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Costa Mesa, California

Coordinates: 33°39′54″N 117°54′44″W / 33.66500°N 117.91222°W / 33.66500; -117.91222
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Costa Mesa, California
City
Diego Sepúlveda Adobe
Diego Sepúlveda Adobe
Flag of Costa Mesa, California
Flag
Official seal of Costa Mesa, California
Seal
Motto: 
"City of the Arts"
Location of Costa Mesa in Orange County, California
Location of Costa Mesa in Orange County, California
Costa Mesa is located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area
Costa Mesa
Costa Mesa
Location within Greater Los Angeles
Costa Mesa is located in California
Costa Mesa
Costa Mesa
Location in California
Costa Mesa is located in the United States
Costa Mesa
Costa Mesa
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 33°39′54″N 117°54′44″W / 33.66500°N 117.91222°W / 33.66500; -117.91222
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountyOrange
IncorporatedJune 29, 1953[1]
Government
 • TypeCouncil-manager
 • MayorJohn Stephens
 • Mayor Pro TemManuel Chavez
 • City Council[3]Mike Buley
Loren Gameros
Andrea Marr
Arlis Reynolds
Jeff Pettis
 • City ManagerLori Ann Farrell Harrison[2]
Area
[4]
 • Total
15.81 sq mi (40.96 km2)
 • Land15.81 sq mi (40.94 km2)
 • Water0.01 sq mi (0.02 km2)  0.29%
Elevation
[5]
98 ft (30 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
111,918
 • Rank8th in Orange County
63rd in California
 • Density7,080.73/sq mi (2,733.85/km2)
DemonymCosta Mesan
Time zoneUTC−8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
92626–92628
Area code714/657/949
FIPS code06-16532
GNIS feature IDs1652692, 2410239
Websitewww.costamesaca.gov

Costa Mesa (/ˌkoʊstə ˈmeɪsə/; Spanish for "coastal tableland")[6] is a city in Orange County, California, United States. Since its incorporation in 1953, the city has grown from a semi-rural farming community of 16,840 to an urban area including part of the South Coast Plaza–John Wayne Airport edge city, one of the region's largest commercial clusters, with an economy based on retail, commerce, and light manufacturing. The city is home to the two tallest skyscrapers in Orange County.[7] The population was 111,918 at the 2020 census.

History

Don Bernardo Yorba, a wealthy Californio ranchero, owned Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, which included all of modern-day Costa Mesa.

Members of the Tongva and Acjachemen nations long inhabited the area. The Tongva villages of Lupukngna, at least 3,000 years old, and the shared Tongva and Acjachemen village of Genga, at least 9,500 years old, were located in the area on the bluffs along the Santa Ana River.[8][9]

After the 1769 expedition of Gaspar de Portolà, a Spanish expedition led by Junípero Serra named the area Vallejo de Santa Ana (Valley of Saint Anne). On November 1, 1776, Mission San Juan Capistrano became the area's first permanent European settlement in Alta California, New Spain.[10]

In 1801, the Spanish Empire granted 62,500 acres (253 km2) to Jose Antonio Yorba, which he named Rancho San Antonio.

After the Mexican-American War, California became part of the United States, and American settlers arrived in this area and formed the town of Fairview in the 1880s near the modern intersection of Harbor Boulevard and Adams Avenue.

To the south, meanwhile, the community of Harper had arisen on a siding of the Santa Ana and Newport Railway, named after a local rancher. This town prospered on its agricultural goods. On May 11, 1920, Harper changed its name to Costa Mesa, which means "coastal tableland" in Spanish.[6] This is a reference to the city's geography as being a plateau by the coast. Fanny Bixby Spencer and her husband sponsored the contest which selected the city's new name.[11]

Costa Mesa surged in population during and after World War II, as many thousands trained at Santa Ana Army Air Base and returned after the war with their families. Within three decades of incorporation, the city's population had nearly quintupled.[12]

Geography

Costa Mesa is located 37 miles (60 km) southeast of Los Angeles, 87 miles (140 km) northwest of San Diego and 425 miles (684 km) southeast of San Francisco. Costa Mesa encompasses a total of 16 square miles (41 km2) with its southernmost border only 1 mile (1.6 km) from the Pacific Ocean.

Climate

Costa Mesa has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh) with mild temperatures year round. Rain falls primarily in the winter months and is close to nonexistent during the summer.

