Nian gao
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 Cantonese-style nian gao | |
| Alternative names | Year cake, Chinese New Year's cake, tikay, ti kuih |
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| Place of origin | China |
| Region or state | Chinese-speaking areas |
| Variations | Varies by region (Cantonese, Shanghai, Fujian, etc.) |
| Other information | Typically consumed during Chinese New Year |
| Nian gao | |||||||||||||||
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| Chinese | 年糕 | ||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | year cake | ||||||||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 甜粿 | ||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | sweet kuih | ||||||||||||||
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Niángāo, Year cake or Chinese New Year's cake is a food prepared from glutinous rice and consumed in Chinese cuisine. It is available in Asian supermarkets and from health food stores. While it can be eaten all year round, traditionally it is most popular during Chinese New Year. It is considered good luck to eat nian gao during this time, because "nian gao" is a homonym for "higher year." The Chinese word 粘 (nián), meaning "sticky", is identical in sound to 年, meaning "year", and the word 糕 (gāo), meaning "cake" is identical in sound to 高, meaning "high or tall". As such, eating nian gao has the symbolism of raising oneself taller in each coming year (年年高升 niánnián gāoshēng). Also known as rice cake. This sticky sweet snack was believed to be an offering to the Kitchen God, with the aim that his mouth will be stuck with the sticky cake, so that he can't badmouth the human's family to the God of all Gods (Yu Huang Da Di).[1]
History
There is one myth about the history of Nian Gao. In the ancient China, there was a monster called “Nian”. It used to stay at the cave in the mountain; however, it would come out and hunt for animals when it was hungry. In winter, most of the animals went into hibernation. Nian had no other options; it had to go to the village and searched for humans to fulfill its hunger. Lots of people lived under the fear of Nian for decades. Until, there was a smart villager who named “Gao”. He assumed Nian would come down from the mountain and hunt again; therefore, he pre-made some pastry and put them in front of the door. As soon as Nian came down, it could not find any human to eat but it found some pastry instead. When it felt full, it went back to the mountain. When it was gone, the villagers came out and celebrated for their survival. From then on, the villagers made rice pastry every winter to prevent Nian from eating them. Since Gao invented the rice pastry, the villagers named the rice pastry “Nian Gao”.
There is also one historical fact about Nian Gao's history. In BC 770 to BC 221, China was divided into different small countries. There were two neighboring countries that fought each other every year, which are “Wu” and “Yue”. In Wu, there was a prime minister called “Wu Zi Shui” who helped the old emperor to build the wall. Before Wu Zi Shui died, he told the new emperor’s eunuch to dig the wall when the citizens were in hunger since he had buried lots of rice pastry until the wall. When Yue attacked Wu, Wu was in danger and the whole country was suffering from hunger. The eunuch remembered what Wu Zi Shui said, so he ordered the citizens to dig under the wall. The citizen was saved by what Wu Zi Shui had done for them. From that moment onwards, the citizen made rice pastry every year during Chinese New Year. There were two purposes for them to make rice pastry; one was to remember Wu Zi Shui and another reason was to celebrate Chinese New Year with relatives and friends.
Nian Gao was one of the older historical foods in China. In 1974, some historians in Zhejiang discovered some wheat fossil. After several textural researches, they had confirmed that it was made seven thousands years ago.
Moral & Rituals
Nian Gao sounds similar to Nian Gao年高 (年年高生) implying promotions or prosperity year after year. This association makes Nian Gao a popular gift item during the New Year period.
On the more human level, Nian Gao are popular as gifts during the Chinese New Year. The traditional Nian Gao is round with an auspicious decoration such as the character for prosperity （福） on its top.The character is often written in the traditional Chinese script.
As a gift item, Nian Gao are fashioned into different shapes with attractive packaging to suit the festive season. Popular designs include a pair of carps(年年有余) symbolizing surplus every year,ingots (元宝), or the God of Wealth财神. These designs are auspicious symbols and send good wishes for the New Year.
Some innovative producers have added a scratch area for consumers to reveal a lucky number for lottery bets. The production, sales and consumption of Nian Gao is another evidence of food as a transmission medium for social aspirations and how it can be shaped, packaged and promoted in varying forms to resonate with consumer’s social dreams.
Production
Despite numerous varieties, they all share the same glutinous rice ingredient that is pounded or ground into a paste and, depending on the variety, may simply be molded into shape or cooked again to settle the ingredient. Nian gao has many varieties including the types found in Shanghai cuisine, Fujian cuisine and Cantonese cuisine originating from Guangdong.
