List of solar thermal power stations
Appearance
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PS10_solar_power_tower.jpg/220px-PS10_solar_power_tower.jpg)
This is a list of the largest facilities generating electricity through the use of solar thermal power, specifically concentrated solar power.
Operational
![]() | This section needs to be updated.(May 2022) |
Name | Country | Location | Coordinates | Electrical capacity (MW) | Technology type | Storage hours | Notes and references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Noor / Ouarzazate Solar Power Station | ![]() |
Ghassate (Ouarzazate province) | 30°59′40″N 6°51′48″W / 30.99444°N 6.86333°W | 510 | Parabolic trough and solar power tower (Phase 3) | 3 / 7 / 7.5 | 160 MW Phase 1 with 3 hours heat storage.[1][2] 200 MW phase 2 with 7 hours heat storage is online from January 2018.[3][4] 150 MW (Phase 3) with 7.5 hours storage is online from November 2018[5][6] |
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility | ![]() |
San Bernardino County, California | 35°34′N 115°28′W / 35.567°N 115.467°W | 392 | Solar power tower | Completed on February 13, 2014[7][8][9] | |
Mojave Solar Project | ![]() |
Barstow, California | 35°00′40″N 117°19′30″W / 35.01111°N 117.32500°W | 280 | Parabolic trough | Completed December 2014. Gross capacity of 280 MW corresponds to net capacity of 250 MW[10][11][12] | |
Solana Generating Station | ![]() |
Gila Bend, Arizona | 32°55′N 112°58′W / 32.917°N 112.967°W | 280 | Parabolic trough | 6 | Completed in October 2013, with 6 hours thermal energy storage[13][14] |
Genesis Solar Energy Project | ![]() |
Blythe, California | 33°38′37.68″N 114°59′16.8″W / 33.6438000°N 114.988000°W | 280 | Parabolic trough | Online April 24, 2014[15][16][17] | |
Solaben Solar Power Station[18] | ![]() |
Logrosán | 39°13′29″N 5°23′26″W / 39.22472°N 5.39056°W | 200 | Parabolic trough | Solaben 3 completed June 2012[19] Solaben 2 completed October 2012[19] Solaben 1 and 6 completed September 2013[20] | |
Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) | ![]() |
Mojave Desert, California | 35°01′54″N 117°20′53″W / 35.03167°N 117.34806°W | 160 | Parabolic trough | Originally collection of 9 units 1984-1990 [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] with 354 MW. Seven units were decommissioned and replaced by solar PV. | |
Solnova Solar Power Station | ![]() |
Sanlúcar la Mayor | 37°25′00″N 06°17′20″W / 37.41667°N 6.28889°W | 150 | Parabolic trough | Solnova 1 completed May 2010 Solnova 3 completed May 2010 Solnova 4 completed August 2010[30][31][32][33][34] | |
Andasol solar power station | ![]() |
Guadix | 37°13′42.70″N 3°4′6.73″W / 37.2285278°N 3.0685361°W | 150 | Parabolic trough | 7.5 | Completed: Andasol 1 (2008), Andasol 2 (2009), Andasol 3 (2011). Each equipped with a 7.5 hour thermal energy storage.[35][36] |
Extresol Solar Power Station | ![]() |
Torre de Miguel Sesmero | 38°39′N 6°44′W / 38.650°N 6.733°W | 150 | Parabolic trough | 7.5 | Completed: Extresol 1 and 2 (2010), Extresol 3 (2012). Each equipped with a 7.5-hour thermal energy storage.[19][37][38] |
Dhursar | ![]() |
Dhursar, Jaisalmer district | 26°47′09″N 72°00′30″E / 26.78583°N 72.00833°E | 125 | Fresnel reflector | Completed November 2014, referred as 125 MW is some sources[39][40][41][42] | |
Ashalim Power Station (Negev Energy) | ![]() |
Ashalim | 30°57′N 34°42′E / 30.950°N 34.700°E | 121 | Parabolic trough | 4.5 | 4.5h heat storage. Completed August 2019 and located in Negev desert[43] |
Megalim Power Station (Negev Energy) | ![]() |
Ashalim | 30°56′N 34°43′E / 30.933°N 34.717°E | 121 | Solar power tower | Completed April 2019 and located in Negev desert[44][45][46] | |
Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project | ![]() |
Nye County, Nevada | 38°14′N 117°22′W / 38.233°N 117.367°W | 110 | Solar power tower | 10 | with 10h heat storage; commercial operation began September 2015,[47][48] mothballed since May 2019[49] |
Cerro Dominador Solar Thermal Plant (Atacama 1) | ![]() |