Climate data for John Wayne Airport, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1998–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 90
(32) 		91
(33) 		95
(35) 		99
(37) 		99
(37) 		96
(36) 		99
(37) 		100
(38) 		110
(43) 		106
(41) 		100
(38) 		90
(32) 		110
(43)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 83.1
(28.4) 		81.5
(27.5) 		83.2
(28.4) 		87.3
(30.7) 		85.6
(29.8) 		85.0
(29.4) 		89.0
(31.7) 		90.5
(32.5) 		97.0
(36.1) 		93.8
(34.3) 		88.6
(31.4) 		79.7
(26.5) 		99.6
(37.6)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 67.0
(19.4) 		66.7
(19.3) 		67.7
(19.8) 		70.2
(21.2) 		71.3
(21.8) 		74.1
(23.4) 		78.9
(26.1) 		80.4
(26.9) 		79.9
(26.6) 		76.5
(24.7) 		71.9
(22.2) 		66.5
(19.2) 		72.6
(22.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) 57.8
(14.3) 		58.4
(14.7) 		60.0
(15.6) 		62.6
(17.0) 		65.3
(18.5) 		68.3
(20.2) 		72.5
(22.5) 		73.8
(23.2) 		72.5
(22.5) 		67.8
(19.9) 		62.6
(17.0) 		57.4
(14.1) 		64.9
(18.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 48.6
(9.2) 		50.1
(10.1) 		52.3
(11.3) 		54.9
(12.7) 		59.3
(15.2) 		62.6
(17.0) 		66.2
(19.0) 		67.1
(19.5) 		65.0
(18.3) 		59.2
(15.1) 		53.3
(11.8) 		48.3
(9.1) 		57.2
(14.0)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 39.8
(4.3) 		40.7
(4.8) 		44.8
(7.1) 		48.8
(9.3) 		53.5
(11.9) 		58.3
(14.6) 		61.8
(16.6) 		62.7
(17.1) 		59.7
(15.4) 		53.3
(11.8) 		44.8
(7.1) 		39.2
(4.0) 		37.7
(3.2)
Record low °F (°C) 33
(1) 		36
(2) 		41
(5) 		41
(5) 		49
(9) 		54
(12) 		57
(14) 		58
(14) 		56
(13) 		46
(8) 		37
(3) 		36
(2) 		33
(1)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.59
(66) 		2.64
(67) 		1.62
(41) 		0.52
(13) 		0.27
(6.9) 		0.01
(0.25) 		0.04
(1.0) 		0.01
(0.25) 		0.10
(2.5) 		0.54
(14) 		0.80
(20) 		2.04
(52) 		11.18
(284)
Average precipitation days 5.6 7.4 5.7 3.7 1.9 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.6 3.3 4.7 6.9 41.3
Source: NOAA[13][14]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
196037,550—
197072,66093.5%
198082,56213.6%
199096,35716.7%
2000108,72412.8%
2010109,9601.1%
2020111,9181.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]

2020

Costa Mesa, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[16] Pop 2010[17] Pop 2020[18] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 61,778 56,993 54,169 56.82% 51.83% 48.40%
Black or African American alone (NH) 1,313 1,352 1,306 1.21% 1.23% 1.17%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 329 266 232 0.30% 0.24% 0.21%
Asian alone (NH) 7,421 8,483 9,455 6.83% 7.71% 8.45%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 601 486 412 0.55% 0.44% 0.37%
Other race alone (NH) 220 243 618 0.20% 0.22% 0.55%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 2,539 2,734 4,931 2.34% 2.49% 4.41%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 34,523 39,403 40,795 31.75% 35.83% 36.45%
Total 108,724 109,960 111,918 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010

At the 2010 census Costa Mesa had a population of 109,960. The population density was 7,004.0 inhabitants per square mile (2,704.3/km2). The racial makeup of Costa Mesa was 75,335 (68.5%) White (51.8% Non-Hispanic White),[19] 1,640 (1.5%) African American, 686 (0.6%) Native American, 8,654 (7.9%) Asian, 527 (0.5%) Pacific Islander, 17,992 (16.4%) from other races, and 5,126 (4.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39,403 persons (35.8%).[20]

The Census reported that 106,990 people (97.3% of the population) lived in households, 2,232 (2.0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 738 (0.7%) were institutionalized.[citation needed]

There were 39,946 households, 12,298 (30.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 16,478 (41.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 4,369 (10.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2,392 (6.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3,013 (7.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 281 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 10,963 households (27.4%) were one person and 2,775 (6.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.68. There were 23,239 families (58.2% of households); the average family size was 3.30.[citation needed]

The age distribution was 23,682 people (21.5%) under the age of 18, 12,847 people (11.7%) aged 18 to 24, 38,211 people (34.7%) aged 25 to 44, 25,106 people (22.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 10,114 people (9.2%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 33.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.7 males.[citation needed]

There were 42,120 housing units at an average density of 2,682.9 per square mile, of the occupied units 15,799 (39.6%) were owner-occupied and 24,147 (60.4%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.9%. 42,517 people (38.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 64,473 people (58.6%) lived in rental housing units.

