2016–2017 Kashmir unrest: Difference between revisions
Undid revision 801411509 by Mfarazbaig (talk) per WP:NPOV |
Mfarazbaig (talk | contribs) per WP:INFOBOXFLAG and WP:NPOV |
||
Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
'''Alleged support''': |
'''Alleged support''': |
||
{{flag|Pakistan}} |
|||
* [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (funding support/Indian claim)<ref name=IndiatodayISI/> |
* [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (funding support/Indian claim)<ref name=IndiatodayISI/> |
||
| leadfigures1 = [[Narendra Modi]] ([[Prime Minister of India]])<br /> [[Rajnath Singh]] ([[Home Minister of India]])<br/>[[Mehbooba Mufti]] ([[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]])<br/>[[Nirmal Kumar Singh]] ([[Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]])<br/>K. Rajendra Kumar ([[Director General of Police|Director General of Jammu and Kashmir Police]] till 2016)<br/> [[Shesh Paul Vaid|S.P. Vaid]] ([[Director General of Police|Director General of Jammu and Kashmir Police]] since 2017)<ref name="Vaid_BurhanAftermath_Ref1">{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/kashmir-after-burhan-wani/2016/12/29/sp-vaid-dgp-tackled-post-burhan-wani-unrest-to-be-new-jammu-and-kashmir-police-chief-hizbul-mujahideen-curfew-hurriyat |title=SP Vaid, Who Tackled Post-Wani Unrest, to Be New J&K Police Chief |date=29 December 2016 |work=TheQuint |accessdate=29 December 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230145748/https://www.thequint.com/kashmir-after-burhan-wani/2016/12/29/sp-vaid-dgp-tackled-post-burhan-wani-unrest-to-be-new-jammu-and-kashmir-police-chief-hizbul-mujahideen-curfew-hurriyat |archivedate=30 December 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Vaid_BurhanAftermath_Ref2">{{cite web|url=http://www.jknewsservice.in/2016/12/28/saloora-congratulates-new-dgp-expects-massive-improvement-in-the-performance-of-jkp/ |title=Saloora congratulates new DGP, expects massive improvement in the performance of JKP |date=28 December 2016 |work=JK NEWS SERVICE |accessdate=28 December 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103154734/http://www.jknewsservice.in/2016/12/28/saloora-congratulates-new-dgp-expects-massive-improvement-in-the-performance-of-jkp/ |archivedate=3 January 2017 }}</ref><br>K. Durga Prasad ([[Director General]] of CRPF)<br/>D.S. Hooda (Chief of [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] of Indian Army) |
| leadfigures1 = [[Narendra Modi]] ([[Prime Minister of India]])<br /> [[Rajnath Singh]] ([[Home Minister of India]])<br/>[[Mehbooba Mufti]] ([[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]])<br/>[[Nirmal Kumar Singh]] ([[Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]])<br/>K. Rajendra Kumar ([[Director General of Police|Director General of Jammu and Kashmir Police]] till 2016)<br/> [[Shesh Paul Vaid|S.P. Vaid]] ([[Director General of Police|Director General of Jammu and Kashmir Police]] since 2017)<ref name="Vaid_BurhanAftermath_Ref1">{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/kashmir-after-burhan-wani/2016/12/29/sp-vaid-dgp-tackled-post-burhan-wani-unrest-to-be-new-jammu-and-kashmir-police-chief-hizbul-mujahideen-curfew-hurriyat |title=SP Vaid, Who Tackled Post-Wani Unrest, to Be New J&K Police Chief |date=29 December 2016 |work=TheQuint |accessdate=29 December 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230145748/https://www.thequint.com/kashmir-after-burhan-wani/2016/12/29/sp-vaid-dgp-tackled-post-burhan-wani-unrest-to-be-new-jammu-and-kashmir-police-chief-hizbul-mujahideen-curfew-hurriyat |archivedate=30 December 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Vaid_BurhanAftermath_Ref2">{{cite web|url=http://www.jknewsservice.in/2016/12/28/saloora-congratulates-new-dgp-expects-massive-improvement-in-the-performance-of-jkp/ |title=Saloora congratulates new DGP, expects massive improvement in the performance of JKP |date=28 December 2016 |work=JK NEWS SERVICE |accessdate=28 December 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103154734/http://www.jknewsservice.in/2016/12/28/saloora-congratulates-new-dgp-expects-massive-improvement-in-the-performance-of-jkp/ |archivedate=3 January 2017 }}</ref><br>K. Durga Prasad ([[Director General]] of CRPF)<br/>D.S. Hooda (Chief of [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] of Indian Army) |
||
Line 55: | Line 54: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
The '''2016–17 unrest in Kashmir''', also known as the '''Burhan aftermath''', refers to a series of violent protests in the [[Kashmir Valley]] of the Indian |
