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'''Religion in national symbols''' can often be found in [[national anthem]]s or [[flag]]s. This has led to controversy in some countries in regard to the [[separation of church and state]], when the national symbol is officially sanctioned by a [[government]]. |
'''Religion in national symbols''' can often be found in [[national anthem]]s or [[flag]]s. This has led to controversy in some countries in regard to the [[separation of church and state]], when the national symbol is officially sanctioned by a [[government]]. <ref>http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/11/25/64-countries-have-religious-symbols-on-their-national-flags/<ref> |
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==Flags which incorporate symbols of religion== |
==Flags which incorporate symbols of religion== |
Revision as of 10:04, 1 December 2014
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Religion in national symbols can often be found in national anthems or flags. This has led to controversy in some countries in regard to the separation of church and state, when the national symbol is officially sanctioned by a government. Cite error: A <ref>
tag is missing the closing </ref>
(see the help page).
|-
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|Andorra (flag)
|Includes a bishop's mitre, representing the Bishop of Urgell.[1]
|-
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|Colombia (flag)
|blue represents the equality of all races and social classes before God and the law[2]
|-
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|Denmark (flag)
|Nordic Cross Flag[3]
|-
|
|Dominica (flag)
|The cross represents the Trinity[4]
|-
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|Dominican Republic (flag)
|A Bible, the color white stands for salvation[5]
|-
|
|El Salvador (flag)
| Dios, Unión, Libertad (God, Union, Liberty)
|-
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|Finland (flag)
|Nordic Cross Flag[3]
|-
|
|Greece (flag)
|the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy[6]
|-
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|Iceland (flag)
|Nordic Cross Flag[3]
|-
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|Ireland (flag)
|The green symbolizes the Catholic population. The orange symbolizes the Protestants.[7]
|-
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|Moldova (flag)
|Cross of the Moldovan Orthodox Church
|-
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|Norway (flag)
|Nordic Cross Flag[3]
|-
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|Portugal (flag)
|Compound cross of five quinas, each one charged with five saltire-arranged bezants, representing the five wounds of Christ[8]
|-
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|Sweden (flag)
|Nordic Cross Flag[3]
|-
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|Slovakia (flag)
|Patriarchal cross[9]
|-
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|United Kingdom (flag)
|Crosses of St. George, St. Andrew and St. Patrick[10]
|-
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|Vatican City (flag)
|The flag consists of two vertical bands, one of gold (hoist side) and one of white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the Papal Tiara centered in the white band
|}
Islam
Flag | Country | Religious characteristics |
---|---|---|
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Afghanistan (flag) | Shahadah and a mosque, green may represent Islam[11] |
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Algeria (flag) | Star and crescent, green color symbolizes Islam[12] |
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Azerbaijan (flag) | Green stands for Islam, the crescent moon is also an Islamic symbol[13] |
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Bahrain (flag) | five points represent the five pillars of Islam[14] |
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Brunei (flag) | Crescent moon[15] |
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Comoros (flag) | Star and crescent and green color are traditional symbols of Islam[16] |
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Iran (flag) | The word "Allah" ("God"), the phrase "Allahu Akbar" is repeated on the edges of the red and green bands[17] |
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Iraq (flag) | The phrase "Allah Akbar" ("God is Great")[18] |
