Ethnic group
Bouyei minority Shitou village, west Guizhou
A Bouyei woman in front of her house
The Bouyei (also spelled Puyi , Buyei and Buyi ; self called: Buxqyaix [puʔjai] , or "Puzhong", "Burao", "Puman"; Chinese : 布依族 ; Pinyin : Bùyīzú; Vietnamese : người Bố Y ) are an ethnic group living in southern mainland China. Numbering 2.5 million, they are the 11th largest of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China . Some Bouyei also live in Vietnam , where they are one of that nation's 54 officially recognized ethnic groups . Despite the Chinese considering them a separate group, they consider themselves Zhuang (Tai peoples ).[citation needed ]
The Bouyei live in semi-tropical, high-altitude forests of Guizhou province, as well as in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, and speak a Tai language .
Names
The Bouyei consist of various subgroups. Below are their autonyms written in the International Phonetic Alphabet with numerical Chao tones .[ 2]
pu42 ʔjɐi42 濮越
pu42 ʔji22 濮夷
pu42 noŋ31 布侬
pu42 loŋ31 补笼
pu42 na31 布那
pu42 tu42 布土、布都
pu42 ʔjaŋ33 布央
pu42 zoŋ31 xa35 布笼哈
Some clans within the Bouyei groups include:
pu42 wu42 布武
pu42 wei31 布韦
pu42 lo24 布鲁
In Congjiang County , Guizhou, there is a group that refer to themselves as "Buyeyi 布也益", but are officially classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Zhuang .[ 3]
Distribution
In China by county
County-level distribution of the Bouyei 2000 Chinese census
(Only includes counties or county-equivalents containing >0.1% of China's Bouyei population.)
Province
Prefecture
County
Bouyei Population
% of China's Bouyei Population
Guizhou
Qiannan Buyei and Miao
Dushan (独山县)
194,468
6.54 %
Guizhou
Qiannan Buyei and Miao
Duyun (都匀市)
190,347
6.41 %
Guizhou
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao
Wangmo (望谟县)
174,806
5.88 %
Guizhou
Qiannan Buyei and Miao
Luodian (罗甸县)
158,494
5.33 %
Guizhou
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao
Ceheng (册亨县)
158,019
5.32 %
Guizhou
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao
Anlong (安龙县)
139,930
4.71 %
Guizhou
Qiannan Buyei and Miao
Huishui (惠水县)
135,943
4.58 %
Guizhou
Anshun
Zhenning Buyei and Miao (镇宁布依族苗族自治县)
131,962
4.44 %
Guizhou
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao
Zhenfeng (贞丰县)
125,058
4.21 %
Guizhou
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao
Xingyi (兴义市)
124,901
4.2 %
Guizhou
Qiannan Buyei and Miao
Pingtang (平塘县)
107,473
3.62 %
Guizhou
Qiannan Buyei and Miao
Libo (荔波县)
93,681
3.15 %
Guizhou
Qiannan Buyei and Miao
Guiding (贵定县)
92,607
3.12 %
Guizhou
Anshun
Ziyun Miao and Buyei (紫云苗族布依族自治县)
86,513
2.91 %
Guizhou
Qiannan Buyei and Miao
Changshun (长顺县)
81,022
2.73 %
Guizhou
Anshun
Guanling Buyei and Miao (关岭布依族苗族自治县)
68,967
2.32 %
Guizhou
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao
Qinglong (晴隆县)
64,001
2.15 %
Guizhou
Anshun
Xixiu (西秀区)
62,497
2.1 %
Guizhou
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao
Xingren (兴仁县)
50,210
1.69 %
Guizhou
Qiannan Buyei and Miao
Sandu Shui (三都水族自治县)
49,877
1.68 %
Guizhou
Guiyang
Huaxi (花溪区)
41,446
1.4 %
Guizhou
Liupanshui
Shuicheng (水城县)
41,255
1.39 %
Guizhou
Liupanshui
Liuzhi (六枝特区)
35,772
1.2 %
Guizhou
Qiannan Buyei and Miao
Longli (龙里县)
34,259
1.15 %
Guizhou
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong
Majiang (麻江县)
33,958
1.14 %
Guizhou
Anshun
Pingba (平坝县)
29,452
0.99 %
Yunnan
Qujing
Luoping (罗平县)
25,152
0.85 %
Guizhou
Guiyang
Qingzhen (清镇市)
25,017