The '''2016–17 unrest in Kashmir''', also known as the '''Burhan aftermath''', refers to a series of violent protests in the [[Kashmir Valley]] of the Indian-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir]]. It started with the killing of [[Burhan Muzaffar Wani|Burhan Wani]], a commander of the Kashmir-based Islamic militant organisation [[Hizbul Mujahideen]],<ref>[http://mha.nic.in/uniquepage.asp?id_pk=292] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129051543/http://mha.nic.in/uniquepage.asp?id_pk=292 |date=29 January 2013 }}</ref> by Indian security forces on 8 July 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/burhan-muzaffar-wani-hizbul-mujahideen-dead-killed-death-jk-2902044/|title=Hizbul Mujahideen 'poster boy' Burhan Wani killed in joint encounter|author=|date=8 July 2016|work=indianexpress.com}}</ref> After his killing, anti-Indian protests started in all 10 districts of the Kashmir Valley. Protesters defied curfew with attacks on security forces and public properties.<ref name="IndianExpress1"/><ref name="NDTV1"/> |
||
Curfew was imposed in all 10 districts of the valley on 15 July and mobile services were suspended by the government.<ref name="TOI1"/> Kashmir valley remained under 53 days of consecutive curfew which was lifted from all areas on 31 August,<ref name="DH">{{cite news|title=Curfew lifted from Valley, one killed in clash in Sopore|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/567874/curfew-lifted-valley-one-killed.html|accessdate=31 August 2016|agency=Press Trust of India|date=31 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="TH">{{cite news|title=One killed, 100 injured in Valley|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/authorities-lift-curfew-in-kashmir-valley-as-clashes-erupt-in-some-places/article9054322.ece|author=Peerzada Ashiq|accessdate=31 August 2016|date=31 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="GKCurfew">{{cite news|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/story/227253.html|title=Curfew lifted from entire Kashmir valley, says Div Com|publisher=Greater Kashmir|date=31 August 2016|accessdate=31 August 2016}}</ref> however was reimposed in some areas the next day.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/curfew-imposed-in-three-areas-of-kashmir-valley-separatists-continue-shutdown-3007452/|title=Curfew imposed in three areas of Kashmir Valley, separatists continue shutdown|date=2016-09-01|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2017-05-30|language=en-US}}</ref> Jammu and Kashmir Police and Indian paramilitary forces used [[pellet (air gun)|pellet guns]], [[tear gas]] shells, [[rubber bullet]]s, as well as [[assault rifles]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Protests intensify in Indian Kashmir, security forces kill five|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-kashmir-idUSKCN10R0VQ|accessdate=17 August 2016|agency=Reuters|date=16 August 2016|quote=The latest casualties came as security forces opened fire with automatic rifles, a step up from their earlier use of shotguns, whose pellets are meant to incapacitate but not kill.}}</ref> resulting in the deaths of more than 90 civilians,<ref name="greaterkashmir1"/><ref name="Greater Kashmir">{{cite news|title=Day 85 Toll 92: Hit by pellets on Sep 15, Budgam youth succumbs at SKIMS|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/front-page/day-85-toll-92-hit-by-pellets-on-sep-15-budgam-youth-succumbs-at-skims/229856.html|accessdate=27 January 2017|publisher=[[Greater Kashmir]]|date=October 1, 2016}}</ref><ref name="The Nation Pakistan">{{cite news|title=Indian troops kill three suspected separatists in Kashmir|url=http://nation.com.pk/international/24-Jan-2017/indian-troops-kill-three-suspected-separatists-in-kashmir|accessdate=27 January 2017|agency=AFP|publisher=[[The Nation (Pakistan)]]|date=January 24, 2017|ref=The incident sparked months of anti-India unrest which left more than 90 civilians dead.}}</ref><ref name="firstpost1"/><ref name="The New York Times">{{cite news|title=Kashmir Is Paralyzed by an ‘Adored’ Band of Militants|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/15/world/asia/kashmir-india-pakistan-militants.html|accessdate=4 January 2017|publisher=The New York Times|date=14 November 2016|ref=Seventy-six people have been killed in the violence, the police in Kashmir say, while local activists put the toll at closer to 100.