800 metres
| Athletics 800 metres | |
|---|---|
 800 metres final in Daegu 2011. | |
| World records | |
| Men |  David Rudisha 1:40.91 (2012) |
| Women |  Jarmila Kratochvílová 1:53.28 (1983) |
| Olympic records | |
| Men | David Rudisha 1:40.91 (2012) |
| Women |  Nadezhda Olizarenko 1:53.43 (1980) |
The 800 metres, or 800 meters (US spelling), is a common track running event. It is the shortest common middle-distance running event. The 800 metres is run over two laps of the track (400 metre track) and has been an Olympic event since the first games in 1896. During indoor track season the event is usually run on a 200-metre track, therefore requiring four laps.
The event was derived from the imperial measurement of a half a mile (880 yards), a traditional English racing distance. Imperial racing distances were common in the United States. American high schools (in the name of the NFHS) were the last to convert to metric distances in 1980, following the NCAA's conversion in 1976. Countries associated to the English system converted to metric distances after the 1966 Commonwealth Games. 800 m is 4.67 m less than half a mile.
The event combines aerobic endurance with anaerobic conditioning and sprint speed. Both the aerobic and anaerobic systems are being taxed to a high extent, thus the 800 metre athlete is required to combine training between both systems.
Runners in this event are often fast enough to compete in the 400 metres and/or the 4 × 400 metres relay[1] but only Alberto Juantorena and Jarmila Kratochvílová have won major international titles at 400 m and 800 m. If they are so inclined, 400 m runners are usually encouraged to run the 200 metres while 800 m runners are encouraged to run the 1500 metres.
Race tactics
The 800 m event is also known for its tactical racing techniques. Because the 800 m event is the shortest event that has all the runners converge on lane one, positioning on the cut-in is critical to the outcome of the race. It is commonly believed that getting the first or second position early in the race is advantageous as these positions are not usually caught up in the pack. Olympic champions Dave Wottle, Yuriy Borzakovskiy and others have defied that logic by running a more evenly paced race, lagging behind the pack and kicking past the slowing early leaders. Often the winner of 800 m races at high levels are not determined by the strongest runner but instead by the athlete with the best positioning near the end of the race. This can lead to the most exciting aspect of the 800 m which is its high probability of an upset.
Two common tactics for the 800 meters are running a negative split or a positive split between laps. The positive split is widely considered to be the more effective strategy, but on occasion experienced runners have been known to use a negative split to their advantage. A positive split is achieved by running the first lap faster than the second lap, and a negative split is achieved by the opposite, running the second lap faster than the first. The current world record holder, David Rudisha, runs using a positive split strategy. In his 2012 Olympic race, he ran his first lap in 49.28 seconds and his second lap in 51.63 seconds. Theoretically, an even split is the most effective strategy, but it is nearly impossible to achieve due to the race's length.
Continental records
| Area | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | |
| Africa (records) | 1:40.91 WR | David Rudisha | Kenya |
1:54.01 | Pamela Jelimo | Kenya
|
| Asia (records) | 1:42.79 | Yusuf Saad Kamel |  Bahrain |
1:55.54 | Dong Liu |  China
|
| Europe (records) | 1:41.11 | Wilson Kipketer |  Denmark |
1:53.28 WR | Jarmila Kratochvílová | Czechoslovakia
|
| North, Central America and Caribbean (records) |
1:42.60 | Johnny Gray |  United States |
1:54.44 | Ana Fidelia Quirot |  Cuba
|
| Oceania (records) | 1.44.3+ | Peter Snell |  New Zealand |
1:58.25 | Toni Hodgkinson | New Zealand
|
| South America (records) | 1:41.77 | Joaquim Cruz |  Brazil |
1:56.58 | Letitia Vriesde |  Suriname
|
All-time top 25 fastest
Men
As of August 2016
| Rank | Time | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1:40.91 | David Rudisha | Kenya
|
9 August 2012 | London | [2] |
| 2 | 1:41.11 | Wilson Kipketer | Denmark |
24 August 1997 | Cologne | |
| 3 | 1:41.73 | Sebastian Coe |  United Kingdom |
10 June 1981 | Florence | |
| 1:41.73 | Nijel Amos |  Botswana |
9 August 2012 | London | [2] | |
| 5 | 1:41.77 | Joaquim Cruz |  Brazil |
26 August 1984 | Cologne | |
| 6 | 1:42.23 | Abubaker Kaki Khamis |  Sudan
|
4 June 2010 | Oslo | [3] |
| 7 | 1:42.28 | Sammy Koskei | Kenya |
26 August 1984 | Cologne | |
| 8 | 1:42.34 | Wilfred Bungei | Kenya |
8 September 2002 | Rieti | |
| 9 | 1:42.37 | Mohammed Aman |  Ethiopia
|
6 September 2013 | Brussels | [4] |
| 10 | 1:42.47 | Yuriy Borzakovskiy |  Russia |
24 August 2001 | Brussels | |
| 11 | 1:42.51 | Amel Tuka |  Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
17 July 2015 | Fontvieille | [5] |
| 12 | 1:42.53 | Timothy Kitum | Kenya |
9 August 2012 | London | |
| 13 | 1:42.53 | Pierre-Ambroise Bosse |  France |
18 July 2014 | Fontvieille | |
| 14 | 1:42.55 | André Bucher |  Switzerland |
17 August 2001 | Zürich | |
| 15 | 1:42.58 | Vebjørn Rodal |  Norway |
31 July 1996 | Atlanta | |
| 16 | 1:42.60 | Johnny Gray |  United States |
28 August 1985 | Koblenz | |
| 17 | 1:42.61 | Taoufik Makhloufi |  Algeria
|
15 August 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [6] |
| 18 | 1:42.62 | Patrick Ndururi | Kenya |
17 August 2001 | Zurich | |
