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Lucasfilm Ltd. LLC
Lucasfilm Ltd.
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryFilm
FoundedDecember 10, 1971; 53 years ago (1971-12-10)
FounderGeorge Lucas
HeadquartersLetterman Digital Arts Center
1 Letterman Dr.,
Presidio of San Francisco, California
,
United States
Number of locations
5
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
ProductsMotion pictures
Television
Number of employees
2,000 (2015)[2]
ParentThe Walt Disney Studios (2012-present)
Divisions
Subsidiaries
WebsiteOfficial website Edit this at Wikidata

Lucasfilm Ltd. LLC is an American film and television production company that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios, a division of The Walt Disney Company. The studio is best known for creating and producing the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises, as well as its leadership in developing special effects, sound, and computer animation for films. Lucasfilm was founded by filmmaker George Lucas in 1971 in San Rafael, California; most of the company's operations were moved to San Francisco in 2005.[3] Disney acquired Lucasfilm in December 2012 for $2.2 billion in cash and $1.855 billion in stock.[4][5][6]

History

Independent era (1971–2012)

Lucasfilm headquarters at the Letterman Digital Arts Center

Lucasfilm was founded by filmmaker George Lucas in 1971,[7] and incorporated as Lucasfilm Ltd. on September 12, 1977.[8] In the mid-1970s, the company's offices were located on the Universal Studios Lot.[9] Lucas founded The Star Wars Corporation, Inc. as a subsidiary to control various legal and financial aspects of Star Wars (1977),[10] including copyright, and sequel and merchandising rights. It also produced the 1978 Star Wars Holiday Special for 20th Century Fox Television.[11] That year, Lucas hired Los Angeles-based real-estate specialist Charles Weber to manage the company, telling him that he could keep the job as long as he made money.[12] Lucas wanted the focus of the company to be making independent films, but the company gradually became enlarged from five employees to almost 100, increasing in middle management and running up costs. In 1980, after Weber asked Lucas for $50 million to invest in other companies and suggested that they sell Skywalker Ranch to do so, Lucas fired Weber and had to let half of the Los Angeles staff go.[12] By the same year, the corporate subsidiary had been discontinued and its business was absorbed into the various divisions of Lucasfilm.[N 1]

In 2005, Lucasfilm opened a studio in Singapore.[13] In January 2012, Lucas announced his retirement from producing large-scale blockbuster films and instead re-focusing his career on smaller, independently budgeted features.[14][15] In June 2012, it was announced that Kathleen Kennedy, a long-term collaborator with Steven Spielberg and a producer of the Indiana Jones films, had been appointed as co-chair of Lucasfilm Ltd. It was reported that Kennedy would work alongside Lucas, who would remain chief executive and serve as co-chairman for at least one year, after which she would succeed him as the company's chairperson, which she did in June 2013.[16]

On July 8, 2012, Lucasfilm's marketing, online, and licensing units moved into the new Letterman Digital Arts Center located in the Presidio in San Francisco. It shares the complex with Industrial Light & Magic. Lucasfilm had planned an expansion at Skywalker Ranch in Marin County, California, but shelved the plan in 2012 due to opposition from neighbors. However, it still plans to expand elsewhere.[17] Skywalker Sound remains the only Lucasfilm division based at Skywalker Ranch.[18]

On September 5, 2012, Micheline Chau, who served as president and COO of Lucasfilm for two decades, announced that she was retiring. With her departure, senior executives for each of the Lucasfilm divisions would report directly to Kathleen Kennedy. Chau was credited with keeping the Lucasfilm and Star Wars brands strong, especially through animation spin-offs and licensing initiatives.[19]

Subsidiary of Disney (2012–present)

Discussions relating to the possibility of The Walt Disney Company signing a distribution deal with Lucasfilm officially began in May 2011, after a meeting that George Lucas had with the then Disney CEO Bob Iger during the inauguration of the Star Tours – The Adventures Continue attraction.[20] Lucas told Iger he was considering retirement and planned to sell the company, as well as the Star Wars franchise.[21] On October 30, 2012, Disney announced a deal to acquire Lucasfilm for $4.05 billion,[22] with approximately half in cash and half in shares of Disney stock.[4] Lucasfilm had previously collaborated with the company's Walt Disney Imagineering division to create theme park attractions centered on Star Wars and Indiana Jones for various Walt Disney Parks and Resorts worldwide.[23]

Kathleen Kennedy, co-chairman of Lucasfilm, became president of Lucasfilm, reporting to Walt Disney Studios Chairman Alan Horn. Additionally she serves as the brand manager for Star Wars, working directly with Disney's global lines of business to build, further integrate, and maximize the value of this global franchise. Kennedy serves as producer on new Star Wars feature films, with George Lucas originally announced as serving as creative consultant.[24] The company also announced the future release of new Star Wars films, starting with Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens in 2015.[23]