}}</ref> with over 15,000 civilians injured and as the result of pellet guns, many people also got blind.<ref name="greaterkashmir.com">{{cite news|last1=Akmali|first1=Mukeet|title=After 15000 injuries, Govt to train forces in pellet guns|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/front-page/after-15000-injuries-govt-to-train-forces-in-pellet-guns/239453.html|accessdate=27 January 2017|publisher=[[Greater Kashmir]]|date=January 23, 2017}}</ref> Two security personnel also died<ref name=DNA2907>{{cite news| url= http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-kashmir-2309-civilians-and-3550-security-personnel-injured-so-far-in-2016-2238636 | title=Kashmir: 2,309 civilians and 3,550 security personnel injured so far in 2016 |publisher=[[Daily News & Analysis]] | date=29 July 2016 | accessdate=30 July 2016}}</ref> while over 4,000 personnel were injured in the riots.<ref name="TOI11000"/> |
Curfew was imposed in all 10 districts of the valley on 15 July and mobile services were suspended by the government.<ref name="TOI1"/> Kashmir valley remained under 53 days of consecutive curfew which was lifted from all areas on 31 August,<ref name="DH">{{cite news|title=Curfew lifted from Valley, one killed in clash in Sopore|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/567874/curfew-lifted-valley-one-killed.html|accessdate=31 August 2016|agency=Press Trust of India|date=31 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="TH">{{cite news|title=One killed, 100 injured in Valley|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/authorities-lift-curfew-in-kashmir-valley-as-clashes-erupt-in-some-places/article9054322.ece|author=Peerzada Ashiq|accessdate=31 August 2016|date=31 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="GKCurfew">{{cite news|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/story/227253.html|title=Curfew lifted from entire Kashmir valley, says Div Com|publisher=Greater Kashmir|date=31 August 2016|accessdate=31 August 2016}}</ref> however was reimposed in some areas the next day.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/curfew-imposed-in-three-areas-of-kashmir-valley-separatists-continue-shutdown-3007452/|title=Curfew imposed in three areas of Kashmir Valley, separatists continue shutdown|date=2016-09-01|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2017-05-30|language=en-US}}</ref> Jammu and Kashmir Police and Indian paramilitary forces used [[pellet (air gun)|pellet guns]], [[tear gas]] shells, [[rubber bullet]]s, as well as [[assault rifles]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Protests intensify in Indian Kashmir, security forces kill five|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-kashmir-idUSKCN10R0VQ|accessdate=17 August 2016|agency=Reuters|date=16 August 2016|quote=The latest casualties came as security forces opened fire with automatic rifles, a step up from their earlier use of shotguns, whose pellets are meant to incapacitate but not kill.}}</ref> resulting in the deaths of more than 90 civilians,<ref name="greaterkashmir1"/><ref name="Greater Kashmir">{{cite news|title=Day 85 Toll 92: Hit by pellets on Sep 15, Budgam youth succumbs at SKIMS|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/front-page/day-85-toll-92-hit-by-pellets-on-sep-15-budgam-youth-succumbs-at-skims/229856.html|accessdate=27 January 2017|publisher=[[Greater Kashmir]]|date=October 1, 2016}}</ref><ref name="The Nation Pakistan">{{cite news|title=Indian troops kill three suspected separatists in Kashmir|url=http://nation.com.pk/international/24-Jan-2017/indian-troops-kill-three-suspected-separatists-in-kashmir|accessdate=27 January 2017|agency=AFP|publisher=[[The Nation (Pakistan)]]|date=January 24, 2017|ref=The incident sparked months of anti-India unrest which left more than 90 civilians dead.}}</ref><ref name="firstpost1"/><ref name="The New York Times">{{cite news|title=Kashmir Is Paralyzed by an ‘Adored’ Band of Militants|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/15/world/asia/kashmir-india-pakistan-militants.html|accessdate=4 January 2017|publisher=The New York Times|date=14 November 2016|ref=Seventy-six people have been killed in the violence, the police in Kashmir say, while local activists put the toll at closer to 100.}}</ref> with over 15,000 civilians injured and as the result of pellet guns, many people also got blind.<ref name="greaterkashmir.com">{{cite news|last1=Akmali|first1=Mukeet|title=After 15000 injuries, Govt to train forces in pellet guns|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/front-page/after-15000-injuries-govt-to-train-forces-in-pellet-guns/239453.html|accessdate=27 January 2017|publisher=[[Greater Kashmir]]|date=January 23, 2017}}</ref> Two security personnel also died<ref name=DNA2907>{{cite news| url= http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-kashmir-2309-civilians-and-3550-security-personnel-injured-so-far-in-2016-2238636 | title=Kashmir: 2,309 civilians and 3,550 security personnel injured so far in 2016 |publisher=[[Daily News & Analysis]] | date=29 July 2016 | accessdate=30 July 2016}}</ref> while over 4,000 personnel were injured in the riots.<ref name="TOI11000"/> |
