Jump to content

Groupe Casino

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Casino (supermarket))

Casino Guichard-Perrachon S.A.
Company typePublic company
Euronext Paris: CO
CAC Mid 60 Component
IndustryMass retail
Founded1898; 126 years ago (1898)
FounderGeoffroy Guichard
Headquarters
Saint-Étienne
,
France
Key people
Jean-Charles Naouri
Revenue
Decrease €31.05 billion (2021)[1]
  • Decrease €14.41 billion (France)
  • Decrease €14.61 billion (Latam)
  • Decrease €2.03 billion (E-commerce)
Positive decrease €-656 million (2021)[1]
Positive decrease €-397 million (2021)[1]
Total assetsIncrease €30.53 billion (2021)[1]
Total equityDecrease €5.64 billion (2021)[1]
Number of employees
Decrease 196,307 employees worldwide (2021)[1]
Subsidiaries
List
Websitewww.groupe-casino.fr Edit this at Wikidata
Footnotes / references
[1]

Casino Group or Casino Guichard-Perrachon is a French mass-market retail group. It was founded on 2 August 1898 by Geoffroy Guichard under the corporate name Guichard-Perrachon & Co.[2]

Casino Group is the source of many innovations, such as the first distributor's brand in 1901,[3] the first self-service store in 1948,[4] or even the display of a sell-by date on consumer products in 1959.

As a historical player in mass-market retail in France, the group also started to grow internationally at the end of the 90s. It acquired GPA and Grupo Éxito in 1999, major companies in mass-market retail in Brazil and in Colombia.[5][6]

Casino Group operates across all food and non-food formats: hypermarkets, supermarkets, convenience stores, discount stores, and wholesale stores. Other than the eponymous "Géant Casino" and "Casino Supermarchés", Casino Group owns other brands such as Monoprix, Franprix, Leader Price, Cdiscount, Vival, Spar, Sherpa, and Le Petit Casino.

As of 2017 Casino Group, managed by Jean-Charles Naouri, was quoted on the Paris Stock Exchange and had total revenue of €37.8 billion.[7] As of November 2021, the group has a market capitalization of approximately €2.35 billion.[8]

From 2024 a consortium lead by Daniel Kretinsky will own and control 53.7% of Casino's share capital.[9]

History

[edit]

Casino's genesis (1892–1898)

[edit]
The first store in Saint-Etienne, 1898

Geoffroy Guichard was born on 27 July 1867 in Feurs, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. His parents were the owners of a retail grocery business in Saint-Étienne. In 1889, he married Antonia Perrachon and became a partner with Paul Perrachon, his cousin-in-law, who had been the owner of a shop in the region for around ten years. Geoffroy Guichard became the sole business owner in 1892.[10] The store, located rue des Jardins, was originally the Lyrical Casino of Saint-Étienne. Closed in the 1850s,[11] the Lyrical Casino was transformed into a retail grocery store in the 1860s. Geoffroy Guichard grew the grocery store to turn it into a general food store, based on the Felix Potin model. In April 1898, due to the success of the concept, Geoffroy Guichard opened the first branch in Veauche, in Loire.[12]

The beginnings of Casino (1898–1904)

[edit]
A Casino feed store, 1900

On 2 August 1898, Geoffroy Guichard founded with his father-in-law « la Société des Magasins du Casino » and « Établissements économiques d’alimentation under the corporate name Guichard-Perrachon & Co. In total, 77 people subscribed to the capital of the new company. The Guichard spouses owned 35% of the company's capital (limited by shares). As from 1898, warehouses and factories were built in Saint-Étienne. Damaged by a fire in 1900, they were rebuilt reaching a total surface of 16 000 m². In the factories, Casino baked bread, produced oil and chocolate, roasted coffee, distilled and produced homemade liquors. An important wine business was also developed. Nearly 40 branches were opened in 1899. In September 1904, the 100th branch was opened in Lamastre in Ardèche and in July 1905, the 21st concession.[13]

The development of social action (1904–1923)

[edit]

