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==Education==
==Education==
[[File:Jennifer Doudna.jpg|thumb|right|Jennifer Doudna]]
[[File:Jennifer Doudna.jpg|thumb|right|Jennifer Doudna]]
Jennifer Doudna was born in Washington, D.C., but spent most of her childhood in Hilo, Hawaii.
Her father got his Ph.D. in English literature from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. When Doudna was 7 years old, her father completed his thesis and moved his wife and three daughters from Michigan to take up a faculty position at the University of Hawaii. Doudna’s mother, a stay-at-home parent in Ann Arbor who held a master’s degree in education, went back to school to get another master’s degree at Hawaii, this time in Asian history, and began to lecture in the subject at the university.
Doudna earned her [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[Chemistry]] from [[Pomona College]] in 1985, and her [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in [[Biochemistry]] from [[Harvard University]]<ref name=phd>{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Jennifer Anne|last=Doudna |title=Towards the design of an RNA replicase |publisher=Harvard University |date=1989 |url=http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/002166929/catalog |oclc=23230360}}</ref> on [[ribozymes]] for research supervised by [[Jack W. Szostak]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/12/science/jennifer-doudna-crispr-cas9-genetic-engineering.html|title=Jennifer Doudna, a Pioneer Who Helped Simplify Genome Editing|last=Pollack|first=Andrew|date=2015-05-11|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-03-02|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> She did her [[postdoctoral researcher|postdoctoral research]] work with [[Thomas Cech]] at the [[University of Colorado, Boulder]].
Doudna earned her [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[Chemistry]] from [[Pomona College]] in 1985, and her [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in [[Biochemistry]] from [[Harvard University]]<ref name=phd>{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Jennifer Anne|last=Doudna |title=Towards the design of an RNA replicase |publisher=Harvard University |date=1989 |url=http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/002166929/catalog |oclc=23230360}}</ref> on [[ribozymes]] for research supervised by [[Jack W. Szostak]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/12/science/jennifer-doudna-crispr-cas9-genetic-engineering.html|title=Jennifer Doudna, a Pioneer Who Helped Simplify Genome Editing|last=Pollack|first=Andrew|date=2015-05-11|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-03-02|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> She did her [[postdoctoral researcher|postdoctoral research]] work with [[Thomas Cech]] at the [[University of Colorado, Boulder]].


Revision as of 14:41, 22 October 2017

Jennifer Doudna
Jennifer Doudna at the Royal Society admissions day in London in 2016
Born
Jennifer Anne Doudna

(1964-02-19) February 19, 1964 (age 60)
NationalityUnited States
Alma mater
Known for
SpouseJamie Cate
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsBiochemistry
InstitutionsUniversity of California, Berkeley
Yale University
ThesisTowards the design of an RNA replicase (1989)
Doctoral advisorJack Szostak[citation needed]
Other academic advisorsThomas Cech
Website

Jennifer Anne Doudna (born 19 February 1964[4]) is a Professor of Chemistry and of Molecular and Cell Biology at the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of the University of California, Berkeley.[5] She has been an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) since 1997.[6][7][8] She is also the director of the joint UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco center Innovative Genomics Institute and the chair of the Chancellor’s Advisor Committee on Biology at UC Berkeley.

Doudna has been a leading figure in what is often referred to as the "CRISPR Revolution" for her early fundamental work and ongoing leadership in the development of CRISPR-mediated genome editing. In their seminal 2012 paper A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity, Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier were the first to propose that CRISPR/Cas9 could be used for programmable gene editing,[9] an idea that has since been further developed by many research groups[10] for applications ranging from fundamental protein research to treatments for diseases including sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease, and HIV.

Doudna has been widely acclaimed by the scientific community for her fundamental contributions to the field of biochemistry, receiving many prestigious awards and fellowships. She has also been recognized outside the scientific community, being named one of the Time 100 most influential people in 2015 (with Charpentier)[11] and listed as a runner-up for Time Person of the Year in 2016 alongside other CRISPR researchers.[12]

Education

Jennifer Doudna

Jennifer Doudna was born in Washington, D.C., but spent most of her childhood in Hilo, Hawaii. Her father got his Ph.D. in English literature from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. When Doudna was 7 years old, her father completed his thesis and moved his wife and three daughters from Michigan to take up a faculty position at the University of Hawaii. Doudna’s mother, a stay-at-home parent in Ann Arbor who held a master’s degree in education, went back to school to get another master’s degree at Hawaii, this time in Asian history, and began to lecture in the subject at the university. Doudna earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in Chemistry from Pomona College in 1985, and her Ph.D. in Biochemistry from Harvard University[13] on ribozymes for research supervised by Jack W. Szostak.[14] She did her postdoctoral research work with Thomas Cech at the University of Colorado, Boulder.