Revision as of 14:41, 19 September 2017
The 2016–17 unrest in Kashmir, also known as the Burhan aftermath, refers to a series of violent protests in the Kashmir Valley of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. It started with the killing of Burhan Wani, a commander of the Kashmir-based Islamic militant organisation Hizbul Mujahideen,[27] by Indian security forces on 8 July 2016.[28] After his killing, anti-Indian protests started in all 10 districts of the Kashmir Valley. Protesters defied curfew with attacks on security forces and public properties.[29][30]
Curfew was imposed in all 10 districts of the valley on 15 July and mobile services were suspended by the government.[31] Kashmir valley remained under 53 days of consecutive curfew which was lifted from all areas on 31 August,[32][33][34] however was reimposed in some areas the next day.[35] Jammu and Kashmir Police and Indian paramilitary forces used pellet guns, tear gas shells, rubber bullets, as well as assault rifles,[36] resulting in the deaths of more than 90 civilians,[17][18][19][20][21] with over 15,000 civilians injured and as the result of pellet guns, many people also got blind.[22] Two security personnel also died[37] while over 4,000 personnel were injured in the riots.[16]
Some columnists including Prem Shankar Jha have termed the unrest as Kashmir’s Intifada.[38][39][40]
Background
In late 2015 and early 2016, observers of Kashmir reported growth in home-grown Islamic militancy and radicalization of the Kashmiri Muslim population. Several reasons for the growth have been cited such as the absence of a political dialogue, the lack of economic opportunities, frustration due to high unemployment, excessive militarization of the public space and repeated human rights violations by the security forces.[1][2]
According to scholar-journalist Haris Zargar, the increasing radicalization represented a counter-reaction to the shaping of the nationalist identity in India based on its rising middle class and Hindu nationalism. The rise of forceful Hindu nationalism affected how Kashmiri Muslims viewed the Indian state and reshaped their Kashmiri Muslim identity. The communal polarization in India and the violence targeting Muslims are widely discussed in Kashmiri homes.[1][2][3]
In the 2014 Indian general election, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won a majority in the Lower House of the Indian Parliament. Narendra Modi became the prime minister. In the state Legislative Assembly elections in the same year the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) won a majority of the seats in the Kashmir region and the BJP won the majority of seats in the Jammu region. Even though both parties campaigned against each other, they joined together to form a coalition government, with Mufti Mohammad Sayeed becoming the chief minister. Following his death in 2016, his daughter Mehbooba Mufti took over as chief minister (first woman chief minister in region). The joining together of the two parties led to the perception of a shrinking political space. It is said to have formed the "final straw" in the people's disaffection.[2][4][5][41]
The militant wing commanded by Burhan Wani, part of the Islamic militant organisation, Hizbul Mujahideen, has been dubbed "new-age militancy". It has been designated as a terrorist organization. It has recruited local youth, educated and middle-class, who are conversant with social media and not afraid to reveal their identities. They have achieved an immense popularity among the Kashmiri population. When Waseem Malla and Naseer Ahmad Pandit, two of Burhan's associates were killed by security forces, tens of thousands of local Kashmiris came to attend the funeral and the funeral rites had to be repeated six times to allow all the mourners to participate.[3] Some of the youths who recently became militants had campaigned for PDP during the general elections in 2014.[41] According to PDP leader Muzaffar Hussain Baigh the killing of Burhan Wani was against supreme court rule, he was quoted saying, "To my knowledge and reports, the operation in which Burhan was killed was against a ruling of the Supreme Court. A constitution bench of the apex court, consisting of five judges and headed by chief justice, has given the judgment about the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) while carrying out operations even when AFSPA is in force".[42]
