Voiceless labiodental fricative
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Voiceless labiodental fricative | |
|---|---|
| f | |
| IPA number | 128 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | f |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0066 |
| X-SAMPA | f |
| Kirshenbaum | f |
| Braille |  |
| Sound | |
|
|
|
The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in a number of spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨f⟩.
Contents |
Features [edit]
Features of the voiceless labiodental fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence [edit]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | фы | [fə] | 'lightning' | See Abkhaz phonology | |
| Adyghe | тфы |  [tfə] (help·info) |
'five' | Contrasts with ejective form. | |
| Albanian | faqe | [facɛ] | 'cheek' | ||
| Arabic | Standard[1] | ظرف | [ðˤɑrf] | 'envelope' | See Arabic phonology |
| Armenian | Eastern[2] | ֆուտբոլ | [fut̪bol] (help·info) |
'football' | |
| Basque | fin | [fin] | 'thin' | ||
| Catalan[3] | fase | [ˈfazə] | 'phase' | See Catalan phonology | |
| Chechen | факс / faks | [faks] | 'fax' | ||
| Chinese | Cantonese | 佛 fat6 | [fɐt˨] | 'Buddha' | See Cantonese phonology |
| Mandarin | 飛 fēi | [fei˥] | 'to fly' | See Mandarin phonology | |
| Coptic | ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ | [ftow] | 'four' | ||
| Czech | foukat | [foʊ̯kat] | 'to blow' | See Czech phonology | |
| Dutch[4] | fiets | [fits] | 'bike' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English | All dialects | fill | [fɪl] | 'fill' | See English phonology |
| Baltimorese | think | [fɪŋk] | 'think' | Only some dialects of Estuary and South African English. Corresponds to /θ/ in other dialects. See th-fronting | |
| Cockney | |||||
| Estuary | |||||
| South African | |||||
| Ewe[5] | ? | [éfá] | 'he was cold' | ||
| French[6] | fabuleuse | [fabyløz] | 'fabulous' | See French phonology | |
| Galician | faísca | [faˈiska] | 'spark' | ||
| German | fade | [faːdə] | 'insipid' | See German phonology | |
| Goemai | [fat] | 'to blow' | |||
| Greek | φύση fysī | [ˈfisi] | 'nature' | See Modern Greek phonology | |
| Gujarati | ફળ faļ | [IPA transcription?] | 'fruit' | See Gujarati phonology | |
| Hebrew | סופר | [so̞fe̞ʁ] | 'writer' | See Modern Hebrew phonology | |
| Hindi | साफ़ | [sɑːf] | 'clean' | See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |
| Hungarian | figyel | [fiɟɛl] | 'he/she pays attention' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Italian | fantasma | [fanˈta.zma] | 'ghost' | See Italian phonology | |
| Kabardian | фыз | [fɨz] | 'woman' | ||
| Kabyle | afus | [afus] | 'hand' | ||
| Macedonian | фонетика | [fɔnetika] | 'phonetics' | See Macedonian phonology | |
| Malay | feri | [feri] | 'ferry' | ||
| Maltese | fenek | [fenek] | 'rabbit' | ||
| Norwegian | filter | [filtɛɾ] | 'filter' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Polish[7] | futro | [ˈfut̪rɔ] (help·info) |
'fur' | See Polish phonology | |
| Portuguese[8] | fogo | [ˈfoɡʊ] | 'fire' | See Portuguese phonology | |
| Romanian[9] | foc | [fo̞k] | 'fire' | See Romanian phonology | |
| Russian[10] | орфография | [ɐrfɐˈɡrafʲɪjə] | 'orthography' | Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology | |
| Slovak | fúkať | [fuːkac] | 'to blow' | ||
| Somali | feex | [fɛħ] | 'wart' | See Somali phonology | |
| Spanish[11] | fantasma | [fã̈n̪ˈt̪äzmä] | 'ghost' | See Spanish phonology | |
| Swedish | fisk | [ˈfɪsk] | 'fish' | See Swedish phonology | |
| Turkish | saf | [säf] | 'pure' | See Turkish phonology | |
| Ukrainian | Фастів | [ˈfɑ.sʲciu̯] | 'Fastiv' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
| Urdu | ساف | [sɑːf] | 'clean' | See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |
| Vietnamese[12] | pháo | [faːw˧ˀ˥] | 'firecracker' | See Vietnamese phonology | |
| Welsh | ffon | [fɔn] | 'stick' | See Welsh phonology | |
| West Frisian | fol | [foɫ] | 'full' | ||
| Yi | ꃚ fu | [fu˧] | 'roast' | ||
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan[13] | cafe | [kafɘ] | 'coffee' | Used primarily in loanwords from Spanish |
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ Thelwall (1990:37)
- ^ Dum-Tragut (2009:18)
- ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
- ^ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
- ^ Ladefoged (2005:156)
- ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ^ Jassem (2003:103)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ DEX Online : [1]
- ^ Padgett (2003:42)
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán et al. (2003:255)
- ^ Thompson (1959:458–461)
- ^ Merrill (2008:109)
Bibliography [edit]
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
- Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
- Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
- Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266
