Paine Run Rockshelter: Difference between revisions
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| location = Southern side of Paine Run Hollow, near [[Grottoes, Virginia|Grottoes]], [[Virginia]]<ref name=foss>Foss, Robert Ward. ''Man and Mountain: An Archaeological Overview of the Shenandoah National Park''. Thesis [[University of Virginia|U of Virginia]], 1977.</ref>{{rp|136}} |
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| nearest_city= [[Luray, Virginia]] |
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| locmapin = Virginia#USA |
| locmapin = Virginia#USA |
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| coordinates = {{coord|38|11|54|N|78|47|34|W|display=inline,title}} |
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| added = December 13, 1985 |
| added = December 13, 1985 |
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| area = {{convert|0.1|acre}} |
| area = {{convert|0.1|acre}} |
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| governing_body = Federal |
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The |
The '''Paine Run Rockshelter''' ([[Smithsonian trinomial|44-AU-158]]) is an [[archaeological site]] in [[Shenandoah National Park]], in [[Augusta County, Virginia|Augusta County]], [[Virginia]], [[United States]]. |
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The site was discovered during the early 1970s as part of a comprehensive survey of the national park. It is one of fifteen sites that the survey found along Paine Run,<ref name=foss>Foss, Robert Ward. ''Man and Mountain: An Archaeological Overview of the Shenandoah National Park''. Thesis [[University of Virginia|U of Virginia]], 1977.</ref>{{rp|135}} a group that also includes [[Archeological Site No. AU-154|archaeological site 44-AU-154]] and the [[Blackrock Springs Site]].<ref name=foss />{{rp|136}} Located in a mountainside [[valley#hollows|hollow]],<ref name=foss />{{rp|21}} near three other rockshelters,<ref name=foss />{{rp|135}} the site is deeply [[Stratigraphy (archaeology)|stratified]].<ref name=foss />{{rp|25}} It is a small shelter, only about {{convert|45|m2}} in area, and little taller than the average man.<ref name=foss />{{rp|71}} The shelter faces northward, toward the narrow floodplain and Paine Run, which flows approximately {{convert|15|m}} away;<ref name=foss />{{rp|73}} it sits just east of site 44-AU-154.<ref name=foss />{{rp|71}} |
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While other archaeological sites in Paine Run Hollow date primarily from the [[Archaic period in North America|Archaic period]],<ref name=foss />{{rp|43}} the rockshelter appears to have been occupied at a period of culture change, as the inhabitants were in the process of transitioning from the use of [[quartzite]] to [[cryptocrystalline]] for their [[stone tools]].<ref name=foss />{{rp|42}} Evidence of occupation persists as late as the [[Woodland period|fourteenth century AD]].<ref name=foss />{{rp|167}} The site's two components yielded eight hundred and fifteen hundred separate artifacts in total;<ref name=foss />{{rp|198}} its artifactual density was the highest of any site recorded by the survey, prompting its interpretation as a regional base camp used frequently by larger groups of people.<ref name=foss />{{rp|163}} The surveyors readily conducted a [[test excavation]] after finding many [[lithic flake]]s, pieces of pottery, and [[projectile point]]s on the surface.<ref name=foss />{{rp|73}} The ceramics are dominated by a form known as "Albemarle cord-marked", which represents nearly two-thirds of potsherds found in the shelter.<ref name=foss />{{rp|78}} Meanwhile, the shapes of the surviving lithic flakes (small pieces with almost no [[lithic core|cores]]) appears to indicate that toolmaking done in the shelter consisted of refining rough work that had been performed elsewhere.<ref name=foss />{{rp|80}} |
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The site's archaeological value is so significant that it was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in December 1985, together with 44-AU-154 and the Blackrock Springs Site.<ref name=nris /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia]] |
[[Category:Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia]] |
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[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Augusta County, Virginia]] |
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Augusta County, Virginia]] |
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[[Category:Rock shelters in the United States]] |
[[Category:Rock shelters in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Woodland period in North America]] |
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{{AugustaCountyVA-NRHP-stub}} |
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Revision as of 15:16, 2 September 2017
Paine Run Rockshelter | |
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| Location | Southern side of Paine Run Hollow, near Grottoes, Virginia[2]: 136 |
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| Coordinates | 38°11′54″N 78°47′34″W / 38.19833°N 78.79278°W |
| Area | 0.1 acres (0.040 ha) |
| NRHP reference No. | 85003170[1] |
| VLR No. | 007-1149 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | December 13, 1985 |
| Designated VLR | September 16, 1982[3] |
The Paine Run Rockshelter (44-AU-158) is an archaeological site in Shenandoah National Park, in Augusta County, Virginia, United States.
The site was discovered during the early 1970s as part of a comprehensive survey of the national park. It is one of fifteen sites that the survey found along Paine Run,[2]: 135 a group that also includes archaeological site 44-AU-154 and the Blackrock Springs Site.[2]: 136 Located in a mountainside hollow,[2]: 21 near three other rockshelters,[2]: 135 the site is deeply stratified.[2]: 25 It is a small shelter, only about 45 square metres (480 sq ft) in area, and little taller than the average man.[2]: 71 The shelter faces northward, toward the narrow floodplain and Paine Run, which flows approximately 15 metres (49 ft) away;[2]: 73 it sits just east of site 44-AU-154.[2]: 71
While other archaeological sites in Paine Run Hollow date primarily from the Archaic period,[2]: 43 the rockshelter appears to have been occupied at a period of culture change, as the inhabitants were in the process of transitioning from the use of quartzite to cryptocrystalline for their stone tools.[2]: 42 Evidence of occupation persists as late as the fourteenth century AD.[2]: 167 The site's two components yielded eight hundred and fifteen hundred separate artifacts in total;[2]: 198 its artifactual density was the highest of any site recorded by the survey, prompting its interpretation as a regional base camp used frequently by larger groups of people.[2]: 163 The surveyors readily conducted a test excavation after finding many lithic flakes, pieces of pottery, and projectile points on the surface.[2]: 73 The ceramics are dominated by a form known as "Albemarle cord-marked", which represents nearly two-thirds of potsherds found in the shelter.[2]: 78 Meanwhile, the shapes of the surviving lithic flakes (small pieces with almost no cores) appears to indicate that toolmaking done in the shelter consisted of refining rough work that had been performed elsewhere.[2]: 80
The site's archaeological value is so significant that it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 1985, together with 44-AU-154 and the Blackrock Springs Site.[1]
References
- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Foss, Robert Ward. Man and Mountain: An Archaeological Overview of the Shenandoah National Park. Thesis U of Virginia, 1977.
- ^ "Virginia Landmarks Register". Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Retrieved 2013-05-12.
