005 Alaketu [bj 4] Hereditary [23]
Kika King Kika Toko Salifou Kouma[bw 4] [35]
Kinto and the Houézènou people King Adjiwatonou Yèwa Hondogbè Kpèdo III [36]
Kpanhouingnan King Aglimasse
Kpomassè King Olota [37]
Kouandé Bangana Sourou III 28 September 2004 Bangana [bj 5] Hereditary and Elective [23][38]
Manigri King Djaboutouboutou [25]
N'Dali King Daari Sounon Swanrou [39]
Naogon King Dah Gandaho Kini Dégbé [40]
Natitingou King Yane Sotima [41]
Nikki Sinaboko Chabi Naina III 2014 Sinaboko [bj 5] Hereditary and Elective [42]
Ouémé Valley King Signon Oba Adékiyiloumon [citation needed]
Ouidah King Mito-Daho Kpassenon Kpassè [bj 3] Hereditary [23]
Paouingnan King Gbèdégbé Adda Sèhoto IIII [43]
Parakou King Akpaki Boukou Kinnin II[bj 6] 12 September 2012 Kobourou [bj 7] Hereditary and Elective [44][45]
Péhunco Sinagonrigui Kpéï Sourou [bj 8] 13 August 2004 Sinagonrigui Hereditary [citation needed]
Porto-Novo[bj 9] Ahosu
  • Toffa IX Gbêzé Ayontinmè [bj 10]
  • Kpodagba Lokpon VIII
 Agasuvi [bj 3] Hereditary [23][46]
Savé Oba Adetutu Akinmou Akikenju VI [bj 11] Onisabe [bj 4] Hereditary [23]
Savalou King Dada Ganfon Gbaguidi XV [47]
Tori-Bossito King Odjaka Kinidégbé Gbozèkpa Gbèna [48]
Wèmè-Tosso King Tossoholou Zoundjè Wandji Ganmasizo Toli Yélian [35]
Zinvié Yevié King Adjihinto [25]
 Botswana[bw 5] Bakgatla Kgosikgolo Kgafela II [bw 6] 20 September 2008 Masilo Hereditary [49][50]
Bakwêna Kgosikgolo Kgari III [bw 7] 17 August 2002 [bw 8] Hereditary [49][51]
Balete Kgosigadi Mosadi [bw 9] 7 January 2002 [bw 10] Badimo Hereditary [49][52]
Bamangwato Kgosikgolo Ian Khama [bw 11] 5 May 1979 Masilo Hereditary [49][53]
Bangwaketse Kgosikgolo Malope II a Gaseitsiwe [bw 12] 5 August 2010 [bw 13] Hereditary [49][54][55]
Barolong Kgosikgolo Lotlamoreng II [bw 14] 23 February 2002 [bw 15] Morolong Hereditary [56]
Batawana Kgosigadi Kealitile [bw 16] 28 January 2004 Masilo Hereditary [49][57]
Batlôkwa Kgosikgolo Puso Gaborone 30 May 2006 [bw 17] Gaborone Hereditary [49][58]
 Burkina Faso Boussouma Naaba Sigri 10 August 2019 Hereditary [59]
Diébougou King Quattara Sié Félix 2007 [citation needed]
Djibo Emir Boubacari Dicko [60]
Fada N'gourma (Gulmu) King Elective [61][62]
Liptako[bf 2] Emir Ousmane Amirou Dicko [63]
Obiré King Gan [64]
Tangzougou (Gourcy) Naaba Baongo de Gourcy 27 August 2011 [65][66]
Tenkodogo (Zougrantenga) Naaba Guiguem-Pollé (Djiguampole) 2016 [67]
Wogodogo (Ouagadougou) Mogho Naba Baongo II 1983 Hereditary [68]
Yagha Emir Boureima Ly [69]
Yatenga Naaba Kiiba [70]
 Burundi Burundi Mwami vacant Ntwero Hereditary
 Cameroon Adié Chief William Ndong Tchombè [71]
Bafaw and Kumba Nfon/Paramount chief Nfon Mukete Ekoko IV [72]
Bafut Fon Abumbi II [73]
Bali Nyonga Fon Dr. Doh Ganyonga III
Bamoun Nfon/King/Sultan Mouhamed Nabil Nfonrifoum Mbombo Njoya 10 October 2021 Hereditary [74][75]
Bamoungoum Chief Moumbe Fotso Mitterand [76]
Bana Fon Sikam Happi V [77][73]
Bandjoun Chief Honoré Djomo Kamga [75]
Bangangté King/Chief Nji Monluh Seidou Pokam [78][79]
Bangoua Chief Julio Djampou Tchatchouang [80]
Banyo Lamido Banyo Mohaman Gabdo Yaya [81]
Dibombari Traditional chief Toto Bekombo Théodore Chef [82]
Edinding Chief Tsala Ndjomo Guy [83]
Fontem Fon Asabaton Fontem Njifua [84]
Garoua Lamido Ibrahim El Rachidine [85]
Kom Fon Clement Ndzi II [86]
Logone-Birni Sultan Mahamat Bahar Marouf [75]
Mandara Sultan Hamidu Umar 18 March 1942 Hereditary
Mankon Fon Asaah Fru Angwafor IV 7 June 2022 [87]
Meiganga Lamido Moussa Sabo [75]
Maroua Lamido Bakary Yerima Bouba Alioum [73]
Mogode Lamido Alhadji Isse Tize [73]
Mokolo Lamido Yacouba Mohamadou Mourtalla [73]
Nso Fon Sehm Mbinglo II [84][88]
Rey Bouba Lamido Abdoulaye [75]
Sawa and Bell King Jean Yves Eboumbou [89]
Widikum Fon Fongum Gorji Dinka [90]
Second degree chiefdoms Abuh Fon Clement Fonkwah Mbeng [91]
Anyajua Fon Nsom Johnson Chongsi [91]
Babungo Fon Ndofoa Zofoa III [73]
Bafmeng Fon Francis Aneng [92]
Bafoussam Chef supérieur Njitack Ngompe Pelé [93]
Baleveng Chef supérieur Guemgni Gaston [94]
Bamendjinda Chef supérieur Tanefo Jean Marie [94]
Bamendou King Gabriel Tsidie [95]
Bamendjou King/Fo'o Jean Rameau Sokoudjou [96]
Berabe Fon Emmanuel Bami [97]
Batoufam Chief Nayang Toukam Innocent [98]
Bazou King Vincent Tchoua Kemajou de Bazou [99]
Belo Fon Peter Ndong Abang [91]
Binka Fon Nfor Samuel Hombome [100]
Buku Fon Lenge Joseph Eku [101]
Bum Fon Kwanga Peter Yai [91]
Djottin Fon Joseph Nfon Tayen Ngam Nfii II [102][91]
Fundong Fon Diang Zacheus [91]
Kiluun Fon Njoyir II [103]
Kungi Fon Yaya Musa Gamje Budi 2007 [104]
Mbem Fon Samuel Ngwim Ngabum [105]
Mbessa Fon Njong Gilbert II [88]
Mbiame Fon Nwe II [106]
Mbot Fon Shey Barnabas Mbunwe II [107]
Mfe Fon Chepnda Ronald 2022 [108]
Ndu Fon Nfor Nformi [109]
Njinikom Fon Ngeh Francis [91]
Nkamchi Fon Richard Chefon [91][110]
Nkambé Fon Nji Amidu [111]
Nkar Fon Molo II [cam 1] [112]
Ngarum Fon Nganji IV 2018 [113]
Nseh Fon Senyuy Oliver N. Fonban II [91][114]
Oku Fon Ngum IV [cam 2] [115]
Tabenken Fon Ngwayi Polycarp Ndiborti [116]
Talla Fon Isaac Nfor Bassa 2010 [117]
Weh Fon Mbuh II
 Central African Republic Bangassou Sultan Maxime Faustin Mbringa Takama 2011 Hereditary [118]
Birao / Vakaga Sultan Ahmad Moustapha Am-Gabo [119]
Dar al Kuti / N'Délé Sultan Ibrahim Kamoun Senoussi 2014 Hereditary [119][120]