During 2009–2013, Costa Mesa had a median household income of $65,830, with 15.1% of the population living below the poverty line.[19]

2000

At the 2000 census there were 108,724 people in 39,206 households, including 22,778 families, in the city. The population density was 6,956.3 inhabitants per square mile (2,685.8/km2). There were 40,406 housing units at an average density of 2,585.2 units per square mile (998.2 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 69.48% White, 1.40% Black or African American, 0.78% Native American, 6.90% Asian, 0.60% Pacific Islander, 16.57% from other races, and 4.27% from two or more races. 31.75% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[21] Of the 39,206 households 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.8% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.9% were non-families. 28.1% of households were one person and 6.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.34.[citation needed]

The age distribution was 23.2% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 39.0% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.4% 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males.[citation needed]

The median household income was $50,732 and the median family income was $55,456. Males had a median income of $38,670 versus $32,365 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,342. About 8.2% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.[citation needed]

Housing

Further information: California housing shortage

Measure Y is a ballot initiative approved by voters in 2016. It requires public approval of projects that have a general plan amendment or zoning change and would add 40 or more dwelling units or 10,000 or more square feet of commercial space.[22] The median housing price is $807,000 ($505 per sq ft) and $3,500 for the median rent per month.[23] Measure Y was amended in 2022 by Measure K.

Economy

The city's economy relies heavily on retail and services. The largest center of commercial activity is South Coast Plaza, a shopping center noted for its architecture and size. The volume of sales generated by South Coast Plaza, on the strength of its more than 270 stores, places it among the highest volume regional shopping centers in the nation. It generates more than $1 billion per year in revenue.[24] South Coast Metro is a commercial, cultural, and residential district surrounding South Coast Plaza in northern Costa Mesa and southern Santa Ana, itself part of the South Coast Plaza–John Wayne Airport edge city.

Some manufacturing activity also takes place in the city, mostly in the industrial, southwestern quarter, which is home to a number of electronics, pharmaceuticals and plastics firms. Business services company Experian is the largest employer in the city,[citation needed] and has its North American headquarters in Costa Mesa.

Ceradyne, El Pollo Loco, Emulex, Hurley, RVCA, Toyota Racing Development, the Trinity Broadcasting Network, Vans, and Volcom are among the businesses headquartered in Costa Mesa. A local newspaper, the Daily Pilot, is published by the Los Angeles Times.

Newport Boulevard, 1950s

Wahoo's Fish Taco was founded in Costa Mesa in 1988 by Chinese-Brazilian brothers Eduardo "Ed" Lee, Renato "Mingo" Lee and Wing Lam.[25]

Costa Mesa offers 26 parks, a municipal golf course, 26 public schools and two libraries.[citation needed]

Top employers

According to the city's 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[26] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of employees
1 EPL Intermediate, Inc. 3,998
2 Experian 3,700
3 Coast Community College District 2,900
4 Orange Coast College 1,900
5 Automobile Club of Southern California[27] 1,773
6 Anduril Industries 1,100
7 Deloitte & Touche LLP 700
8 FileNet 600
9 Vans 550
10 Vanguard University 319

Arts and culture

Annual cultural events

The Orange County Fair takes place at the fairgrounds in Costa Mesa each July. The Fair receives more than one million visitors each year.[28]

The Annual Scarecrow & Pumpkin Festival was first held in 1938, went on hiatus for seven decades, and then was restarted in 2013.[29]

Facilities

Fairgrounds, Costa Mesa, in 2020

Adjacent to the Fairgrounds is the Pacific Amphitheatre, which has hosted acts such as Madonna, Jessica Simpson, Steppenwolf, and Kelly Clarkson.