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Jordan (flag) | The seven-pointed star represents the seven verses of the Quran's first sura[19] |
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Malaysia (flag) | Crescent moon[20] |
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Maldives (flag) | White crescent moon symbolizes Islam[21] |
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Mauritania (flag) | Star and crescent and green color symbolize Islam[22] |
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Pakistan (flag) | The dark green field symbolizes the Muslim majority of Pakistan.[23] |
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Saudi Arabia (flag) | Shahada (Muslim creed) on green, a color traditionally associated with Islam[24] |
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Senegal (flag) | The green stripe and star represent Islam.[25][26] |
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Sudan (flag) | Green represents Islam.[27] |
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Turkey (flag) | Star and Crescent |
Judaism
Flag | Country | Religious characteristics |
---|---|---|
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Israel (flag) | The basic design is based on a Jewish prayer shawl, the Star of David is a symbol of Judaism[28] |
Buddhism/Hinduism
Flag | Country | Religious characteristics |
---|---|---|
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Bhutan (flag) | The orange half signifies Buddhist spiritual tradition[29] |
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Cambodia (flag) | Angkor Wat[30] |
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India (flag) | The Ashok Chakra represents the Laws of Dharma (righteousness).[31] |
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Sri Lanka (flag) | The four bo leaves symbolize four Buddhist metaphysical concepts.[32] |
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Thailand (flag) | white for Theravada Buddhism[33] |
Traditional
Flag | Country | Religious characteristics |
---|---|---|
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Argentina (flag) | Sun of May's features are that of the Inca god Inti[34] |
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Kazakhstan (flag) | Blue represents the sky god Tengri |
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Uruguay (flag) | Sun of May's features are that of the Inca god Inti[35] |
National anthems which incorporate religion
- Afghanistan
Milli Tharana (Afghan National Anthem) (Islam)
- Albania
Himni i Flamurit (Anthem of the Flag) (Islam/Christianity)
- Antigua and Barbuda
Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee (Christianity)
- Austria
Land der Berge, Land am Strome (Land of the Mountains, Land on the River) (Christianity)
- The Bahamas
March On, Bahamaland (Christianity)
- Bahrain
Bahrainona (Our Bahrain) (Islam)
- Barbados
In Plenty and In Time of Need (Christianity)
- Belarus
My Belarusy (We Belarussians) (Christianity)
- Belize
Land of the Free (Christianity)
- Bolivia
Himno Nacional de Bolivia (National Anthem of Bolivia) (Christianity)
- Botswana
Fatshe leno la Rona (Blessed Be This Noble Land) (Christianity)
- Brunei
Allah Peliharakan Sultan (God Bless the Sultan) (Islam)
- Burundi
Burundi Bwacu (Our Burundi) (Christianity)
- Cambodia
Nokoreach (Royal Kingdom) (Buddhism)
- Canada
O Canada (Christianity)
- Chad
La Tchadienne (Song of the Chadian) (Islam)
- Chile
Himno Nacional de Chile (National Anthem of Chile) (Christianity)
- Colombia
Himno Nacional de la República de Colombia (National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia) (Christianity)
- Comoros
Udzima wa ya Masiwa (The Union of the Great Islands) (Islam)
- Côte d'Ivoire
L'Abidjanaise (Song of Abidjan) (Islam/Christianity)
- Czech Republic
Kde Domov Můj? (Where is my Home?) (Christianity)
- Denmark
Der er et Yndigt Land (There is a Lovely Country) (Traditional)
- Dominica
Isle of Beauty, Isle of Splendour (Christianity)
- DR Congo
Debout Congolais (Arise Congolese) (Christianity)
- Ecuador
Salve, Oh Patria (We Salute You, Our Homeland) (Christianity)
- Egypt
Bilady, Bilady, Bilady (My Homeland, my Homeland, my Homeland) (Islam)
- El Salvador
Himno Nacional de El Salvador (National Anthem of El Salvador) (Christianity)
- Estonia
Mu Isamaa, mu Õnn ja Rõõm (My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy) (Christianity)
- Fiji
God Bless Fiji (Christianity)
- France
La Marseillaise (The Song from Marseille) (Christianity)
- The Gambia