Rafai Sultan Joseph Hetman el Roosalem Hereditary
 Chad Baguirmi Mbang Mahamat Yusuf 14 June 1970 Baguirmi Hereditary [121]
Ouaddai Sultan Cherif Abdelhadi Mahdi August 2019 Maba Hereditary [122]
 Congo Loango vacant 23 December 2020 Loango Hereditary and Elective [123]
 Congo Democratic Republic Babungwe Mwami Sindi Charles Sami III Hereditary
Bafiluru Mwami Ndare III Simba Kalingishi Adams Hereditary
Bahunde Mwami Kalinda Nicolas Hereditary
Bakwa Luntu Queen Diambi Kabatusuila [124]
Barundi Mwami Richard Nijinbere Kinyoni III Ndabagoye Hereditary
Basanga Mulopwe Mathieu Pembamoto Kyala Hereditary
Basile Mwami Kalega Riziki Lwango II Lucien Hereditary
Bashu Mwami Abdul Paluku Kalemire III Hereditary
Buhavu Mwami Kamirogosa III Shosho Ntale Franc Hereditary
Bukumu Mwami Kahembe IV Isaac Butsitsi Hereditary
Burhunyi Mwami Muganga Bulala II Richard Hereditary
Buzi Mwami Sangara Amri Hubert II Hereditary
Bwisha Mwami Jean Baptiste Ndeze Rekatubere Hereditary
Garengaze Mwami M'siri Mwenda VIII Bantu Godefroid Munongo Hereditary
Kabare Mwami Nabushi Désiré Kabare Rugemaninzi II Hereditary
Kakwa David Tsukia Likambo Hereditary
Kasongo Lunda Kiamvu Frederic Inkani Hereditary
Kaziba Mulopwe Mwami Dirk Majiri IV Nakaziba Chimanye Hereditary
Kuba Nyim Kot a Mbweeki III Hereditary
Luba vacant Hereditary
Luhwindja Mulopwe Mwami Naluhwindja Tony Chibwire V Hereditary
Lunda Mushid III Hereditary
Mayogo Magbaie Justin Somana Hereditary
Nweshe Mulopwe Mwami Ngweshe XV Pierre Ndatabaye Weza III Hereditary
Ntambuka Mulopwe Mwami Ntambuka Balekage Mihigo III Roger Hereditary
Rubenga Rubenga Hereditary
Vira Mulopwe Mwami Lwegeleza III Hereditary
Wamuzimu Mulopwe Mwami Longangi IV Nen'Ilungu Kampangalasa Hereditary
 Equatorial Guinea Bubi vacant [af 1] 15 November 2001 Bahítáari Hereditary [125]
 Ethiopia Aussa Royal Chief Akula [126] 19 September 2020 Hereditary [127]
 Gabon Benga King Marcel Nkombouet [128]
Orungu Mbongo Ntchounga Hereditary
 Gambia Fuladugu Farli Baldeh 1997 Hereditary
The Gambia & Kombo North District Paramount chief Alhaji Momodou Bojang Hereditary [129]
 Ghana Akuapem Okuapehene Oseadeeyo Kwasi Akuffo III 3 May 2020 Hereditary
Akyem Abuakwa Osagyefuo Amoatia Ofori Panin 4 October 1999 Hereditary
Aowin Omanhene Beyeman Brentum III Western Regional House of Chiefs Hereditary
Ashanti Otumfuo, the Asantehene Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II 26 April 1999 Oyoko and President of the Ashanti Regional House of Chiefs Hereditary
Ashanti Akyem Hwidiem Saamanhene (Divisional Chief/Prince) Nana Òkofrobòur Ababio II August 7th 2015 Hereditary
Asogli Agbogbomefia Togbe Afede XIV 4 October 2003 Volta Regional House of Chiefs Hereditary
Dagbon Overlord Yaa Naa Bukali Mahama II January 18, 2019 Andani and Northern Regional House of Chiefs Hereditary
Dormaa Omanhene Osagyefo Oseadeeyo Agyemang-Badu II Brong Ahafo Regional House of Chiefs Hereditary
Gonja King Yagbongurwa Tuntumba Sulemana Jakpa Bore Essa I 2010 Northern Regional House of Chiefs Hereditary
Gbi Fiaga/Paramount Chief Togbega gabusu VI 25 May 1989, d. 18 January 2020 Torkoni Clan, Divisional Chief of Gbi-Hohoe, Volta Regional House of Chiefs Hereditary
Gbi Divisional Chief/Prince Togbe Osei III 2002 Gbi-Godenu Hereditary
Mankessim Omanhene Osagyefo Amanfo Edu IV of Fante Central Regional House of Chiefs Hereditary
Sefwi Anhiawso Omanhene Ogyeahohoo Yaw Gyebi II Western North Regional House of Chiefs Hereditary
Sefwi Bekwai Omanhene Odeneho Gyapong Ababio II Western North Regional House of Chiefs Hereditary
Sefwi Wiawso Omanhene Katakyie Kwasi Bumankamah II Western North Regional House of Chiefs Hereditary
Sefwi Wiawso Tufohene/Divisional Chief/Prince Oheneba Nana Kwame Obeng II 3 June 2016 Sefwi Obeng-Mim Hereditary
Sefwi Chirano Omanhene Okogyeaman Kwaku Gyamprah III Western North Regional House of Chiefs Hereditary
Suaman Omanhene Odeneho Bentum IV Western North Regional House of Chiefs Hereditary
 Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Paramount chief Agosto Fernandes Hereditary [129]
 Ivory Coast Kru chiefdoms King David, His Majesty King Tchiffi Zae Jean-Gervais [130][131]
Sanwi King of Sanwi Amon N'Douffou V 5 August 2005 Hereditary
 Kenya Wanga Peter Mumia II 1980 Hereditary
 Liberia Nimba Franklin D. Toweh Hereditary
 Madagascar Madagascar King vacant Hova Hereditary
Sakalava Bemazaba Nosy Faly King Tsiaraso IV Rachidy 1993 Hereditary [132]
Sakalava Bemihisatra of Analalava Mpanjaka Zalifa Bente Salim 2017 Hereditary
Sakalava Bemihisatra of Nosy Be vacant Hereditary
Sakalava Menabe vacant 2017 Hereditary
 Malawi Jere Inkosi ya Makosi M'mbelwa V June 1996 Ngoni Hereditary and Elective [133]
Lomwe [af 2] Paramount Chief Mkhumba 25 October 2008 Mihavani Elective and Hereditary [134]
Mang'anja Lundu Nkhuku 2002 Lundu [af 3] Hereditary and Elective [135]
Maseko Inkosi ya Makosi Gomani V [af 4] 26 September 2009 Ngoni Hereditary and Elective [136]
Ngonde Ntemi Kyungu September 2007 Kyungu Elective and Hereditary [137]
Tumbuka Themba la Mathemba Chikulamayembe September 2007 Chikulamayembe Elective and Hereditary [137]
Yao [af 2] Paramount Chief Chikowi 15 February 2009 Yao Elective and Hereditary [citation needed]
 Mali Liptako[bf 2] Emir Ousmane Amirou Dicko Hereditary