María Elena, Antofagasta | 22°46′19″S 69°28′48″W / 22.77191°S 69.47994°W | 110 | Solar power tower | 17.5 | Completed April 2021, with 17.5h heat storage[50][51] |
Shouhang Dunhuang | ![]() |
Dunhuang (Gansu Province) | 40°5′33.11″N 94°39′55.56″E / 40.0925306°N 94.6654333°E | 110 | Solar power tower | 15 / 7.5 | Phase I compleded in 2016,[52] Phase II with 7.5h heat storage. Operational since end of December 2018[53] |
Kathu Solar Park | ![]() |
Northern Cape | 27°31′59.67″S 23°8′10.56″E / 27.5332417°S 23.1362667°E | 100 | Parabolic trough | 4.5 | completed February 2018, With 4.5h heat storage |
KaXu Solar One | ![]() |
Pofadder, Northern Cape | 28°53′40.56″S 19°35′53.52″E / 28.8946000°S 19.5982000°E | 100 | Parabolic trough | 2.5 | with 2.5h heat storage[59][60][61] |
Xina Solar One | ![]() |
Pofadder, Northern Cape | 28°53′40.56″S 19°35′53.52″E / 28.8946000°S 19.5982000°E | 100 | Parabolic trough | 5.5 | Commissioned in September 2017 with 5.5h heat storage[62] |
Manchasol Power Station | ![]() |
Alcázar de San Juan | 39°11′N 3°18′W / 39.183°N 3.300°W | 100 | Parabolic trough | 7.5 | Manchasol 1 and 2 completed in 2011, each with 7.5h heat storage[19] |
Valle Solar Power Station | ![]() |
San José del Valle | 36°39′N 5°50′W / 36.650°N 5.833°W | 100 | Parabolic trough | 7.5 | Completed December 2011, with 7.5h heat storage[19][63] |
Helioenergy Solar Power Station | ![]() |
Écija | 37°34′43″N 5°9′24″W / 37.57861°N 5.15667°W | 100 | Parabolic trough | Helioenergy 1 completed September 2011[64][65] Helioenergy 2 completed January 2012[19][64][65] | |
Aste Solar Power Station | ![]() |
Alcázar de San Juan | 39°10′22″N 3°15′58″W / 39.17278°N 3.26611°W | 100 | Parabolic trough | 8 | Aste 1A Completed January 2012, with 8h heat storage[19] Aste 1B Completed January 2012, with 8h heat storage[19] |
Solacor Solar Power Station | ![]() |
El Carpio | 37°54′54″N 4°30′9″W / 37.91500°N 4.50250°W | 100 | Parabolic trough | Solacor 1 completed February 2012[19] Solacor 2 completed March 2012[19][66] | |
Helios Solar Power Station | ![]() |
Puerto Lápice | 39°14′24″N 3°28′12″W / 39.24000°N 3.47000°W | 100 | Parabolic trough | Helios 1 completed May 2012[19] Helios 2 completed August 2012[19] | |
Shams solar power station | ![]() |
Abu Dhabi Madinat Zayed | 23°34′N 53°42′E / 23.567°N 53.700°E | 100 | Parabolic trough | Shams 1 completed March 2013 [67][68] | |
Termosol Solar Power Station | ![]() |
Navalvillar de Pela | 100 | Parabolic trough | Both Termosol 1 and 2 completed in 2013[19] | ||
Palma del Río I & II | ![]() |
Palma del Río | 37°38′42.56″N 5°15′29.32″W / 37.6451556°N 5.2581444°W | 100 | Parabolic trough | Palma del Rio 2 completed December 2010[19] Palma del Rio 1 completed July 2011[19] | |
Ilanga 1 | ![]() |
Northern Cape (Upington) | 28°29′25.79″S 21°32′27.13″E / 28.4904972°S 21.5408694°E | 100 | Parabolic trough | 5 | With 5h heat storage. Operational since 2018[69] |
CSNP Royal Tech Urat CSP | ![]() |
Urat Middle Banner, Inner Mongolia | 100 | Parabolic trough | 10 | Completed in January 2020 with 10 hours of thermal storage [70][71][72] | |
Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center | ![]() |
Indiantown, Florida | 27°03′11″N 80°33′00″W / 27.05306°N 80.55000°W | 75 | ISCC with parabolic trough | Completed December 2010[73] | |
Nevada Solar One | ![]() |
Boulder City, Nevada | 35°48.0′N 114°58.6′W / 35.8000°N 114.9767°W | 75 | Parabolic trough | Operational since 2007 | |
Dacheng Dunhuang CSP | ![]() |
Dunhuang, Gansu Province | 60 | Fresnel reflector | 16 / 15 | 10 MW Phase 1 completed in 2016,[74]
50 MW Phase 2 in December 2019 with 15 hours of thermal storage[70][75] | |
Supcon Solar Delingha | ![]() |
Delingha | 37°22′13″N 97°16′56″E / 37.37028°N 97.28222°E | 60 | Solar power tower | 2 / 7 | 10 MW Phase 1 completed in 2013, Phase 2 completed in December 2018 with 7 hours of thermal energy storage[76][75]
|
Guzmán | ![]() |
Palma del Río | 37°38′N 5°15′W / 37.633°N 5.250°W | 50 | Parabolic trough | Completed July 2012[19] | |
