Sjenica
| Sjenica Сјеница |
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|---|---|---|
| — Municipality and Town — | ||
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| Coordinates: 43°16′N 20°00′E / 43.267°N 20.000°E | ||
| Country |  Serbia |
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| District | Zlatibor | |
| Settlements | 101 | |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor | Hazbo Mujovic | |
| Area[1] | ||
| • Municipality | 1,059 km2 (409 sq mi) | |
| Population (2011 census)[2] | ||
| • Town | 14,060 | |
| • Municipality | 26,392 | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | |
| Postal code | 36310 | |
| Area code | +381 20 | |
| Car plates | SJ | |
| Website | www.opstinasjenica.co.rs | |
Sjenica (Cyrillic script: Сјеница; pronounced [sjɛ̌nitsa]), is a town and municipality in the Zlatibor District of Serbia and Raška region. The population of the town, according to 2011 census, is 14,060 inhabitants, while the municipality has 26,392.
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Geography [edit]
Sjenica is town in southwestern region of Serbia, Sjenica is located on Pešter plateau, on 1000 meters above sea level. Near Sjenica are mountains Jadovnik, Ozren, Giljeva and Javor.
History [edit]
It's an old town firstly mentioned in 1253 as a place where many merchants rested and paid taxes while going to Dubrovnik.[clarification needed] Voivode Stefan Vasoje, the son of King Stefan Konstantin (r. 1321-1322), received Sjenica as an appanage by Emperor Dušan the Mighty. In the years of Ottoman Empire reign, the town was used as a fortified site. On a nearby hill the Ottomans built a fortress which was demolished later. Next to the fortress, there was a merchants' quarter and some wooden residence houses. Because of its strategical, political and military significance in 19th century, Sjenica was considered as a high priority spot and therefore many military campaigns during the First Serbian Uprising were led its way. Soon afterwards, a new turmoil came to the region with resistance movement against Sultan Mahmud II's reforms. During the Ottoman-Albanian hostilities of 1901 the town partly burnt by Albanian bands.[3] In the 1908-12 Ottoman parliament, the elected representative of Sjenica was Hasan Muhidin Bey (Hasan Muhedini), a local Albanian notable.[4] After the capture of the town by the Serbian army during the Balkan Wars 750 local Albanian notables were executed by Serbian troops in October 1912 as reported by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.[5]
In 1917 when the area was under Austrian control a conference was held, in which the representatives drafted and signed a resolution for the union of the area with "Bosnia" or the establishment of an autonomous region.[6]
During World War II the SS und Polizei Selbschutz Regiment or Kampfgruppe Krempler of SS Standartenführer and SS-und Polizeiführer Karl von Krempler was stationed here. In 1943 it was the battleground of intense fighting between partisans and the German army.
Demographics [edit]
In 1991, the population of the municipality of Sjenica was composed of: Muslims by nationality (76.11%), Serbs and Montenegrins (22.63%) and others. Most of those who in 1991 census declared themselves as Muslims by nationality, in the next census in 2002 part declared themselves as Bosniaks, while some of them still declared themselves as a Muslims by nationality.
According to the last official census done in 2011, the Municipality of Sjenica has 26,392 inhabitants. Population density on the territory of the municipality is 24.9 inhabitants per square kilometer.
Ethnic composition of the municipality:
| Ethnic group | Population |
|---|---|
| Bosniaks | 19,498 |
| Serbs | 5,264 |
| Muslims | 1,234 |
| Roma | 93 |
| Albanians | 29 |
| Montenegrins | 15 |
| Gorani | 12 |
| Yugoslavs | 10 |
| Others | 237 |
| Total | 26,392 |
Twin cities [edit]
Geography and Climate [edit]
Sjenica is located at an altitude of 1,038 meters above sea level, making it one of highest towns in the Balkans. Temperatures fall below freezing on average 134 days per year, with the first freeze in late September and the last in early May.
| Climate data for Sjenica, Serbia | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.2 (63) |
19.4 (66.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
26.0 (78.8) |
29.4 (84.9) |
32.2 (90) |
34.7 (94.5) |
36.2 (97.2) |
31.5 (88.7) |
26.7 (80.1) |
27.3 (81.1) |
18.0 (64.4) |
36.2 (97.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
3.0 (37.4) |
7.4 (45.3) |
12.2 (54) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
23.7 (74.7) |
19.1 (66.4) |
14.8 (58.6) |
8.1 (46.6) |
2.6 (36.7) |
12.9 (55.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
1.8 (35.2) |
6.5 (43.7) |
11.5 (52.7) |
14.7 (58.5) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
11.9 (53.4) |
7.8 (46) |
2.2 (36) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
6.7 (44.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −8.2 (17.2) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
1.2 (34.2) |
5.2 (41.4) |
8.1 (46.6) |
9.5 (49.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
6.1 (43) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−6.1 (21) |
1.2 (34.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −35.6 (−32.1) |
−31.0 (−23.8) |
−24.2 (−11.6) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−26.2 (−15.2) |
−29.6 (−21.3) |
−35.6 (−32.1) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 46.3 (1.823) |
47.4 (1.866) |
46.4 (1.827) |
55.7 (2.193) |
71.5 (2.815) |
79.1 (3.114) |
66.9 (2.634) |
62.0 (2.441) |
75.6 (2.976) |
62.4 (2.457) |
74.1 (2.917) |
62.2 (2.449) |
749.5 (29.508) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 15 | 160 |
| % humidity | 80 | 80 | 77 | 72 | 72 | 73 | 72 | 73 | 78 | 79 | 81 | 84 | 77 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 87.0 | 101.3 | 145.6 | 162.3 | 206.2 | 229.5 | 264.4 | 246.1 | 179.6 | 145.7 | 96.6 | 72.6 | 1,936.8 |
| Source: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[7] | |||||||||||||
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in The Republic of Serbia: Ethnicity - Data by municipalities and cities". Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. 2012. ISBN 978-86-6161-023-3. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
- ^ Vickers, Miranda (1999). The Albanians: A Modern History. I.B.Tauris. p. 43. ISBN 9781860645419. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
- ^ Kansu, Aykut (1997). The Revolution of 1908 in Turkey. BRILL. p. 246. ISBN 9789004107915. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
- ^ Tasovac, Ivo (1999). American Foreign Policy and Yugoslavia, 1939-1941. Texas A&M University Press. p. 170. ISBN 9780890968970. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
- ^ Guidi, Andreas (2012). Traditionen im Transit: Deutung der lokalen Geschichte und Kategorisierungsprozesse am Beispiel von kulturpolitischen Institutionen im serbischen Sandžak. Südosteuropäische Hefte (in German). p. 7.
- ^ "Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1981-2010" (in Serbian). Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
External links [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sjenica |
- Official site about Sjenica (TV Sjenica, Weather forecast, and the biggest community for people from Sjenica)
- Sjenica Online (Forum, Current Weather, Weather Forecast, Video, Photo Gallery, News, Yellow Pages, Business Directory, Web Links and etc.)