[63]

Mali Mansa vacant Keita Hereditary
 Mauritania Tagant Emir Mohamed Ould Abderrahmane February 2003 Idawi Hereditary [138]
Trarza Emir Muhammad Fall wuld `Umayr Ḥassān Hereditary [citation needed]
 Namibia Afrikaner Kaptein Eduard Afrikaner 24 July 2016 Oorlam [na 1] Hereditary and Elective [139]
Bakgalagadi Kgosi Hubert Ditshabue 18 April 1992 Kgalagadi Hereditary and Elective [140]
Baster Kaptein John McNab January 1999 N/A Elective [na 2] [141]
Berseba [na 3] Kaptein
  • Stephanus Goliath
  • Johannes Isaak
 24 April 2010 [na 4]
  • Goliath
  • Isaak
 Elective and Hereditary [142]
Bethanie [na 5] Kaptein Dawid Frederiks 1 June 1984 Frederiks Hereditary and Elective [140]
Bondelswarts Kaptein Anna Christiaan [na 6] 20 May 1977 !Gami-nun [na 1] Hereditary and Elective [140][143]
Damara Gaob Justus ǁGaroëb September 1993 [na 7] N/A Elective [140]
Gciriku Hompa Kassian Shiyambi 14 May 1999 Gciriku [na 8] Hereditary and Elective [140]
Hai-om ’Aiha David Khamuxab 17 December 2000 [na 9] Hai-om [na 10] Elective and Hereditary [144]
Hawoben vacant [na 11] 4 March 2009 Hawoben [na 1] Elective and Hereditary [140][145]
Herero Ombara vacant Ovaherero Elective and Hereditary [140][146]
Hoachanas [na 12] Kaptein Petrus Simon Moses Kooper 3 December 1988 Kooper Hereditary and Elective [140]
Ju’hoansi ’Aiha Tsamkxao Oma 5 July 1990 Ju’hoa [na 10] Elective and Hereditary
!Kung ’Aiha John Arnold 28 February 1990 !Kung [na 10] Elective and Hereditary
Mafwe Litunga Mamili VII [na 13] 18 April 1999 Mamili [na 14] Hereditary and Elective
Masubiya Munitenge Liswani III [na 15] 19 August 1996 Subiya Hereditary and Elective
Mayeyi Shikati Boniface Sifu 1 August 1993 Yeyi Hereditary and Elective
Mbukushu Fumu Erwin Mbambo Munika 3 May 1991 Mbukushu [na 8] Hereditary and Elective
Mbunza Hompa Frans Haingura Muronga 25 May 1996 Mbunza [na 8] Hereditary and Elective
Ombalantu Elenga Oswin Shifiona Mukulu 13 May 1983 Mbalantu [na 16] Hereditary and Elective
Ombandja Elenga Mathias Walaula 29 March 2004 Mbandja [na 16] Hereditary and Elective [147]
Ondonga Omukwaniilwa Fillemon Shuumbwa Nangolo 14 April 2019 Ndonga [na 16] Hereditary and Elective [140]
Ongandjera Omukwaniilwa Japhet Malenga Munkundi 16 November 1971 Ngandjera [na 16] Hereditary and Elective
Shambyu Hompa Angelina Matumbo Ribebe 19 May 1989 Sambyu [na 8] Hereditary and Elective
Topnaar Kaptein Seth Kooitjie 28 June 1980 Aonin [na 1] Elective and Hereditary
Swartbooi Kaptein Daniël Luipert 15 November 1986 Khau-goa [na 1] Elective and Hereditary
Uukolonkadhi Elenga David Shooya 27 June 1985 Kolonkhadi [na 16] Hereditary and Elective
Uukwaluudhi Omukwaniilwa Shikongo Taapopi [na 17] 20 September 1960 Kwaluudhi [na 16] Hereditary and Elective
Uukwambi Elenga Herman Iipumbu 10 April 1991 Kwambi [na 16] Hereditary and Elective
Uukwangali Hompa Eugene Siwombe Kudumo 25 April 2015 Kwangali [na 8] Hereditary and Elective
Uukwanyama Ohamba Martha Nelumbu [na 18] 12 November 2005 Kwanyama [na 16] Hereditary and Elective [148]
Vaalgras Kaptein Joel Stephanus 6 April 1975 Oorlam [na 1] Elective and Hereditary [140]
Witbooi [na 19] Kaptein Christian Rooi [na 20] 13 October 2009 Witbooi Hereditary and Elective [149][150]
Namibia Herero chiefs Ovaherero [na 21] Ombara Tuhavi David Kambazembi 17 July 1989 Kambazembi Hereditary and Elective [140]
Ombara Alfons Maharero 1969 [na 22] Maharero Hereditary and Elective
Ombara Christiaan Eerike Zeraua 4 October 1997 Zeraua Hereditary and Elective
Ovahimba Ombara Paulus Tjavara 3 August 1996 Otjikaoko Hereditary and Elective
Ombara vacant [na 23] 31 October 2009 Vita Hereditary and Elective
Ovambanderu Ombara Keharanjo II 9 August 2008 Nguvauva Hereditary and Elective [151]
 Niger Aïr Amenukal Oumarou Ibrahim Oumarou 2012 Tuareg Hereditary and Elective [af 5] [152]
Dosso Djermakoy Maidanda 2000 Djerma Hereditary [153]
Liptako[bf 2] Emir Ousmane Amirou Dicko [63]
Lougou Sarauniya Aljima [154]
Maradi Sarkin Alhaji Ahmed Ali Zaki 5 December 2022 Durbawa [af 6] Elective and Hereditary [155]
Téra Askya Sa'id Amaru 1952 Askiya [af 7] Hereditary [156]
Zinder (Damagaram) Sarkin Aboubakar Oumarou Sanda 2011 Damagaram [af 6] Elective and Hereditary [157][158]
 Nigeria Agbor Dein Benjamin Ikechukwu Kiagborekuzi I 1979 Hereditary and Elective
Ake Oba Adedotun Aremu Gbadebo III 2005 Egba Alake clan dynasty of the Yoruba people Hereditary and Elective [159]
Akure Oba Aladetoyinbo Ogunlade Aladelusi Odundun II 8 July 2015 Omoremilekun Asodeboyede dynasty of the Yoruba people Hereditary and Elective [160]
Benin Oba Ewuare II 2016 Hereditary and Elective
Bida Etsu Yahaya Abubakar 2003 Hereditary and Elective
Borno Shehu Abubakar Ibn Umar Garbai El-Kanemi 2009 Hereditary and Elective
Edem Eze (Agaba-Idu) Nwabueze Annekwempaha Ezea II 16 July 2009 Ezea Ugwoke
Ikateland Oba Saheed Ademola Elegushi, Kusenla II 27 April 2010 Kusenla Hereditary and Elective
Ile Ife Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi Ojaja II 26 October 2015 Giesi of the Oranmiyan dynasty Hereditary and Elective
Ilesa Owa Gabriel Adekunle Aromolaran II Hereditary and Elective
Itele Moyegeso Mufutau Adesanya Kasali Iboriaran I 3 March 2003 Ishagbola of the Moyegeso dynasty-cum-Fidipote, Idewon, Ijebu Ode Hereditary and Elective
Kano Emir Aminu Ado Bayero 9 March 2020 Gidan Dabo Hereditary and Elective
Lagos Oba Rilwan Babatunde Osuolale Aremu Akiolu I 9 August 2003 Hereditary and Elective
Nasarawa Emirate Emir Ibrahim Usman Jibril 2018 Hereditary and Elective
Nembe Amanyanabo Edmund Maduabebe Daukoru, Mingi XII 2008 Hereditary and Elective
Nnewi Igwe Kenneth Onyeneke Orizu III 1963 Hereditary and Elective
Nri Ezre Nri Enweleana II Obidiegwo Onyeso 1988 Hereditary and Elective
Onitsha Obi Nnayelugo Alfred Nnaemeka Achebe 3 June 2002 Onitsha subgroup of the Igbo people Elective [161]
Orlu Gedegwum Igwe Patrick II Acholonu 2009 Hereditary
Oyo Alaafin Hereditary
Sokoto Sultan Sa'adu Abubakar 2006 Hereditary and Elective
Ugbo Kingdom Oba Fredrick Obateru Akinruntan 2009 Adetolugbo Hereditary and Elective
Warri Olu Ogiame Atuwatse III 2021 Hereditary and Elective
 Rwanda Rwanda King of Rwanda Emmanuel Bushayija Yuhi VI 9 January 2017 Abanyiginya Hereditary
 Senegal Oussouye Daniel LauShaun Kipchoge Choubassi-Roberts 18 January 2001 Jola Elective [162]
 Sierra Leone Luawa Mohamed Kailondo Banya Hereditary
Mambolo Sumanoh Kapen Hereditary
Majeerteen Sultanate Boqor Burhan Boqor Muse 24 May 2014 Majeerteen Hereditary [163]
 Somaliland Isaaq Sultanate Sultan Daud Sultan Mahamed 13 February 2021 Rer Guled Hereditary [164]
Habr Yunis Sultanate Sultan Osman Sultan Ali 1979 Rer Ainanshe Hereditary [165]
Habr Je'lo Sultan Abdillahi Sultan Ali Rer Yonis Hereditary [166]
Habr Awal Sultan Hasan Sultan Abdillahi 2009 Ahmed Abdallah Hereditary [167]
Arap Sultan Abdirahman Sultan Omar 15 September 2021 Arap Hereditary [168]
Dhulbahante Garad Jama Garad Ali 24 April 2006 Farah Garad Hereditary [169]
 South Africa Bakwêna [za 1] Morena Moremoholo Mopeli [za 2] 2018 Mopeli Hereditary and Elective [171]
