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Demographics of Mongolia

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Demographics of {{{place}}}
Demographics of Mongolia, Data of FAO, year 2015
Population3,296,866[1] (2020 census)
Density1.76/km2
Growth rate1.46%[1] (2010 census)
Birth rate20.7 births/1,000 population[2] (2012 est.)
Death rate6.01 deaths/1,000 population[2] (2012 est.)
Life expectancy68.63 years[2] (2012 est.)
 • male66.16 years[2] (2012 est.)
 • female71.23 years[2] (2012 est.)
Fertility rate2.19[2] (2012 est.)
Infant mortality rate36 deaths/1,000 live births[2] (2012 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years27.1%[2] (2012 est.)
15–64 years68.9%[2] (2012 est.)
65 and over4%[2] (2012 est.)
Sex ratio
Total1 male(s)/female[2] (2012 est.)
At birth1.05 male(s)/female[2] (2012 est.)
Under 151.04 male(s)/female[2] (2012 est.)
15–64 years1 male(s)/female[2] (2012 est.)
65 and over0.77 male(s)/female[2] (2012 est.)
Nationality
NationalityMongolian
Major ethnicMongol
Minor ethnicKazakh
Language
OfficialMongolian
SpokenMongolian, Kazakh

This article is about the demographics of Mongolia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Vital statistics

UN estimates[3]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR1 CDR1 NC1 TFR1 IMR1
1950-1955 33 000 18 000 15 000 40.0 21.4 18.6 5.60 182.9
1955-1960 39 000 19 000 20 000 43.0 20.7 22.2 6.30 164.9
1960-1965 49 000 19 000 30 000 47.9 18.4 29.5 7.50 134.5
1965-1970 54 000 19 000 34 000 44.8 15.9 28.8 7.50 118.6
1970-1975 59 000 19 000 40 000 43.0 13.9 29.1 7.50 106.5
1975-1980 63 000 21 000 42 000 39.6 13.1 26.5 6.65 104.5
1980-1985 69 000 22 000 47 000 38.1 12.4 25.7 5.75 102.3
1985-1990 75 000 22 000 53 000 36.6 10.8 25.9 4.90 91.7
1990-1995 62 000 22 000 40 000 27.6 9.6 18.0 3.30 66.6
1995-2000 52 000 20 000 33 000 22.1 8.3 13.8 2.50 54.7
2000-2005 47 000 17 000 30 000 18.9 7.2 11.7 2.08 43.5
2005-2010 62 000 17 000 45 000 22.4 6.9 15.5 2.40 36.0
2010-2015 26.1 6.3 19.8 2.84
2015-2020 24.4 6.3 18.1 2.90
2020-2025 20.5 6.4 14.1 2.73
2025-2030 18.1 6.7 11.4 2.59
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Registered births and deaths

[4]

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate
1996 51,806 17,550 34,256
1997 49,488 16,980 32,508
1998 49,256 15,799 33,457
1999 49,461 16,105 33,356
2000 48,721 15,472 33,249
2001 49,685 15,999 33,686 20.5 6.6 13.9
2002 46,922 15,857 31,065 19.1 6.4 12.7
2003 45,723 16,006 29,717 18.4 6.4 12.0
2004 45,501 16,404 29,097 18.1 6.5 11.6
2005 45,326 16,480 28,846 17.8 6.5 11.3
2006 49,092 16,682 32,410 19.0 6.5 12.5
2007 2,615,000 56,636 16,259 40,377 21.7 6.2 15.4 2.341
2008 2,659,000 63,768 15,413 48,355 24.0 5.8 18.2 2.595
2009 2,710,000 69,167 16,911 52,256 25.7 6.3 19.4 2.695
2010 2,758,000 63,270 18,293 44,977 23.1 6.7 16.4 2.390
2011 69,853 19,155 50,698 25.1 6.9 18.2 2.60
2012 73,839 17,761 56,078 26.0 6.3 19.7 2.70
2013 79,780 17,247 62,533 27.5 5.9 21.6 3.00
2014 2,959,000 82,839 16,521 66,318 28.0 5.6 22.4 3.10
2015 3,033,000 82,130 17,620 64,510 27.1 5.8 21.3 3.10
2016 3,098,000 79,920 17,763 62,157 25.4 5.2 20.2 3.00
2017 3,177,899 75,321 17,357 57,964 23.9 5.5 18.4 2.80
2018 3,238,479 78,444 17,864 60,580 24.5 5.6 18.9 2.90
2019 80,251 17,195 63,056 24.3 5.2 19.1 3.00