Khi Solar One | ![]() |
Upington | 28°33′0.36″S 21°5′5.28″E / 28.5501000°S 21.0848000°E | 50 | Solar power tower | 2 | Completed Feb 2016 With 2h heat storage[59][60] |
Bokpoort | ![]() |
Groblershoop | 28°43′26.96″S 21°59′34.88″E / 28.7241556°S 21.9930222°E | 50 | Parabolic trough | 9 | with 9h heat storage[77][78] |
Puertollano Solar Thermal Power Plant | ![]() |
Puertollano, Ciudad Real | 38°39′N 3°58′W / 38.650°N 3.967°W | 50 | Parabolic trough | Completed May 2009[79] | |
Alvarado I | ![]() |
Badajoz | 38°49′37″N 06°49′34″W / 38.82694°N 6.82611°W | 50 | Parabolic trough | Completed July 2009[80][81][82] | |
La Florida | ![]() |
Alvarado (Badajoz) | 50 | Parabolic trough | Completed July 2010[19][83] | ||
Arenales PS | ![]() |
Morón de la Frontera (Seville) | 50 | Parabolic trough[19][84][85] | 2013 | ||
Casablanca | ![]() |
Talarrubias | 50 | Parabolic trough[19] | 2013 | ||
Majadas de Tiétar | ![]() |
Caceres | 39°58′10″N 5°44′32″W / 39.96944°N 5.74222°W | 50 | Parabolic trough | Completed August 2010[19][86] | |
La Dehesa | ![]() |
La Garrovilla (Badajoz) | 38°57′35″N 6°27′50″W / 38.95972°N 6.46389°W | 50 | Parabolic trough | Completed November 2010[19] | |
Lebrija-1 | ![]() |
Lebrija | 50 | Parabolic trough | Completed July 2011[19][87] | ||
Astexol 2 | ![]() |
Badajoz | 38°48′42″N 7°3′36″W / 38.81167°N 7.06000°W | 50 | Parabolic trough | 7.5 | Completed November 2011, with 7.5h thermal energy storage[19][84] |
Morón | ![]() |
Morón de la Frontera | 37°7′11.24″N 5°33′50.45″W / 37.1197889°N 5.5640139°W | 50 | Parabolic trough | Completed May 2012[19] | |
La Africana | ![]() |
Posada | 50 | Parabolic trough | 7.5 | Completed July 2012, with 7.5h thermal energy storage[19] | |
Olivenza 1 | ![]() |
Olivenza | 38°45′18.73″N 7°8′40.42″W / 38.7552028°N 7.1445611°W | 50 | Parabolic trough | Completed July 2012[19] | |
Orellana | ![]() |
Orellana la Vieja | 39°1′17.6″N 5°31′57.4″W / 39.021556°N 5.532611°W | 50 | Parabolic trough | Completed August 2012[19] | |
Godawari Green Energy Limited | ![]() |
Nokh Village, Rajasthan | 27°36′01″N 72°13′25″E / 27.60028°N 72.22361°E | 50 | Parabolic trough | 2013[88][89][90] | |
Enerstar Villena Power Plant | ![]() |
Villena | 38°43′41.51″N 0°55′18.23″W / 38.7281972°N 0.9217306°W | 50 | Parabolic trough | Completed 2013[19][91] | |
Megha Solar Plant | ![]() |
Anantapur | 14°56′47″N 77°41′15″E / 14.94639°N 77.68750°E | 50 | Parabolic trough | Completed 2014[92][93] | |
Delingha Solar Plant | ![]() |
Delingha | 37°22′13″N 97°16′56″E / 37.37028°N 97.28222°E | 50 | Parabolic trough | 9 | Completed July 2018 with 9 hours of thermal energy storage[94] |
Shagaya CSP | ![]() |
Shagaya | 29°13′41″N 47°03′45″E / 29.22806°N 47.06250°E | 50 | Parabolic trough | 10 | Commercial operation started in February 2019, 10 hours thermal storage[95][96] |
Waad Al Shamal ISCC Plant | ![]() |
Waad Al Shamal | 31°39′37″N 38°51′29″E / 31.66028°N 38.85806°E | 50 | ISCC with parabolic trough | Commercial operation started in 2018, 1,390 MW plant with 50 MW solar[97] | |
Qinghai Gonghe CSP | ![]() |
Gonghe, Qinghai Province | 36°06′08″N 100°37′30″E / 36.10222°N 100.62500°E | 50 | Solar power tower | 6 | Completed in September 2019, with 6 h heat storage.[70][98] |
Luneng Haixi CSP | ![]() |
Haixi Zhou, Qinghai Sheng | 50 | Solar power tower | 12 | Completed in September 2019 with 12 hours of thermal energy storage[70][75] | |
Hami CSP | ![]() |
Hami, Xinjiang Autonomous Region | 50 | Solar power tower | 13 | Completed in September 2019 with 13 hours of thermal energy storage[70][75] | |
Yumen Xinneng CSP | ![]() |
Yumen, Gansu Province | 50 | 2020 | Beam down tower | 9h storage[99][100][101] |
Solar thermal power stations
-
Part of the 354 MW SEGS solar complex in San Bernardino, California, United States.
-
The Ivanpah solar project in San Bernardino, California, United States.
-
The Andasol Solar Power Station, Spain, uses a molten salt thermal energy storage to generate electricity, even when the sun isn't shining.