Bapedi Kgosi Thulare Victor Thulare [za 3] 29 July 2010 Maroteng Hereditary and Elective [172][173]
Batlôkwa [za 4] Morena Montoeli Mota 2015 Mota [za 5] Hereditary and Elective [174]
Mpondo [za 6] Kumkani Zanozuko Tyelovuyo Sigcawu 29 July 2010 [za 7] Mqikela [za 8] Hereditary and Elective [178][179]
Kumkani Ndamase Ndamase 8 February 2008 [za 9] Ndamase [za 8] Hereditary and Elective
Ndebele [za 10] Ingwenyama Makhosoke II [za 11] Manala-Mbongo [za 12] Hereditary and Elective [citation needed]
Ingwenyama Mbusi Mahlangu [za 13] 1 July 2005 Ndzundza-Mabhoko [za 14] Hereditary and Elective [178][181][182][183]
Thembu [za 15] Kumkani Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo [za 16] May 1989 [za 17] Dalindyebo [za 18] Hereditary and Elective [178][185]
Kumkani Siyambonga Matanzima [za 19] 31 May 2010 Matanzima [za 18] Hereditary and Elective
Venda [za 20] Thovhele Toni Mphephu Ramabulana 28 November 1998 Ramabulana [za 21] Hereditary and Elective [178][188]
Xhosa [za 22] Kumkani Ahlangene Sigcawu 16 October 2020 Gcaleka [za 23] Hereditary and Elective [178][191]
Kumkani Jonguxolo Sandile 12 July 2020 Rharhabe [za 23] Hereditary and Elective [178][192]
Zulu [za 24] Ingonyama yamaZulu Misuzulu Zulu 7 May 2021 Zulu [za 25] Hereditary and Elective [178][194]
South Africa Venda paramounts Mphaphuli Thovhele Musiiwa Gole Mphaphuli 18 December 2001 Mphaphuli [za 21] Hereditary and Elective [178][188]
Tshivhase Thovhele Kennedy Midiyavhathu Tshivhase 1993 [za 26] Tshivhase [za 21] Hereditary and Elective
South Africa Xhosa paramounts imiDushane Kumkani Ngubesizwe Ludwe Siwane June 2001 Mdushane [za 23] Hereditary and Elective [178][195]
Gasela Kumkani Mabikhwe Zwelandile 14 February 1947 Gasela [za 23] Hereditary and Elective [178]
Gqunukhwebe Inkosi Nkosana Zwelimjongile Kama 14 September 2002 Kama [za 27] Hereditary and Elective [178][196]
Ntinde Kumkani Zwelitsha a Mgcawezulu 16 September 1946 Ntinde [za 23] Hereditary and Elective [178]
Qhayi Kumkani Mabundu Bangelizwe Jali Qhayi [za 23] Hereditary and Elective [178]
South Africa other paramounts Bafokeng Kgosi Leruo Tshekedi Molotlegi April 2000 [za 28] Molotlegi Hereditary and Elective [197][198]
Balobedu vacant [za 29] 12 June 2005 Modjadji [za 30] Hereditary and Elective [za 31] [178][199]
Bhaca King Madzikane II King Ncapai Hereditary and Elective [178][200]
Griqua Paramount Chief Alan Andrew le Fleur 8 November 2005 Le Fleur [za 32] Hereditary and Elective [citation needed]
Paramount Chief Adam Kok V 1991 Kok [za 33] Hereditary and Elective [201]
Hlubi Kumkani Langalibalele II [za 34] 1974 Hadebe Hereditary and Elective [178]
Mpondomise Luzuko Matiwane [za 35] 14 January 2020 Majola Hereditary and Elective [202][203]
Abyei Emir Kuol Deng Kuol 19 February 1976 Ngok [af 8] Hereditary and Elective [204]
Anuak King Adongo Agada Cham 2 May 2001 Nyiudola Hereditary [af 9] [205][206]
Azende Kingdom King Atoroba Rikito Gbudue 9 February 2022 Hereditary [207]
Shilluk Reth Kwongo wad Dak 4 August 1993 [af 10] Kwathker Hereditary and Elective [af 11] [208][209]
 Tanzania Mwene Mbonwean Sultanate of Ujiji Kolo Othman Hamza Malilo II 2017
Shambalai vacant [af 12] 2000 Kilindi Hereditary [210]
Sukuma Ntemi Fumakule-Bunamiko-Ndilanha [af 13] Since 1978, aged nine, to date Ndilanha/Malya/Kina mweri/ Hereditary [211]
 Togo Aného Aputaga Nana Anè Ohiniko Quam Dessou XV 24 March 2012 Adjigo Hereditary and Elective [af 14] [212]
Togbé Ahuawoto Savado Lawson VIII 1 August 2002 Lawson Hereditary and Elective [af 14]
Bè Chief Togbui Mawuko Aklassou Adélan IV
Cokossi Soma Na Bema Soma Hereditary [212]
Notsé King/Chief Togbui Agboli K. F. Agokoli IV [213][214][215]
Glidji Gè Fiogan Sèdégbé Foli Bébé XV 1997 Tugban [af 15] Hereditary [212]
Kotokolia Uro Eso Yusuf Ayeva Uro Eso Hereditary [212]
Tado King Tonawakpon 2012 [216][217]
Togoville King Mlapa V Moyennant Mlapa Hereditary [212]
 Uganda Acholi Rwot Acana II 15 January 2005 [ug 1] Payira Hereditary [218]
Alur [ug 2] Ubimu Olarker Rauni III August 2000 [ug 3] Atyak wi naam Hereditary [218][219]
Ankole Omugabe Ntare VI [ug 4] 20 November 1993 Bahinda Hereditary [220]
Bagwere Ikumbania Kintu Samuku Balamu of Gwere people 10 October 1993 [ug 5] Lukedi Elective monarchy [citation needed]
Basimba Basimba people 10 October 1955 [ug 6] Basimba Hereditary [221]
Bamasaba Umukuka 10 October 2016 [ug 7] Masaba Elective monarchy [222]
Buganda Kabaka Muwenda Mutebi II 24 July 1993 [ug 8] Abalasangeye Hereditary [223][224]
Bunyoro Omukama Solomon Iguru I 24 July 1993 [ug 9] Babito Hereditary [225][226]
Busoga [ug 10] Wilberforce Nadiope IV [ug 11] 5 October 2009 Basoga Elective and Hereditary [ug 12] [227][228][229][230][231][232]
Iteso Emorimor Augustine Osuban 4 May 2000 [ug 13] Elective [218]
Jonam[ug 14] Rwoth Marcellino Olar Ker (although now ousted in March 2013 for self imposition over the Ragem people) 1 March 2008 Hereditary [218]
Kebu Yuu [ug 15] Azzu Ephraim Kebbi 14 June 2008 Yuu [ug 16] origin is not very clear.Elective [218]
Kooki Kamuswaga Kabumbuli II 15 May 2004 Babito [ug 17] Hereditary [218]
Lango Won Nyaci Yosam Odur-Ebii 10 December 2005 [ug 18] [ug 13] Elective [218][233]
Padhola Adhola Moses Stephen Owor 7 August 1999 [ug 19] [ug 13] Elective [218]
Rwenzururu Omusinga Irema-Ngoma I 19 October 2009 [ug 20] Abahira [ug 21] Hereditary [citation needed]
Toro Omukama Rukidi IV 26 August 1995 [ug 22] Babito Hereditary [225]
Uganda Busoga confederates Bugabula Gabula William Nadiope IV 11 February 1995 Kitimbo Hereditary [218][234][235]
Bugweri Menya Frederick Kakaire II 11 February 1995 Menyha Hereditary
Bukooli Wakooli David Muluuya Kawunye 11 February 1995 Wakoli Hereditary
Bukono Nkono Mutyaba Nkono II 11 February 1995 Nkono Hereditary
Bulamogi Zibondo Edward Columbus Wambuzi 3 September 2008 Zibondo Hereditary
Bunya Luba Juma Munulo II 11 February 1995 Hereditary
Bunyole Nanyumba John Ntale Nahnumba 11 February 1995 Hereditary
Busiki Kisiki Yekosofato Kawanguzi 11 February 1995 Igaga Hereditary
Butembe Ntembe Badru Waguma 11 February 1995 Hereditary
Kigulu Ngobi Izimba Golologolo 11 February 1995 Ngobi Hereditary
Luuka Tabingwa Willington Nabwana 11 February 1995 Tabingwa Hereditary
 Zambia [af 16] Barotseland Litunga Lubosi II October 2000 Aluyana [af 17] Hereditary [citation needed]
Bemba Chitimukulu Ackson Mwamba 11 August 2008 Ng'andu Hereditary and Elective [af 18] [236][237]
Chewa His Majesty Kalonga Gawa Undi Mkhomo V [af 19] 2 December 2004 Undi [af 20] Hereditary and Elective [238]
Jere Inkosi ya Makosi Mpezeni IV [af 21] 1981 Ngoni Hereditary and Elective [239]
Kazembe Mwata Kazembe XIX [af 22] 1998 Lunda Hereditary [236]
Nkoya Mwene Kabulwebulwe VI Mukutabafu IV [af 23] 1994 Kabulwebulwe [af 24] Hereditary [citation needed]
Mwene Kahare IX Kubama II 1994 Kahare Hereditary [236]
Mwene Momba Momba Hereditary [citation needed]
Mwene Mutondo XII 1993 Mutondo [af 25] Hereditary
 Zimbabwe Mashonaland East Musarurwa Hereditary
Masvingo Fortune Charumbira Hereditary
Matabeleland North Lukas Mtshane Khumalo Hereditary
Ndabazunduna Ndiweni Ndebele Hereditary