Life expectancy

Period Life expectancy in
Years 		Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 43.2 1985–1990 59.6
1955–1960 46.1 1990–1995 60.8
1960–1965 50.7 1995–2000 61.8
1965–1970 53.9 2000–2005 64.1
1970–1975 56.4 2005–2010 66.1
1975–1980 56.9 2010–2015 68.5
1980–1985 57.3

Source: UN World Population Prospects[5]

Structure of the population[6]

2016 population pyramid of Mongolia via. CIA World Factbook

Structure of the population (11.11.2010) (Census) :

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 1 313 968 1 333 577 2 647 545 100
0-4 146 516 141 981 288 497 10,90
5-9 110 117 106 097 216 214 8,17
10-14 120 064 116 801 236 865 8,95
15-19 130 560 127 085 257 645 9,73
20-24 147 472 144 711 292 183 11,04
25-29 124 490 123 493 247 983 9,37
30-34 111 976 110 546 222 522 8,40
35-39 100 819 101 564 202 383 7,64
40-44 88 273 90 994 179 267 6,77
45-49 77 475 81 281 158 756 6,00
50-54 58 009 64 073 122 082 4,61
55-59 33 384 38 605 71 989 2,72
60-64 22 106 27 347 49 453 1,87
65-69 17 262 20 970 38 232 1,44
70-74 13 081 16 251 29 332 1,11
75-79 7 252 11 365 18 617 0,70
80-84 3 258 5 908 9 166 0,35
85-89 1 378 3 037 4 415 0,17
90-94 383 1 076 1 459 0,06
95-99 80 322 402 0,02
100+ 13 70 83 <0,01
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 376 697 364 879 741 576 28,01
15-64 894 564 909 699 1 804 263 68,15
65+ 42 707 58 999 101 706 3,84

Structure of the population (01.07.2013) (Estimates) :

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 1 409 648 1 489 363 2 899 011 100
0-4 158 578 153 763 312 341 10,77
5-9 121 534 118 706 240 240 8,29
10-14 119 093 116 891 235 984 8,14
15-19 125 751 127 324 253 075 8,73
20-24 149 565 154 323 303 888 10,48
25-29 143 113 149 877 292 990 10,11
30-34 122 710 130 973 253 683 8,75
35-39 111 396 119 629 231 025 7,97
40-44 95 134 104 034 199 168 6,87
45-49 82 000 91 869 173 868 6,00
50-54 65 965 75 237 141 201 4,87
55-59 42 749 50 508 93 257 3,22
60-64 25 525 31 862 57 386 1,98
65-69 17 524 22 340 39 864 1,38
70-74 14 689 18 102 32 790 1,13
75-79 8 092 11 753 19 845 0,68
80-84 4 126 7 454 11 580 0,40
85-89 1 512 3 020 4 532 0,16
90-94 509 1 343 1 852 0,06
95-99 73 281 354 0,01
100+ 15 80 95 <0,01
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 399 205 389 360 788 565 27,20
15-64 963 903 1 035 630 1 999 533 68,97
65+ 46 540 64 373 110 913 3,83

Ethnicity and languages

The demonym for the people of Mongolia is Mongolian. The name Mongol usually accounts for people of the Mongol ethnic group, thus excluding Turkic groups such as Kazakhs and Tuvans.

Ethnic Mongols account for about 97% of the population and consist of Khalkh and other groups, all distinguished primarily by dialects of the Mongolian language. The Khalkhs make up 86% of the ethnic Mongol population. The remaining 14% include Oirats, Buryats and others. Ethnic distinctions among the Mongol subgroups are relatively minor. Language or tribal differences are not a political or social issue.

Significant ethnic Turkic speaker Kazakhs constitute 3.9% of Mongolia's population. Khotons and Chantuu are Mongolized people with Turkic origin and speak in Mongolian.

In around 1860, part of the Middle jüz Kazakhs who sought refuge from Qing Empire massacre in Xinjiang came to Mongolia and were allowed to settle down in Bayan-Ölgii Province. There are smaller numbers of Russian, Chinese, Korean and American people working in Mongolia since 1990. 3,000 Westerners live in Mongolia, accounting for 0.1% of its total population.[7]

English is the most widely used foreign language followed by Russian. Lately, Chinese,[8] Japanese, Korean and German are gaining popularity.

