1812 in the United Kingdom
 1812 in the United Kingdom
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Events from the year 1812 in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom is still involved in the Napoleonic Wars with France and its attempts to stop French trade lead to the War of 1812 with the United States. Lord Wellington is active in the Peninsular War in Spain. This year also marks the only assassination of a British prime minister when Spencer Perceval is shot.
Incumbents
- Monarch – George III
- Regent – George, Prince Regent
- Prime Minister – Spencer Perceval (Tory) (until 11 May); Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool (Tory) (starting 8 June)
- Parliament – 4th (until 29 September), 5th (starting 24 November)
Events
- 1 January – The Bishop of Durham, Shute Barrington, orders troops from Durham Castle to break up a miners' strike in Chester-le-Street, Co. Durham
- February – Framebreaking Act imposes the death penalty for Luddites.[1]
- 27 February – Poet Lord Byron gives his first address as a member of the House of Lords, in defence of Luddite violence against Industrialism in his home county of Nottinghamshire.
- 15 March – Luddites attack wool processing factory of Frank Vickerman in West Yorkshire.
- 16 March – 6 April – Siege of Badajoz (Peninsular War): The Anglo-Portuguese Army, under the Earl of Wellington, besieges Badajoz in Spain and forces surrender of the French garrison.
- 4 April – U.S. President James Madison enacted a ninety–day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom.
- 24 April – Luddites attack the Westhoughton Mill of Thomas Rowe in Lancashire.
- 11 May – bankrupt banker John Bellingham assassinates Prime Minister Spencer Perceval in the lobby of the House of Commons.
- 25 May – Felling mine disaster: mine explosion at Felling colliery near Jarrow — 96 dead.
- 8 June – Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool (Tory) becomes Prime Minister. Aged 42 at accession, he will hold the office for almost fifteen years, the second longest-serving Prime Minister of the United Kingdom after Pitt the Younger, who was in office for nearly 20 years across his two premierships.
- 18 June – the War of 1812 begins between the United States and the United Kingdom.
- 18 July – the Treaty of Orebro brings an end to the Anglo-Russian War and the Anglo-Swedish War.
- 22 July – Peninsular War: at the Battle of Salamanca, British forces led by Lord Wellington defeat French troops near Salamanca in Spain.[2]
- August – Henry Bell's PS Comet begins a passenger service on the River Clyde between Glasgow and Greenock, the first commercially successful steamboat service in Europe.[3]
- 12 August – Peninsular War: Wellington enters Madrid following the Battle of Salamanca.
- 16 August – War of 1812: American General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit without a fight to the British Army.
- 19 August – War of 1812: USS Constitution defeats the British frigate Guerrière off the coast of Nova Scotia.
- 5 October – 10 November: a general election sees victory for the Tory Party under Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool.
- 9 October – War of 1812: in a naval engagement on Lake Erie, American forces capture two British ships, HMS Detroit and HMS Caledonia.
- 13 October – War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights – as part of the Niagara campaign in Ontario, Canada, American forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer IV are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock (although he dies during the battle).
- 7 November – HMS Victory is retired from front-line service.[4]
Ongoing
- Napoleonic Wars, 1803–1815
- Peninsular War, 1808–1814
Publications
- Alton Barnes White Horse cut in Wiltshire.
- First two cantos of Lord Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage.[1] This sells out in five days after publication on 20 March, giving rise to Byron's comment "I awoke one morning and found myself famous".[5]
- Sir Richard Colt Hoare's study The Ancient History of South Wiltshire, one of the earliest works to use evidence from archaeology.
- James and Horace Smith's parodies Rejected Addresses.
Births
- 7 February – Charles Dickens, writer (died 1870)
- 1 March – Augustus Pugin, English-born architect (died 1852)
- 7 May – Robert Browning, poet (died 1889)
- 12 May – Edward Lear, artist, illustrator and writer (died 1888)
- 25 November – Henry Mayhew, writer (died 1887)
- 23 December – Samuel Smiles, author and reformer (died 1904)
Deaths
- 23 January – Robert Craufurd, general (mortally wounded in battle) (born 1764)
- 11 May – Spencer Perceval, Prime Minister (assassinated) (born 1762)
- 18 May – John Bellingham, Perceval's killer (executed) (born c. 1769)
- 13 October – Isaac Brock, British general (killed in battle) (born 1769)
See also
References
- ^ a b Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 240–241. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ McCrorie, Ian (1986). Clyde Pleasure Steamers. Greenock: Orr, Pollock & Co. Ltd. ISBN 1-869850-00-9.
- ^ "Icons, a portrait of England 1800–1820". Archived from the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 11 September 2007.
- ^ Spengler-Axiopoulos, Barbara (1 July 2006), Der skeptische Kosmopolit (in German), NZZ, archived from the original on 18 March 2012, retrieved 27 March 2012