Under the deal, Disney acquired ownership of Star Wars, Indiana Jones, and Lucasfilm's operating businesses in live-action film production, consumer products, video games, animation, visual effects, and audio post-production.[25] Disney also acquired Lucasfilm's portfolio of entertainment technologies. The intent was for Lucasfilm employees to remain in their current locations.[26] Star Wars merchandising would begin under Disney in the fiscal year 2014.[27] Starting with Star Wars Rebels, certain products will be co-branded with the Disney name,[28][29] akin to what Disney has done with Pixar.[30] On December 4, 2012, the Disney-Lucasfilm merger was approved by the Federal Trade Commission, allowing the acquisition to be finalized without dealing with antitrust problems.[31] On December 18, 2012, Lucasfilm Ltd. converted from a corporation to a limited liability company, changing its name to Lucasfilm Ltd. LLC in the process,.[32] On December 21, 2012, Disney completed the acquisition and Lucasfilm became a wholly owned subsidiary of Disney.[6]

Iger confirmed that Lucasfilm had plans to have standalone Star Wars films released sometime during the six-year period the sequel trilogy is being released, with Lawrence Kasdan and Simon Kinberg each developing a title.[33]

In April 2013, the development arm of the LucasArts division was closed down and most of its staff was laid off.[34][35] However, LucasArts remained open with a skeleton staff of fewer than ten employees so it could retain its function as a video game licensor.[36] On May 6, 2013, Disney announced an exclusive deal with Electronic Arts to produce Star Wars games for the core gaming market for a decade. LucasArts retained the ability to license, and Disney Interactive Studios retained the ability to develop, Star Wars games for the casual gaming market. On April 14, 2014, EA released its first video game for Star Wars under the Disney brand and their ten year contract is set to expire on April 14, 2024.[37][38]

20th Century Fox, the original distributor of the first six Star Wars films, retained the physical and theatrical distribution rights to the original two Star Wars trilogies and permanent full distribution rights for the original 1977 film, until May 2020 according to the 2012 Lucasfilm acquisition deal.[39] On March 20, 2019, Disney officially acquired the studio after acquiring its owner, 21st Century Fox, thus combining all these rights under its umbrella. Lucasfilm retains the television and digital distribution rights to Star Wars Episodes I through VI with exception to Episode IV.[40] In December 2013, Walt Disney Studios purchased the distribution and marketing rights to future Indiana Jones films from Paramount Pictures, although the latter studio would retain the distribution rights to the first four films and would receive "financial participation" from any additional films.[41][42]

On January 3, 2014, Lucasfilm announced that Dark Horse Comics' license for Star Wars comics would end in 2015, and return to fellow Disney subsidiary Marvel Comics.[43] On April 24, 2014, Lucasfilm announced that the Star Wars expanded universe would no longer be explicitly sub canon (but may be drawn upon for future works) and that The Clone Wars and Rebels animated series would be considered canon and future Star Wars projects would be overseen by a new story group to keep to that canon. Additionally, the Star Wars Legends banner would be used for those Expanded Universe materials that are in print.[44] Disney Publishing Worldwide also announced that Del Rey would publish a new line of canon Star Wars books under the Lucasfilm Story Group being released starting in September on a bi-monthly schedule.[45]

On January 16, 2014, Lucasfilm opened its Sandcrawler building on Fusionopolis View in Singapore as its regional headquarters with all staff moved from Changi Business Park. The Walt Disney Company Southeast Asia and ESPN Asia Pacific were also moved into the building.[13]

In mid September 2018, Disney CEO Bob Iger stated in an interview with The Hollywood Reporter that there would be a "slow down" in the production of Star Wars films following the under-performance of Solo: A Star Wars Story at the box office. In addition, Iger also confirmed that several Star Wars films including The Rise of Skywalker and David Benioff and D. B. Weiss' films were in development.[46][47][48] In late September 2018, Kennedy's contract as president was renewed for three additional years due to the release of the fifth film in the Indiana Jones frachise in 2021, but in April 2020, it was extended to another year to 2022, due to the Coronavirus pandemic.[49]

In June 2019, Michelle Rejwan was named as senior vice president of live-action development and production.[50]

Company structure

Former divisions

  • Lucas Online – In house web development company that built and maintained the websites of the other Lucasfilm Ltd. companies and properties.
  • Kerner Optical – Practical effects division (model shop) and 3-D development team (spun off from ILM in 2006 and subsequently went bankrupt in 2011)[56]
  • Pixar Animation Studios – Computer animation film production company that was sold to Steve Jobs in 1986. It became a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, six years prior to the Disney’s acquisition in December of 2012.
  • THX – Theater sound system (spun off from Lucasfilm Ltd. in 2003)[57] Creative Technology owned 60% of THX,[58] and then sold to Razer Inc. in 2016.