The Segerstrom Center for the Arts and South Coast Repertory Theater are based in the city.[30]

National Football League

Costa Mesa is been home to the NFL's Las Vegas Raiders training camp since 2024. Previously it was home to the training center, training camp and corporate headquarters of the Los Angeles Chargers from 2017 to 2024. The team agreed to a lease with the facility they moved into prior to their relocation from San Diego.[31]

The building, called the Jack Hammett Sports Complex is a former office space, but Chargers players and coaches said it was an upgrade from what the team had in San Diego.[32] The Chargers occuped the facility until 2024 when it departed it for a purpose-built practice facility in El Segundo. The team gutted the first floor of the building to make room for team rooms. Construction cost more than $3.8 million. After the Chargers derparted for El Segundo, the facility became the training camp home of the Las Vegas Raiders.[33]

Decades prior, the facility was a lima bean farm owned by a Swedish immigrant family who became prominent developers in Orange County.[34]

Government

Local

A general law city, Costa Mesa has a council-manager form of government. In November 2016, voters approved changing the City Council seats from five at-large seats to six voting districts and a directly elected mayor, who acts as the chairperson for the council and head of the government.[35] The mayor serves two-year terms and councilmembers serve four year terms, with each office having a two-term limit. Municipal elections are held every two years, during which the mayor and three councilmembers are up for election.

Day to day, the city is run by a professional city manager and staff of approximately 460 full-time employees.[36] Management of the city and coordination of city services are provided by:[37]

Office Officeholder
City Manager Lori Ann Farrell Harrison
Assistant City Manager Cecilia Gallardo-Daly
City Attorney Kimberly Hall Barlow
City Clerk Brenda Green
Economic & Development Services Director Carrie Tai
Finance Director Carol Molina
I.T. Director Steve Ely
Public Works Director Raja Sethuraman
Parks and Community Services Director Brian Gruner
Fire Chief Dan Stefano
Police Chief Ronald Lawrence

Residents of the city are also governed by various special districts, including the Mesa Water District, the Orange County Water District, the Municipal Water District of Orange County, the Irvine Ranch Water District, and the Costa Mesa Sanitary District.

State and federal

In the California State Legislature, Costa Mesa is in the 37th Senate District, represented by Republican Steven Choi, and in the 73rd Assembly District, represented by Democrat Cottie Petrie-Norris.[38]

In the United States House of Representatives, Costa Mesa is in California's 47th congressional district, represented by Democrat Katie Porter.[39]

Costa Mesa city vote
by party in presidential elections
Year Democratic Republican Third Parties
2020[40] 56.00% 29,804 41.44% 22,056 2.55% 1,358
2016[41] 50.95% 21,528 40.75% 17,219 8.30% 3,507
2012[42] 47.66% 18,414 48.60% 18,778 3.74% 1,443
2008[43] 51.88% 20,542 45.32% 17,945 2.80% 1,107
2004[44] 42.91% 16,442 55.55% 21,284 1.54% 590
2000[45] 40.06% 13,733 54.13% 18,556 5.81% 1,990
1996[46] 36.97% 11,949 50.16% 16,213 12.87% 4,161
1992[47] 32.46% 12,702 40.02% 15,659 27.52% 10,769
1988[48] 33.90% 11,849 64.47% 22,534 1.63% 571
1984[49] 26.16% 8,908 72.39% 24,652 1.45% 493
1980[50] 24.67% 7,796 63.38% 20,028 11.95% 3,775
1976[51] 35.51% 9,805 62.16% 17,161 2.33% 643

Politics

According to the California Secretary of State, as of February 20, 2024, Costa Mesa has 60,789 registered voters. Of those, 22,661 (37.3%) are registered Democrats, 19,888 (32.7%) are registered Republicans, 15,204 (25%) have declined to state a political party/are independents, 2,717 (4.5%) are registered American Independents, and 319 (0.5%) are registered to the Green Party.[52]

Until 2008, Costa Mesa was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. Since 2008, Costa Mesa has mostly voted Democratic in presidential elections, owing to the GOP's shift towards cultural conservatism. In 2008, Barack Obama was the first Democrat to carry Costa Mesa in decades, while Republican nominee Mitt Romney carried the city by only 364 votes in the 2012 presidential election. Costa Mesa flipped back to Democratic in 2016, voting for Hillary Clinton by a 10.2% margin, and for Joe Biden by a 14.6% margin in 2020. [citation needed]

In 2008, Costa Mesa was one of four cities in Orange County to vote against Proposition 8 (along with Aliso Viejo, Irvine, and Laguna Beach), a statewide ballot measure that banned same-sex marriages.[53]

Education

Institutions of higher learning located in Costa Mesa include Orange Coast College, and Vanguard University (affiliated with the Assemblies of God). Whittier Law School was a former school.