For The Gambia Our Homeland (Islam)
- Ghana
God Bless Our Homeland Ghana (Christianity)
- Georgia
Tavisupleba (Freedom) (Christianity)
- Grenada
Hail Grenada (Christianity)
- Guyana
Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains (Christianity/Islam/Hinduism)
- Haiti
La Dessalinienne (The Dessalines Song) (Christianity)
- Honduras
Himno Nacional de Honduras (National Anthem of Honduras) (Christianity)
- Hungary
Himnusz (Anthem) (Christianity)
- Iceland
Lofsöngur (Hymn) (Christianity)
- India
Jana Gana Mana (Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People) (Hinduism/Sikhism/Islam/Christianity/Jainism)
- Indonesia
Indonesia Raya (Greater Indonesia) (Islam)
- Iran
Sorud-e Melli-e Jomhuri-e Eslami-e Iran (National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran) (Islam)
- Israel
Hatikvah (The Hope) (Judaism)
- Italy
Il Canto degli Italiani (The Song of the Italians) (Christianity)
- Japan
Kimigayo (His Majesty's Reign) (Shintoism/Buddhism)
- Jordan
As-Salam al-Malaki al-Urduni (Peace to the King of Jordan) (Islam)
- Kenya
Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu (Oh God of All Creation) (Christianity)
- Kiribati
Teirake Kaini Kiribati (Stand Up, Kiribati) (Christianity)
- Kuwait
Al-Nasheed Al-Watani (National Anthem) (Islam)
- South Korea
Aegukga (Patriotic Song) (Christianity)
- Latvia
Dievs, svētī Latviju! (God, Bless Latvia!) (Christianity)
- Lebanon
Ạlnsẖyd Ạlwṭny Ạllbnạny (Lebanese National Anthem) (Christianity/Islam)
- Lesotho
Lesotho Fatse La Bontata Rona (Lesotho, Land of our Fathers) (Christianity)
- Liberia
All Hail, Liberia, Hail! (Christianity)
- Libya
Libya, Libya, Libya (Islam)
- Liechtenstein
Oben am jungen Rhein (Up above the young Rhine) (Christianity)
- Madagascar
Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô! (Oh, Our Beloved Father Land) (Traditional/Christianity)
- Malawi
Mulungu dalitsa Malaŵi (O God bless our land of Malawi) (Christianity)
- Malaysia
Negaraku (My Country) (Islam)
- Maldives
Gaumii Salaam (National Salute) (Islam)
- Mali
Le Mali (Mali) (Islam)
- Malta
L-Innu Malti (The Maltese Hymn) (Christianity)
- Marshall Islands
Forever Marshall Islands (Christianity)
- Mauritania
Nshyd Wtny Mwrytany (National Anthem of Mauritania) (Islam)
- Mauritius
Motherland (Christianity)
- Mexico
Himno Nacional Mexicano (Mexican National Anthem) (Christianity)
- Micronesia
Patriots of Micronesia (Christianity)
- Monaco
Hymne Monégasque (Monégasque Anthem) (Christianity)
- Morocco
Alnshyd Alwtny Almghrby (Cherifian Anthem) (Islam)
- Nauru
Nauru Bwiema (Nauru, our Homeland) (Christianity)
- Nepal
Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka (We are Hundreds of Flowers) (Hinduism/Buddhism)
- Netherlands
Wilhelmus (William) (most of the verses contain a link to religion and the 6th verse is entirely devoted to God) (Christianity)
- New Zealand
God Defend New Zealand and God Save the Queen (Christianity)
- Nigeria
Arise, O Compatriots (Islam/Christianity)
- Norway
Ja, vi Elsker dette Landet (Yes, we Love this Country) (Christianity)
- Oman
Nashid as-Salaam as-Sultani (Royal Anthem of Peace) (Islam)
- Pakistan
Qaumī Tarāna (National Anthem) (Islam)
- Palau
Belau Rekid (Our Palau) (Christianity)
- Panama
Himno Istmeño (Hymn of the Isthmus) (Christianity)
- Papua New Guinea
O Arise, All You Sons (Christianity)
- Paraguay
Paraguayos, República o Muerte (Paraguayans, Republic or Death) (Christianity)
- Peru
Himno Nacional del Perú (National Anthem of Peru) (Christianity)
- Qatar
As Salam al Amiri (Peace to the Amir) (Islam)
- Rwanda
Rwanda Nziza (Beautiful Rwanda) (Christianity)
- Romania
Deșteaptă-te, Române! (Awaken, Romanian!) (Christianity)
- Russia
Gosudarstvenny Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsi (State Anthem of the Russian Federation) (Christianity)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
O Land of Beauty! (Christianity)
- Saint Lucia
Sons and Daughters of Saint Lucia (Christianity)
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Vincent Land so Beautiful (Christianity)
- Samoa
O Le Fu'a o Le Sa'olotoga o Samoa (The Banner of Freedom) (Christianity)
- Saudi Arabia
Aash Al Maleek (Long Live the King) (Islam)
- Senegal
Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons (Everyone Strum your Koras, Strike the Balafons) (Islam)
- Serbia
Bože pravde (God of Justice) (Christianity)
- Seychelles
Koste Seselwa (Join together all Seychellois) (Christianity)
- Sierra Leone
High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free (Islam/Christianity)