Operation against Burhan
On 8 July 2016, Burhan Wani was killed in a planned operation by the Jammu and Kashmir Police and the Rashtriya Rifles. Following a tip-off that Wani was planning to come down from the Tral forest for Eid celebrations, he and two associates were cornered in the Kokernag area. According to police officials, after an exchange of fire, the house in which the militants were holed up was bombed, killing all three militants.[43][44] However, eyewitnesses have stated that the three militants were shot down while trying to escape.[45]
According to a police official, there were misgivings within the security establishment against killing Wani owing to his popularity, but they were not heeded by the authorities. Wani left home to become a militant at age 15 after an incident with the police that humiliated him. The Kashmiri youth angered by the "never-ending militarization" of the Valley were drawn to him and his constant presence on social media made him a household name.[44]
Journalist Fahad Shah stated that, with Wani's killing, the situation in Kashmir entered a period of "amplified instability". At Wani's funeral, an estimated 200,000 people came to mourn him, some of them from remote parts of the valley. Forty back-to-back funeral prayers were offered as well as a 21-gun salute by militants. Protesters had been demonstrating against his killing and continuous incidents of stone-pelting have been reported since the news of his death.[46][47][a]
Timeline of unrest
2016
July
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kashmir_2016c.png/300px-Kashmir_2016c.png)
After the news of Burhan's death spread, protests erupted in some areas of Kashmir Valley. Curfew-like restrictions were imposed in some places in South Kashmir during the night, and internet services in many areas were suspended. Hurriyat chairman Syed Ali Shah Geelani and Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front chairman Yasin Malik called for a strike to protest against the killing of Wani. Geelani, along with other separatist leaders including Asiya Andrabi and Mirwaiz Umar Farooq, called for a three-day shutdown in Kashmir to protest against the killing.[29][49] The shutdown was repeatedly extended into August by the end of the month.[50][51][52][53]
Violent clashes broke out in response to Burhan's killing on 9 July in some areas. Over 20 police stations were attacked by mobs who stole weapons from the stations and fired upon the security forces. Stone pelting was reported from many parts of Kashmir,[30] including transit camps of Kashmiri Pandits. Train services and the pilgrimage to Amarnath Temple were suspended. All state board exams were postponed, while the Srinagar Jammu National Highway was shut to traffic.[54][55] By the end of the day, over 200 people were injured and 11 protesters were killed.[56][57] By 10 July, more than 20 were confirmed to have died during the unrest. More than 300 CRPF personnel were reported to have been injured.[58][59] In addition, many vehicles and buildings belonging to security forces were attacked during the day with a number of them being set ablaze. Some suspected militants hiding among protesters also threw grenades at the security personnel.[58][60]
Two policemen also died in July during the unrest. One of them died on 9 July when a mob attacked and pushed his mobile bunker into the waters of Jhelum river. Another died on 24 July, having succumbed to the injuries he received in an attack on a police station by stone-pelters on 15 July.[14][15]
On the night of 12 July, about 200–300 Kashmiri Pandit employees fled the transit camps in Kashmir due to the constant attacks by protesters. Over 1300 government employees belonging to the community fled the region during the unrest.[61][62][63] 800 personnel of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) meanwhile were sent to Kashmir in addition to the 1,200 already sent on 9 July to aid the state's police.[64]