-
Parts of the Solnova Solar Power Station in the foreground. The two towers of the PS10 and PS20 solar power stations can be seen in the background.
Under construction
Name | Country | Location | Co- ordinates |
Electrical capacity (MW) | Expected completion |
Technology | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park Phase IV | ![]() |
Dubai | 24°45′17″N 55°21′54″E / 24.7547°N 55.365°E | 700 | 2021 | Parabolic trough, solar tower |
600 MW parabolic trough and 100 solar tower, with 15h heat storage[102][103][104] |
Golmud CSP | ![]() |
Golmud, Qinghai province | 200 | Power tower | [70] | ||
Shouhang Yumen CSP | ![]() |
Yumen, Gansu Province | 100 | Solar power tower | [105][106] | ||
Redstone Solar Thermal Power | ![]() |
Northern Cape | 28°17′53″S 23°21′56″E / 28.29806°S 23.36556°E | 100 | 2023 | Solar power tower with 12h heat storage | [107][108][109][110] |
Erdos Solar Power Plant | ![]() |
Hanggin Banner | 50 | Parabolic trough | [111] | ||
Gansu Akesai CSP | ![]() |
Akesai, Gansu Province | 50 | ? | Parabolic trough | 15h storage[70][112] | |
Rayspower Yumen CSP | ![]() |
Yumen, Gansu Province | 50 | ? | Parabolic trough | [99][70] |
Announced
![]() | This section needs to be updated.(October 2017) |
Name | Country | Location | Coordinates | Electrical capacity (MW) | Technology | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Noor Midelt II | ![]() |
Morocco | 32°40′51″N 04°43′59″W / 32.68083°N 4.73306°W | 230 | [113] | |
Noor Midelt I | ![]() |
Morocco | 32°40′51″N 04°43′59″W / 32.68083°N 4.73306°W | 200 | Hybrid solar power with combination of 600 MW solar PV and 200 MW solar thermal with 5h heat storage | [114][115] |
Tamarugal Solar Project | ![]() |
Atacama Desert, Chile | 450 | Three solar power towers with 13h heat storage | [116] | |
Likana Solar Project | ![]() |
Antofagasta | 390 | Three solar power towers with 13h heat storage[117] | ||
Copiapó Solar Project | ![]() |
Atacama Desert, Chile | 260 | Solar power tower PV integrated. With 14h heat storage | [118] | |
Solnova 2, 4–5 | ![]() |
Sevilla | 37°25′00″N 06°17′20″W / 37.41667°N 6.28889°W | 100 | Parabolic trough with heat storage | [119] |
Gulang CSP | ![]() |
Wuwei, Gansu Province | 100 | Parabolic trough | [70][71] | |
Golden Tower CSP | ![]() |
Jinta, Gansu Province | 100 | Power tower | [70] | |
Mashhad solar-thermal power station | ![]() |
Mashhad, Iran | 72 | Parabolic dish with tracer system | [120] | |
Chabei CSP | ![]() |
Chabei, Hebei Province | 64 | Parabolic trough | [70] | |
Al-Abdaliya | ![]() |
?? | 60 | Parabolic trough | [121] | |
AZ 20 | ![]() |
Sevilla | 50 | Solar power tower | [119][70] | |
Shangyi CSP | ![]() |
Shangyi, Hebei Province | 50 | Power tower | [70] | |
Zhangjiakou CSP | ![]() |
Zhangbei, Hebei Province | 50 | Fresnel reflector | [70] |
Cancelled
Name | Country | Location | Coordinates | Electrical capacity (MW) | Technology | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sandstone Solar Energy Project | ![]() |
Nye County, Nevada | 37°54′00″N 116°42′00″W / 37.90000°N 116.70000°W | 1,600 | solar power tower | 8 units with 10h heat storage[122] |
Blythe Solar Power Project | ![]() |
Blythe, California | 1,000 | Parabolic trough | 4 units, converted to 485 MW PV[123] | |
Stirling Energy Systems Solar One Project | ![]() |
San Bernardino County, California | 850 | Dish Stirling | converted to 618 MW PV, license terminated 27 August 2013[124] | |
Stirling Energy Systems Solar Two Project | ![]() |
Imperial County, California | 750 | Dish Stirling | converted to 594 MW PV[125] | |
Palen Solar Power Project | ![]() |
Riverside County, California | 500 | Parabolic trough | 2 units, certification expired 15 December 2015[126] | |
Ridgecrest Solar Power Project | ![]() |
Kern County, California | 250 | Parabolic trough | 2 units, license terminated 22 April 2014[127] | |
Luz SEGS XI-XII Project | ![]() |
San Bernardino County, California | 160 | Parabolic trough | license expired 22 September 1989[128] | |
Aurora Solar Thermal Power Project | ![]() |
Port Augusta, South Australia | 32°12′S 137°36′E / 32.2°S 137.6°E | 150 | solar power tower | [129] |
El Reboso 2+3 | ![]() |
La Puebla del Rio (Seville) | 100 | Parabolic trough[130][131] | ||
SCE Solar 100 | ![]() |
Johnson Valley, California | 100 | Solar power tower | license expired 1983[132] | |
Diwakar | ![]() |