Country notes

Cameroon

See also: Fon (title)

Cameroon's traditional authorities are split into first, second, and third degree chiefdoms. First degree chiefdoms contain at least two second degree chiefdoms, while second degree chiefdoms contain at least two third degree chiefdoms. Third degree chiefdoms generally contain only a village, small rural area or a small part of an urban centre. Some leaders are from ancient, pre-colonial lineages, while others are appointed by political leaders. The extent of authority between traditional authorities varies.[240]

There are around 79 first degree chiefdoms, 875 second degree chiefdoms, and 12,582 third degree chiefdoms.[241][242]

Ghana

The Constitution of the Republic of Ghana establishes the rule of traditional leaders, as well as a National House of Chiefs. All traditional leaders are registered with the National House of Chiefs as well as with the eleven Regional Houses of Chiefs, in accordance with the Chieftaincy (Membership of Regional Houses of Chiefs) Instrument, as published in the Gazette.

Nigeria

For a full list of the extant Nigerian traditional states and their rulers, see List of Nigerian traditional states.

Although Nigeria's traditional monarchs are legally recognized (by way of the numerous Chiefs' Laws), they don't currently have a constitutional role in the country.

South Africa

In 2004, the Mbeki administration established the Commission on Traditional Leadership Disputes and Claims (CTLDC) to determine the legitimacy of the nation's traditional kingships. The purpose of the commission was to reconstruct the institutions of indigenous leadership after their distortion under the colonial and apartheid regimes.[187]

In July 2010, acting on the findings of the commission, the Zuma administration announced that the government would cease recognising a total of six of the thirteen traditional kingships upon the deaths of their incumbent monarchs.[170][243] Their successors would be recognised as "principal traditional leaders", a status yet to be defined. The commission was denounced by several senior traditional leaders, who have taken the government to court in an attempt to reverse the ruling.[176][244][245]

Notes

Africa

  1. ^ The last recognised king was Malabo II, who died in 2001. The throne has remained vacant since then.
  2. ^ a b This paramount chieftaincy, reigning over all tribes of that particular nationality, was created by the government, a presidential prerogative guaranteed in the country's Constitution. Prior to its creation, the various tribal authorities remained independent of one another. Many chiefs have dismissed the notion that they are now subordinate to a centralised authority.
  3. ^ A Chewa dynasty.
  4. ^ The current chief, Willard Mswati Gomani, was appointed at his father's burial in 2009. He has not yet been formally enthroned. He is also a minor, and reigns under the regency of his aunt, Rosemary Malinki.
  5. ^ Succession is hereditary within the royal family, but is subject to approval by five electing tribes: the Kel Owi, Kel Ferwan, Kel Fade, Imakkitan, and Ikaskazan.
  6. ^ a b A Hausa dynasty.
  7. ^ A Songhai dynasty.
  8. ^ A clan of the Dinka people. The Ngok are traditionally divided into nine chiefdoms.
  9. ^ The reigning king, considered by the Anuak to be a demigod, selects his heir from amongst his eligible sons.
  10. ^ Date of formal enthronement. He was elected to the throne in 1992.
  11. ^ The reth is chosen from the sons of previous kings, each belonging to one of three royal lineages: Kwathker, Gwang, and Nyidhok. The elected individual is traditionally said to be a reincarnation of the first reth, Nyikango wad Okwa.
  12. ^ The last simbamwene (or sultan), Mputa II, died in 2000, and the throne has remained vacant since then. Another member of the family, Daniel Magogo, acts as prince regent.
  13. ^ The last Ntemi -Lyaki ndilanha (or Ntemi), Ntemi-Lyaki Ndilanha, died in 1978, and the throne was transferred to his son Fumakule-Bunamiko-Ndilanha who remains to date although in a passive way because Ntemi Fumakule-Bunamiko-Ndilanha was Christianised. He acts as Clan head.
  14. ^ a b At the end of March 1821, the chiefdom of Aného became divided under two distinct royal lineages: the Adjigo at Nlessi, and the Lawson dynasty at Lolan. In each lineage, the next king is selected by a council of wisemen from amongst the male members of the royal family. The kings of Aného are traditionally subordinate to ruler of Glidji (see separate entry).
  15. ^ A clan of the Ga.
  16. ^ Under the 1996 Constitution, the government of Zambia recognises 286 chiefs, 54 senior chiefs and five paramount chiefs. The paramount chiefs are those of the Lozi, Bemba, Chewa, Ngoni, and Lunda peoples, all of which are listed in the table above. The remainder listed here are considered senior chiefs.
  17. ^ A Lozi dynasty.
  18. ^ Succession to the throne of the chitimikulu is limited to male matrilineal members of the Bena Ng'andu. Tradition dictates that the throne passes to a son of the sisters of the previous chitimikulu. Selection is made by the royal Lamfya council.
  19. ^ Born as Frederic Daka. His birth name, however, is no longer used.
  20. ^ A sept of the Phiri clan.
  21. ^ Born as David Njengembaso Jere.
  22. ^ Born as Paul Mpemba Kanyembo Kapale Mpalume.
  23. ^ The current mwene is a queen.
  24. ^ A sept of the Wushanga clan.
  25. ^ A sept of the Nawiko clan.