0.84 %
Guizhou
Qianxinan Buyei and Miao
Pu'an (普安县)
23,639
0.8 %
Guizhou
Guiyang
Wudang (乌当区)
23,597
0.79 %
Guizhou
Guiyang
Kaiyang (开阳县)
22,611
0.76 %
Guizhou
Guiyang
Nanming (南明区)
20,608
0.69 %
Guizhou
Qiannan Buyei and Miao
Fuquan (福泉市)
19,520
0.66 %
Guizhou
Bijie
Qianxi (黔西县)
17,447
0.59 %
Guizhou
Liupanshui
Pan (盘县)
16,072
0.54 %
Guizhou
Guiyang
Baiyun (白云区)
15,116
0.51 %
Guizhou
Anshun
Puding (普定县)
15,083
0.51 %
Guizhou
Bijie
Zhijin (织金县)
14,512
0.49 %
Guizhou
Guiyang
Yunyan (云岩区)
14,293
0.48 %
Guizhou
Guiyang
Xiaohe (小河区)
12,138
0.41 %
Guizhou
Bijie
Weining Yi, Hui, and Miao (威宁彝族回族苗族自治县)
7,484
0.25 %
Guizhou
Bijie
Nayong (纳雍县)
7,222
0.24 %
Guangxi
Hechi
Nandan (南丹县)
6,822
0.23 %
Guizhou
Guiyang
Xiuwen (修文县)
6,397
0.22 %
Yunnan
Wenshan Zhuang and Miao
Maguan (马关县)
6,085
0.21 %
Guangdong
Dongguan
none
5,584
0.19 %
Guizhou
Bijie
Dafang (大方县)
5,294
0.18 %
Guizhou
Liupanshui
Zhongshan (钟山区)
4,075
0.14 %
Guizhou
Bijie
Jinsha (金沙县)
3,804
0.13 %
Yunnan
Kunming
Guandu (官渡区)
3,582
0.12 %
Yunnan
Zhaotong
Qiaojia (巧家县)
3,063
0.1 %
Guizhou
Bijie
Hezhang (赫章县)
2,773
0.09 %
Guizhou
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong
Kaili (凯里市)
2,573
0.09 %
Sichuan
Liangshan Yi
Ningnan (宁南县)
2,353
0.08 %
Yunnan
Honghe Hani and Yi
Hekou Yao (河口瑶族自治县)
2,190
0.07 %
Zhejiang
Ningbo
Cixi (慈溪市)
2,155
0.07 %
Guizhou
Guiyang
Xifeng (息烽县)
1,846
0.06 %
Guangxi
Hechi
Huanjiang Maonan (环江毛南族自治县)
1,833
0.06 %
Guangdong
Foshan
Shunde (顺德区)
1,796
0.06 %
Guangdong
Shenzhen
Bao'an (宝安区)
1,777
0.06 %
Guangdong
Shenzhen
Longgang (龙岗区)
1,745
0.06 %
Yunnan
Kunming
Xishan (西山区)
1,668
0.06 %
Sichuan
Liangshan Yi
Huidong County, Sichuan (会东县)
1,534
0.05 %
Zhejiang
Jinhua
Yongkang (永康市)
1,363
0.05 %
Guizhou
Zunyi
Honghuagang (红花岗区)
1,323
0.05 %
Guangdong
Huizhou
Huiyang (惠阳区)
1,227
0.04 %
Zhejiang
Jinhua
Dongyang (东阳市)
1,222
0.04 %
Yunnan
Kunming
Dongchuan (东川区)
1,150
0.04 %
Yunnan
Qujing
Fuyuan (富源县)
1,097
0.04 %
Zhejiang
Ningbo
Yuyao (余姚市)
1,059
0.04 %
Guizhou
Qiannan Buyei and Miao
Weng'an (瓮安县)
1,019
0.03 %
Guangxi
Hechi
Tian'e (天峨县)
1,017
0.03 %
Sichuan
Liangshan Yi
Mili Tibetan (木里藏族自治县)
988
0.03 %
Guangdong
Huizhou
Boluo (博罗县)
983
0.03 %
Guizhou
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong
Rongjiang (榕江县)
981
0.03 %
Zhejiang
Quzhou
Jiangshan (江山市)
854
0.03 %
Zhejiang
Jinhua
Yiwu (义乌市)
846
0.03 %
Jiangsu
Wuxi
Yixing (宜兴市)
820
0.03 %
Zhejiang
Huzhou
Changxing (长兴县)
797
0.03 %
Yunnan
Yuxi
Hongta (红塔区)
790
0.03 %
Guizhou
Bijie
Qixingguan (七星关区)
789
0.03 %
Zhejiang
Shaoxing
Shangyu (上虞市)
785
0.03 %
Guizhou
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong
Danzhai (丹寨县)
778
0.03 %
Zhejiang
Taizhou
Wenling (温岭市)
760
0.03 %
Guangdong
Foshan
Nanhai (南海区)
737
0.03 %
Guangdong
Guangzhou
Baiyun (白云区)
641
0.02 %
Guangdong
Guangzhou
Panyu (番禺区)
638
0.02 %
Zhejiang
Hangzhou
Fuyang (富阳市)
632
0.02 %
Fujian
Quanzhou
Jinjiang (晋江市)
596
0.02 %
Yunnan
Xishuangbanna Dai
Mengla (勐腊县)
596
0.02 %
Zhejiang
Wenzhou
Rui'an (瑞安市)
594
0.02 %
Yunnan
Qujing
Qilin (麒麟区)
589
0.02 %
Guangdong
Zhongshan
none
585
0.02 %
Guizhou
Zunyi
Renhuai (仁怀市)
575
0.02 %
Zhejiang
Jinhua
Pujiang (浦江县)
548
0.02 %
Guangxi
Bose
Tianlin (田林县)
538
0.02 %
Zhejiang
Wenzhou
Ouhai (瓯海区)
506
0.02 %
Guangxi
Yulin
Rong (容县)
506
0.02 %
Guangxi
Hechi
Jinchengjiang (金城江区)
501
0.02 %
Yunnan
Honghe Hani and Yi
Gejiu (个旧市)
501
0.02 %
Zhejiang
Shaoxing
Shaoxing (绍兴县)
498
0.02 %
Yunnan
Kunming
Wuhua (五华区)
483
0.02 %
Guizhou
Zunyi
Zunyi (遵义县)
465
0.02 %
Zhejiang
Wenzhou
