Acephate

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Acephate
Skeletal formula of acephate
Ball-and-stick model of the acephate molecule
Names
IUPAC name
N-(Methoxy-methylsulfanylphosphoryl)acetamide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.045.659 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C4H10NO3PS/c1-4(6)5-9(7,8-2)10-3/h1-3H3,(H,5,6,7) checkY
    Key: YASYVMFAVPKPKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C4H10NO3PS/c1-4(6)5-9(7,8-2)10-3/h1-3H3,(H,5,6,7)
    Key: YASYVMFAVPKPKE-UHFFFAOYAG
  • O=C(NP(=O)(OC)SC)C
Properties
C4H10NO3PS
Molar mass 183.16 g·mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
class="wikitable collapsible" style="min-width: 50em;"
GHS hazard pictograms[1]
Pictogram Code Symbol description Image link
GHS01: Explosive GHS01 {{GHS exploding bomb}} Image:GHS-pictogram-explos.svg Explosive
GHS02: Flammable GHS02 {{GHS flame}} Image:GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg
GHS03: Oxidizing GHS03 {{GHS flame over circle}} Image:GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg
GHS04: Compressed Gas GHS04 {{GHS gas cylinder}} Image:GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg
GHS05: Corrosive GHS05 {{GHS corrosion}} Image:GHS-pictogram-acid.svg Corrosive
GHS06: Toxic GHS06 {{GHS skull and crossbones}} Image:GHS-pictogram-skull.svg Accute Toxic
GHS07: Exclamation mark GHS07 {{GHS exclamation mark}} Image:GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg Irritant
GHS08: Health hazard GHS08 {{GHS health hazard}} Image:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg Health Hazard
GHS09: Environmental hazard GHS09 {{GHS environment}} Image:GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg Environment

See also


GHS hazard pictograms[1]
Pictogram Code Symbol description Image link
GHS01: Explosive GHS01 {{GHS exploding bomb}} Image:GHS-pictogram-explos.svg Explosive
GHS02: Flammable GHS02 {{GHS flame}} Image:GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg
GHS03: Oxidizing GHS03 {{GHS flame over circle}} Image:GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg
GHS04: Compressed Gas GHS04 {{GHS gas cylinder}} Image:GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg
GHS05: Corrosive GHS05 {{GHS corrosion}} Image:GHS-pictogram-acid.svg Corrosive
GHS06: Toxic GHS06 {{GHS skull and crossbones}} Image:GHS-pictogram-skull.svg Accute Toxic
GHS07: Exclamation mark GHS07 {{GHS exclamation mark}} Image:GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg Irritant
GHS08: Health hazard GHS08 {{GHS health hazard}} Image:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg Health Hazard
GHS09: Environmental hazard GHS09 {{GHS environment}} Image:GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg Environment

See also

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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Acephate is an organophosphate foliar insecticide of moderate persistence with residual systemic activity of about 10–15 days at the recommended use rate. It is used primarily for control of aphids, including resistant species, in vegetables (e.g. potatoes, carrots, greenhouse tomatoes, and lettuce) and in horticulture (e.g. on roses and greenhouse ornamentals). It also controls leaf miners, caterpillars, sawflies and thrips in the previously stated crops as well as turf, and forestry. By direct application to mounds, it is effective in destroying imported fire ants.

Acephate is sold as a soluble powder, as emulsifiable concentrates, as pressurized aerosol, and in tree injection systems and granular formulations.

Toxicology

It is considered non-phytotoxic on many crop plants. Acephate and its primary metabolite, methamidophos, are toxic to Heliothis spp. that are considered resistant to other organophosphate insecticides. Acephate emits toxic fumes of phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition. Symptoms of exposure to acephate include a slight irritation of eyes and skin.

The U.S. annually uses 4–5 million pounds of acephate. However, even in small quantities, acephate throws off the navigation systems of white-throated sparrows and other songbirds, making them unable to tell north from south.[3]

References

Template:Research help

  1. ^ a b "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals" (pdf). 2021. Annex 3: Codification of Statements and Pictograms (pp 268–385).
  2. ^ a b Sigma-Aldrich Co., Acephate. Retrieved on 2013-07-20.
  3. ^ Bridget Stutchbury (2007) Silence of the Songbirds, Walker & Company, ISBN 978-0-8027-1691-0
  • U.S. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs.
  • Extension Toxicology Network. Pesticide Information Profiles.
  • Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University, Oregon State University, the University of Idaho, and the University of California at Davis.
  • Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University.

External links

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