Benin

  1. ^ Historically known as Dahomey, or Danhome.
  2. ^ Real name Georges Collinet Béhanzin
  3. ^ a b c d A Fon dynasty.
  4. ^ a b c A Yoruba dynasty.
  5. ^ a b A sept of the Borgou dynasty of the Bariba. The kings of Nikki are historically also of Boussa origin.
  6. ^ The previous king of Parakou, the Akpaki Dagbara II, died in 2004, and the throne remained vacant for almost eight years. Two candidates, one designated by the Baparapé chief, the other by chief of Gbégourou, both customarily empowered to appoint the successor of a deceased king, had been battling for the throne. In October 2008, the traditional council was divided in its deciding election. The candidates, both of the Bourou dynasty, are N'Gobi Barthélémy and Yossounon Gobi.
  7. ^ A sept of the Borgou dynasty. Succession is traditionally alternated between the Akpaki dynasty of the Bariba, and the Bourou dynasty of the Yoruba.
  8. ^ Formerly known as Kora Zaki Lafia.
  9. ^ There are two kings recognised in Porto-Novo. They rule simultaneously.
  10. ^ Name is also written as Agnontinmè, Ayintinmè, or De-Gbezé Ayontinmé Toffa IX
  11. ^ Also styled as Onisabe within the community.

Botswana

  1. ^ Also known as Latchè Holou Guidimadégbé.
  2. ^ Also known as Aklan Makouzokou.
  3. ^ Also known as Aïhotogbé Langanfin Glèlè.
  4. ^ Also known as Gangorosuambou.
  5. ^ The rulers of the eight paramount chiefdoms of the Tswana in Botswana hold the eight permanent seats in the country's Ntlo ya Dikgosi. The remainder of seats are held by chiefs from minority Tswana tribes, such as the Birwa, Kalaka, Kgalagadi, Sarwa, and Tswapong. These representatives are either elected or appointed for five-year terms.
  6. ^ Also known as Kgafela Kgafela.
  7. ^ Also known as Kgari a Bonewamang Sechele.
  8. ^ Sworn in the House of Chiefs in March 2002.
  9. ^ Also known as Mosadi Muriel Seboko a Mokgôsi.
  10. ^ Elected as paramount chief in December 2001. She officially took up duties on 7 January, and was sworn in the House of Chiefs on 28 February 2002. She was formally enthroned on 30 August 2003.
  11. ^ Also known as Seretse Khama Ian Khama, or Ian a Sêrêtsê. He was also the fourth head of state of Botswana.
  12. ^ Also known as Malope Gaseitsiwe.
  13. ^ Has not yet been formally installed.
  14. ^ Also known as Lotlamoreng Montshiwa, or Lotlaamoreng Montshioa.
  15. ^ Elected as paramount chief in June 2001. Sworn in the House of Chiefs on 28 February 2002.
  16. ^ Kealitile Moremi took over as paramount chief from her brother Tawana II, who resigned in August 2003 in order to follow a career in politics. At present, she is only considered regent, and has not been formally enthroned.
  17. ^ Elected as paramount chief on 18 March 2006. Coronation took place on 18 August 2007.

Burkina Faso

  1. ^ a b The throne is disputed between two candidates.
  2. ^ a b c Liptako contains portions of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. It's unclear how the Emirs authority extends across these areas.

Cameroon

  1. ^ Real name Peter Adi Fonte Patrick Wirba
  2. ^ Real name Ngum Ernest Merlin Shang

Namibia

  1. ^ a b c d e f A tribe of the Nama.
  2. ^ The captaincy of the Basters, recognised as a traditional authority by the government of Namibia, is purely elective within the community. The kaptein is elected for life.
  3. ^ The land of the Hai-khaua, a tribe of the Nama descended from the Oorlam. The community is also known as the "Berseba Oorlam" or "Berseba Nama".
  4. ^ In 2010, the formerly divided Hai-khauan chiefdom of Berseba was reconciled under the cooperative leadership of the royal Goliath and Isaak clans. The two rival lineages had resulted from a succession dispute for the chieftaincy in the 1960s. Prior to the recent union, Stephanus had been the chief of the Goliath faction since 1976. Johannes Isaak had been the chief of his faction prior to the union also, but the date of his installation is unclear.
  5. ^ The land of the Aman, a tribe of the Nama descended from the Oorlam. The community is also known as "Bethany", or subsequently the "Bethanien Nama".
  6. ^ The incumbent kaptein, Anna Christiaan, no longer actively manages the tribe's affairs due to her poor health. Officially serving as acting chief is Josef Christiaan, whose position, however, is disputed by several senior members of the royal family, including Anna's son Jan Christiaan.
  7. ^ Prior to formal enthronement as "king" (a title not recognised by the Namibian government), Justus previously reigned as acting paramount chief from 1982. He took over the leadership of the Chiefs' Council on 27 July 1977, following the death of Chief David Goreseb.
  8. ^ a b c d e A Kavango dynasty.
  9. ^ Recognised by the government of Namibia on 28 July 2004.
  10. ^ a b c A San dynasty.
  11. ^ The previous kaptein was Hans Titus, who reigned from 3 May 1980 until his death in 2009. His successor is yet to be chosen.
  12. ^ The land of the Kai-khau, a tribe of the Nama. The community is also known as the "Red Nation".
  13. ^ Also known as George Simasiku Mamili.
  14. ^ A Fwe dynasty.
  15. ^ Also known as Maiba Kisco Liswani.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h An Ovambo dynasty.
  17. ^ Full name is Josia Shikongo Taapopi Shitaatala.
  18. ^ A queen. Also known as Martha Kristian Nelumbu, or Martha Mwadinomho ya Nelumbu.
  19. ^ The land of the Khowese, a tribe of the Nama descended from the Oorlam. The community is also known as the "Khowese Nama", or as "Gibeon" after the township.
  20. ^ Acting chief only. Rooi took over administration of the traditional authority following the death of Hendrik Witbooi, a Christian minister and Namibia's first deputy prime minister. Rooi has not been formally mandated as chief.
  21. ^ Within the Herero community, the Namibian government officially recognises six traditional authorities, each headed by its own royal house. The six are listed here, grouped by tribe. Officially, these are subordinate to a paramount chief in Okahandja, who is listed in the previous section. In addition, there are over 40 other Herero chiefs who remain unrecognised by the government, and are not constitutional traditional authorities.
  22. ^ In 1999, Alfons was also proclaimed chief of the Tjamuaha clan by court order, deposing Frederik II. The Tjamuaha are among those clans not recognised as constitutional traditional authorities.
  23. ^ The previous ombara of the Vita lineage was Kapuka Thom, who died in 2009. His successor has yet to be chosen.

