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== History ==
== History ==
[[File:Ozone galleria.jpg|thumb|Ozone mall and multiplex in Dhanbad.]]
The present district used to be a part of [[Manbhum]]. In the Settlement Report for Manbhum (1928) it was stated that no rock inscriptions, copper plates or old coins were discovered and not a single document of copper plate or palm leaf was found, during the Survey and Settlement operations. The oldest authentic documents produced were all on paper and barely even a hundred years old.<ref name="indiatravelite1">[http://www.indiatravelite.com/Bihar/dhanbadintroduction.htm Dhanbad Introduction/Jharkhand-Dhanbad Sightseeing-Dhanbad Jharkhand Transport-Places of Interest in Dhanbad]. Indiatravelite.com. Retrieved on 2012-04-14.</ref>
The present district used to be a part of [[Manbhum]]. In the Settlement Report for Manbhum (1928) it was stated that no rock inscriptions, copper plates or old coins were discovered and not a single document of copper plate or palm leaf was found, during the Survey and Settlement operations. The oldest authentic documents produced were all on paper and barely even a hundred years old.<ref name="indiatravelite1">[http://www.indiatravelite.com/Bihar/dhanbadintroduction.htm Dhanbad Introduction/Jharkhand-Dhanbad Sightseeing-Dhanbad Jharkhand Transport-Places of Interest in Dhanbad]. Indiatravelite.com. Retrieved on 2012-04-14.</ref>
Dhanbad was in [[Manbhum]] district from 1928 up to 1956.<ref name="indiatravelite1"/> However, on 24 October 1956, Dhanbad was declared a District on the Recommendation of the [[States Reorganisation Commission]] vide notification 1911. This was done under the strong commitment and leadership from a renowned journalist Mr. Satish Chandra. In the year 2006, Dhanbad celebrated 50 years of being an independent District. From 1956 to 14 November 2000 it was under Bihar. At present it is in [[Jharkhand]], after the creation of state on 15 November 2000.<ref>BIHAR REORGANISATION ACT,2000</ref>
Dhanbad was in [[Manbhum]] district from 1928 up to 1956.<ref name="indiatravelite1"/> However, on 24 October 1956, Dhanbad was declared a District on the Recommendation of the [[States Reorganisation Commission]] vide notification 1911. This was done under the strong commitment and leadership from a renowned journalist Mr. Satish Chandra. In the year 2006, Dhanbad celebrated 50 years of being an independent District. From 1956 to 14 November 2000 it was under Bihar. At present it is in [[Jharkhand]], after the creation of state on 15 November 2000.<ref>BIHAR REORGANISATION ACT,2000</ref>

Revision as of 14:42, 11 December 2015

This article is about the municipality in India. For its namesake district, see Dhanbad district.

Dhanbad
धनबाद,دھنباد
Metropolitan City
From top clockwise: Dhanbad Railway Station, Golchakkar, Bank more (both)
From top clockwise: Dhanbad Railway Station, Golchakkar, Bank more (both)
Nickname: 
'The Coal Capital of India'
CountryIndia India
StateJharkhand
DistrictDhanbad
Area
 • Total2,052 km2 (792 sq mi)
Elevation
222 m (728 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total1,195,298
 • Rank33rd
 • Density1,284/km2 (3,330/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialHindi, Urdu
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
826001
Telephone code+91-326
Vehicle registrationJH 10
Websitewww.dhanbad.nic.in

Dhanbad is a city in the Indian state of Jharkhand, India.[1] It is the most populated city in Jharkhand.[2] Dhanbad along with its urban areas population ranks 33rd in population amongst other cities in India.

Dhanbad is famous for its coal mining and has some of the largest mines in India. Tata Steel, Bharat Coking Coal (BCCL), ECL and IISCO (Indian Iron And Steel Company) are some of the companies having coal mines in the district. The Indian School of Mines is located in Dhanbad. Among the rail divisions of Indian Railway, Dhanbad Rail Division is the second largest in terms of revenue generation after the Mumbai division.[3]

There are records of settlements in the area from the 7th century. In the modern era, Dhanbad was originally in Dhanbad district before becoming part of Manbhum of Bihar before finally becoming part of Jharkhand state in 2000.

