Elections in Turkey

The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi) has 550 members, elected for a four-year term (five years before the 2007 referendum) by a system based on closed list proportional representation according to the D'Hondt method. To participate in the distribution of seats, a party must obtain at least 10% of the votes cast at the national level (the highest electoral threshold in any proportional system in the world) as well as a percentage of votes in the contested district according to a complex formula and votes for parties not seated are redistributed to the party that won the most votes. Independent candidates who receive more than 10% of the votes cast in a province are also seated and in the 2007 and 2011 elections members of the Democratic Society/Peace and Democracy Party evaded the threshold by running as independents and winning about 5% of the seats.

The president was elected for a seven-year term by the parliament prior to the 2007 constitutional changes, and will be elected for at most two consecutive five-year terms in the future.

Turkey has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and often a fourth party that is electorally successful. Since 1950, parliamentary politics has been dominated by conservative parties. Even the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) tends to identify itself with the "tradition" of Democrat Party (DP). The leftist parties, most notable of which is the Republican People's Party (CHP) draw much of their support from big cities, coastal regions, professional middle-class, civil service, military officers, and the religious minority of Alevi.

The last general election was the one that took place on 1 November 2015.

Schedule

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Type	Local Presidential	General General	None	None	None	General Local Presidential	None

General elections

Latest election

• Turkish general election, November 2015 – November 1, 2015 – Total: 550

1. AKP: 317 seats
2. CHP: 134 seats
3. MHP: 40 seats
4. HDP: 59 seats

Past elections

• Turkish general election, June 2015 – June 7, 2015 – Total: 550

1. AKP: 258 seats
2. CHP: 132 seats
3. MHP: 80 seats
4. HDP: 80 seats

• Turkish general election, 2011 – June 12, 2011 – Total: 550

1. AKP: 327 seats
2. CHP: 135 seats
3. MHP: 53 seats
4. Independent: 35 seats (included 29 members of the Peace and Democracy Party)

• Turkish general election, 2007 – July 22, 2007 – Total: 550

1. AKP: 341 seats
2. CHP: 112 seats
3. MHP: 71 seats
4. Independent: 26 seats (included 20 members of the Democratic Society Party)

• Turkish general election, 2002 – November 3, 2002 – Total: 555

1. AKP: 363 seats
2. CHP: 178 seats
3. Independent: 9 seats

• Turkish general election, 1999 – April 18, 1999 – Total: 550

1. DSP: 136 seats
2. MHP: 129 seats
3. FP: 111 seats
4. ANAP: 86 seats
5. DYP: 85 seats
6. Independent: 3 seats

• Turkish general election, 1995 – December 24, 1995 – Total: 550

1. RP: 158 seats
2. DYP: 135 seats
3. ANAP: 132 seats
4. DSP: 76 seats
5. SHP: 49 seats

• Turkish general election, 1991 – October 20, 1991 – Total: 450

1. DYP: 178 seats
2. ANAP: 115 seats
3. SHP: 88 seats
4. RP: 62 seats
5. DSP: 7 seats

• Turkish general election, 1987 – November 29, 1987 – Total: 450

1. ANAP: 292 seats
2. SHP: 99 seats
3. DYP: 59 seats

• Turkish general election, 1983 – November 6, 1983 – Total: 399

1. ANAP: 211 seats
2. HP: 117 seats
3. MDP: 71 seats

• Turkish general election, 1977 – June 5, 1977 – Total: 450

1. CHP: 213 seats
2. AP: 189 seats
3. MSP: 24 seats
4. MHP: 16 seats
5. CGP: 3 seats
6. DP: 1 seat
7. Independent: 4 seats

• Turkish general election, 1973 – October 14, 1973 – Total: 450

1. CHP: 185 seats
2. AP: 149 seats
3. MSP: 48 seats
4. DP: 45 seats
5. CGP: 13 seats
6. MHP: 3 seats
7. TBP: 1 seats
8. Independent: 6

• Turkish general election, 1969 – October 12, 1969 – Total: 450

1. AP: 256 seats
2. CHP: 143 seats
3. GP: 15 seats
4. BP: 8 seats
5. MP: 6 seats
6. YTP: 6 seats
7. TİP: 2 seats
8. MHP: 1 seat
9. Independent: 13 seats

• Turkish general election, 1965 – October 10, 1965 – Total: 450

1. AP: 240 seats
2. CHP: 134 seats
3. MP: 31 seats
4. YTP: 19 seats
5. TİP: 14 seats
6. CMKP: 11 seats
7. Independent: 1 seat

