Bacolod
Template:Infobox Philippine city
- For the municipality in Lanao del Norte, see Bacolod, Lanao del Norte.
Bacolod City, is the capital and largest highly urbanized Philippine city of the province of Negros Occidental, famous for its MassKara Festival held during October. Known for its charming and friendly people, the city earned the nickname "City of Smiles."
History
The city's name was derived from the Hiligaynon word "bakolod" – meaning "stonehill" – since the settlement was founded in 1770 on a stonehill area, now the district of Granada and the former site of the Bacolod Murcia Milling Company.
Due to Muslim raids in 1787, Bacolod was transferred away from the shoreline. The old site was called "Da-an Banwa," meaning "old town".
In 1894, by order of Governor General Claveria, through Negros Island Governor Manuel Valdevieso Morquecho, Bacolod was made the capital of the Province of Negros. Bernardino de los Santos became the first gobernadorcillo and Fray Julian Gonzaga the first parish priest.
The success of the revolution in Bacolod was attributed to the low morale of the local Spanish detachment, due to its defeat in Panay and Luzon and to the psychological warfare waged by Generals Aniceto Lacson and Juan Araneta. In 1897, a battle in Bacolod was fought at Matab-ang River. A year later, on November 5, 1898, the Negrense "Revolucionarios," armed with knives, bolos, spears, and rifle-like "nipa" stems, and pieces of "sawali" or "amakan" mounted on carts, captured the convento where Coronel Isidro de Castro y Cisneros, well-armed "cazadores" and platoons of civil guards, surrendered. Two days later, on the 7th, most of the revolutionary army gathered together to establish a Provisional Junta and to confirm the elections of Aniceto Lacson as president, Juan Araneta as war-delegate, as well as the other officials. (See Negros Revolution.)
On March 1899, the American forces led by Colonel James G. Smith occupied Bacolod, the revolutionary capital of the Provisional Republic of Negros.
By virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 326, enacted by the National Assembly, Bacolod was made a chartered city on October 19, 1938.
In World War II, Bacolod City was occupied by the Japanese forces on May 21, 1942. It was liberated by the American forces on May 29, 1945. It took time to rebuild Bacolod after the liberation. The city's public markets and slaughterhouses were rebuilt during the administration of former mayor Vicente T. Remitio from 1947 to 1949.
Profile
Bacolod is a major seaport and has daily ferry trips to Iloilo City. By boat, Bacolod is 18 hours from Manila and 7 hours from Cebu City. Bacolod City Domestic Airport is 4 kilometers away from the city's downtown area. Bacolod is 45 minutes from Manila by plane and 30 minutes from Cebu City by plane.
Bacolod City has only two main roads, Lacson Boulevard is to the north and Araneta Street to the south. Bacolod is also known for its wide road city features which has 6 lane capacity. The City has a well traffic plan lay-out and has no traffic jams, not just like other highly-urbanized cities in the Philippines.
Bacolod is ideally located on a level area, slightly sloping as it extends toward the sea with an average slope of 0.9 percent for the city proper and between 3 to 5 percent for the suburbs. The altitude is 32.8 feet or 10.0 meters above sea level with the Bacolod City Public Plaza as the benchmark. Bacolod has two pronounced seasons, wet and dry. The rainy season starts from May to January of the following year with heavy rains occurring during the months of August and September. Dry season starts from the month of February until the last week of April.
The city serves as the gateway to the sugar-rich cities and towns of the province. Visitors' facilities abound; modern means of in-land transport can take guests for business or leisure to any point in Negros Island.
Bacolod City is home to the Panaad Stadium, which has a seating capacity of 15,500, but holds around 20,000 people with standing areas. Equipped with an Olympic-size swimming pool, a rubberized oval field and a "Eucalyptic atmosphere" because it is shaded by a forest of Eucalyptus trees, it became the host venue of several National and International events in the country. Beside the Panaad Stadium is the Panaad Park, home of "Panaad sa Negros" - a festival held annually from late April until early May (or after Holy Week). The Panaad Park is a recreational mini forest park that showcases the life, culture, trade, tourism, and cuisine of the Negrense.
Along its highways, sugarcane plantations are a typical scene; coconut and rice are also grown. The people are engaged in livestock, fishing and pottery.
Most of the residents of Bacolod speak Hiligaynon, which is also referred to as Ilonggo after the neighboring province of Iloilo, where many of the ancestors of the present-day Negrenses originally came from. The rest generally speak Filipino - the national language, and Cebuano. English is considered a second language. A considerable number of residents of Chinese ancenstry also converse in the Amoy dialect.[citation needed]
Contemporary events
Bacolod was one of the host cities of the 23rd Southeast Asian Games from November 20 to December 4, 2005. Sports held in the city included boxing, indoor volleyball, beach volleyball, weightlifting, and men's football. It is also the Host Venue for the 2006 Asian Cup Qualifiers and is considered the FootBall City of the Philippines. It is also host to the annual MassKara Festival, which the city is most famous for.
The incoming mayor of Bacolod City is Evelio Leonardia and the vice mayor is Jude Thaddeus Sayson. Rep. Monico Puentevella is also the current representative of the lone district of Bacolod in the Philippine House of Representatives.
Four call centers were established in the city in 2005. These call center facilities are being managed by international companies such as Teleperformance, TeleTech and local call center companies - IO Asia and Focus Pacific, while Convergys Philippines currently has a building under construction. A new government center is under construction and is set to be completed within the next 18 months.
SM Prime inc., the largest mall operator in the Philippines, recently opened a branch in Bacolod City last March 2, 2007. It has a total land area of 161,096.60 sq.m. and has a total gross floor area of 61,413 sq.m. It is the third SM mall in the Visayas.
The city's airport, called the Bacolod City Domestic Airport is set to be replaced by the new Bacolod-Silay International Airport in the nearby city of Silay. The P4.37-billion airport is capable of handling all-weather and night-landing operations.
Its 2,000-meter long and 45-meter wide runway, and 678-meter by 23-meter taxiways can accommodate Airbus A320 family-size aircraft, while the apron can hold five aircraft at any one time.
In a recent study by the Asian Institute of Management (AIM), Bacolod City tops the list as the Most Business Friendly Highly Urbanized City and Number 1 in terms of infrastructure, cost of doing business and cost of living, ahead of such other highly urbanized cities like Iloilo, Naga, Cagayan de Oro, and others.[citation needed]
Bacolod City also received an award from ANVIL (a National Award giving body) for its implementation of laws that can speed up processing of business applications and payments of taxes.[citation needed]