Askandra | 100 | Parabolic trough | 2014, Parabolic trough with 3h heat storage[133] | |
KVK Energy Solar Project | ![]() |
Askandra | 100 | Parabolic trough | 2014, Parabolic trough with 4h heat storage[134] |
Decommissioned
- Eurelios pilot plant, a 1 MW, power tower design in Adrano, Sicily, operational 1981–1987[135]
- Solar One pilot plant, operational 1982–1986; converted into Solar Two, operational 1995–1999; site demolished 2009 – USA California, 10 MW, power tower design
- SES-5 – USSR, 5 MW, power tower design, water / Steam, service period 1985–1989[136]
- Maricopa Solar – USA Peoria, Arizona, 1.5 MW dish stirling SES / Tessera Solar's first commercial-scale Dish Stirling power plant. Completed January 2010,[137] decommissioned September 2011 and sold to CondiSys Solar Technology of China in April 2012.[138][139]
Largest plants by technology
Technology type | Name | Country | Location | Coordinates | Capacity MW | Notes and references | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solar power tower | without thermal storage | Ivanpah Solar Power Facility | ![]() |
San Bernardino County, California | 35°34′N 115°28′W / 35.567°N 115.467°W | 392 | Completed on February 13, 2014[7][8][9] The station uses natural gas as supplementary fuel. |
with thermal storage | Ouarzazate Solar Power Station | ![]() |
Ghassate (Ouarzazate province) | 30°59′40″N 6°51′48″W / 30.99444°N 6.86333°W | 150 | ||
Parabolic trough | without thermal storage | Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) | ![]() |
Mojave Desert, California | 35°01′54″N 117°20′53″W / 35.03167°N 117.34806°W | 310 | Collection of 9 units[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] The station has gas firing facility to run the units during night time. |
with thermal storage | Ouarzazate Solar Power Station | ![]() |
Ghassate (Ouarzazate province) | 30°59′40″N 6°51′48″W / 30.99444°N 6.86333°W | 360 | ||
ISCC with parabolic trough | Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center | ![]() |
Indiantown, Florida | 27°03′11″N 80°33′00″W / 27.05306°N 80.55000°W | 75 | Completed December 2010[73] Basically combined cycle power plant running on natural gas. Solar energy is supplemented to reduce the natural gas consumption for the same station output. | |
Fresnel reflector without thermal storage | Dhursar | ![]() |
Dhursar, Jaisalmer district | 26°47′N 72°00′E / 26.783°N 72.000°E | 100 | Completed November 2014, referred as 125 MW is some sources[39][40][41][42] | |
Dish Stirling | No utility scale installastions currently operational, 1.5MW Maricopa Solar was largest |
See also
- Concentrated solar power
- List of concentrating solar thermal power companies
- List of energy storage projects
- List of large wind farms
- List of largest power stations in the world
- List of photovoltaic power stations
- Plataforma Solar de Almería
- Renewable energy commercialization
- Renewable energy industry
- Solar power by country
- Solar power in China
- Solar power plants in the Mojave Desert
- Solar thermal energy
- Solar Turbine Plants
References
- ^ "Saudi Power Developer Gives Spanish Firms Work in Morocco". Bloomberg.com. 30 April 2013. Archived from the original on 12 November 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2018 – via www.bloomberg.com.
- ^ "King Mohammed VI to Inaugurate 'Noor' Solar Plant in Ouarzazate". moroccoworldnews.com. 26 December 2015. Archived from the original on 28 December 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
- ^ "Morocco expands solar capacity". Zawya. 2013-09-23. Archived from the original on 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
- ^ Morocco’s Noor II Begins Synchronization to Grid Archived 2018-05-27 at the Wayback Machine, solar paces, January 14, 2018.
- ^ "Chinese firm helps build world's largest concentrated solar power complex in Morocco's desert". Archived from the original on 22 January 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ^ "Noor Ouarzazate III central receiver concentrated solar power plant with storage completes its reliability test". Archived from the original on 12 November 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
- ^ a b "Relocation of the Solar Energy Projects Page". www.energy.ca.gov. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2007-11-21.
- ^ a b "PG&E and BrightSource Sign Contracts for Over 1,300 MW of Solar Thermal". www.renewableenergyworld.com.