Ethnicity

National censuses data[9]
Ethnic groups Ethno-linguistic family 1956 1963 1969 1979 1989 2000 2010[10]
Khalkh Mongolic 639,141 775,376 911,079 1,235,806 1,610,424 1,934,674 2,168,141
Kazakh Turkic 36,729 47,735 62,812 84,305 120,506 102,983 101,526
Dörbet Mongolic 25,667 31,339 34,725 45,053 55,208 66,706 72,403
Bayid Mongolic 15,874 19,891 25,479 31,053 39,233 50,824 56,573
Buryat Mongolic 24,625 28,523 29,772 29,802 35,444 40,620 45,087
Zakhchin Mongolic 15,772 14,399 15,662 18,957 23,478 25,183 32,845
Dariganga Mongolic 16,852 18,587 20,603 24,564 29,040 31,909 27,412
Altai Uriankhai Turkic 10,833[11] 13,140 15,057 19,475 22,998 29,766 26,654
Darkhad Mongolic 8,826 10,174 10,716 14,757 19,019 21,558
Khotogoid Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 7,237 15,460
Torguud Mongolic 4,729 6,028 7,119 8,617 10,050 12,628 14,176
Khotons Mongolic 2,603 2,874 4,056 4,380 6,076 9,014 11,304
Myangad Mongolic 2,518 2,712 3,222 4,173 4,760 6,028 6,592
Tuvan Turkic ... ... ... ... ... 4,778 5,169
Barga Mongolic 2,458 2,343 2,305 1,999 2,130 2,506 2,989
Üzemchin Mongolic 2,046 2,070 2,127 2,030 2,086 2,386 2,577
Eljigin Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 151 1,340
Sartuul Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 1,540 1,286
Hamnigan of Tungusic origin Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 565 537
Tsaatan Turkic ... ... ... ... ... 303 282
Chantuu Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 380 260
Kharchin Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 266 152
Chahar Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 123 132
(Huuchid)[a] Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
(Baarin)[a] Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
(Khorchin)[a] Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
(Tümed)[a] Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Russian nationals 13,444 8,905 1,433 196 140 2,020 2,474
Chinese nationals 16,157 21,981 725 344 247 3,374 8,688
Korean nationals ... ... ... ... ... 338 1,522
American nationals ... ... ... ... ... 303 656
Others 11,125 6,819 35,045 8,653 1,509 ... ...
Mongolia 845,481 1,017,162 1,188,271 1,538,980 1,987,274 2,365,269 2,754,685
  1. ^ a b c d Not listed in the Censuses

Literacy

Literacy rate is the percentage of people over the age of 15 who can read and write.

Total population: 98.3%[12]

After a decline in enrollment ratios during the transition to a market economy in the 1990s, school attendance is now once more near-universal: primary school attendance rate is estimated at 97%, and adult literacy at 98%.[13]

Religions

Main article: Religion in Mongolia
A young Mongolian boy

Various forms of Shamanism have been widely practiced throughout the history of what is now Mongolia, as such beliefs were common among nomadic people in Asian history. Such beliefs gradually gave way to Tibetan Buddhism, but shamanism has left a mark on Mongolian religious culture, and continues to be practiced.

Traditionally, Tibetan Buddhism was the predominant religion. However, it was suppressed under the communist regime until 1990, with only one showcase monastery allowed to remain. Since 1990, as liberalization began, Buddhism has encountered a resurgence.

Religions in Mongolia
(population aged 15 and above)[12]
Religion Population %
Buddhism 909,357 53
Islam 190,702 3.0
Shamanism 155,174 2.9
Christianity 41,117 2.1
Other religions 6,933 0.4
Atheism 835,283 40
TOTAL 3,000,000 100.0

Urbanization

Life in sparsely populated Mongolia has become more urbanized. Nearly half of the people live in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and in other provincial centers. Semi nomadic life still predominates in the countryside, but settled agricultural communities are becoming more common. Mongolia's population growth rate is estimated at 1.54% (2000 census). About two-thirds of the total population is under age 30, 36% of whom are under 14.