Costa Mesa has two public high schools, Costa Mesa High School and Estancia High School. There are also two public middle schools; TeWinkle Middle School, which was named after Costa Mesa's first mayor, and Costa Mesa Middle School which shares the same campus as Costa Mesa High School. Costa Mesa also has two alternative high schools that share the same campus, Back Bay High School and Monte Vista High School and another, Coastline Early College High School which is on its own facility. These are located in the Newport-Mesa Unified School District.

Transportation

OC Bus in Costa Mesa

Costa Mesa is served by several bus lines of the Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA), but most transportation is by automobile. Two state highways, State Route 55 (Costa Mesa Freeway) and State Route 73 (Corona del Mar Freeway), have their respective southern and northern terminus points within Costa Mesa. The San Diego Freeway (Interstate 405) also runs through the city.[54]

Infrastructure

Civic Center

The 9.5 acres (3.8 hectares; 38 thousand square metres) Costa Mesa Civic Center is located at 77 Fair Drive. City hall is a five-story building where the primary administrative functions of the city are conducted. Also contained in the Civic Center complex are Council Chambers, the Police facility, Communications building and Fire Station No. 5.[55]

Emergency services

Fire protection is provided by the Costa Mesa Fire Department.[56] Law enforcement is the responsibility of the Costa Mesa Police Department. Emergency Medical Services are provided by the Costa Mesa Fire Department and Care Ambulance Service.[57]

Notable people

Sister city

See also

References

  1. ^ "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on November 3, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  2. ^ "City Manager's Office". City of Costa Mesa. Archived from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
  3. ^ "Costa Mesa City Council". City of Costa Mesa. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
  4. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on March 18, 2021. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  5. ^ "Costa Mesa". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  6. ^ a b "Costa Mesa: from small Native American village to world-class city". City of Costa Mesa. Retrieved September 18, 2024.
  7. ^ "Tallest Structures in Orange County". OC Almanac. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  8. ^ Early Costa Mesa. Costa Mesa Historical Society. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub. 2009. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7385-6976-5. OCLC 276818569.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  9. ^ Koerper, Henry; Mason, Roger; Peterson, Mark (2002). Catalysts to complexity : late Holocene societies of the California coast. Jon Erlandson, Terry L. Jones, Jeanne E. Arnold, Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-938770-67-8. OCLC 745176510. Archived from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
  10. ^ "Mission San Juan Capistrano". L.A. Times. April 8, 1988. Archived from the original on March 17, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  11. ^ "Historical society hosts city 'founder'". Los Angeles Times. February 12, 2013. Archived from the original on July 26, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  12. ^ Money, Luke (March 1, 2019). "Costa Mesa council to screen project that would add 1,057 residential units, office and retail space north of 405". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 2, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  13. ^ "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  14. ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  15. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  16. ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Costa Mesa city, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  17. ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Costa Mesa city, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  18. ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Costa Mesa city, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  19. ^ a b "United States QuickFacts". Archived from the original on September 17, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2013.
  20. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Costa Mesa city". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  21. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  22. ^ Money, Luke (March 6, 2019). "Proposed 1,057-unit residential complex with office and retail space moves ahead in Costa Mesa". Daily Pilot. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 8, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
  23. ^ "Real Estate Overview for Costa Mesa, CA - Trulia". www.trulia.com. Archived from the original on July 26, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
  24. ^ "Open Budget". City of Costa Mesa. 2021–2022. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
  25. ^ Sunderland, Susan (March 2, 2007). "Something's Fishy @ Wahoo's". MidWeek. Archived from the original on February 2, 2008. Retrieved December 27, 2007.
  26. ^ "22-23 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report". City of Costa Mesa. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  27. ^ Cardine, Sara (August 1, 2024). "On the road again — AAA's plans to grow Costa Mesa hub may resume after long hiatus". Daily Pilot. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
  28. ^ Money, Luke (August 24, 2018). "Record 1.47 million visitors pack 2018 O.C. Fair". Daily Pilot. Archived from the original on March 17, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  29. ^ Graham, Jordan (October 18, 2015). "Scarecrows face off in Costa Mesa competition". The Orange County Register. Archived from the original on July 15, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
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