- ^ a b "News Release - Investors - NRG Energy". phx.corporate-ir.net. Archived from the original on 2014-09-16. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
- ^ csp-world.com Abengoa's Mojave 250 MW CSP plant enters commercial operation Archived 2014-12-10 at the Wayback Machine, 2 December 2014
- ^ Abengoa: Plants under construction - United States Archived 2013-06-19 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "CSP World: Abengoa closes $1.2 billion financing for the Mojave Solar Project and starts construction". csp-world.com. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
- ^ "Abengoa Solar :: About us :: Press :: News :: 2013". www.abengoasolar.com. Archived from the original on 2014-12-16. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
- ^ SolarServer: Concentrating solar power: Solana CSP plant begins commercial operation Archived 2013-10-16 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ CSP World Archived 2014-04-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Another Huge Solar Plant Goes Online in California's Desert Archived 2014-05-06 at the Wayback Machine, Chris Clarke, REWIRE, May 5, 2014
- ^ "Genesis Solar Energy Project Eastern Riverside County, California - Amendment (09-AFC-8)" (PDF). California Energy Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- ^ "Abengoa Solar begins construction on Extremadura's second solar concentrating solar power plant". abengoasolar.com. Archived from the original on 2009-12-04. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Mapa de proyectos en España Archived 2014-10-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "CSP World: Abengoa closes financing and begin operation of Solaben 1 & 6 CSP plants in Spain". csp-world.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-16. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
- ^ a b "Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Solar Electric Generating Station I - Concentrating Solar Power - NREL". www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-06-11. Retrieved 2013-04-18.
- ^ a b "Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Solar Electric Generating Station II- Concentrating Solar Power - NREL". www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-06-22. Retrieved 2013-04-18.
- ^ a b "Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Solar Electric Generating Station III - Concentrating Solar Power - NREL". www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-06-22. Retrieved 2013-04-18.
- ^ a b "Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Solar Electric Generating Station IV - Concentrating Solar Power - NREL". www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-06-21. Retrieved 2013-04-18.
- ^ a b "Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Solar Electric Generating Station V - Concentrating Solar Power - NREL". www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-06-11. Retrieved 2013-04-18.
- ^ a b "Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Solar Electric Generating Station VI - Concentrating Solar Power - NREL". www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-06-21. Retrieved 2013-04-18.
- ^ a b "Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Solar Electric Generating Station VII - Concentrating Solar Power - NREL". www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-12-05. Retrieved 2013-04-18.
- ^ a b "Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Solar Electric Generating Station VIII - Concentrating Solar Power - NREL". www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-06-11. Retrieved 2013-04-18.
- ^ a b Solar Electric Generating Station IX Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rubens, Craig (8 August 2008). "Abengoa Rakes in $426M for 4 Solar Power Plants". earth2tech.com. Archived from the original on 2 January 2009. Retrieved 2 February 2009.
- ^ "Abengoa Begins Operation of 50 MW Concentrating Solar Power Plant". SustainableBusiness.com News. May 6, 2010. Archived from the original on May 9, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
- ^ Abengoa Solar begins commercial operation of Solnova 1 Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Abengoa Solar begins commercial operation of Solnova 3 Archived 2010-06-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Abengoa Solar Reaches Total of 193 Megawatts Operating[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Solar Millennium AG - Andasol 1 has started test run - Archives - Press - Press Releases - Archive 2008". www.solarmillennium.de. Archived from the original on 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
- ^ "Solar Millennium AG - The Construction of the Andasol Power Plants. - Archives - Technology - References and Projects - Andasol (Spain)". www.solarmillennium.de. Archived from the original on 2011-05-27. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
- ^ Solar Thermal Power Generation - A Spanish Success Story Archived 2009-03-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ ACS Launches the Operation Phase of its Third Dispatchable 50 MW Thermal Power Plant in Spain, Extresol-1 Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Dhursar - Concentrating Solar Power - NREL". www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-03-01. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
- ^ a b "Initiatives in Renewable Energy". Reliance Energy. Archived from the original on 2017-06-05. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
- ^ a b "India Reliance Power's Dhursar concentrated solar power (CSP) project nears completion". HELIOSCSP. 26 July 2014. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
- ^ a b "Linear Fresnel Reflector". European Solar Thermal Electricity Association. Archived from the original on 21 June 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
- ^ "Israel inaugurates Negev concentrated solar power plant". Retrieved 29 August 2019.
- ^ "Israel's Megalim Concentrated Solar Power Plant Begins Operations". Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
- ^ "Negev Energy – Negev Energy English site". www.negevenergy.co.il. Archived from the original on 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2018-08-21.
- ^ "Israel's 121 MW Ashalim Plot B Concentrated Solar Power plant set for 50% expansion". HELIOSCSP. Archived from the original on 2018-08-21. Retrieved 2018-08-21.
- ^ "Home — SolarReserve". tonopahsolar.com. Archived from the original on 2010-06-06. Retrieved 2010-04-18.
- ^ "Crescent Dunes Solar Thermal Power Plant". Grupo COBRA. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
- ^ "Tonopah Solar Energy files for bankruptcy". Pahrump Valley Times. 2020-07-30. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ "The tower of Chile's concentrated solar power plant is completed and in testing phase". www.eulaif.eu. 2021-02-20. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Latin America's first CSP plant now online". pv magazine International. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Shouhang Dunhuang Phase I - 10 MW Tower | Concentrating Solar Power Projects | NREL". solarpaces.nrel.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "China 1st 100MW molten salt Solar Tower CSP Plant connected to grid". Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
- ^ Creamer, Terence. "100 MW Kathu CSP plant to be operational in 2018". Engineering News. Archived from the original on 2016-05-13. Retrieved 2016-05-11.