South Africa

  1. ^ In April 2008, the CTLDC determined that the baKwêna (also spelled baKoena) ba Mopeli paramountcy was not a legitimate kingship, and hence in July 2010, the government announced that it would cease recognising it as such upon the death of the incumbent monarch.[170]
  2. ^ The present kgosi is a minor. His mother, Mathokwana Mopeli serves as regent on his behalf.
  3. ^ Was declared the legitimate monarch by President Zuma in July 2010, following the rulings of the CTLDC, Zuma replaced acting chief Kenneth Kgagudi Sekhukhune, who had been reigning in dispute since 1976.
  4. ^ In April 2008, the CTLDC determined that the baTlôkwa (also spelled baTlokoa) ba Mota paramountcy was not a legitimate kingship, and hence in July 2010, the government announced that it would cease recognising it as such upon the death of the incumbent monarch.[170]
  5. ^ Also known as the ba ga Mokotleng, one of four main branches of the baTlôkwa. The others are: ba ga Bogatsu under Kgosi Mokalake Motsatsi, ba ga Sedumedi under Kgosi Sedumedi Kenneth Sedumedi (who died 25 September 2007), and the ba ga Gaborone in Botswana. The ba Mota are the only recognised paramountcy of the baTlôkwa in South Africa, although this will soon change (see note above).
  6. ^ Since the death of Faku in 1867, the amaMpondo (also amaPondo, or amaPonda) have effectively been divided under two royal lineages: the Mqikela line (aseQaukeni), and the Ndamase line (aseNyandeni). In April 2008, however, the CTLDC determined that the kings of the Mqikela lineage were the kings of all amaMpondo, and that the Nyandeni paramountcy was not a legitimate kingship.[175] In July 2010, it was announced that the aseNyandeni's present status as a kingship would cease to be recognised as such by the government upon the death of the incumbent king, whose successor will instead be considered a "principal traditional leader", a status yet to be defined.[176]
  7. ^ Following the rulings of the CTLDC in July 2010, the Zuma administration officially removed the then-king Mpondombini Thandizulu Sigcawu, and replaced him with Zanozuko Sigcawu, identified as the rightful king by the commission. Mpondombini, who had been ruling since 1 December 1978, was among several traditional leaders to denounce the Commission's findings, and has since taken the government to court in an attempt to reverse the ruling and regain his throne. The hearings began in August 2010. Zanozuko, the king recognised by the government, has yet to be crowned.[177]
  8. ^ a b A sept of the Nyawuza clan of the amaMpondo. The amaMpondo are descended from Mpondo, the twin brother of Mpondomise.
  9. ^ Coronation took place 12 April 2008. Ndamase was nominated successor to his grandfather, the previous king, upon the elder's death on 21 February 1997. As he was still a minor, however, his mother Queen Bongolethu Dlamini, a descendant of the Swazi royal family, served as the kingdom's regent until his formal assumption of the throne in 2008.
  10. ^ Since the death of Musi in 1630, the amaNdebele kingdom has effectively been divided under two royal lineages: the kaManala, and the kaNdzundza. In April 2008, however, the CTLDC determined that the kings of the elder Manala lineage were the kings of all amaNdebele, and that the Ndzundza paramountcy was not a legitimate kingship.[180] In July 2010, it was announced that the Ndzundza's present status as a kingship would cease to be recognised as such by the government upon the death of the incumbent king, whose successor will instead be considered a "principal traditional leader", a status yet to be defined.[170]
  11. ^ Full name is Makhosoke Enoch Mabhena; also occasionally spelled "Makhosoke".
  12. ^ A sept of the Manala clan of the amaNdebele. The current royal family has the surname Mabhena, also occasionally misspelled "Mabena".
  13. ^ In the Ndebele tradition, following the death of a king the family nominates a successor and gives him a regnal name, which he will use from the day he is crowned. Mbusi has been elected, but has not yet been formally enthroned. His regnal name will be "Mabhoko III". However, as of 2 February 2007, Mbusi has been suspended as king by the royal council. A regent, Sililo Mahlangu, was appointed on 4 February 2007 to act on the king's behalf while the council deliberates on his alleged misconduct.
  14. ^ A sept of the Ndzundza clan of the amaNdebele. The current royal family has the surname Mahlangu.
  15. ^ Since 1865, the abaThembu have effectively been divided under two royal lineages: the bakaDalindyebo (baseBumbane), and the bakaMatanzima (baseRhoda). In April 2008, however, the CTLDC determined that the kings of the Dalindyebo lineage were the kings of all abaThembu, and that the Rhoda paramountcy was not a legitimate kingship.[184] In July 2010, it was announced that the baseRhoda's present status as a kingship would cease to be recognised as such by the government upon the death of the incumbent king, whose successor will instead be considered a "principal traditional leader", a status yet to be defined. According to some reports, the late king Lwandile Zwelenkosi, who died in May 2010, was officially considered the last king.[176]
  16. ^ Full name is Buyelekhaya Zwelinbanzi Dalindyebo a Sabata.
  17. ^ During a leave of study between 2000 and August 2002, the king's wife Noluntu and brother Jongisizwe Dalindyebo acted as regents on his behalf. In May 2005, Buyelekhaya was indicted on charges of fraud, culpable homicide, assault, kidnapping, and arson. He is appealing against a 15-year jail term. Queen Noluntu and senior chief Jonginyaniso Mtirara are serving as regents while the monarch is in and out of prison.
  18. ^ a b A sept of the amaDlomo clan of the abaThembu. It is also known as the amaHala, or Madiba clan; each name styled after one of the earliest kings, descendants of the kingdom's founder, Nxeko.
  19. ^ Full name is Siyambonga Dalimvula Matanzima.
  20. ^ Since the disappearance of Thohoyandou in 1770, the vhaVenda have effectively been divided under several royal lineages. Among these, the haRamabulana, the haTshivhase, and the haMphaphuli were eventually recognised as separate traditional authorities by the government. The kingship, however, disputed between an even larger number of clans, was considered to be effectively defunct until July 2010, when the CTLDC determined to restore the vhaVenda kingship under the haRamabulana.[170][186] The commission determined that the kings of the Ramabulana were the kings of all vhaVenda, thereby rejecting the appeals of two other claimants: the Ravhura clan under Azwianewi David Mutshinyalo Ravhura, and the vhaNgona tribe under Tshidziwelele Azwidowi Nephawe, both of which were officially under the jurisdiction of the haTshivhase. The commission also rejected the respective appeals of the haTshivhase and haMphaphuli to establish new kingships separate to that of the vhaVenda.[187]
  21. ^ a b c A clan of the Masingo (also known as the maKhwinde, or maKwinda) tribe of the vhaVenda. Although the title thovele (or thovela) is most common, kings are also formally styled khosikhulu vho, or simply khosi.
  22. ^ Since the death of Phalo in 1775, the amaXhosa have effectively been divided under two kingdoms (see note below). However, in April 2008, the CTLDC determined that the kings of the Gcaleka lineage were the kings of all amaXhosa, and that the Rharhabe paramountcy was not a legitimate kingship.[189] In July 2010, it was announced that the Rharhabe's present status as a kingship would cease to be recognised as such by the government upon the death of the incumbent king, whose successor will instead be considered a "principal traditional leader", a status yet to be defined.[176]
  23. ^ a b c d e f A Xhosa dynasty. All current Xhosa monarchs are genealogical members of the amaTshawe clan, the royal line of the amaXhosa which is styled after Tshawe, descended from Xhosa, a son of Mnguni. The royal line is divided into two primary lineages descended from the sons of Phalo: the amaGcaleka, descended from Gcaleka, and the amaRharhabe, descended from Rharhabe. The amaGcaleka are the senior line, and its king is to some extent deferred to by all the others. The amaRharhabe represents the junior line, from which also descend the Kings of the imiDushane, amaGasela, amaNdlambe, and imiQhayi, listed separately. The ruling line of the amaRharhabe is that of the amaNgqika, descended from Mlawu.[190]
  24. ^ The Zulu kingdom is traditionally a paramount authority, with a number of subordinate chiefdoms. Most prominent among these chiefdoms is that of the Buthelezi, whose current chief (or inkosi) is Mangosuthu Gatsha.[193]
  25. ^ A clan of the Zulu.
  26. ^ Midiyavhathu was installed as heir to the throne of the Tshivhase lineage in 1970. He was, however, considered too young to rule, and his uncle John Shavhani Tshivhase was appointed as regent until it was deemed appropriate for the new king to assume effective office, which he did in 1993. His name is also often spelled "Midiavhathu".
  27. ^ The amaGqunukhwebe are a Xhosa tribe of Khoisan origin.
  28. ^ Coronation took place 16 August 2003.
  29. ^ The previous queen, Modjadji VI, died in 2005. Her daughter and heiress, Princess Masalanabo, is still a child, and will be eligible to be enthroned as Modjadji VII when she comes of age and once she has produced an heiress of her own by her royal suitor. Her succession rights, however, have not been universally accepted by the royal council since her father is a commoner. Her uncle Prince Mpapatla serves as regent. He has had a daughter by his cousin of the royal bloodline. Consequently, a faction of the royal council would prefer to enthrone Mpapatla's daughter when she comes of age. He, however, maintains that the true heir is Masalanabo, who has been accepted as heiress for now, though this may change before she comes of age.
  30. ^ The "Rain Queens" of the baLobedu ba ga Modjadji are descended from the Monomatapa dynasty in modern Zimbabwe.
  31. ^ Succession is matrilineal. The queen is constitutionally unwed, although she may produce children.
  32. ^ The Le Fleur lineage is based in Kranshoek, Western Cape.
  33. ^ The Kok lineage is based in Campbell, Northern Cape.
  34. ^ Otherwise known as Muziwenkosi Johannes Hadebe ka Tatazela. The royal clan name, Hadebe, is also often spelled "Radebe".
  35. ^ Supremacy among the Mpondomise is disputed between two primary factions: the Jola and the Dosini, both branches of the Majola dynasty. Contenders from the Dosini clan are Zanexhoba Tonjeni and Masibulele Maseti. The most recent claimant from the Jola clan was Loyiso Matiwane, who died 12 June 2007. He was a direct descendant of Mhlontlo, the last reigning king, who was stripped of his kingship by the colonial government around 1904 (died in 1912). Since then, the throne of the Mpondomise has been disputed, and has failed to regain recognition from the government as a traditional kingship.