- Slovakia
Nad Tatrou sa Blýska (Lightning over the Tatras) (Christianity)
- Slovenia
Zdravljica (A Toast) (Christianity)
- Solomon Islands
God Save Our Solomon Islands (Christianity)
- Somalia
Qolobaa Calankeed (Praise the Homeland) (Islam)
- South Africa
National Anthem of South Africa (Christianity)
- South Sudan
South Sudan Oyee! (Christianity)
- Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Matha (Mother Sri Lanka) (Buddhism/Hinduism)
- Sudan
Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan (We are the Soldiers of God and of our Homeland) (Islam)
- Suriname
God zij met ons Suriname (God be with our Suriname) (Christianity)
- Swaziland
Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati (O Lord is our God, Swaziland) (Christianity)
- Sweden
Du gamla, Du fria (Thou ancient, Thou free) (Christianity)
- Switzerland
Schweizerpsalm/Cantique Suisse/Salmo Svizzero/Psalm Svizzer (Swiss Psalm) (Christianity)
- Syria
Humat ad-Diyar (Guardians of the Homeland) (Islam)
- Tanzania
Mungu ibariki Afrika (God Bless Africa) (Christianity/Islam)
- Togo
Salut à Toi, Pays de nos Aïeux (Hail to Thee, Land of our Forefathers) (Christianity)
- Tonga
Ko e fasi 'o e tu'i 'o e 'Otu Tonga (The Song of the King of the Tongan Islands) (Christianity)
- Trinidad and Tobago
Forged from the Love of Liberty (Christianity)
- Tunisia
Humat al-Hima (Defenders of the Homeland) (Islam)
- Turkey
İstiklâl Marşı (Independence March) (Islam)
- Tuvalu
Tuvalu mo te Atua (Tuvalu for the Almighty) (Christianity)
- United Arab Emirates
Ishy Bilady (Long Live my Nation) (Islam)
- Uganda
Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty (Christianity)
- Uruguay
Himno Nacional de Uruguay (Christianity)
- United Kingdom
God Save the Queen (Christianity)
- United States
Star Spangled Banner (fourth verse) (Christianity)
- Uzbekistan
O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi (National Anthem of Uzbekistan) (Islam)
- Vanuatu
Yumi, Yumi, Yumi (We, We, We) (Christianity)
- Vatican City
Inno e Marcia Pontificale (Hymn and Pontifical March) (Christianity)
- Venezuela
Gloria al Bravo Pueblo (Glory to the Brave People) (Christianity)
- Yemen
Nashīd al-Yaman al-Watani (National Anthem of Yemen) (Islam)
- Zambia
Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free (Christianity)
- Zimbabwe
National Anthem of Zimbabwe (Christianity)
Old anthems
- Austria-Hungary
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser (Christianity)
- Kingdom of Egypt
Es Salaam el Gamhoury el Masry (Islam)
- Ethiopian Empire
Ityopp'ya Hoy (Ethiopia be Happy) (Christianity)
- Iran under the Pahlavi dynasty
Sorood-e Shahanshahi Iran (Imperial Salute of Iran) (Islam)
- Libya
Allahu Akbar (God is Greatest) (Islam)
- Manchukuo
National Anthem of Manchukuo (Shinto/Buddhism)
- Netherlands Antilles
Anthem without a title (Christianity)
- Dominion of Newfoundland
Ode to Newfoundland (Christianity)
- Orange Free State
Volkslied van de Oranje Vrijstaat (National Anthem of the Orange Free State) (Christianity)
- Rhodesia
Rise O Voices of Rhodesia (Christianity)
- Kingdom of Romania
Trăiască Regele (Long Live the King) (Christianity)
- Russian Empire
God Save The Tsar! (Christianity)
- Union of South Africa
Die Stem van Suid-Afrika (The Call of South Africa) (Christianity)
- Tibet
Gyallu (Buddhism)
Coat of arms
Christianity
Coat of arms | Country | Religious characteristics |
---|---|---|
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Andorra (Coat of arms) | Includes a bishop's mitre, representing the Bishop of Urgell. |
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Armenia (Coat of arms) | Mount Ararat with Noah's Ark sitting atop it. |
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Dominican Republic (Coat of arms) | cross, Bible, 'Dios, Patria, Libertad' ('God, Fatherland, Liberty') |
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El Salvador (Coat of arms) | Dios, Unión, Libertad (God, Union, Liberty) |
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Fiji (Coat of arms) | 'Rerevaka na kalou ka doka na Tui' ('Fear God and honour the Queen') |
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Georgia (Coat of arms) | St. George |
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Greece (Coat of arms) | Greek cross |
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Hungary (Coat of arms) | cross |
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Iceland (Coat of arms) | Nordic cross |
