Quzhou dialect
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| Quzhou dialect | ||
|---|---|---|
| 衢州話 | ||
| Pronunciation | [dʒɥ tɕiɯ ʔuɑ] | |
| Spoken in | People's Republic of China | |
| Region | Quzhou prefecture, Zhejiang province | |
| Total speakers | approx. 2 million | |
| Language family | Sino-Tibetan | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1 | zh | |
| ISO 639-2 | chi (B) | zho (T) |
| ISO 639-3 | wuu | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Quzhou Dialect (衢州話; pronounced [dʒɥtɕiɯʔuɑ][missing tone] in Quzhou dialect) is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken in Quzhou.
Contents |
[edit] Phonology
[edit] Initials
| Labial | Dental | Palatal | Postalveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m 迷 | n 拿 | ɲ 寧 | ŋ 咬 | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p 巴 | t 丁 | k 公 | ʔ 愛 | ||
| aspirated | pʰ 怕 | tʰ 聽 | kʰ 空 | ||||
| slack voice | b̥ 爬 | d̥ 停 | ɡ̊ 共 | ||||
| Affricate | voiceless | ts 增 | tɕ 九 | tʃ 真 | |||
| aspirated | tsʰ 寸 | tɕʰ 秋 | tʃʰ 春 | ||||
| slack voice | d̥z̥ 存 | d̥ʑ̊ 求 | dʒ 陳 | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f 方 | s 森 | ɕ 心 | ʃ 雙 | x 好 | |
| slack voice | v̥ 房 | z̥ 時 | ʑ̊ 尋 | ʒ 床 | ɣ 或 | ||
| Approximant | l 來 | (j) 移 | (w) 吳 | ɦ 或 | |||
[edit] Rimes
There are at least the following rimes: 姆[m] ； 魚[ŋ] ； 爾[ɫ]； 試[ʐ]
水[ɥ]-； 去[i]-； 布[u] ； 雨[y]
家[ɑ] ； 謝[iɑ] ； 瓜[uɑ]
菜[e̞] ； 快[ue̞]
走[ɘɪ] ； 會[uɘɪ]
包[ɔ]； 表[iɔ]
勾[ɤ] ； 九[iɯ]
南[ə] ； 官[uə]；捐[yə]
變[ie]
三[æ]； 慣[uæ]
本[ən]； 金[iɲ]； 昏[uən]； 運[yɲ]
打[ã]； 兩[iã]； 昌[uã]
方[ɒ̃]；旺[iɒ̃]； 光[uɒ̃]
公[oŋ]；窘[ioŋ]
六[əʔ]； 业[iɘʔ]； 國[uəʔ]； 肉[yəʔ]
脱[ənʔ] 衢[ɥ]
白[ɐ̞ʔ]-aq 弱[iɐ̞ʔ] 划[uɐ̞ʔ]
[edit] Tones
Quzhou dialect is considered to have seven tones. However, since the tone split dating from Middle Chinese still depends on the voicing of the initial consonant, these constitute just three phonemic tones: pin, shang, and qu. (Ru syllables are phonemically toneless.)
Yang Pin 陰平44 江天飛空
Yang Pin 陽平112 來同魚頭
Yin Shang 陰上34 懂紙古口
Yang Qu 陽去31 外地路道
Yin Qu 陰去52 對去馬你
Yang Ru 陽入12 六肉白石
Yin Ru 陰入55 各黑出脫
[edit] Grammar
[edit] Sentence Structure
- Quzhou dialect
-
- 你 我 個 朋友 啘。
ni ŋu kəʔ põjɤ ue.
Literal meaning:(2nd person singular) (1st person singular) (genitive) (friend) (particle)
Meaning: You are my friend. Compare with Japanese: "あなたは私の友達だよ.", or "anata wa watashi no tomodachi dayo"。In this case, "啘", resembles Japanese "だよ".
-
- 渠(其) 你 老師 啘，要 尊重 人家。
gi ɳi lɔsʐ ue, iɔ tseɳd͡ʒõ ninkɒ.
Literal meaning:(3rd person singular) (2nd person singular) (teacher) (particle), (have) (respect) (other)
Meaning: He is your teacher, and you have to respect him.
-
- 鉛筆 借 支 我 好伐?
kæpiəʔ t͡ʃiɒ t͡sʐ ŋu xɔfɐ̞ʔ?
Literal meaning: (pencil) (borrow) (measure word for pencil) (1st person singular) (interrogative)
Meaning: Can I borrow a pencil?
-
- 飯 再 喫 碗 添，多 吃 些兒 啊。
væ t͡se t͡ɕʰiəʔ uə tʰie, tu t͡ɕʰiəʔ ʃin o.
Literal meaning: (rice/meal) (again) (eat) (bowl) (particle?), (more) (eat) (more+) (particle)
Meaning: If you want to eat more, then eat more if you'd like.
-
- 感冒藥 喫嘞 朆 你，覅 記弗着 掉 唻!
kəmɔjɐ̞ʔ t͡ɕʰiəʔləʔ vən ɳi, fiɔ t͡ɕʰifəʔt͡ʃɐ̞ʔ tɔ le.
Literal meaning: (cold medicine) (taking/eating) (interrogative) (2nd person singular), (negative) (verb-remember/negative) (particle) (imperative)
Meaning: Have you taken your cold medicine yet? Don't forget to take it!
[edit] Lexicon
[edit] Pronouns
* 你[ɳi52]—— 2nd person singular
* 我[ŋu52]—— 1st person singular
* 渠[gi112]—— 3rd person singular
* 你達[ɳi52.dɐ̞ʔ12, 你拉-[ɳi52.lɐ̞ʔ12], 爾耷-[n][tAʔ]/[dAʔ],[lAʔ]—— 2nd person plural
* 我達[ŋu52.dɐ̞ʔ12], 我拉[ŋu52.lɐ̞ʔ12(我耷)——1st person plural
* 渠達[gi112.dɐ̞ʔ12], 渠拉[gi112lɐ̞ʔ12](渠耷)——3rd person plural
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