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Force India

Coordinates: 52°04′33″N 1°01′46″W / 52.07583°N 1.02944°W / 52.07583; -1.02944
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52°04′33″N 1°01′46″W / 52.07583°N 1.02944°W / 52.07583; -1.02944

India Force India-Mercedes
Full nameSahara Force India F1 Team
BaseSilverstone,
Northamptonshire,
United Kingdom
Team principal(s)Subrata Roy
(Chairman)
Vijay Mallya
(Managing Director)
Robert Fernley
(Deputy Team Principal)
Otmar Szafnauer
(Chief Operating officer)
Director(s)Andrew Green (Technical)
Andy Stevenson (Sporting)
Steve Curnow (Commercial)
Websitewww.forceindiaf1.com
Previous nameSpyker F1 Team
Formula One World Championship career
First entry2008 Australian Grand Prix
Last entry2024 São Paulo Grand Prix
Races entered171
Constructors'
Championships		0
Drivers'
Championships		0
Race victories0
Podiums5
Points800
Pole positions1
Fastest laps4
2016 position4th (173 pts)

The Sahara Force India F1 Team is a Formula One racing team based in Silverstone, United Kingdom with an Indian licence. The team was formed in October 2007 when a consortium led by Indian businessman Vijay Mallya and Dutch businessman Michiel Mol bought the Spyker F1 team for €90 million.[1]

After going through 29 races without scoring points, Force India won their first Formula One world championship points and podium place when Giancarlo Fisichella finished second in the 2009 Belgian Grand Prix.[2] Force India scored points again in the following race when Adrian Sutil finished fourth, and set the team's first fastest lap, at the Italian Grand Prix. The team's other podium finishes to date are four third-places, in the 2014 Bahrain Grand Prix, 2015 Russian Grand Prix, 2016 Monaco Grand Prix and the 2016 European Grand Prix, all achieved by Sergio Pérez.

In October 2011, Indian company Sahara India Pariwar, purchased 42.5% of Force India F1's shares at US$100 million.[3]

History

Background

Main articles: Jordan Grand Prix, Midland F1 Racing, and Spyker F1

The team's origins stemmed from the Jordan Grand Prix team, which entered Formula One racing in 1991 based at the Silverstone racing circuit. Jordan enjoyed many years in Formula One, winning four races and achieving third place in the 1999 constructors championship. However, like many of the smaller teams in the 2000s, financial problems meant the team's performance dried up, and team owner Eddie Jordan sold the team to the Midland Group in 2005.

The renamed Midland F1 Racing team spent two seasons at the back of grid, before owner Alex Shnaider sold the team to Spyker Cars midway through the 2006 season.[4]

Spyker F1 scored a point in 2007 and briefly led the European Grand Prix; despite this, the team once again hit financing issues,[5] and was sold on to Indian businessman Vijay Mallya, then chairman of the United Breweries Group and Michiel Mol, Spyker's Formula One Director.[1] The team, bought for €88 million,[6] was renamed as the Force India Formula One Team for the 2008 season, and retained team principal Colin Kolles, Chief Technology Officer Mike Gascoyne and driver Adrian Sutil.[6]

2008 season

Adrian Sutil testing for Force India in January 2008.

After retaining Adrian Sutil for the team's first season, Force India conducted winter tests for the second driver and testing roles. Ex-Renault driver Giancarlo Fisichella was chosen for the race seat, and Vitantonio Liuzzi secured the reserve role;[7] they were to drive an updated version of the Spyker F8-VIIB chassis with Ferrari engines, christened the Force India VJM01.[8] Testing of the car begun in February, after the gold, tungsten and white liveried car was launched at the Gateway of India in Mumbai.[9] With an increased budget and wind tunnels from defence company EADS,[10] the team set itself the target of beating Super Aguri, a squad which spent the previous seasons contesting at the back with Force India's predecessors.[10]

Giancarlo Fisichella leads Adrian Sutil at the 2008 Canadian Grand Prix.