In the first quarter of the 20th century, the company developed a social action plan dedicated to its employees, with, in 1904, the launch of an insurance fund, the creation of a health service in 1905, benefits for large families and a birth premium in 1910 or even child benefits and profit sharing for all employees as from 1916.[14] In 1912, Casino created the Sports branch Casino employees’ Social Club, a sports organization in accordance with its sports corporatism policy.[15] The Social club opened its football section in July 1919 alongside other disciplines such as athletics or basketball. More commonly referred to as AS Casino, the Social club became "l’Association Sportive Stéphanoise" in 1927 then "l’Association Sportive de Saint-Étienne" in 1933. In 1923, in celebration of its 25th anniversary, Casino put in place a pension fund which ensured the security of employees leaving the company. The Casino share was quoted on the Stock Exchange as from 1910.

Industrial development after WWI (1920–1940)

[edit]

As from 1920, Casino continued to grow by creating factories and warehouses. In 1929, the company counted nearly 1000 branches and over 500 outlets. At that time, Casino was present across 28 districts. In 1923, Geoffroy Guichard became administrator of « L’Épargne de Toulouse », which had similar operations to Casino's with around 300 branches located in the South-West of France. Geoffroy Guichard took permanent control of the company in 1925.[16] Geoffroy Guichard announced the transfer of the company to his children during the general meeting of October 1929. At that time, Casino counted around 2000 employees. After the death of Geoffroy Guichard in May 1940, Mario Guichard became President of the executive board. He was surrounded by his brothers Jean, Georges, Paul et Pierre Guichard, and his brother-in-law François Kemlin.

In June 1941, François Kemlin created a network of clandestine activities. It benefited from important material resources made available by the company. These actions ranged from making packages/parcels and sending letters to creating files to enable the escape of War prisoners.[17] Bombings during the War damaged many factories, warehouses and offices. Some even had to close down.

The Great innovations (1940–1950)

[edit]

In 1947, Pierre Guichard took a trip to North America to observe growing trends. He discovered the self-service store concept. A year later, Casino opened its first self-service store in Saint-Étienne.[18] Over a period of 10 years, 500 branches adopted this new sales principle. In 1950, one of the first cooling systems was put in place in distribution.[19] There again, it was a type of innovation observed in the US. Gradually, warehouses were equipped with cooling chambers and refrigerated coolers. In 1959, Casino was the first distributor to display a sell-by date on its products.[20] This was made compulsory in December 1984 with the use-by date. Already in 1928, the Group had put in place "calendar displays" on product packaging, as a quality guarantee.

The development of new formats (1950–1990)

[edit]

In 1957, Casino opened its first supermarket in Nice, under the brand Nica. The store, which was totally self-service, offered both food and non-food products. The first supermarket with the Casino name opened in May 1960 in Grenoble.[19] A few months later, four new stores opened in Nice, Saint-Étienne, Firminy and Lyon. The first two Paris supermarkets opened in 1970 in Saint-Denis and Bagneux.[21] In March 1970, the first Géant Casino hypermarket opened its doors in Marseille.[21] It was then the biggest store in France with a surface of 16000 m2. The shopping mall was made of 41 independent businesses and a Casino cafeteria. The SOMABRI company (SOciété des Magasins de BRIcolage/the company of DIY stores) was created in 1978 to enable Casino Group to be present on the DIY market. It opened its first two stores in 1978 in Toulouse Fenouillet and in Clermont le Brézet. Casino transferred its majority ownership to Castorama in October 1989.[22][23]

The Internationalization of Casino Group (1976–1999)

[edit]

In 1976, the internationalization of Casino Group started in the United States with the creation of Casino USA to operate French cafeterias in the USA. Restaurants were opened in Phoenix, Arizona, then in Beverly Hills, Santa Monica, Westwood Village, Costa Mesa, and Seattle in California. Many convenience businesses also opened their doors under the name Le Petit Casino. The Group took over the chain Thriftymart Inc stores which then became Smart & Final Iris.[24] Back then, the company owned around 90 retail outlets, all self-service, and implanted mainly in California. The internationalization of Casino Group then accelerated until the end of the 1990s with its development across South America. In March 1996, Casino Group signed a partnership agreement with Dairy Farm International, one of the biggest groups of supermarkets in Asia.[25] A joint company was then created for the development of hypermarkets in the Asian South-East and particularly in Taïwan where a first hypermarket opened in 1998. In 1999, Casino Group bought into the capital of Distribution Groups GPA and Grupo Éxito in Brazil and in Colombia.[26][27]