- ^ "New solar plants in sunny Northern Cape". www.southafrica.info. Archived from the original on 2016-05-23. Retrieved 2016-05-11.
- ^ "Kathu Solar Power Park - Nersa" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-06.
- ^ "The R12bn Kathu solar project: Good-bye diesel. Hello molten salt". Archived from the original on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
- ^ Kathu Solar Park Archived 2017-06-09 at the Wayback Machine, NREL
- ^ a b Abengoa: Plants under construction - South Africa Archived 2013-06-19 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "CSP World: Abengoa kicks off South Africa's first CSP plants construction". csp-world.com. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
- ^ "Abengoa Solar :: Our plants :: Operating facilities :: South Africa". Abengoa Solar. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
- ^ "Xina Solar One Concentrated Solar Power plant completes first month of operation, South Africa". Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
- ^ VALLE 1 and VALLE 2 Archived 2009-09-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Renewable Energy Magazine: Abengoa-E.ON joint solar thermal electric plant comes online Archived 2012-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "Abengoa Projects in Andalucia". abengoasolar.com. Archived from the original on 2008-06-03. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
- ^ "CSP World Solacor 2 comes on-line". csp-world.com. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2012-05-28.
- ^ "World's Largest Concentrating Solar Power Plant Launches In Abu Dhabi - CleanTechnica". cleantechnica.com. 17 March 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-07-17. Retrieved 2013-05-26.
- ^ Al Makahleh, Shehab (23 November 2012). "Milestone: Shams 1 set to tap solar power". Gulf News. Archived from the original on 26 November 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
- ^ "100MW Ilanga Concentrated Solar Power 1 achieves Commercial Operation Date". Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Concentrating Solar Power Projects in China". Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
- ^ a b "15 GW Concentrated Solar Power projects to compete for China 2nd batch pilot projects". Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
- ^ Santamarta, Jose. "China largest 100 MW parabolic trough Concentrated Solar Power plant connected to the grid". HELIOSCSP (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-06-17.
- ^ a b Here comes the sun! FPL's Next Generation Solar Energy Center to be world's first hybrid solar plant, first utility-scale solar facility in Florida Archived 2008-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Lanzhou Dacheng Dunhuang (DCTC Dunhuang) - 10MW Fresnel | Concentrating Solar Power Projects | NREL". solarpaces.nrel.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ a b c d "China makes half of global newly-built concentrated solar power capacity in 2019". 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
- ^ "Delingha 50 MW Tower CSP has successfully connected to the grid". Archived from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
- ^ "CDM: Bokpoort CSP (Concentrating Solar Power) Project, South Africa". cdm.unfccc.int. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Archived from the original on 2014-10-16. Retrieved 2013-02-06.
- ^ "CSP World: Groundbreaking ceremony for Bokpoort CSP plant in South Africa has been held". csp-world.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-15. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
- ^ José María Barreda and Ignacio Galán open Iberdrola Renovables’ first solar termal power plant[permanent dead link]
- ^ Acciona Status Solarpaces 2008 Archived 2009-03-18 at the Wayback Machine p.25
- ^ "ACCIONA - Líder Mundial en Energía Renovable e Infraestructuras". arquivo.pt. Archived from the original on 2016-05-16.
- ^ ACCIONA opens its first CSP plant in Spain, in Extremadura
- ^ "Spain - A Solar Thermal Powerhouse - Energy Matters". energymatters.com.au. 15 July 2010. Archived from the original on 18 July 2010. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- ^ a b Concentrated Solar Power(CSP) Archived 2010-04-02 at archive.today
- ^ "Solar Millennium AG - Solar Millennium AG and OHL Industrial jointly take over planned Spanish 50 megawatt power plant Arenales from Fotowatio Renewable Ventures - Archives - Press - Press Releases - Archive 2011". www.solarmillennium.de. Archived from the original on 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2011-09-05.
- ^ Acciona starts work on its €237 million CSP plant in Spain[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Solel Begins Construction on New 50 MW Solar Field in Spain using Advanced SunField LP Technology" (PDF). solel.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-07-11. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
- ^ CSP World: Godawari Green Energy Archived 2013-08-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Godawari Solar Project - Concentrating Solar Power - NREL". www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-06-23. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
- ^ "Godawari green energy - Solar thermal power plant". slideshare.net. 17 June 2013. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
- ^ "Página no encontrada - Enerstar". enerstar.es. Archived from the original on 2008-04-22. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
{{cite web}}
:|first=
missing|last=
(help) - ^ "Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Megha Solar Plant - Concentrating Solar Power - NREL". www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-04-28. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
- ^ Kumar, V Rishi (12 November 2014). "MEIL Green Power commissions 50 MW solar farm". The Hindu Business Line. Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
- ^ "China's First Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Has Connected to the Grid". Archived from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
- ^ "Kuwait eyes up to 400 MW of Concentrated Solar Power". Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
- ^ "Brief on Shagaya 50MW CSP plant--Kuwait first Concentrated Solar Power project". Archived from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
- ^ SEC starts operating solar-powered plant in Waad Al-Shamal Archived 2019-07-08 at the Wayback Machine, Saudi Gazette, July 9, 2018
- ^ "Power China Gonghe 50 MW Molten Salt Tower Concentrated Solar Power Project successfully connected to the grid". Retrieved 20 September 2019.