Melbourne was the scene of Force India's first race, and although the Australian Grand Prix gave the team a poor start with both drivers retiring in the first few laps,[11] the following race in Malaysia saw Fisichella's twelfth place earn the team's first finish. After disappointing results in the opening races, Sutil gave the team the chance to score its first points in the wet Monaco Grand Prix, but towards the end of the race Kimi Räikkönen's Ferrari lost control and hit Sutil's car causing immediate retirement.[12] Although a furious Gascoyne called for Räikkönen to be penalised,[13] overtakes under yellow flag conditions would have meant Sutil receiving a time penalty post-race, dropping him out of points.[14] Continuous updates to improve reliability and performance allowed the team to close the gap to the fastest teams during the mid-season, despite Super Aguri's withdrawal meaning the two cars started from the rear of the grid for the majority of races. A seamless-shift transmission introduced at Valencia marked the end of development for the car;[15] team owner Mallya had realised underinvestment and continued changes of ownership had led the team to fall behind.[15] Force India had been focusing on 2009 since Mallya brought the team, believing that the new regulations would yield better results.[16][17] Despite halting work on the VJM01, Fisichella put his car to a season-best 12th on the grid at the Italian Grand Prix during an extremely wet qualifying session; he was however to crash out during the race.[18] Fisichella continued his good form by reaching second during the Singapore round and fifth at the season-ending Brazilian Grand Prix; a safety car before his pit stop prevented points in Singapore, while transmission issues in Brazil left him 18th and two laps down.[19] Force India finished the season tenth place in the Constructors Championship, and Fisichella achieved the best finish of tenth at the Spanish Grand Prix.[19]

2009 season

Force India retained the same drivers for the 2009 season.[20] At the wet Chinese Grand Prix, Sutil almost secured Force India's first points, holding sixth place in front of Lewis Hamilton and Timo Glock with six laps remaining when aquaplaning led to the Force India car skidding off the road and crashing out of the race. At the German Grand Prix, Sutil qualified in seventh place and battled for the points, reaching second at one point, before colliding with Kimi Räikkönen after exiting the pit lane and being forced to pit again to change a broken front wing. He finished 15th.

Force India gained their first pole position in Formula One when Fisichella qualified fastest at the Belgian Grand Prix in Spa.[21] He finished the race in second position, less than a second behind Kimi Räikkönen earning Force India's first ever points and podium position. Missing the win was partially blamed on the car's lack of KERS, a system present on the Ferrari.

On 3 September 2009, Force India announced that they were releasing Fisichella from his contract to allow him to race for Ferrari for the remainder of the season. It was announced four days later that test driver Vitantonio Liuzzi would replace Fisichella for the remaining races.[22]

In qualifying for the Italian Grand Prix at Monza, Sutil qualified second and Liuzzi, on his race debut for the team, qualified seventh. On race day, Sutil finished fourth and clocked the fastest lap of the race. While running fourth in the race, Liuzzi had to retire due to a transmission failure. Force India finished the season ninth in front of Scuderia Toro Rosso with 13 points, however, this did not reflect the vast improvement Force India had made from the start of the season.

VJM02

Main article: Force India VJM02
Vitantonio Liuzzi at the 2009 Japanese Grand Prix.

The VJM02 was powered by Mercedes-Benz engines from the 2009 season after signing a five-year deal on 10 November 2008. The deal also included a supply of McLaren-Mercedes gearboxes, hydraulic systems and the KERS feature. The car was revealed on 1 March 2009.[23] The VJM02 was the first Force India car to pick up points, pole position and fastest lap at the 2009 Belgian Grand Prix but the race was won by Ferrari's Kimi Räikkönen.

2010 season

Vitantonio Liuzzi driving during practice for the 2010 Bahrain Grand Prix.

The team announced on 27 November 2009, that it was to keep Adrian Sutil and Vitantonio Liuzzi for the 2010 season.[24] The team tested Paul di Resta and J. R. Hildebrand at Jerez, with di Resta setting a much faster time.[25] Di Resta was confirmed as the team's test driver on 2 February 2010.[26] On 9 February 2010, Force India unveiled their new car, the VJM03, which was to be used in the 2010 season.

The 2010 season began with points in Bahrain, with Liuzzi finishing in ninth position. Sutil had qualified in tenth, but was involved in a first-lap incident with the Renault of Robert Kubica. He ultimately recovered to finish in twelfth position. In Australia, Sutil again qualified in the top ten, with Liuzzi qualifying thirteenth. Liuzzi finished the race in seventh, while Sutil retired with an engine problem. In Malaysia Sutil scored ten points with fifth and Liuzzi retired early due to a throttle problem, his first retirement of the season. In the next few races, apart from a retirement from Liuzzi, the Force Indias had quiet races in the midfield, staying mainly out of the action in front of and behind them, with Sutil scoring points in Spain. At Monaco both cars finished the race in eighth and ninth, avoiding the numerous incidents, giving the team their first double points finish. In Turkey, Sutil finished 9th scoring two points, while Liuzzi finished 13th. At the following race in Montreal, both cars finished in the points, with Liuzzi finishing 9th and Sutil in 10th.