The Merger between Casino Group and Rallye Group (1985–1991)

[edit]

In April 1985, Casino Group purchased the Company Cedis of Besançon, which helped the Group develop in the East of France.[28] In April 1990, Casino took over the Compagnie Française d’Afrique Occidentale, La Ruche Méridionale d’Agen and SODIM and strengthened its implantation in the South of France.[29] In October 1992, Casino Group, then managed by Antoine Guichard (grandson of Geoffroy Guichard), merged with the Rallye Group owned by Jean-Charles Naouri.[30] Rallye brought Casino all of its distribution and catering activities. The Group was then present all over the French territory. At the end of this operation, Rallye owned 29% of the total capital of Casino Group. Antoine Guichard, the last family manager of Casino Group, did not want to give up the presidency of the company. The Rallye company was founded in 1945 by Jean Cam.[31] Threatened by serious cash flow problems, it was bought back in 1991 by Jean-Charles Naouri and his investment company, Euris.[32]

Growth in France: affiliates and partnerships (1992–1997)

[edit]
A Franprix front-of-store
In 1992, Groupe Casino merged with Groupe Rallye, owned by Jean-Charles Naouri.

To increase its presence in France, Casino Group continued its wave of acquisitions by signing many agreements with national distributors. Corse Distribution Group became affiliated with Casino in 1992. Many hypermarkets and supermarkets then became Casino stores. Between 1995 and 1996, Casino took majority ownership in the different companies of Corse Distribution, enabling the development of many new franchise names. In December 1996, Casino Group and Monoprix, branch of Galeries Lafayette, signed a partnership agreement for purchasing and logistics. Less than a year later, Casino supported Monoprix financially in the total acquisition of Prisunic's capital and became therefore, shareholder at 21.6% of the capital of this new Group.[33] In September 1997, Casino Group took majority ownership in the Franprix and Leader Price brands and their network of 650 stores.[34]

Major changes in Casino Group's shareholding (1997–1998)

[edit]

In 1997, after many months of stock-market battle, Jean-Charles Naouri, the Guichard family and employees of the Group rejected a hostile tender offer made by the Promodès distributor. Following a counter-bid, Jean-Charles Naouri became the majority shareholder of Casino Group in 1998.[35]

Acceleration of the investment strategy (1999–2014)

[edit]
GPA Headquarter in Brasil
Exito store in Caracas

Under the aegis of Jean-Charles Naouri, Casino Group developed its assets in France and internationally. In March 1997, Casino Group signed an affiliate agreement with the Uruguayan Brand Disco for the construction of a Géant Casino in Montevideo. The store opened its doors in 1999.[36] In February 1998, Casino Group took over the Argentine Group Libertad operating 7 hypermarkets across the country.[37] Libertad was then the third company of hypermarkets in Argentine. In 1999, Casino subscribed to the capital of leading distribution companies in their respective countries, GPA in Brazil and Grupo Éxito in Colombia.[26] After having strengthened its position in 2005, Casino Group became in July 2012 the sole controlling shareholder of GPA, no 1 in distribution and no 2 in e-business in Brazil. In 2000, Casino Group acquired Monoprix (50% of it), Franprix, Leader Price and Cdiscount. Activities grew again with the creation of Banque Casino in 2001 as well as property management company Mercialys, managing all the shopping malls owned by Casino. These assets represented 150 shopping malls on hypermarket and supermarket sites, as well as the premises of cafeterias owned by the Group.[38]