• Turkish general election, 1961 – October 15, 1961 – Total: 450

1. CHP: 173 seats
2. AP: 158 seats
3. YTP: 65 seats
4. CMKP: 54 seats

• Turkish general election, 1957 – October 27, 1957 – Total: 610

1. DP: 424 seats
2. CHP: 178 seats
3. CMP: 4 seats
4. HP: 4 seats

• Turkish general election, 1954 – May 2, 1954 – Total: 541

1. DP: 502 seats
2. CHP: 31 seats
3. CMP: 5 seats
4. Independent: 3 seats

• Turkish general election, 1950 – May 14, 1950 – Total: 539

1. DP: 470 seats
2. CHP: 69 seats

• Turkish general election, 1946 – July 21, 1946 – Total: 465

1. CHP: 396 seats
2. DP: 62 seats
3. Independent: 7 seats

• Turkish general election, 1943 – February 28, 1943
• Turkish general election, 1939 – March 26, 1939
• Turkish general election, 1935 – February 8, 1935
• Turkish general election, 1931 – April 25, 1931 – Total: 317

1. CHP: 287 seats
2. Independent: 30 seats

• Turkish general election, 1927 – 2nd round: July 27, 1927 – MP election: September 1, 1927
• Turkish general election, 1923 – June 28, 1923

Presidential elections

Main article: History of Turkish presidential elections

• Turkish presidential election, 2014, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan succeeded Abdullah Gül
• Turkish presidential election, 2007, Abdullah Gül succeeded Ahmet Necdet Sezer
• Turkish presidential election, 2000, Ahmet Necdet Sezer succeeded Süleyman Demirel
• Turkish presidential election, 1993, Süleyman Demirel succeeded Turgut Özal
• Turkish presidential election, 1989, Turgut Özal succeeded Kenan Evren
• Turkish constitutional referendum, 1982, Kenan Evren named president in new constitution until 1989
• Turkish presidential election, 1980, parties failed to elect a president to succeed Fahri Korutürk, 1980 Turkish coup d'état ensued

Local elections

Latest election

• Turkish local elections, 2014 – March 30, 2014
  • AKP: 43.31%
  • CHP: 25.59%
  • MHP: 17.63%
  • ...others

Past elections

• Turkish local elections, 2009 – March 22, 2009
  • AKP: 38.99%
  • CHP: 23.23%
  • MHP: 16.13%
  • ...others
• Turkish local elections, 2004 – March 28, 2004
  • AKP: 41.6%
  • CHP: 18.2%
  • MHP: 10.4%
  • DYP: 9.9%
• Turkish local elections, 1999 – April 18, 1999
  • DSP: 18.7%
  • MHP: 17.17%
  • FP: 16.48%
  • ANAP: 15.03%
  • DYP: 13.21%
  • CHP: 11.08%
  • ...others
• Turkish local elections, 1994 – March 27, 1994
  • DYP: 21.41%
  • ANAP: 21.09%
  • RP: 19.14%
  • SHP: 13.53%
  • DSP: 8.75%
  • MHP: 7.95%
  • CHP: 4.61%
  • ...others
• Turkish local elections, 1989 – March 26, 1989
  • SHP: 28.69%
  • DYP: 25.13%
  • ANAP: 21.8%
  • RP: 9.8%
  • DSP: 9.03%
  • MHP: 4.14%
  • ...others
• Turkish local elections, 1984 – March 25, 1984
  • ANAP: 41.52%
  • SODEP: 23.35%
  • DYP: 13.25%
  • HP: 8.76%
  • MDP: 7.09%
  • RP: 4.4%
  • Independent: 1.63%
• Turkish local elections, 1977 – December 11, 1977
  • CHP: 41.73%
  • AP: 37.1%
  • MSP: 6.91%
  • MHP: 6.62%
  • DP: 1.0%
  • ...others
• Turkish local elections, 1973 – December 9, 1973
  • CHP: 37.09%
  • AP: 32.32%
  • DP: 10.75%
  • MSP: 6.2%
  • CGP: 2.9%
  • MHP: 1.33%
  • ...others
• Turkish local elections, 1968 – June 2, 1968
  • AP: 49.06%
  • CHP: 27.9%
  • GP: 6.62%
  • MP: 3.5%
  • TİP: 2.72%
  • BP: 1.64%
  • ...others
• Turkish local elections, 1963 – November 17, 1963
  • AP: 45.48%
  • CHP: 36.22%
  • YTP: 6.51%
  • MP: 3.09%
  • CKMP: 3.06%
  • TİP: 0.4%
  • ...others
• Turkish local elections, 1955
• Turkish local elections, 1950 – September 3, 1950
  • DP: 560 municipalities
  • CHP: 40 municipalities
• Turkish local elections, 1946
  • CHP: 54.65%
  • DP: 43.35%
• Turkish local elections, 1942
• Turkish local elections, 1938
• Turkish local elections, 1934
• Turkish local elections, 1930
  • CHP: 502 municipalities
  • SCF: 40 municipalities

Referendums

• Turkish constitutional referendum, 2010
• Turkish constitutional referendum, 2007
• Turkish constitutional referendum, 1988
• Turkish constitutional referendum, 1987
• Turkish constitutional referendum, 1982
• Turkish constitutional referendum, 1961

See also

• Electoral cycle of Turkey
• List of Turkish elections
• List of Cabinets of Turkey
• Electoral calendar
• Electoral system
• Parliamentary terms of Turkey

External links

• Adam Carr's Election Archive
• European Court of Human Rights decision on the threshold