A number of senior personnel left the team during the season, with technical director James Key being the highest-profile member, leaving to join Sauber in a similar role. Chief designer Lewis Butler, senior aerodynamicist Marianne Hinson, and commercial director Ian Phillips also left the outfit.[27]

2011 season

Adrian Sutil at the 2011 Malaysian Grand Prix.

On 26 January 2011, the team announced that reserve driver Paul di Resta would be promoted to a race seat for the 2011 season, to partner Adrian Sutil.[28] The team launched their new car, the VJM04 on 8 February 2011 via an online launch. The VJM04 is the first car created under new technical director Andrew Green and developed using the resources from partners McLaren Applied Technologies and Mercedes-Benz HighPerformanceEngines.[29] In the first race of the year in Australia, Sutil and di Resta finished the race in eleventh and twelfth places respectively but were later promoted to ninth and tenth after both Sauber cars were disqualified for a technical infringement relating to the rear wing of both their cars.[30]

Di Resta scored more points in Malaysia but he had to retire in Turkey. Sutil finished seventh in Monaco, and ninth in Valencia. Di Resta was bound for points in Britain before a collision with Buemi, while Sutil finished sixth in Germany ahead of the Mercedes cars. Di Resta finished seventh in Hungary, eighth in Italy and took his best race result of sixth in Singapore, while Sutil added a seventh-place finish in Belgium and an eighth in Singapore. Di Resta scored another point in Korea, while at the inaugural Indian Grand Prix, Sutil scored two points with ninth place.[31] At the final race in Brazil, Sutil matched his best finish of the season with sixth place, while di Resta finished eighth, to help the team finish sixth in the Constructors' Championship, four points in arrears of fifth-placed Renault.[32]

2012 season

The Force India VJM05 – seen here driven by Paul di Resta at Jerez during winter testing – with its distinctive "platypus" nose.

For their 2012 line-up, the team retained Paul di Resta and replaced Adrian Sutil with their 2011 reserve driver, Nico Hülkenberg.[33] Jules Bianchi was later named as the team's reserve driver, and will also take part in Friday practice for the team during the season.[34] The team's car, the VJM05, was launched at Silverstone on 3 February.[35]

The Force India crew tried to pull out of the 2012 Bahrain Grand Prix due to a revolution against the regime and the death of a protester.[36] However, after the team's refusal to take to the circuit, there was a confrontation between F1 chief Bernie Ecclestone and the Force India team.[37]

2013 season

The 2013 line-up featured Paul di Resta for the third successive year.[38] The season also witnessed Adrian Sutil returning to the team line-up, replacing Nico Hülkenberg[39] as the team's Second Driver. The team's new car, the VJM06 was launched on 1 February 2013 at the team's base near the Silverstone Circuit.[40]

At the season-opening Australian Grand Prix, Sutil finished seventh, while di Resta finished eighth, giving the team their best ever start to a season.[41]

2014 season

At the 2014 Bahrain Grand Prix, Sergio Pérez achieved Force India's first podium since 2009, with third place in the race.

Nico Hülkenberg returned to the team for 2014, while Paul di Resta was replaced by Sergio Pérez. Adrian Sutil moved to Sauber. Daniel Juncadella was signed by the team as a reserve driver.[42] The season opener in Australia saw Hülkenberg finish sixth while Pérez finished tenth after the disqualification of Daniel Ricciardo. This was also the first time Hülkenberg completed a lap at the Albert Park circuit. At the Bahrain Grand Prix, Pérez put Force India on the podium with a third-place finish, its first time on the podium since Spa 2009.[43] In Austria, Pérez achieved the third fastest lap in Force India's history.

2015 season

On 19 October 2014, the team stated Hülkenberg had secured his seat for 2015.[44] On 7 November 2014, before the Brazilian Grand Prix, Force India announced that Pérez would remain with the team for the 2015 season.[45] Pérez stated that contract negotiations were "ongoing", in regards to a further contract extension. The deal was officially confirmed two weeks later at the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, with Pérez signing a two-year contract, until the end of the 2016 season.[46]

Force India introduced the revised VJM08B halfway through the 2015 season, seen here driven by Nico Hülkenberg at the Japanese Grand Prix.