In 2005, Jean-Charles Naouri was appointed CEO of Casino Group. Casino inaugurated its new Head Office in Saint-Étienne, its historical stronghold, in 2007. In the same year, the Group created GreenYellow, its energy-specialised branch.[39] Its first photovoltaic plant was connected to the electric network in 2010. In that year, Casino Group continued its growth in Asia by acquiring Thai participations in the Carrefour Group with its Big C branch. In 2011, the Charle brothers sold their shares in the Cdiscount capital. Casino then held 99.6% of shares.[40] In the same year, Casino Group and La Poste signed a partnership agreement. With a length of 5 years, it aimed at creating convenience food businesses in available premises, next to Post offices, in villages of under 12,000 inhabitants.[41] In July 2012, the Group acquired 50% of shares held by Galeries Lafayette Group in Monoprix.[42] Jean-Charles Naouri was named CEO by the Board of Directors of the Brand. The Group purchased the majority of Le Mutant stores and renamed them "Leader Price".[43] In parallel, the Group reduced its shares in Mercialys, by around 40.2%. On 8 October 2014, the Group and Intermarché announced an agreement as regards purchases for big brand products in France. This agreement meant that the 2 Groups were purchasing leaders in France with a market share of 25.8%.[44]

Activity refocusing (since 2015)

[edit]

In February 2016, the Group announced the sale of 59% of its shares in its Big C Thai activities for 3.1 billion Euros. In April, the company announced the sale of Big C Vietnam to Central Group for 1 Billion dollars.[45] In December 2017, Casino Group signed an agreement with Ocado to develop a technological platform with an automated warehouse in France.[46] Announced a business partnership aiming at selling Monoprix food products to Amazon Prime Now customers.[citation needed]

On 23 May 2019, Casino's parent company Rallye S.A., declared bankruptcy protection in an effort to maintain its high debt costs. Casino later announced that same day that they are not involved in the bankruptcy and it will not affect its operations and employees.[47]

In 2023, Casino announced that they have completed a deal to avoid bankruptcy. This restructuring procedure would allow for the company to cut high debt and improve recent losses to other rival supermarket corporations.[48] In 2024, Casino USA filed for Chapter 15 bankruptcy.[49]

Activities of the Group

[edit]
A Geant Casino hypermarket

Unlike its main French competitors, Casino Group made the bet of developing a multi-brand strategy in the 1990s under the management of Jean-Charles Naouri. Therefore, aside from its eponymous brands Casino Supermarkets and Géant Casino, the Group developed Monoprix, Franprix or even Leader Price in France,[50] but also Pao de Açúcar[51] and Extra in Brazil or even Exito and Carulla in Colombia.[52][53]

In France

[edit]

Firstly, Casino oriented its multi-format and multi-brand structure towards the development of convenience and discount stores. The model developed by Casino is founded on the network of brands with differentiated and complementary positioning. In Metropolitan France, the Group operates the brands Géant Casino (hypermarkets), Casino Supermarkets, Monoprix, Franprix, Leader Price, Spar, Vival, Le Petit Casino, Casino Restauration. In Réunion Island, the brands are mainly Score and Jumbo Score.

Internationally

[edit]
Casino international presence

The Group directs its development towards countries with a strong growth and profitability potential, where its branches have strong local roots. South America has therefore become its priority area for development.[54]

The Group is leader on the market in Latin America,[55] and more particularly in Brazil[56] and in Colombia.[57][58]

E-business

[edit]

Casino Group concentrates its e-business activity within the company Cnova, created in June 2014.[59]

Cdiscount, branch of Casino Group, became over a few years a major e-business actor over the Internet in France.[60]

In November 2023, Casino Group acquired a 34% stake in Cnova for €10 million.[61] Stakes in the company increased to 98.8% following the deal.

Real estate

[edit]

The real estate activity of Casino Group is driven in France by l’Immobilière Casino (which owns the walls of its stores) and its old brand Mercialys.[62]

Sponsorship

[edit]

Casino Group created a Company Foundation which supports childhood development by fighting against the cultural exclusion of the under-privileged. The Casino Corporate Foundation contributes to their education by funding theatre projects.[63]

Founded in 2009, the Casino Foundation complements the other foundations of Casino Group present in France and in Latin America: the Exito Foundation in Colombia created in 1985, mainly engaged against child malnutrition,[64] the GPA Institute which fosters youth education and their professional insertion[65] and the Monoprix Foundation which fights against isolation in cities.[65][66][67]

Casino and the world of sport

[edit]

Casino and sport association

[edit]
Scene of game between the Olympique de Marseille and the AS Saint-Etienne in 1938.