Uganda

  1. ^ Date of coronation. The Ker Kwaro Acholi chieftaincy was recognised by the government on 17 January 2005. He has been the chief of the Payira clan since 1999.
  2. ^ The tribal confederation of the Alur historically comprises 64 chiefdoms and Clanship (56 in Uganda i.e. from Junam, Padyere and Okoro; and 8 in Democratic Republic of Congo)under the Ubimu (King). Its population is about 10,000,000 people across two countries. Alur Kingdom was recognised by the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda in 2008. It is the Kingdom that was never abolished by Ugandan government during the 1966 when King Jalusiga Rauni II was sitting at the throne. All the different Chiefdoms, Chieflets and clanships pay allegiance to Ubimu as the main holder of the Royal Spear Head(Leb tong). The different sub tribes that were assimilated under the Alur tribe are the Lendu, Kebu, Jonam and Madi during the pre colonial Uganda (Aidan 1953). The tradition of holding the royal spearhead has been since there since time immemorial. All sons of the Ubimu have since been allowed to start their own chiefdoms in order not to cause power wrangles from the main Kingdom palace at Kaal Atyak winam Zombo district. Alur Kingdom first started as a Nuer Kingdom under King Ngur I in around 870 A.D at Aswan, Southern Egypt and later transformed to Lwo Atyak Kingdom under King Ulwo Atyak in Wau, Barelghazal southern Sudan. Reaching northern Uganda and especially around Karuma river, the Lwo Atyak under King Kyabambe Ulum had a major separation and disintegration. Then Queen Nyilak took over and later abdicated the throne to her son Nyipir. It was king Nyipir who started the Alur Kingdom in around the 15th century in Pakwach near River Nile. His Kingdom holds all the Lwo Royal Spear Head as per the Tradition. Today the Ubimu is the most powerful ruler in northern Uganda West of the Nile river. Administratively, Ubimu is assisted by Jadipu (Prime Minister - Rt. Hon. Wathum Edwin Djalkwiyu) who has the same hereditary significance as a ruler.
  3. ^ Formally enthroned on 19 May 2006 and crowned as on 31 October 2010.
  4. ^ Ankole, historically referred to as Nkore, was nominally revived as a traditional kingdom with the coronation of Rutashijuka Ntare IV in November 1993. It has remained unrecognised by the Ugandan government, however, and the coronation was declared illegitimate and void by the country's president. The current king has reigned in pretendence since the death of his predecessor in April 1979.
  5. ^ Kintu Mubala Samuku succeeded as head of the Bagwere upon the death of Papa Komolo. He was formally installed as Ikumbania (head of the eighty Gwere clans) on 14 November 2009. He was officially proclaimed as Ikumbania upon the restoration of the kingdom, 1995. His coronation took place 14 November 2009
  6. ^ Katunku VII succeeded as head of the Basimba Leopard Clan royal household upon the death of his father on 10 October 1955. He was formally installed as Chishimba (head of the four Basimba clans) on 24 September 1989. He was officially proclaimed as Chishimba upon the restoration of the kingdom, 24 July 1993. His coronation took place 10 October 1955. He has also assumed the additional name of "Musimba".
  7. ^ . He was formally installed as Umukuka (head of the twenty five Gisu clans) on 24 September 2016. He was officially proclaimed as Umukuka upon the restoration of the kingdom, 1995. His coronation took place 24 September 2016
  8. ^ Muwenda Mutebi succeeded as head of the royal household upon the death of his father on 21 November 1969. He was formally invested as Ssabataka (head of the royal clans and chief landowner) on 4 April 1971. He was officially proclaimed as kabaka upon the restoration of the kingdom, 24 July 1993. His coronation took place 31 July 1993. He has also assumed the additional name of "Kimera".
  9. ^ Muwenda Mutebi succeeded as head of the royal household upon the death of his father in 1971. He was officially proclaimed as omukama upon the restoration of the kingdom, 24 July 1993. His coronation took place 11 June 1994.
  10. ^ Busoga is a traditional confederation of eleven clan domains. There are five royal clans (Bugabula, Bukono, Bulamogi, Kigulu, and Luuka) and six traditional chiefdoms (Bugweri, Bukooli, Bunya, Bunyole, Busiki, and Butembe). The royal clans form the five royal families of the Basoga. Each of the hereditary chiefs and princes of the confederation are listed in a separate section in the table.
  11. ^ The previous kyabazinga, Henry Wako Muloki of Bulamogi, died on 1 September 2008. His son, Edward Columbus Wambuzi, was announced as his successor following contentious elections on 31 October 2008. However, five of the eleven royal chiefs denounced the new king, instead endorsing William Nadiope IV, of Bugabula. The Ugandan government advised the parties to hold another election, and an interim order was served to Wambuzi in May 2009 restraining him from holding office. On 7 June 2009, however, Wambuzi was installed on the throne amidst protests from other chiefs. He also secured a court order blocking the planned re-elections. These took place in secret on 5 October 2009, when Nadiope IV was elected unopposed. The High Court is to start hearing the cases in November 2010, but the clan heads have vowed to install Nadiope IV on the throne before September, despite the standing judicial injunctions blocking the enthronement of either contender.
  12. ^ The kyabazinga is elected for life by the Royal Council, composed of the eleven hereditary chiefs of the kingdom. Selection is limited to members of the five royal clans of the Basoga.
  13. ^ a b c The throne is traditionally supposed to rotate among the numerous clans.
  14. ^ They belong to the Lwo rulership but not of the Atyak genealogy. The Jonam means people of the lake or stays near the river thus river Nile by location. Today after the declarance of Alur as a kingdom, they began to pay allegiance to Ubimu of Alur as per the constitution of Uganda; although maintain their own administrative sovereignty. Not all the chiefdoms and clanships in Junam belong to the same origin. Some like Ragem, Paroketo and Panyimur came from Bunyoro and the ones that want separation yet few in number while some like Amor, Pangyeth, Boro, Panyigoro, Alwi, among the 14 chiefdoms came from Nyipir lineage of the Lwo Atyak rulership, now with Ubimu Rauni III of Alur. That is why today, Junam is entirely claimed by Ragem - which is the only strongest chiefdom in Junam county of Nebbi District as designated by Mr. White Weatherhead during the British colonisation of Uganda and West Nile in particular.
  15. ^ historically, the kebu had no chieftainship but stayed with the Alur Kings/ Chiefs as pages who produced farming implements (Aidan, 1953). Today they are trying to fight for constitution recognition and proper formation of a Chiefship. Asked about their first chief no one can tell, a testimony that their desire for chiefship is a modern construct.
  16. ^ A clan of the Kebu people. The current chief belongs to the Waringu family and still is being contested.
  17. ^ The kamuswaga belongs to the Ndawula Lwabulanga lineage of the Babito clan.
  18. ^ Elected to the throne by clan leaders on 17 August 2001.
  19. ^ Elected to the throne by clan leaders on 19 September 1998.
  20. ^ The current king, Charles Mumbere, was first proclaimed as "Kibanzanga II" on 19 October 1966. He reigned as a minor, in pretendence, under a regency council until 1972, when he took the regnal name "Irema-Ngoma I". His kingdom was officially abolished by the Ugandan government on 8 September 1967, but effectively continued in armed opposition until 15 August 1982, when the king's forces surrendered and Mumbere was officially appointed as "chief elder" of the district. Rwenzururu was officially restored by the government as a traditional kingdom on 17 March 2008, and recognition was confirmed by the President at the king's coronation anniversary on 19 October 2009.
  21. ^ A clan of the Bakonzo.
  22. ^ Iguru Rukidi succeeded as omukama upon the death of his father in August 1995. He was crowned on 12 September 1996. Until 17 April 2010, he had officially reigned as a minor under a regency council.

See also

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Further reading

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