Force India missed the first pre-season test in Jerez, due to an unexplained setback in the development of the Force India VJM08. It was later revealed that Force India was, according to insider Ralf Bach, "facing financial collapse," and was "currently insolvent." He also suggested that the delays in the VJM08 were due to the fact that "important parts suppliers have not been paid".[47] Bob Fernley, deputy Team Principal, later admitted that the team was likely to miss all three pre-season tests, though he said that they might use the 2014 car to do some "driver and tyre work."[48] However, Force India's 2015 car finally broke cover when Hülkenberg hit the track on day two of the third and final test at Barcelona.[49] The car was an updated version of last year's challenger and was immediately reliable. They had a good start to the season with Hülkenberg finishing in a strong seventh place in the Australian Grand Prix. However they struggled thereafter and did not score points until the Bahrain Grand Prix courtesy of an eighth-place finish by Pérez. Both drivers delivered strong results in Monaco and Austria. The team later introduced a highly modified B-spec car at the 2015 British Grand Prix,[50] featuring two distinctive vents in the nose.[51] The car was a significant step forward from its predecessor, particularly in high speed corners.[52] In Belgium, Pérez almost took the lead of the race on lap one and ultimately finished in a strong fifth place. He followed up this drive by a sixth-place finish in Monza and seventh in Singapore. In September Sahara Force India lodged a formal complaint to the European Union against Formula One for breaching competition laws.[53] At the Russian Grand Prix, Pérez put Force India on the podium with a third-place finish, its first podium since the 2014 Bahrain Grand Prix.[54] Hülkenberg and Pérez finished seventh and eighth in Pérez' home race in Mexico City. This upturn in form helped Force India achieved their best placing of 5th place with 136 points in the Constructor's Championship, although scoring 19 fewer points than its predecessor. This is a remarkable achievement considering the team's financial plight and their late preparations of the season by delaying the B spec version of their car.

Sponsorship and partners

Kingfisher, a brand owned by Vijay Mallya, is the primary sponsor. Other sponsors for 2008 included ICICI Bank, Medion, Kanyan Capital, Reebok and Reliance Industries Limited.[55] The above sponsors, except ICICI Bank and Kanyan Capital, continue to sponsor the team in 2009. New sponsors include AVG, Airbus and Whyte & Mackay.

In December 2009, Computational Research Laboratories (CRL), a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Sons, and Force India Formula One Team announced an exclusive three-year multimillion-dollar partnership deal to offer a fully automated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solution to aid the design of the team’s next generation race cars as well improve aerodynamic efficiency in the current racing models.[56] Force India F1 has tied up with Airbus and EADS for technological support, and has a technical partnership with McLaren.[57]

In October 2011, Indian company Sahara India Pariwar purchased 42.5% of the team's shares for $100 million.[3] Mallya retains 42.5%, and the remaining 15% belongs to the Mol family. The team was renamed Sahara Force India as a result.[58] The shares sold were newly issued; Mallya and Mol did not sell any of their existing shares.[59]

Aethra, a leading Brazilian auto parts manufacturer joined the team as an official partner in 2012.[60] Other sponsors include Kingfisher Airlines (former), Whyte and Mackay, United Breweries Group, Vladivar Vodka, AVG Technologies, Alpinestars, Reebok, Schroth Racing, Muc-Off, Hackett, Chatham-Marine, UPS Direct, STILL and STL.[61] Smirnoff announced a partnership with the team in May 2014. Univa announced a partnership with the team in June 2014.[62] Force India announced a partnership with the Japanese company NEC Corporation (Mexican Division) for the 2015 season. Force India supported Hilmer Motorsport in GP2 and GP3 in 2014. In 2015 Force India announced a partnership with Adaptavist.[63]