Casino Group is the origin of the AS Saint-Étienne football Club, which was created in 1919. The Sports Social Club of Saint-Étienne was born more precisely as a sports section of the «Employees' Social Club of the Casino store company,» the organization created in 1912 by Casino to support its sports corporatism policy. The Social Club logically takes on board the green color of the grocery chain.[68][69]

A few months after the creation of the French Football Association-Federation (FFAF), the Social Club, more commonly named « AS Casino » (ASC), opened its football section in 1919, as well as other disciplines such as athletics and basketball. On 29 March 1920, under the initiative of Albert Jacquet, general secretary of the company, AS Casino became « the Social Sports Club » to respect the rules adopted by the Federation prohibiting the use of brands in the names of clubs, as well as keeping the initials. The club was then reserved for Casino employees, and the training center was located on the « Pont de l'âne » field, the property of the Group.

Seven years later, under the initiative of Pierre Guichard, son of Geoffroy Guichard who had become president of the club after MM. Godot and Jean Moulin, the Social Sports Club merged with the University Forez Stadium within the « Stéphanoise Sports Association » (SSA), which kept of course the green colour of the ASC.[70]

In 1930, the French Federation voted for the adoption of professionalism in France. It became necessary for the SSA, whose managers were ambitious, to have its own stadium. The founder of Casino Group purchased a large field and gave it to the club. A membership offered to « friends » of the club helped gather the necessary funds to build the first facilities, later named Stade Geoffroy-Guichard.[71]

Cyclism

[edit]

In 1996, Casino Group became the main sponsor of the Chazal cycling team (currently AG2R Citroën Team). The team, therefore, took the name « Petit Casino – C'est votre équipe ».[72] In the following year, Casino increased its funding and AG2R Provident Insurance became the second sponsor. The team doubled its budget, which went to 25 million Francs, and took the name "Casino-AG2R Prévoyance" from 1997 to 1999.

Casino's commitment finished at the end of the 1999 season. Over 3 years, the team also won 3 stages of the Tour de France, one stage of the Tour of Spain, 3 major classics and many national championships.[73] It counted athletes such as Alexandre Vinokourov, Benoît Salmon or even Jaan Kirsipuu. The Casino Green is the traditional colour of Casino Group. It was the colour of the blinds in the former lyrical Casino, which was situated rue des Jardins in Saint-Etienne.

Shareholding

[edit]

Jean-Charles Naouri was the majority shareholder of Casino Group since 1992 via his Rallye SA company.[74]

From 2024 a consortium lead by Daniel Kretinsky will own and control 53.7% of Casino's share capital.[9]

Brands

[edit]
France

Groupe Casino's brands a range of retail formats:

  • Casino Supermarchés, a supermarket chain
  • Monoprix, a city-centre variety chain selling food, personal and beauty care products, household products and apparel
  • Franprix, a city convenience store chain
  • Superettes:
    • Petit Casino
    • Casino Shop
    • Casino Shopping
    • SPAR
    • Vival
  • Hypermarkets
    • Hyper Casino: Small hypermarkets chain.
    • Géant Casino: Hypermarket chain. Brand created in 1970, it is doomed to disappear in favour of Casino Supermarchés and Casino #hyperFrais.[75]
    • Casino #hyperFrais: Brand created in 2022 to replace Géant Casino.[76][77]
  • Online stores
  • Property management
    • GreenYellow

In the world

Financial highlights

[edit]
Key figures in € millions
Years 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Net business volume 36,144 36,842 42,777 50,930 52,342
Net sales 28,704 26,757 29,078 34,361 41,971 48,645 48,493 46,145 36,030 37,822
Trading profit 1,266 1,209 1,300 1,548 2,002 2,624 2,231 1,446 1,034 1,242
Equity 7,124 7,037 7,916 9,383 15,201 15,426 15,608
Debt 4,851 4,072 3,845 5,379 5,451 5,416 5,822 6,073 3,367 4,126

Net business volume includes all revenue from consolidated companies, associates and franchisees, on a 100% basis.