Key: For population growth 1979 - 2008

  • Salmon cells indicate that the population has declined or experienced minimal (<1%) growth.
  • Light green cells indicate a growth between 1-2%.
  • Dark green cells indicate a growth of greater than or equal to 2%.
Rank Name Mongolian Inhabitants
(1979 est.[14][15][16]) 		Inhabitants
(1989 est.[14][17]) 		Inhabitants
(2000 census[14][18]) 		Inhabitants
(est. 2008[14]) 		Change since 1979 Growth Percentage/Year Administrative
Unit
1. Ulaanbaatar * Улаанбаатар 396,300 540,600 711,900 1,008,738 612,438 +5.2% Ulaanbaatar
2. Erdenet Эрдэнэт 29,100 - 68,310 86,866 57,766 +6.6% Orkhon
3. Darkhan Дархан 49,100 - 65,791 74,300 25,200 +1.7% Darkhan-Uul
4. Choibalsan Чойбалсан 28,500 37,300 40,123 38,150 9,650 +1.1% Dornod
5. Mörön Мөрөн 16,500 21,300 28,903 36,082 19,582 +4.0% Khövsgöl
6. Nalaikh Налайх - - 23,600 29,115 5,515 +3.0% Ulaanbaatar
7. Khovd Ховд 17,500 24,100 25,765 28,601 11,101 +2.1% Khovd
8. Ölgii Өлгий 18,700 27,200 25,791 27,855 9,155 +1.6% Bayan-Ölgii
9. Bayankhongor Баянхонгор 16,300 21,200 22,066 26,252 9,952 +2.0% Bayankhongor
10. Baganuur Багануур - - 21,100 25,877 4,777 +1.8% Ulaanbaatar
11. Arvaikheer Багануур 12,300 16,900 19,058 25,622 13,322 +3.6% Övörkhangai
12. Ulaangom Улаангом 17,900 22,900 25,993 21,406 3,506 +0.67% Uvs
13. Sükhbaatar Сүхбаатар 14,300 19,600 22,374 19,626 5,326 +1.2% Selenge
14. Sainshand Сайншанд 11,100 10,300 18,290 25,210 14,110 +4.2% Dornogovi
15. Dalanzadgad Даланзадгад 10,000 14,300 14,050 16,856 6,856 +2.3% Ömnögovi
16. Tsetserleg Цэцэрлэг 14,700 20,300 18,519 16,300 1,600 +0.37% Arkhangai
17. Uliastai Улиастай 15,400 20,300 18,154 16,240 840 +0.17% Zavkhan
18. Altai Алтай 13,700 18,800 15,741 15,800 2,100 +0.5% Govi-Altai
19. Züünkharaa Зүүнхараа 11,400 - 15,000(2004) - 3,600 +1.1% Selenge
20. Öndörkhaan Өндөрхаан 11,100 14,400 18,003 14,800 3,700 +1.1% Khentii
21. Zuunmod Зуунмод 9,800 15,800 14,837 14,568 4,768 +1.6% Töv
22. Baruun-Urt Баруун-Урт 11,600 16,100 15,133 12,994 1,394 +0.4% Sükhbaatar
23. Zamyn-Üüd Замын-Үүд - - 5,486 11,527 6,041 +13.8% Dornogovi
24. Bulgan Булган 11,300 12,800 12,681 11,198 -102 -0.03% Bulgan
25. Mandalgovi Мандалговь 10,200 16,100 14,517 10,299 99 +0.03% Dundgovi
26. Kharkhorin Хархорин - - 8,977(2003) - - n/a% Övörkhangai
27. Bor-Öndör Бор-Өндөр - - 6,406(2001) 8,902 2,496 +3.5% Khentii
28. Choir Чойр 4,500 - 8,983 7,998 3,498 +2.6% Govisümber
29. Sharyngol Шарынгол - - 8,902 7,798 -1,104 -2.8% Darkhan-Uul
Mongolia Монгол улс 1,538,980 1,987,274 2,365,269 2,635,000 1,096,600 +2.38%

* - city proper, Nalaikh, Baganuur, Bagakhangai not included in this figure, they are separated in the table.