- ^ a b "China's Big State-Owned Firms Begin New Concentrated Solar Power for 2024". Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ "Three solar modules of world's first commercial beam-down tower Concentrated Solar Power project to be connected to grid". Retrieved 18 August 2019.
- ^ "Yumen Xinneng / Xinchen - 50MW Beam-down | Concentrating Solar Power Projects | NREL". solarpaces.nrel.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "DEWA launches tender for 900MW 5th phase of Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Concentrated Solar Power Park". Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
- ^ "Phases of energy production, DEWA". Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
- ^ "UAE's push on concentrated solar power should open eyes across world". Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- ^ "Shouhang Yumen 100 MW Tower | Concentrating Solar Power Projects". solarpaces.nrel.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ Santamarta, Jose. "Shouhang Yumen 100MW Concentrated Solar Power Project starts building its tower this week". HELIOSCSP (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "New solar plants in sunny Northern Cape". South Africa.info. 9 January 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-01-14. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
- ^ "Redstone Solar Thermal Power Plant". Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
- ^ "Reliably Powering South Africa with Clean Solar Energy – Day and Night" (PDF). SOLARRESERVE. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ^ "ACWA Power's Redstone CSP Draws Down Debt in 9th Month of Construction". SolarPACES. 22 February 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
- ^ "Project 6835 : Inner Mongolia Erdos 50MWp Groove Type Solar Thermal Project". unfccc.int. Archived from the original on 2014-07-26. Retrieved 2013-02-19.
- ^ "Shenzhen Jinfan Akesai - 50MW Molten Salt Trough | Concentrating Solar Power Projects | NREL". solarpaces.nrel.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
- ^ "Morocco follows lowest ever Concentrated Solar Power price with fresh tender". Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2019.
- ^ "Controllable solar power – competitively priced for the first time in North Africa". Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ "Morocco Breaks New Record with 800 MW Midelt 1 CSP-PV at 7 Cents". Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ "SolarReserve Receives Environmental Approval for 450 MW 24/7 Baseload Solar Facility in Chile_EnergyTrend PV". pv.energytrend.com. Archived from the original on 2017-03-07. Retrieved 2017-03-07.
- ^ "Likana". www.solarreserve.com. Archived from the original on 2017-03-08. Retrieved 2017-03-07.
- ^ "Solarreserve Obtiene Aprobación Ambiental para Construir una Central de Concentración Solar de 260 MW". www.prnewswire.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-08-26.
- ^ a b "Solúcar Platform". abengoasolar.com. Archived from the original on 2008-02-25. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
- ^ Iran's biggest solar power plant [dead link]
- ^ "Kuwait's first solar park to be built for US$3.27 billion". pv-tech.org. Archived from the original on 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
- ^ "Docket: 17-08003 - Original filing (insert docket number in search field)". pucweb1.state.nv.us. Nevada Public Utilities Commission. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- ^ "Blythe Solar Power Project". www.energy.ca.gov. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ "Calico Solar Project". www.energy.ca.gov. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ "Imperial Valley Solar". www.energy.ca.gov. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ "Palen Solar Power Project". www.energy.ca.gov. Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ "Ridgecrest Solar Power Project". www.energy.ca.gov. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ "Solar Energy Projects in California". www.energy.ca.gov. Archived from the original on 14 July 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ "Port Augusta solar thermal power plant scrapped after failing to secure finance". ABC News. 5 April 2019. Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ^ Boragis: El Reboso II Archived 2009-12-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Boragis: El Reboso III
- ^ "SCE Solar 100". www.energy.ca.gov. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ "Concentrating Solar Power Projects - Diwakar - Concentrating Solar Power - NREL". www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-10-06. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
- ^ "Concentrating Solar Power Projects - KVK Energy Solar Project - Concentrating Solar Power - NREL". www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-10-06. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
- ^ Guida All'energia Solare. Edizioni Mediterranee. 1983. p. 231.
- ^ "Making solar thermal power generation in India a reality – Overview of technologies, opportunities and challenges" (PDF). aprekh.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-04-20. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
- ^ Wilson, Alex (April 29, 2010). "Building Green's Product of the Week". Stirling SunCatcher with "Heat Engine" Technology. Building Green. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
- ^ "Former Stirling power plant in Peoria to be sold, disassembled". Archived from the original on 2014-08-11. Retrieved 2014-07-21.
- ^ "Top bid on plant is $250K - USATODAY.com". usatoday.com. Archived from the original on 2012-08-18. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Further reading
- Clean Tech Nation: How the U.S. Can Lead in the New Global Economy (2012) by Ron Pernick and Clint Wilder
- Deploying Renewables 2011 (2011) by the International Energy Agency
- Reinventing Fire: Bold Business Solutions for the New Energy Era (2011) by Amory Lovins
- Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (2011) by the IPCC
- Solar Energy Perspectives (2011) by the International Energy Agency
- Energy Transition in Metropolises, Rural Areas and Deserts (2020) by Wiley