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Moldova (Coat of arms) | cross |
Nauru (Coat of arms) | 'God's Will First' | |
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Nigeria (Coat of arms) | 'Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress' |
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Norway (Coat of arms) | A globus cruciger on top of the coat of arms as a Christian symbol of authority |
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Portugal (Coat of arms) | Compound cross of five quinas, each one charged with five saltire-arranged bezants |
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Romania (Coat of arms) | cross |
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Samoa (Coat of arms) | 'Faavae i Le Atua Samoa' ('Samoa is founded on God'), cross |
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Serbia (Coat of arms) | Serbian cross |
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Slovakia (Coat of arms) | Patriarchal cross |
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Spain (Coat of arms) | cross |
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Tonga (Coat of arms) | cross, dove, 'Ko e ʻOtua mo Tonga ko hoku Tofiʻa' ('God and Tonga are my inheritance') |
File:Coat of arms of the Republic of Uganda.svg | Uganda (Coat of arms) | For God and My Country |
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United Kingdom (Coat of arms) | cross, 'Dieu et mon droit' ('God and my right') |
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Vatican City (Coat of arms) | The crossed keys of Saint Peter and the Papal Tiara |
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Vanuatu (Coat of arms) | 'Long God yumi stanap' ('In God we stand') |
Islam
Coat of arms | Country | Religious characteristics |
---|---|---|
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Afghanistan (Coat of arms) | shahadah, mosque, mehrab, Prayer rug |
File:Seal of Algeria.svg | Algeria (Coat of arms) | Crescent and star |
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Azerbaijan (Coat of arms) | Calligraphic representation of the name Allah in the form of an Eternal Flame, green |
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Bahrain (Coat of arms) | five points represent the five pillars of Islam |
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Brunei (Coat of arms) | Crescent moon, الدائمون المحسنون بالهدى (Always in service with God's guidance) |
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Comoros (Coat of arms) | Crescent and star |
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Iran (Coat of arms) | Name of Allah |
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Iraq (Coat of arms) | الله أكبر (God is Great) |
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Jordan (Coat of arms) | Its colours of the eagle signifies the banner of the Prophet Mohammad, the globe signifies the emergence of Islamic civilisation, الراجي من الله التوفيق والعون (Who seeks support and guidance from God) |
Malaysia (Coat of arms) | Crescent moon | |
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Maldives (Coat of arms) | Crescent and star |
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Mali (Coat of arms) | Great Mosque of Djenné, Un Peuple, Un But, Une Foi (One People, One Goal, One Faith) |
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Mauritania (Coat of arms) | Crescent and star, green |
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Morocco (Coat of arms) | إن تنصروا الله ينصركم (If you glorify God, he will glorify you) |
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Pakistan (Coat of arms) | ایمان ، اتحاد ، نظم (Faith, Unity, Discipline), Crescent and star, green |
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Senegal (Coat of arms) | Un, Peuple, Un But, Une Foi (One People, One Goal, One Faith) |
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Turkey (Coat of arms) | Crescent and star |
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Tunisia (Cat of arms) | Crescent and star |
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Uzbekistan (Coat of arms) | Rub el Hizb, Crescent and star |
Judaism
Coat of arms | Country | Religious characteristics |
---|---|---|
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Israel (Coat of arms) | Menorah, blue |
Buddhism
Coat of arms | Country | Religious characteristics |
---|---|---|
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Bhutan (Coat of arms) | Durk, lotus |