On 15 July, curfew was imposed in all districts of Kashmir and mobile phone networks were suspended.[31] Also on the same day, the separatists extended the call for shutdown till 18 July.[65] Re-opening of schools and colleges in Kashmir was postponed due to the unrest.[66] The government announced on the same day that it was sending 2,000 additional CRPF personnel to Kashmir.[67]
The law-and-order situation in the valley had started to improve by 24 July. In view of this, curfew was lifted from four districts and parts of Srinagar city, with Section 144 of Code of Criminal Procedure still remaining in force.[68][69] By 26 July, it was lifted from all areas of the region except Anantnag.[70]
Protests erupted in many areas after the lifting of the curfew, which was reimposed a day later in Kulgam district, Anantnag and some parts of Srinagar in view of the march called by separatists.[71] It was later reimposed in Pulwama district and Shopian district as well.[72]
On 29 July, violent clashes broke out in several places, with over 130 people reported injured. 70 incidents of stone-pelting were reported, including attacks on army camps. During the protests, a government building in Rafiabad and an animal husbandry office in Shopian were set on fire, and a grenade lobbed in Shopian.[73][74] On 30 July, the cavalcade of state Education Minister Naeem Akhtar, who was traveling with MLC Yashir Reshi, was pelted with stones by crowds who were later dispersed at Dangerpora and Shilwat.[75]
August
On 1 August in Srinagar, protesters attacked state Education Minister Naeem Akhtar's residence with petrol bombs. Akhtar and his family were not present at the time.[76] The cavalcade of Law and Rural Development Minister Abdul Haq was attacked with stones by protesters in Tangdhar area managed to escape the attack unhurt.[77] A mob attacked the vehicle of the Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) of Ramban with stones and set it ablaze on the national highway near Lethpora. Two protesters were killed in defence by a Personal Security Officer of the ADC who was rescued by the CRPF.[78]
The shutdown was repeatedly extended by separatists into September.[79][80][81][82]
The unrest also started spreading to the Chenab valley region of Jammu Division in August with shutdowns being observed in many towns. Protests against civilian casualties were held in Doda with people shouting pro-freedom slogans.[83][84] On 5 August curfew was imposed in several places in view of the march called by separatists who were arrested. Three people were killed and 674 injured during violent clashes that erupted after Friday prayers.[85][86]
The separatists asked Kashmiris to observe a "black day" on 15 August on 11 August. Curfew was extended in several parts of Kashmir the next day in view of the call given by separatists to people for marching to the Eidgah on 13 and 14 August.[87][88] The next day after Friday prayers, violent protests erupted in several cities, during which hundreds of people were injured.[89][90] Protests after Friday prayers also took place in Doda against the civilian deaths in Kashmir. Many were injured in the clashes that broke out, with police and protesters blaming each other. The Seerat committee called for a three-day shutdown against alleged police action.[91][92]
Most parts of Kashmir were placed under curfew on 13 August in view of the weekend protests called by separatists.[93]
On Pakistan's Independence Day, flags of Pakistan were hoisted at many places across Kashmir and pro-Pakistan rallies were carried out, with dozens of people reported injured when security personnel tried to disperse them.[94] Separatist leader Asiya Andrabi was injured along with many other protesters while leading a women-only rally in Tral when security personnel lobbed teargas shells to disperse them.[95][96][97]
On 16 August, five protesters were killed due to firing by security personnel in clashes with security forces and protesters blaming each other.[98][99][100]
On 17 August, a march called by the separatists to the office of UNMOGIP, in Srinagar, was stopped by security forces.[101][102] On the same day, the house of the MLA of Shopian, Mohammed Yousuf Bhat, was attacked by a mob.[103][104]