| 19 | 1:42.67 | Alfred Kirwa Yego | Kenya |
6 September 2009 | Rieti | |
| 20 | 1:42.69 | Hezekiél Sepeng |  South Africa |
3 September 2009 | Brussels | |
| 21 | 1:42.69 | Japheth Kimutai | Kenya |
3 September 2009 | Brussels | |
| 22 | 1:42.79 | Frederick Onyancha | Kenya |
31 July 1996 | Atlanta | |
| 23 | 1:42.79 | Yusuf Saad Kamel | Bahrain |
29 July 2008 | Fontvieille | |
| 24 | 1:42.81 | Jean-Patrick Nduwimana |  Burundi |
17 August 2001 | Zürich | |
| 25 | 1:42.82 | Duane Solomon | United States |
9 August 2012 | London |
Women
As of August 2016.
Juniors
World junior records (19 and under) are held by Nijel Amos (1:41.73, London, 9 August 2012) and Pamela Jelimo (1:54.01, Zürich, 29 August 2008). Both marks coincidentally rank them as the third fastest ever.
Olympic medalists
Men
Women
World Championships medalists
Men
Medalists by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kenya (KEN) |
7 | 3 | 4 | 14 |
| 2 | Denmark (DEN) |
3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 3 | United States (USA)
|
1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 4 | Algeria (ALG) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| South Africa (RSA)
|
1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
 Canada (CAN)
|
1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
| 7 | Bahrain (BHR) |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 | Ethiopia (ETH) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Switzerland (SUI)
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
 West Germany (FRG)
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| France (FRA)
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 12 | Russia (RUS)
|
0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 13 |  Poland (POL) |
0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 14 | Brazil (BRA) |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 15 | Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Great Britain (GBR)
|
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 17 |  Italy (ITA)
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
 Netherlands (NED)
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Sudan (SUD)
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Burundi (BDI)
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Cuba (CUB) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 22 |  Djibouti (DJI)
|
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Norway (NOR)
|
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Women
Medalists by country
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kenya (KEN) |
3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| 2 |  Mozambique (MOZ) |
3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 3 | Cuba (CUB) |
3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 4 | South Africa (RSA) |
3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | United States (USA) |
1 | 2 | 5 | 8 |
| 6 | Soviet Union (URS) |
1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 7 |  East Germany (GDR) |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 8 |  Belarus (BLR)
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Czech Republic (CZE) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Czechoslovakia (TCH) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
 Uganda (UGA)
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 12 | Russia (RUS) |
0 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 13 |  Morocco (MAR) |
0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 14 | Great Britain (GBR) |
0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 15 | Suriname (SUR) |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 16 |  Austria (AUT) |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 17 |  Romania (ROM) |
0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 18 |  Spain (ESP) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 19 | Burundi (BDI)
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Canada (CAN)
|
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Season's bests
As of June 5, 2015
External links
References
- ^ While 1500m runners are usually encouraged to run 5000 metres and/or 3000m steeplechase.
- ^ a b "800 Metres Results". IAAF. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
- ^ "800 Metres Results". www.diamondleague-oslo.com. 2010-06-04. Archived from the original on 7 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "800m Result" (PDF). Samsung Diamond League. Omega Timing. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
- ^ "800m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 17 July 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ "Men's 800m Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 15 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
- ^ "Women's 800m Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 20 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
- ^ On 10 February 2017, the Court of Arbitration for Sport upheld a four-year ban that effectively stripped of the gold medal of Mariya Savinova of Russia, based upon her biological passport. Caster Semenya of South Africa was advanced to gold, Ekaterina Poistogova of Russia to silver, and Pamela Jelimo of Kenya to bronze. Poistogova herself was later found guilty of doping, but her Olympic results were unaffected, and the IOC decided to upgrade her medal.
- ^ BBC Sport
- ^ "IAAF Toplist 800m Women Outdoor". IAAF. December 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
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