Share information

[edit]

ISIN: FR0000125585

  • Par value: €1.53 per share
  • Majority shareholders at end-2012 (voting rights): Free float: 38.6%; Groupe Rallye 59.3%; employees 2.1%.
Share data as at 1 January
Years 2011 2012 2013
Share outstanding (in million) 110.6 112.7 113.1
Market capitalisation (in € million) 7,200 8,100 9,500
Daily trading volume (in thousands of shares) 554 662 628

Controversies

[edit]

Kepler Cheuvreux

[edit]

In August 2020, following anonymous threats and intimidations in Germany, the analyst stock, responsible for monitoring food retail trade from Kepler Cheuvreux, was forced to stop following Casino group and the German distribution brand Metro. The analyst had advised Kepler Cheuvreux's client investors to "hold" Metro's stock and to "reduce" their positions on Casino. Both groups have the Czech billionaire Daniel Kretinsky as a minority shareholder. He, along with the Casino group, condemned the threats addressed to the analyst. Neither Kepler Cheuvreux nor the analyst have commented on this matter. An investigation is currently underway by the German police, while the Financial Markets Authority (AMF) has declared to "regret" this situation. The financial watchdog also indicated having informed the public prosecutor.[78]

Duty of Vigilance Law

[edit]

In March 2020, eleven NGOs filed a lawsuit against the Casino group in French courts[79] due to its sales in South America of products based on beef, allegedly from farms linked to illegal deforestation in the Amazon.[80][81] The NGOs claim to base their case on the duty of vigilance law.[82][83][84][85][86]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Financial Report 2021" (PDF). Groupe Casino IR. 1 March 2022. pp. 20, 21, 22, 49, 68, 106. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  2. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (24 October 2013). "55 ans du supermarché: Les dates clés". www.lsa-conso.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  3. ^ "Casino : la petite épicerie de famille devenue Géant". Le Figaro (in French). 2007. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  4. ^ "Le premier Casino devenu cafétéria". www.archives.saint-etienne.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  5. ^ "Casino sera le seul actionnaire de contrôle du brésilien GPA". www.nouvelobs.com (in French). 22 March 2012. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  6. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (25 August 2011). "EXITO, l'allié à succès de Casino en Amérique latine". www.lsa-conso.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  7. ^ "CHIFFRE D'AFFAIRES 2017" (PDF). www.groupe-casino.fr (in French). 17 January 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  8. ^ "Euronext CASINO GUICHARD". Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  9. ^ a b https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/paris-court-gives-green-light-kretinsky-led-bailout-plan-casino-consortium-2024-02-26/ [bare URL]
  10. ^ "Casino: la retraite de " Monsieur Antoine " L'histoire d'un fils de famille qui a révolutionné la maison". Les Echos. 6 September 1996. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  11. ^ "Casino : la petite épicerie de famille devenue Géant". Le Figaro. 14 October 2017. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  12. ^ "La première succursale de " Casino " est veauchoise". Le Progrès. 15 August 2015. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  13. ^ "Biographie : Geoffroy Guichard". L'internaute. 6 February 2019. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  14. ^ "Annuaire des professionnels : Geoffroy Guichard". LSA Conso. 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  15. ^ "#ASSERétro C'était le 26 juin... 1933". ASSE. 26 June 2018. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  16. ^ Dioux, Jacques (2003). Vendre à la grande distribution. France Agricole Editions. ISBN 9782914753104. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2020. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  17. ^ "Guy KEMLIN – Souvenirs 1939–1945" (PDF). X Resistance Polytechnique. 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  18. ^ "Le premier Casino devenu cafétéria". Archives Saint-Etienne. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  19. ^ a b Conso, L. S. A. (24 October 2013). "55 ans du supermarché: Les dates clés". LSA Conso. Archived from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  20. ^ "Casino dirigé par Jean Charles Naouri un acteur historique de la distribution alimentaire en France". CGPME Paris IDF.[permanent dead link]
  21. ^ a b "Géant Casino". LSA. Archived from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  22. ^ "Casino Guichard-Perrachon S.A. History". Funding Universe. Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