Yueqing (乐清市)
453
0.02 %
Jiangsu
Changzhou
Liyang (溧阳市)
440
0.02 %
Guangxi
Bose
Leye (乐业县)
439
0.01 %
Guangxi
Yulin
Xingye (兴业县)
423
0.01 %
Hebei
Tangshan
Luannan (滦南县)
416
0.01 %
Guangxi
Bose
Xilin (西林县)
410
0.01 %
Guangxi
Yulin
Yuzhou (玉州区)
400
0.01 %
Guangdong
Chaozhou
Xiangqiao (湘桥区)
398
0.01 %
Guangdong
Maoming
Gaozhou (高州市)
397
0.01 %
Zhejiang
Ningbo
Yinzhou (鄞州区)
395
0.01 %
Yunnan
Kunming
Anning (安宁市)
391
0.01 %
Guangxi
Liuzhou
Liunan (柳南区)
389
0.01 %
Zhejiang
Hangzhou
Xiaoshan (萧山区)
388
0.01 %
Fujian
Zhangzhou
Longhai (龙海市)
382
0.01 %
Guangdong
Maoming
Dianbai (电白县)
381
0.01 %
Guizhou
Tongren
Shiqian (石阡县)
376
0.01 %
Zhejiang
Shaoxing
Zhuji (诸暨市)
373
0.01 %
Hebei
Tangshan
Qian'an (迁安市)
351
0.01 %
Beijing
none
Haidian (海淀区)
348
0.01 %
Yunnan
Kunming
Panlong (盘龙区)
347
0.01 %
Guizhou
Tongren
Bijiang (碧江区)
338
0.01 %
Guizhou
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong
Liping (黎平县)
337
0.01 %
Zhejiang
Hangzhou
Yuhang (余杭区)
336
0.01 %
Guizhou
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong
Congjiang (从江县)
336
0.01 %
Hebei
Baoding
Yi (易县)
334
0.01 %
Guangxi
Guigang
Gangbei (港北区)
331
0.01 %
Zhejiang
Jinhua
Lanxi (兰溪市)
330
0.01 %
Guizhou
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong
Huangping (黄平县)
329
0.01 %
Jiangsu
Wuxi
Jiangyin (江阴市)
312
0.01 %
Guangxi
Bose
Longlin (隆林各族自治县)
305
0.01 %
Guangdong
Shenzhen
Nanshan (南山区)
301
0.01 %
Other
73.219
2,46 %
In Vietnam
Province-level distribution of the Bố Y
Lao Cai 1,398,
Ha Giang 808,
TOTAL 2,273
[Source: 2009 Census]
Language
The Bouyei speak the Bouyei language , which is very close to Standard Zhuang language. There is a dialect continuum between these two. The Bouyei language has its own written form which was created by linguists in the 1950s based on the Latin alphabet and with spelling conventions similar for the Pinyin system that had been devised to romanise Mandarin Chinese .
History
The Bouyei are the native Tai peoples of the plains of Guizhou. They are one of the oldest peoples of China, living in the area for more than 2,000 years.
Prior to the establishment of the Tang dynasty , the Bouyei and Zhuang were linked together; the differences between both ethnic groups grew greater and from year 900 already they were two different groups.
The Qing dynasty abolished the system of local heads and commanded in its place to officials of the army which caused a change in the local economy; from then on, the land was in the hands of a few landowners, which caused the population to revolt. During the Nanlong Rebellion of 1797, the Bouyei underwent a strong repression that caused many of them to emigrate to faraway Vietnam .
See also
References
^ "The 2009 Vietnam Population and Housing Census: Completed Results" . General Statistics Office of Vietnam: Central Population and Housing Census Steering Committee. June 2010. p. 135. Retrieved 26 November 2013 .
^ Guizhou Province Gazetteer: Ethnic Gazetteer [贵州省志. 民族志] (2002). Guiyang: Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House [貴州民族出版社].
^ 贵州"六山六水"民族调查资料选编. 回族, 白族, 瑤族, 壮族, 畲族, 毛南族, 仫佬族, 满族, 羌族卷 (2008:291). 贵州民族出版社.
Yù Cuìróng 喻翠容: Bùyīyǔ jiǎnzhì 布依语简志 (Introduction to the Buyi language ; Beijing, Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社 1980).
Wú Qǐlù 吴启禄: Bùyī-Hàn cídiǎn 布依汉词典 (Bouyei–Chinese dictionary ; Beijing, Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社 2002), ISBN 7-105-04965-0.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Buyei .