Filmography

Year Film Directed by Screenplay by Story by Distributor(s) Budget Gross Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic
1973 American Graffiti[59] George Lucas[59] George Lucas, Gloria Katz and Willard Huyck[60] Universal Pictures[60] $777,000[61] $140 million[61] 96% 97
1977 Star Wars George Lucas 20th Century Fox[N 2] $11 million[63] $775.5 million 93%[64] 90[65]
1979 More American Graffiti[66] Bill L. Norton[66] Universal Pictures $3 million $15 million 22% —
1980 The Empire Strikes Back[67] Irvin Kershner[67] Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan[68] George Lucas 20th Century Fox[N 2] $33 million[69] $547.9 million[70] 95% 82
1981 Raiders of the Lost Ark Steven Spielberg Lawrence Kasdan George Lucas and Philip Kaufman Paramount Pictures $18 million $389.9 million 95% 85
1983 Return of the Jedi Richard Marquand Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas George Lucas 20th Century Fox[N 2] $42.7 million $475.3 million 81% 58
Twice Upon a Time John Korty and Charles Swenson John Korty, Charles Swenson, Suella Kennedy and Bill Couturié John Korty, Bill Couturié and Suella Kennedy Warner Bros. — — — —
1984 Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom Steven Spielberg Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz George Lucas Paramount Pictures $28.2 million $333.1 million 85% 57
1985 Latino Haskell Wexler Cinecom Pictures — — — —
Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters Paul Schrader Leonard Schrader and Paul Schrader Warner Bros. $5 million $20,758 88% 81
1986 Labyrinth Jim Henson Terry Jones Dennis Lee and Jim Henson TriStar Pictures $27.68 million $11.6 million 68% 50
Howard the Duck Willard Huyck Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz Universal Pictures $37 million $48 million 15% 28
1988 Willow Ron Howard Bob Dolman George Lucas Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer $35 million $57.3 million 53% 47
Tucker: The Man and His Dream Francis Ford Coppola Arnold Schulman and David Seidler Paramount Pictures $24 million $19.7 million 84% 74
The Land Before Time Don Bluth Stu Krieger Judy Freudberg and Tony Geiss Universal Pictures & Amblin Entertainment $12.5 million $84.4 million 70% 66
1989 Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade Steven Spielberg Jeffrey Boam George Lucas and Menno Meyjes Paramount Pictures $48 million $474.2 million 88% 65
1994 Radioland Murders Mel Smith Willard Huyck, Gloria Katz, Jeff Reno and Ron Osborn George Lucas Universal Pictures $15 million $1.3 million 24% —
1999 Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace George Lucas 20th Century Fox[N 2] $115 million $1.027 billion 53% 51
2002 Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones George Lucas George Lucas and Jonathan Hales George Lucas $115 million $649.4 million 66% 54
2005 Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith George Lucas $113 million $850 million 80% 68
2008 Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull Steven Spielberg David Koepp George Lucas and Jeff Nathanson Paramount Pictures $185 million $790.6 million 77% 65
Star Wars: The Clone Wars Dave Filoni Henry Gilroy, Steven Melching, Scott Murphy Warner Bros. $8.5 million $68.3 million 18% 35
2012 Red Tails Anthony Hemingway John Ridley and Aaron McGruder John Ridley 20th Century Fox[N 2] $58 million $50.4 million 40% 46
2015 Strange Magic Gary Rydstrom David Berenbaum, Irene Mecchi and Gary Rydstrom George Lucas Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures $70-$100 million[71] $13.6 million 17% 25
Star Wars: The Force Awakens J. J. Abrams Lawrence Kasdan, J. J. Abrams and Michael Arndt $250 million $2.068 billion 93% 81
2016 Rogue One: A Star Wars Story Gareth Edwards Chris Weitz and Tony Gilroy John Knoll and Gary Whitta $200 million $1.056 billion 85% 65
2017 Star Wars: The Last Jedi
Rian Johnson
 $200 million $1.333 billion 91% 85
2018 Solo: A Star Wars Story Ron Howard Jonathan Kasdan and Lawrence Kasdan $275 million $392.7 million 70% 62
2019 Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker J. J. Abrams Chris Terrio and J. J. Abrams Derek Connolly, Colin Trevorrow, J. J. Abrams and Chris Terrio $275 million $1.074 billion 51%[72] 53[73]

Upcoming

Year Film Directed by Screenplay by Story by Distributor(s) Status
2022 Indiana Jones 5 James Mangold[74] David Koepp
Jonathan Kasdan
Dan Fogelman 		Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures 		In Development[75][76][77]
2023 Untitled Star Wars film TBA
2025 Untitled Star Wars film TBA
2027 Untitled Star Wars film TBA
TBA Untitled Taika Waititi Star Wars film Taika Waititi Taika Waititi
Krysty Wilson-Cairns
TBA Children of Blood and Bone[76] Rick Famuyiwa[76] David Magee
Kay Oyegun[76]

Television and web series

Animated

Live-action

Television films and specials

Other productions

Franchises

Year Film # of films
1973-1979 American Graffiti 2
1977–present Star Wars 11
1981–present Indiana Jones 4

Notes

  1. ^ The Star Wars Corporation's name may still be seen on certain Star Wars-related items, such as the end credits copyright notice of the film, and in reprints of Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker and Splinter of the Mind's Eye as the copyrights have not expired or have been renewed.
  2. ^ a b c d e Originally distributed by 20th Century Fox, which is now part of Walt Disney Studios.[62]

References

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