  23. ^ Bury, Didier (1987). "Le " grand " commerce de détail en France de 1972 à 1986". Économie & Prévision. 79 (3): 3–49. doi:10.3406/ecop.1987.4985. Archived from the original on 4 June 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  24. ^ "Casino Guichard Perrachon". Company Histories. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  25. ^ "Le groupe Casino accélère à l'international et débarque à Taiwan". Les Echos. 8 March 1996. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  26. ^ a b "Casino sera le seul actionnaire de contrôle du brésilien GPA". Nouvel Obs. 22 March 2012. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  27. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (25 August 2011). "EXITO, l'allié à succès de Casino en Amérique latine". LSA. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  28. ^ "Cedis". Histoire du commerce. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  29. ^ "L'histoire d'une ville racontée en images d'époque". Petit Bleu. 6 March 2018. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  30. ^ "Une caisse noire dans l'héritage de RallyeL'ancien propriétaire avait constitué une cagnotte de 20 millions aux Bahamas". Libération. 8 March 2018. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  31. ^ "Les actionnaires de Rallye votent la révocation d'Albert Cam". Les Echos. 6 August 1992. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  32. ^ "Jean-Charles Naouri". LSA. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  33. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (1998). "Prisunic dope déjà Monoprix". LSA. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  34. ^ "Casino annonce l'acquisition de Franprix et Leaderprice". L'humanité. 4 September 1997. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  35. ^ "Rallye remporte la bataille de Casino. Promodès abandonne son OPA sur l'enseigne stéphanoise". Libération. 30 December 1997. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  36. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (10 May 2001). "L'Uruguay se met aux couleurs de Casino". LSA. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  37. ^ "Casino rachète l'argentin Libertad". Les Echos. 13 February 1998. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  38. ^ "Casino poursuit le processus de prise de contrôle de GPA au Brésil". Les Echos. 5 June 2012. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  39. ^ "Green Yellow". Capitaine Energie. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  40. ^ "Casino possède 99,6% de Cdiscount". Le Figaro. 6 January 2011. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  41. ^ "La Poste et Casino ensemble pour développer le commerce de proximité". e-marketing. 19 October 2011. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  42. ^ "Monoprix: Casino rachète la part des Galeries Lafayette". Le Figaro. 29 June 2012. Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  43. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (31 October 2013). "Le Mutant basculera sous enseigne Leader Price en 2014". LSA. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  44. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (8 October 2014). "Casino et Intermarché s'allient aux achats pour les grandes marques dès les négociations 2015". LSA. Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  45. ^ "Casino cède sa filiale Big C pour 1 milliard €". Le Figaro. 29 April 2016. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  46. ^ "Casino s'allie avec l'anglais Ocado pour faire le grand saut dans le commerce alimentaire en ligne". Le Monde. 29 April 2017. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  47. ^ "Casino Group parent Rallye enters bankruptcy protection". S&P Global. 24 May 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  48. ^ "French retailer Casino finalises rescue deal led by Czech tycoon". Reuters. 5 October 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  49. ^ "Groupe Casino: Proceedings for recognition of financial restructuring in the United States (Chapter 15)". Yahoo! Finance. 16 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  50. ^ "Distribution : les enseignes du groupe CASINO réunies au salon Franchise Expo Paris". Les Echos de la Franchise (in French). 2018. Archived from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  51. ^ "Brésil : Casino prend les commandes de Pao de Açucar". Le Figaro (in French). 2016. Archived from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  52. ^ "La bataille de la grande distribution au Brésil". Le Portail de l'Intelligence Economique (in French). 2013. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  53. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (2001). "Pourquoi Casino mise sur le colombien Exito". LSA Conso (in French). Archived from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  54. ^ "Des positions fortes à l'international – Groupe Casino". Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  55. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (2015). "Casino créé un nouveau leader de la distribution alimentaire en Amérique Latine". www.lsa-conso.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 21 August 2018.