Research and career

While in the Szostak lab, Doudna reengineered the self-splicing Group I catalytic intron into a true catalytic ribozyme that would copy RNA templates.[15][16] Recognizing the limitations of not being able to see the molecular mechanisms of the ribozymes, she started work to crystallize and solve the three-dimensional structure of the Tetrahymena Group I ribozyme in 1991 in the Cech Lab and continued while she started her professorship at Yale University in 1994. While the group was able to grow high-quality crystals, they struggled with the phase problem due to unspecific binding of the metal ions. One of her early graduate students and later her husband, Jamie Cate decided to soak the crystals in osmium hexamine to imitate magnesium. Using this strategy, they were able to solve the structure, the second solved folded RNA structure since tRNA.[17][18] The magnesium ions would cluster at the center of the ribozyme and would serve as a core for RNA folding similar to that of a hydrophobic core of a protein.[7]

Doudna was promoted to the position of Henry Ford II Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale in 2000. In 2002, she accepted a faculty position at University of California, Berkeley as a Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology so that she would be closer to family and the synchrotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This initial work to solve large RNA structures led to further structural studies on the HDV ribozyme, the IRES, and protein-RNA complexes like the Signal recognition particle.[7] Her lab now focuses on obtaining a mechanistic understanding of biological processes involving RNA. This work is divided over three major areas, the CRISPR system, RNA interference, and translational control via MicroRNAs.[19]

In 2012, Doudna and her colleagues generated a new discovery that would reduce the time and work needed to edit genomic DNA. Their discovery relies on a protein named Cas9 found in the Streptococcus bacteria "CRISPR" immune system that works like scissors. The protein attacks its prey, the DNA of viruses, and slices it up.[20] In 2015, Doudna gave a TED Talk about the bioethics of using CRISPR.[21]

Honors and awards

Doudna was a Searle Scholar and received a 1996 Beckman Young Investigators Award. She was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2002 [7] and to the Institute of Medicine in 2010.

References

  1. ^ a b http://www.umu.se/english/about-umu/news-events/news/newsdetailpage/emmanuelle-charpentier-receives-jacob-heskel-gabbay-award.cid241883
  2. ^ a b Anon (2016). "Professor Jennifer Doudna ForMemRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on April 29, 2016. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:

    “All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.” --"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved March 9, 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Doudna, Jennifer (2015). "Genome-editing revolution: My whirlwind year with CRISPR". Nature. 528 (7583): 469–71. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..469D. doi:10.1038/528469a. PMID 26701037.
  4. ^ "Jennifer Doudna – American biochemist". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  5. ^ Pollack, Andrew (May 11, 2015). "Jennifer Doudna, a Pioneer Who Helped Simplify Genome Editing". New York Times. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  6. ^ Interview from the National Academy of Science
  7. ^ a b c d Marino, M. (2004). "Biography of Jennifer A. Doudna". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (49): 16987. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10116987M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0408147101.
  8. ^ Jennifer Doudna's publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  9. ^ Jinek, M.; Chilynksi, K.; Fonfara, I.,; Hauer, M.,; Doudna, J.,; Charpentier, E., (August 17, 2012). "A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity". Science. 337 (6069): 816–821. Bibcode:2012Sci...337..816J. doi:10.1126/science.1225829. PMID 22745249.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Barrangou, R.; Doudna, J., (September 8, 2016). "Applications of CRISPR technologies in research and beyond". Nature Biotechnology. 34 (9): 933–941. doi:10.1038/nbt.3659. PMID 27606440.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ King, Mary-Claire. "Time 100 Most Influential People: Emmanuelle Charpentier & Jennifer Doudna". Time. April 16. 2015. Web. 25 Dec. 2016. http://time.com/3822554/emmanuelle-charpentier-jennifer-doudna-2015-time-100/
  12. ^ Park, Alice. "The CRISPR Pioneers: Their Breakthrough Work Could Change the World." Time. N.d. 2016. Web. 25 Dec. 2016. http://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2016-crispr-runner-up/
  13. ^ Doudna, Jennifer Anne (1989). Towards the design of an RNA replicase (PhD thesis). Harvard University. OCLC 23230360.
  14. ^ Pollack, Andrew (May 11, 2015). "Jennifer Doudna, a Pioneer Who Helped Simplify Genome Editing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
  15. ^ Rajagopal, J; Doudna, J.; Szostak, J. (May 12, 1989). "Stereochemical course of catalysis by the Tetrahymena ribozyme". Science. 244 (4905): 692–694. Bibcode:1989Sci...244..692R. doi:10.1126/science.2470151. PMID 2470151.
  16. ^ "Jennifer A. Doudna, Ph.D." HHMI. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  17. ^ Powell, Kendall (2005). "Renaissance Women". HHMI Bulletin. Archived from the original on September 23, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ Cate, JH; Gooding, AR; Podell, E; Zhou, K; Golden, BL; Kundrot, CE; Cech, TR; Doudna, JA (September 20, 1996). "Crystal structure of a group I ribozyme domain: principles of RNA packing". Science. 273 (5282): 1678–85. Bibcode:1996Sci...273.1678C. doi:10.1126/science.273.5282.1678. PMID 8781224.
  19. ^ "The Doudna Lab". Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  20. ^ Russell, Sabin. "Cracking the Code: Jennifer Doudna and Her Amazing Molecular Scissors." Cal Alumni Association. N.p., 2014. Web. 17 Mar. 2015. http://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/winter-2014-gender-assumptions/cracking-code-jennifer-doudna-and-her-amazing
  21. ^ "Jennifer Doudna TED Talk".
  22. ^ Wear, Maggie (2013). "Doudna wins new Mildred Cohn award". ASBMB Today.
  23. ^ "Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize 2016 for Charpentier and Doudna". Press Office of the Paul Ehrlich Foundation. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
  24. ^ "Heineken Prizes - Jennifer Doudna". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
  25. ^ Tang Prize Foundation>>Laureates>>Biopharmaceutical Science>>2016 Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science
  26. ^ "The 2016 HFSP Nakasone Award goes to Emmanuelle Charpentier & Jennifer Doudna". Human Frontier Science Programme. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  27. ^ Japan Prize 2017
  28. ^ F. Albert Cotton Medal 2017
  29. ^ Albany Medical Center Prize 2017

External links

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