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India (Coat of arms) | Ashoka Chakra, Lion Capital of Asoka |
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Laos (Coat of arms) | Pha That Luang |
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Mongolia (Coat of arms) | Three Jewels, Wheel of Dharma |
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Sri Lanka (Coat of arms) | Blue Lotus, Dharmacakra |
Hinduism
Coat of arms | Country | Religious characteristics |
---|---|---|
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Indonesia (Coat of arms) | Garuda |
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Thailand (Coat of arms) | Garuda |
Taoism/Confucianism
Coat of arms | Country | Religious characteristics |
---|---|---|
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South Korea (Coat of arms) | yin and yang |
Traditional
Coat of arms | Country | Religious characteristics |
---|---|---|
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Argentina (Coat of arms) | Sun of May |
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Uruguay (Coat of arms) | Sun of May |
See also
- Religious symbolism
- French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools
- United States military chaplain symbols
References
- ^ Zartman, Rubin (2002). Power and Negotiation. p. 111. ISBN 0472089072.
- ^ "Flag of Colombia on CRW". Crwflags.com. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
- ^ a b c d e Jeroen Temperman. State Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
Many predominantly Christian states show a cross, symbolising Christianity, on their national flag. Scandinavian crosses or Nordic crosses on the flags of the Nordic countries–Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden–also represent Christianity.
- ^ "Flag Description: Dominica". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Dominican Republic". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Greece". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ Talocci, Mauro (1982). Guide to the Flags of the World. p. 271. ISBN 0688011411.
- ^ "A Bandeira de Portugal". Portugal (in Portuguese). Criar Mundos. August 2005. Retrieved 2007-02-19.
- ^ "O štátnej vlajke, štátnej zástave, štátnom znaku a štátnej pečati". Joint Czech–Slovak Digital Parliamentary Library. Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. June 1939. Retrieved 2013-06-23.
- ^ "Union Jack". The Royal Household. Retrieved 2013-06-23.
- ^ "Flag Description: Afghanistan". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Algeria". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Azerbaijan". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Bahrain". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Brunei". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Comoros". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Iran". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Iraq". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Jordan". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Malaysia". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Maldives". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Mauritania". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Pakistan Flag". Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Saudi Arabia". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Senegal on Flagspot". Flagspot.net. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
- ^ Philip, George and Son (December 26, 2002). Encyclopedic World Atlas. Oxford University Press. p. 198. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
- ^ World Flags 101. "Sudan Flag - World Flags 101". WorldFlags101.com. Moxy Media. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Flag Description: Israel". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan" (PDF). Government of Bhutan. 2008-07-18. Retrieved 2010-10-08.
{{cite web}}
:|chapter=
ignored (help) - ^ "Flag Description: Cambodia". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ Flags of the world: an illustrated guide to contemporary flags Alfred Znamierowski – 2000, ISBN 1-84215-337-4
- ^ "The Sri Lankan Lion flag -how it came to be". Virtual Library Sri Lanka.
- ^ "Flag Description: Thailand". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag Description: Argentina". World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
- ^ "Flag of Uruguay". All-flags-world.com. Retrieved 2014-02-02.