The city has one parliamentary seat and six seats in the Legislative Assembly.

Etymology

The Dhanbad originated from the district of Manbhum occupied by Mundari or Kolarian races in the wilderness of South undivided Bihar. In the seventh century A.D. some information is available from the account of the travels of Hieun Tsang. These accounts narrate existence of a powerful kingdom which comprised the district and adjoining areas, ruled by Sasanka.[4]

Geography and climate

Dhanbad
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
17
 
 
25
11
 
 
18
 
 
28
14
 
 
18
 
 
33
18
 
 
22
 
 
38
23
 
 
49
 
 
39
25
 
 
192
 
 
35
25
 
 
342
 
 
31
24
 
 
311
 
 
31
24
 
 
282
 
 
31
23
 
 
105
 
 
31
20
 
 
7
 
 
28
16
 
 
5
 
 
25
11
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: IMD
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.7
 
 
77
52
 
 
0.7
 
 
82
57
 
 
0.7
 
 
91
64
 
 
0.9
 
 
100
73
 
 
1.9
 
 
102
77
 
 
7.6
 
 
95
77
 
 
13
 
 
88
75
 
 
12
 
 
88
75
 
 
11
 
 
88
73
 
 
4.1
 
 
88
68
 
 
0.3
 
 
82
61
 
 
0.2
 
 
77
52
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Dhanbad has an average elevation of 227 m (745 ft). Its geographical length (extending from north to south) is 15 miles (24 km) and the breadth (stretching across east to West) is 10 miles (16 km). It shares its boundaries with West Bengal in the eastern and southern part, Dumka and Giridih in the North and Bokaro in the west. Dhanbad comes under the Chota Nagpur Plateau.

Dhanbad features climate that is transitional between a humid subtropical climate and a tropical wet and dry climate. Summer starts from last week of March and ends in mid-June. Peak temperature in summer can reach 48 °C. Dhanbad also receives heavy rainfall. In winter, the minimum temperature remains around 10 °C with a maximum of 22 °C. Damodar River is the main river flowing through the district. Katri, Jamunia, Gobai, Khudia and Irji are the other rivers flowing through the district.

Climate data for Dhanbad
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25
(77) 		28
(82) 		33
(91) 		38
(100) 		39
(102) 		35
(95) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		28
(82) 		25
(77) 		31
(88)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 11
(52) 		14
(57) 		18
(64) 		23
(73) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		20
(68) 		16
(61) 		11
(52) 		20
(67)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 17
(0.7) 		18
(0.7) 		18
(0.7) 		22
(0.9) 		49
(1.9) 		192
(7.6) 		342
(13.5) 		311
(12.2) 		282
(11.1) 		105
(4.1) 		7
(0.3) 		5
(0.2) 		1,368
(53.9)
Source: IMD

History

File:Ozone galleria.jpg
Ozone mall and multiplex in Dhanbad.

The present district used to be a part of Manbhum. In the Settlement Report for Manbhum (1928) it was stated that no rock inscriptions, copper plates or old coins were discovered and not a single document of copper plate or palm leaf was found, during the Survey and Settlement operations. The oldest authentic documents produced were all on paper and barely even a hundred years old.[5] Dhanbad was in Manbhum district from 1928 up to 1956.[5] However, on 24 October 1956, Dhanbad was declared a District on the Recommendation of the States Reorganisation Commission vide notification 1911. This was done under the strong commitment and leadership from a renowned journalist Mr. Satish Chandra. In the year 2006, Dhanbad celebrated 50 years of being an independent District. From 1956 to 14 November 2000 it was under Bihar. At present it is in Jharkhand, after the creation of state on 15 November 2000.[6]

Demography

See also: List of cities in Jharkhand

As of 2011 India provisional census[7] Dhanbad had a population of 1,195,298. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. It has a sex ratio of 908. Dhanbad has an average literacy rate of 80.78%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 87.93% and female literacy is 72.69%.[8] In Dhanbad, 10.57% of the population is under 5 years of age.

