Batiniyya
Batiniyya (Arabic: باطنية, romanized: Bāṭiniyyah) refers to groups that distinguish between an outer, exoteric (zāhir) and an inner, esoteric (bāṭin) meaning in Islamic scriptures.[1] The term has been used in particular for an allegoristic type of scriptural interpretation developed among some Shia groups, stressing the bāṭin meaning of texts.[2] It has been retained by all branches of Isma'ilism and its Druze offshoots.[2] The Alawites practice a similar system of interpretation.[2] Sunni writers have subsequently used the term polemically in reference to rejection of the evident meaning of scripture in favor of its bāṭin meaning.[2] Al-Ghazali, a medieval Sunni theologian, used the term batiniyya pejoratively for the adherents of Isma'ilism.[2][3] Some Shia writers have also used the term polemically.[1] Besides, they'd[who?] called Hassan-i Sabbah and Nur al-Din Muhammad II as the head of the Hukumat-ee Malāāhedah-ee Bāṭiniyyah.[4][page needed]
See also
References
- ^ a b Halm, H. "BĀṬENĪYA". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
- ^ a b c d e Hodgson, M.G.S. "Bāṭiniyya". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Brill. pp. 1098–1099.
- ^ Mitha, Farouk (2001). Al-Ghazali and the Ismailis: A Debate on Reason and Authority in Medieval Islam. I.B.Tauris. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-86064-792-5.
- ^ Balcıoğlu, Tahir Harimî [in Turkish] (1940). Hilmi Ziya Ülken [in Turkish] (ed.). Türk tarihinde mezhep cereyanları (in Turkish). İstanbul: Kanaat Yayınları, Ahmed Sait tab'ı. Chapter on Alamut Batiniyya: (Baba İshâk, Şirâz’da Mûhy’id-Dîn’in derslerine devam ederken Şîʿa-i Bâtın’îyye’nin Elemût’taki Dâ’î Â’zamı “Hükümet-i Melâhide-i Bâtın’îyye Reisi Nûr’ûd-Dîn Muhammed Sâni” tarafından Anadolu Dâ’îliği’ne atandı.)
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