Complete Formula One results

(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Chassis Engine Tyres Drivers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Points WCC
2008 VJM01 Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 B AUS MAL BHR ESP TUR MON CAN FRA GBR GER HUN EUR BEL ITA SIN JPN CHN BRA 0 10th
Germany Adrian Sutil Ret Ret 19 Ret 16 Ret Ret 19 Ret 15 Ret Ret 13 19 Ret Ret Ret 16
Italy Giancarlo Fisichella Ret 12 12 10 Ret Ret Ret 18 Ret 16 15 14 17 Ret 14 Ret 17 18
2009 VJM02 Mercedes FO 108W 2.4 V8 B AUS MAL CHN BHR ESP MON TUR GBR GER HUN EUR BEL ITA SIN JPN BRA ABU 13 9th
Germany Adrian Sutil 9 17 17† 16 Ret 14 17 17 15 Ret 10 11 4 Ret 13 Ret 17
Italy Giancarlo Fisichella 11 18† 14 15 14 9 Ret 10 11 14 12 2
Italy Vitantonio Liuzzi Ret 14 14 11 15
2010 VJM03 Mercedes FO 108X 2.4 V8 B BHR AUS MAL CHN ESP MON TUR CAN EUR GBR GER HUN BEL ITA SIN JPN KOR BRA ABU 68 7th
Germany Adrian Sutil 12 Ret 5 11 7 8 9 10 6 8 17 Ret 5 16 9 Ret Ret 12 13
Italy Vitantonio Liuzzi 9 7 Ret Ret 15† 9 13 9 16 11 16 13 10 12 Ret Ret 6 Ret Ret
2011 VJM04 Mercedes FO 108Y 2.4 V8 P AUS MAL CHN TUR ESP MON CAN EUR GBR GER HUN BEL ITA SIN JPN KOR IND ABU BRA 69 6th
Germany Adrian Sutil 9 11 15 13 13 7 Ret 9 11 6 14 7 Ret 8 11 11 9 8 6
United Kingdom Paul di Resta 10 10 11 Ret 12 12 18† 14 15 13 7 11 8 6 12 10 13 9 8
2012 VJM05 Mercedes FO 108Z 2.4 V8 P AUS MAL CHN BHR ESP MON CAN EUR GBR GER HUN BEL ITA SIN JPN KOR IND ABU USA BRA 109 7th
United Kingdom Paul di Resta 10 7 12 6 14 7 11 7 Ret 11 12 10 8 4 12 12 12 9 15 19†
Germany Nico Hülkenberg Ret 9 15 12 10 8 12 5 12 9 11 4 21† 14 7 6 8 Ret 8 5
2013 VJM06 Mercedes FO 108Z 2.4 V8 P AUS MAL CHN BHR ESP MON CAN GBR GER HUN BEL ITA SIN KOR JPN IND ABU USA BRA 77 6th
United Kingdom Paul di Resta 8 Ret 8 4 7 9 7 9 11 18† Ret Ret 20† Ret 11 8 6 15 11
Germany Adrian Sutil 7 Ret Ret 13 13 5 10 7 13 Ret 9 16† 10 20† 14 9 10 Ret 13
2014 VJM07 Mercedes PU106A Hybrid 1.6 V6 t P AUS MAL BHR CHN ESP MON CAN AUT GBR GER HUN BEL ITA SIN JPN RUS USA BRA ABU 155 6th
Mexico Sergio Pérez 10 DNS 3 9 9 Ret 11† 6 11 10 Ret 8 7 7 10 10 Ret 15 7
Germany Nico Hülkenberg 6 5 5 6 10 5 5 9 8 7 Ret 10 12 9 8 12 Ret 8 6
2015 VJM08 Mercedes PU106B Hybrid 1.6 V6 t P AUS MAL CHN BHR ESP MON CAN AUT GBR HUN BEL ITA SIN JPN RUS USA MEX BRA ABU 136 5th
Mexico Sergio Pérez 10 13 11 8 13 7 11 9
Germany Nico Hülkenberg 7 14 Ret 13 15 11 8 6
VJM08B Mercedes PU106B Hybrid 1.6 V6 t P Mexico Sergio Pérez 9 Ret 5 6 7 12 3 5 8 12 5
Germany Nico Hülkenberg 7 Ret DNS 7 Ret 6 Ret Ret 7 6 7
2016 VJM09 Mercedes PU106C Hybrid 1.6 V6 t P AUS BHR CHN RUS ESP MON CAN EUR AUT GBR HUN GER BEL ITA SIN MAL JPN USA MEX BRA ABU 173 4th
Mexico Sergio Pérez 13 16 11 9 7 3 10 3 17† 6 11 10 5 8 8 6 7 8 10 4 8
Germany Nico Hülkenberg 7 15 15 Ret Ret 6 8 9 19† 7 10 7 4 10 Ret 8 8 Ret 7 7 7
Notes
  • * – Season still in progress.
  • † – Driver failed to finish the race, but was classified as they had completed over 90% of the race distance.

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