Government and PSU organisations

Bharat Coking Coal Limited - BCCL is a Public Sector Undertaking (subsidiary of Coal India Ltd.) engaged in mining of coal and allied activities. BCCL meets almost 50% of the total prime coking coal requirement of the integrated steel sector. BCCL was incorporated in January, 1972 to operate coking coal mines operating in the Jharia & Raniganj Coalfields, taken over by the Govt. of India on 16 October 1971 to ensure planned development of the scarce coking coal resources in the country. The Directorate General of Mines Safety is the Indian government regulatory agency for safety in mines and oil-fields.[9]

  • CIMFR, Barwa Road Campus- CMRI, the Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR) Dhanbad, is a constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) was aimed to provide R&D inputs for the entire coal-energy chain from mining to Consumption through integration of the Core Competencies of the two (CFRI & CMRI) premier coal institution of the country.[10]
  • CIMFR, Digwadih Campu. Erstwhile CFRI.[11]
  • CMPF - Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation.[12]
  • CCWO - Central Coal Washery organisation, unit of BCCL is situated at Saraidhela. which looks after the works of all coal washeries of Bharat Coking Coal Limited.

Education

Universities and colleges

File:ISM main building.jpg
Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad

Schools

Transport

Rail

Double-decker train standing on the platform of Dhanbad railway station
Coal Train in Dhanbad yard
Main article: Dhanbad Junction

Dhanbad Rail Division comes under East Central Railway zone. Grand Chord rail-line passes through Dhanbad junction, it connects Howrah and New Delhi. CIC rail line starts from Dhanbad and ends at Singrauli in Madhya Pradesh. There is one more rail line passing through the district, it starts at Kharagpur and ends at Gomoh, this rail line comes under South Eastern Railway. Dhanbad is connected with almost all states through rail network.

On 1 October 2011, India's first AC double-decker train was flagged off to connect Howrah and Dhanbad. With this India joins the league of Europe and North America that run multi-deck trains. As on October 2011, the train runs daily except Sunday, departing from Howrah at 8:30 am to arrive at Dhanbad at 12:45 pm, and on return trip it departs Dhanbad at 6:30 pm to arrive at Howrah at 10:40 pm. It has a maximum permissible speed of 110 kilometres (68 mi)/hr with stops at Bardhaman, Durgapur, Asansol, Barakar and Kumardhubi on both legs of the route. This new AC design has several features namely stainless steel body, high-speed Eurofima design bogies with air springs and other safety-features. The coaches have a control discharge toilet system.[15][16][17][18]

Roads

National Highway 2 and National Highway 32 are the major highways passing through Dhanbad.[19] NH 2 is part of Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) highway network; Dhanbad lies in Kolkata-Delhi link of the Golden Quadrilateral network.[20] NH2 is being converted into six lane expressway; NH 32 connects Dhanbad to Bokaro-Jamshedpur.[20]

Private and State buses are available for inter-city traveling.[20]

Air

Dhanbad Airport is used for private small aircraft and helicopters, currently there is no public air-link at the airport. The nearest public airports to Dhanbad are[21]

  1. Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport, Asansol-Durgapur 85 kilometres (53 mi)
  2. Birsa Munda Airport, Ranchi 140 kilometres (87 mi)
  3. Gaya Airport 207 kilometres (129 mi)
  4. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata 269 kilometres (167 mi)
  5. Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport, Patna 271 kilometres (168 mi)

Politics

Chandra Shekhar Agrawal is the mayor, otherwise known as the first citizen, of Dhanbad. He won by the margin of 42,525 votes.[22][23][24]