From List of cities in Mongolia

Base demographic indicators for Mongolia

Base Demographic Indicators for Mongolia
Demography indicator units U.S. Census Bureau
International
Data Base
1 July 2007[19] 		United Nations
World Population
Prospects:
The 2007 Revision
1 July 2007[20] 		United Nations
Economic and Social
Commission for Asia
and Pacific(ESCAP)
1 July 2006[21] 		National Statistical
Office of Mongolia
31 December 2007[22]
Population person 2,951,786 2,629,000 2,605,000 2,635,200
Age structure: 0–14 years: % of total population 28.72 27 28 28.58
Age structure: 15–59 years: % of total population 65.56 67 n.a. 65.36
Age structure: 60 years and over: % of total population 5.72 6 n.a. 6.06
Population growth rate : % 1.486 1.20 0.9 1.545
Birth rate: births/1,000 population 21.07 18.5 19.7 (2000–2005) 21.7
Death rate: deaths/1,000 population 6.21 6.6 6.9 (2000–2005) 6.2
Net migration rate: migrant(s)/1,000 population 0 0 -4.0 (2000–2005) n.a.
Sex ratio: at birth: male(s)/female 1.0500 1.01 1.0424 1.0310
Sex ratio: under 15 years: male(s)/female 1.0408 n.a. 1.0153 1.0193
Sex ratio: 15–59 years: male(s)/female 1.0003 n.a. 0.9414 0.9379
Sex ratio: 60 years and over: male(s)/female 0.8169 0.80 n.a. 0.7933
Sex ratio: total population: male(s)/female 1.0002 0.9947 n.a. 0.9508
Potential support ratio: persons aged 15 to 64
per persons aged 65 or older 		17.47 17 n.a. 16.33
Infant mortality rate: deaths/1,000 live births 42.65 40 39 (2005) 15.4
Mortality under age 5: deaths/1,000 n.a. 55 49 (2005) 22
Life expectancy at birth total population: years 66.99 68 65.1 (2000–2005) 66.54
Life expectancy at birth male: years 64.61 64 61.9 (2000–2005) 63.13
Life expectancy at birth female: years 69.48 70 68.4 (2000–2005) 70.23
Total fertility rate: children born/woman 2.2517 1.9 2.1 (2000–2005) 2.3
Age specific fertility rate: ages 15–19 (per 1,000) 22.5 45 49.7 (2000–2005) 18.7
Urban population: % of total population n.a. 57 56.8 60.75
Gross secondary school enrolment ratio males: % n.a. 84 n.a. 92.1
Gross secondary school enrolment ratio females: % n.a. 95 n.a. 95.6
Contraceptive prevalence rate all methods: % of women aged 15 to 49
who are married or in union 		n.a. 67.4 n.a. n.a.
Contraceptive prevalence rate modern methods: % of women aged 15 to 49
who are married or in union 		n.a. 54.3 n.a. n.a.
Persons with disabilities: % of total population n.a. 3.5 n.a. n.a.
National poverty rate: % of total population n.a. 35.6 36.1 (2002) 32.2
Human development index: % of total population n.a. 0.691 n.a. 0.720
Population projected to 2025: person 3,725,352 3,112,000 n.a. n.a.
Population projected to 2050: person 4,340,496 3,388,000 n.a. n.a.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Date (2020-06-12). "Mongolia National Census 2020 Results" (PDF). National Statistical Office of Mongolia. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "CIA World Factbook". CIA. 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  3. ^ World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision
  4. ^ "Population". Mongolian Statistical Information Service. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  5. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  6. ^ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm
  7. ^ https://chojbalsan.ucoz.ru/publ/2-1-0-17
  8. ^ ""Chinese language fever" in Mongolia on the upswing". english.hanban.org. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  9. ^ "Монгол улсын ястангуудын тоо, байршилд гарч буй өөрчлөлтуудийн асуудалд" М.Баянтөр, Г.Нямдаваа, З.Баярмаа pp.57-70
  10. ^ Mongolia National Census 2010 Provision Results. National Statistical Office of Mongolia Archived September 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in Mongolian.)
  11. ^ In the 1956 National Census Darkhad were counted with Uriankhai
  12. ^ a b National Census 2010 Preliminary results Archived September 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in Mongolian)
  13. ^ For the 2000-2006 and 2000-2005 periods, respectively. UNICEF - At a glance: Mongolia, accessed June 15th, 2006
  14. ^ a b c d City Population - Historical population figures
  15. ^ Statistisches Bundesamt: Statistik des Auslands - Mongolei, 1985
  16. ^ Encyclopedia "Cartactual," published 01/01/85
  17. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-01-03. Retrieved 2010-03-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) National Statistical Office of Mongolia (accessed May 2, 2007)
  18. ^ (2000) PADCO: Mongolia Urban Development and Housing Sector Strategy, Final Report, Vol. 2, published 2005.
  19. ^ U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base - Mongolia Country Summary Archived October 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ United Nations World Population Prospects: The 2007 Revision
  21. ^ "United Nations ESCAP 2007 Statistical Yearbook". Archived from the original on 2017-01-05. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
  22. ^ Statistical Yearbook of Mongolia 2007, National Statistical Office, Ulaanbaatar, 2008
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