Method
1. Grease the pudding basin; prepare a pot of hot water for steaming
2. Batter glutinous rice flour and Cheng floor; add coconut milk and mix well to become paste
3. Pour water into a pot and oil it, turn simmering and added sugar, let it cool and mix with the paste. Keep mixing to avoid producing powder
4. Put back the batter into the pot, then simmer and stir constantly with a wooden spoon, until the batter changes into a paste
5. Add corn oil and mix well, and then cover the pudding basin, covered with aluminum foil and placed in hot water to steam for about 1 hour and 15 minutes so that it can serve.
Types
Shanghai cuisine
The Shanghai style is usually packaged in a thick soft rod to be sliced up or packaged pre-sliced and either stir-fried or added to soup. Depending on the cooking method this style is a soft to a chewy variant. The Shanghai style keeps the nian gao white, and made with non-glutinous rice. The color is its distinct feature.
When served as a dish, the most common is the stir-fry method, hence the name (炒年糕, chǎo nián gāo). There are three general types. The first is a savory dish, common ingredients include scallions, beef, pork, cabbage etc. The second is a sweet version using standard white sugar. The last version is taste-less, and is often consumed for its chewy textures.
Northern Nian Gao
Northern nian gao can be steamed or fried, mainly sweet in taste. Beijing nian gao including jujube nian gao made of glutinous rice or yellow rice, mince nian gao and white nian gao. Shanxi has the habit of making nian gao using fried yellow rice and red bean paste or jujube paste for filling. Hebei has the habit of using jujube, small red beans and green beans to steam nian gao. In Shandong, it is made of red dates and yellow rice. The northeast nian gao is made of beans on sticky sorghum Mega.
Fujian Nian Gao
Southern region of Fujian nian gao, natural amber, mainly for the New Year ritual and gifts. It is made of glutinous rice and taro, usually being sliced and cooked before eating. It can also be wrapped in egg or cornstarch (corn flour) or sweet potato to fry.
Jiangnan Nian Gao
Nian gao was white along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and it is a mild food. It is made by mixing rice with glutinous rice; the ratio between the two can be adjusted according to personal preferences. If you like to eat softer, you can increase the proportion of glutinous rice and vice versa. Cooking methods include steaming, frying, sliced frying or for soup. Ningbo nian gao is the most famous and common practices include pickled pork soup nian gao and shepherd's purse fried nian gao. Shanghai's ribs nian gao are also distinctive. In addition, there are more uses of the foot to make nian gao in the southern part of the rural system rice cakes, called "foot cake”.
Cantonese cuisine
The Guangdong variety is also called nian gao. It is sweetened, usually with brown sugar. It is distinct with a dark yellow color. The paste is poured into a cake pan and steamed once more to settle mixture. The batter is steamed until it solidifies and served in thick slices. It may be eaten as is. The nian gao becomes stretchy and extremely sticky. It can also be served as a pudding flavored with rosewater or red bean paste.
The next stage is optional as it can be pan-fried afterwards,often with egg, to make (煎年糕, jyutping: zin1 nin4 gou1; pinyin: jiān nián gāo). When fried it is slightly crispy on the outside, and remains pasty on the inside. During Chinese New Year, it is cut into square pieces and served along with similar cake dim sum dishes like taro cake and water chestnut cake.
In Malaysia, it is called kuih bakul and is often fried in a sandwich in between pieces of taro or sweet potato.
Other cultures
Nian gao is also widely consumed in the Philippines during the Chinese New Year due to the Chinese living in the country. Nian gao is known as tikoy (from Hokkien 甜粿) in the Philippines and tikay တီကေ့ in Burma.
Japan and Korea both have similar glutinous rice foods, known as mochi and tteok, respectively, though tteok can be made with non-glutinous rice as well. This kind of tteok, which is like the Shanghai variety of niángāo, is traditionally eaten during Korean New Year (same as Chinese New Year) in a dish called tteokguk.
Combinations
Different parts of Asia have mixed the cake with different ingredients such as red bean paste or even lotus seed paste. They are not considered to be main branches or major cuisine variations.
Gallery
See also
Extend Reading
References
- ^ Buys, Jon (2010). "DuckDuckGo: A New Search Engine Built from Open Source". Retrieved 16 July 2010.
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