Raj Sinha of BJP won in the 40 Dhanbad assembly constituency defeating Mannan Malick of Congress in 2014.[25] Pashupati Nath Singh of BJP defeated Mannan Mallik of Congress in 2005, Prasadi Sao of RJD in 2000, and Ramadhar Yadav of JD in 1995. Surendra Prasad Roy of Congress defeated S.K. Shriva of JD in 1990 and Ram Chander Singh of Janata Party in 1985. Yogeshwar Prasad Yogesh of Congress defeated Gopi Kant Bakshi of CPI(M) in 1980 and Kalawati Devi of Janata Party.[26][27]

Dhanbad assembly constituency is part of Dhanbad (Lok Sabha constituency).[28]

Sports

Cricket is the most popular sport in Dhanbad, followed by Football. Dhanbad is one of the centres where 34th National Games[29] was organised. Cricket Stadiums at present are at Tata Steel Stadium Digwadih, Nehru Stadium Jealgora and Railway Stadium where Ranji Trophy matches are organised. Women's International Cricket were also played at Railway Stadium. Football matches of national level were played at Railway Stadium but now it is converted into Cricket Stadium by the Railway management and Sijua Stadium.

Notable people

References

  1. ^ Eleven Indian cities among 100 fastest growing cities in the world. Merinews.com. Retrieved on 2012-04-14.
  2. ^ Census- Jharkhand
  3. ^ "Dhanbad Rail Division OVERVIEW". The Telegraph. Calcutta, India. 4 April 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  4. ^ "DHANBAD DISTRICT OVERVIEW". Retrieved 6 October 2011.
  5. ^ a b Dhanbad Introduction/Jharkhand-Dhanbad Sightseeing-Dhanbad Jharkhand Transport-Places of Interest in Dhanbad. Indiatravelite.com. Retrieved on 2012-04-14.
  6. ^ BIHAR REORGANISATION ACT,2000
  7. ^ "Jharkhand Provisional Result-Census 2011" (PDF). Censusindia,gov,in. Census India. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  8. ^ Provisional 2011 Results. censusindia.gov.in
  9. ^ http://www.dgms.gov.in/ Directorate General of Mines Safety
  10. ^ http://www.cmriindia.nic.in/ CIMFR
  11. ^ http://www.cfriindia.nic.in/ CIMFR, Digwadih Campus
  12. ^ http://www.cmpfo.gov.in/ Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation
  13. ^ http://dhanbad.nic.in/Education/colleges.html. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. ^ "Welcome to Law College Dhanbad". Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  15. ^ "Double-decker train to run from howrah". Deccan Chronicle. 1 October 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2011. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help); |first= missing |last= (help)
  16. ^ Kanwar, Disha (2 October 2011). "First AC double-decker train flagged off from Bengal". Business Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  17. ^ "India's first AC double-decker train flagged off". Videos News. The Times of India. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  18. ^ "Double decker train frequency increased". Business Line. 2 January 2012.
  19. ^ National Highways and their Length National Highway Authority of India (NHAI)
  20. ^ a b c The Public Website of Dhanbad (Black Diamond City of India). dhanbad.jharkhand.org.in. Retrieved on 2015-08-15.
  21. ^ "Dhanbad Railway Station". onefivenine.com. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
  22. ^ http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150530/jsp/jharkhand/story_22836.jsp#.ViYs_vmqqko
  23. ^ http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/chandrashekhar-is-dhanbad-mayor.html
  24. ^ https://www.facebook.com/chandrashekharagrawaldhanbad/
  25. ^ "Jharkhand State Election Results 2009". Travel India Guide. Retrieved 9 April 2010.
  26. ^ "State Elections 2006 – Partywise Comparison for 40-Dhanbad assembly constituency of Jharkhand". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 9 April 2010.
  27. ^ "State Elections 2006 – Partywise Comparison for 40-Dhanbad assembly constituency of Jharkhand". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 9 April 2010.
  28. ^ "Dhanbad Loksabha Constituency (Jharkhand)". India Study Channel.com. Retrieved 9 April 2010.
  29. ^ COMPUTER Ed. "Official website for the 34th National Games 2009, Jharkhand - Ranchi - Jamshedpur - Dhanbad - India". Archived from the original on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  30. ^ http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/10/7XUE.html
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