  56. ^ "Walmart à la peine au Brésil face à Casino et Carrefour". www.lesechos.fr (in French). 2017. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018.
  57. ^ "Casino veut renforcer sa présence en Colombie". www.lefigaro.fr (in French). 2011. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018.
  58. ^ "Casino se renforce en Colombie via sa filiale exito". Capital (in French). France. 10 February 2014. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
  59. ^ Cdiscount attaque le marché sénégalais Archived 11 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine, WK Transport Logistique, 2014
  60. ^ "PDG de Cdiscount : " Nous sommes le numéro 1 du e-commerce en France ! "". Le Parisien. 2016. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  61. ^ "Brazil's GPA sells Cnova stake to Casino". Reuters (in Japanese). 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  62. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (2016). "Comment la foncière Mercialys fédère ses centres commerciaux sous bannière G la Galerie". LSA. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  63. ^ "La Fondation Casino soutient 3 nouveaux projets-théâtre parrainés par un collaborateur du groupe". www.fcd.fr (in French). February 2017. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  64. ^ "Exito : la success-story colombienne de Casino". www.leprogres.fr (in French). 2017. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018.
  65. ^ a b "Agir avec les fondations". www.groupe-casino.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 17 November 2018.
  66. ^ "Des fondations d'entreprises pour motiver les salariés". www.lefigaro.fr (in French). 2012. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018.
  67. ^ "[Entretien] – Karine Viel, Déléguée Générale de la Fondation Monoprix". www.carenews.com (in French). 2017. Archived from the original on 21 August 2018.
  68. ^ "Association sportive de Saint-Etienne, en vert et contre tout". So Foot (in French). 2016. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018.
  69. ^ "Pourquoi les joueurs de Saint-Etienne sont-ils surnommés les Verts ?". Le Figaro (in French). Archived from the original on 22 August 2018.
  70. ^ "All you need to know: AS Saint-Etienne". Ligue1. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  71. ^ "Un homme, un stade: Geoffroy Guichard". So Foot (in French). 25 November 2016. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018.
  72. ^ "Notre histoire". Cyclisme – AG2R La Mondiale (in French). Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  73. ^ "Jogos de azar, cassinos, salões de caça-níqueis e cassinos online em Portugal". casinopertodemim.com. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  74. ^ "CASINO GUICHARD-PERRACHON (CO)". Zone Bourse (in French). Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  75. ^ "Casino réduit (Encore) son parc d'hypers". Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  76. ^ ""Géant Casino" devient "Casino #Hyper Frais" pour plus de produits frais et locaux dans vos magasins - Groupe Casino". Archived from the original on 14 December 2022.
  77. ^ "Pourquoi Géant devient Casino #hyperFrais". Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  78. ^ "Quand les analystes financiers font l'objet de tentatives d'intimidation". 21 August 2020. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  79. ^ "Des ONG accusent Casino de contribuer à la déforestation en Amazonie, une médiation judiciaire proposée". Le Monde. 9 June 2022. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  80. ^ "Le groupe Casino poursuivi en France pour des activités liées à la déforestation en Amazonie". 3 March 2021. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  81. ^ "Amazonie : Casino assigné en justice pour sa participation présumée à la déforestation". Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  82. ^ "Casino assigné en justice pour sa responsabilité supposée dans la déforestation de l'Amazonie". 4 March 2021. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  83. ^ Casino étend son partenariat avec Amazon. "typhu88". Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  84. ^ "CASINO GUICHARD: Casino obtains authorization to list its Brazilian brand Assai in Sao Paulo". Les Échos. 22 February 2021. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2022..
  85. ^ "BNP Paribas finalizes the acquisition of the online bank Floa". Le Figaro. 1 February 2022. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2022..
  86. ^ Conso, L. S. A. (4 November 2021). "Casino enters the capital of Gorillas". LSA Conso. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2022..
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Groupe Casino.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Groupe_Casino&oldid=1242055483"