On 21 August, a youth was killed after being hit by a teargas shell in Srinagar while over 70 people were injured in protests across the region, including about 60 people in a village of Rafiabad Tehsil. Pro-freedom rallies were held at Anantnag, Shopian and Pulwama, with 40,000 people attending a rally in a Shopian village addressed by separatists including Geelani.[105][106][107] The Border Security Force (BSF) was removed from counter-insurgency operations and deployed to maintain law and order in Srinagar for the first time in 12 years on 22 August.[108][109] On 23 August, two special police officers in Sopore resigned from their posts after their houses were attacked by mobs.[110][111]
On 24 August, a youth died after receiving injuries in a clash with the security forces[112][113] while 9 policemen were reportedly injured on the same day when a grenade was lobbed at them from a crowd of protestors in Pulwama.[114]
Curfew was lifted from all parts of Kashmir on 31 August. One person was killed while over 100 were injured in clashes during the day. A police quarters and house of Rajya Sabha member of PDP, Nazir Ahmad Laway were set on fire by protesters in Hanad Chawalgam of Kulgam district.[32][33][34]
September
Curfew was reimposed in most places of the region on 2 September including Srinagar, Badgam, Ganderbal, Bandipora and Handwara.[115][116] The next day, curfew was lifted from most parts it had been reimposed a day earlier, with only some areas of Srinagar remaining under curfew. Meanwhile, a youth was killed in clashes between protesters and security forces in Qazigund.[117] Over 600 people were reported to have been injured during clashes on 4 September with the office of Deputy Commissioner in Shopian being set on fire.[118] On 5 September, a youth who had been wounded a day earlier in the protests, succumbed to his injuries in Sopore. In addition, over 120 people were injured during the day as security forces tried to foil pro-freedom rallies. In Zangalpora village of Kulgam, protesters set a policeman's house on fire.[119][120]
The shutdown was repeatedly extended by the separatists into October.[121][122] On 15 September, the shutdown was extended till 22 September. On 16 September, a protester who had been injured on 9 September, succumbed to his death while over 50 people were injured in clashes during the day including 15 in Dooru village and 20 in Sopore.[123][124][125]
On 7 September, over 250 protesters were injured in clashes with security forces. A Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya school in Kulgam caught fire after teargas shells lobbed by security forces landed inside the school's compound. Meanwhile, a rest house in Chawalgam village of Kulgam was set on fire after protesters hurled petrol bombs at it.[126] Curfew and restrictions on assembly of people were lifted from all parts of the region on the same day,[127] however were reimposed in most parts of Srinagar on 9 September.[128][129] It was however lifted again the very next day.[130] Two protesters were killed on 10 September in clashes.[131]
Curfew was reimposed on 13 September across the entire region in view of the call given by separatists for a march to the UN offices in Kashmir, while helicopters and drones were deployed to keep a watch on the situation. This was the first time in 26 years that curfew had been imposed in the region during Eid al-Adha. Eid congregations were also barred from being held at the Eidgah and Hazratbal Shrine.[132][133] Two protesters were also killed in clashes in clashes with security forces on the same day.[134][135] On 17 September, the body of an 11-year-old boy, who went missing in protests on the previous day in Harwan, was found near a stream at Dachigam National Park and had been hit by pellets. Protests erupted in Harwan and other areas after the news of his death spread woth several people being injured.[136]
On 19 September, curfew was lifted from all areas except some parts of Srinagar in view of the improving situation.[137] A 19-year-old girl died of cardiac arrest during clashes between protesters and security forces in Shopian district while a school in Vehil village of the district was burnt under mysterious circumstances. The police blamed the protesters for setting it on fire, however locals denied the accusation. Another school in Anantnag district was also burnt under mysterious circumstances.[138] Curfew was lifted from all parts of Kashmir on 25 September while the separatists also declared a temporary relaxation in the shutdown.[139]
Curfew was reimposed in Kishtwar after clashes erupted due to arrests of three youths for disturbing law and order.[140] It was lifted two days later, with night curfew remaining in place.[141]
November
On 16 November, separatists announced a full-day relaxation for two days on 19 and 20 November. This is the first such relaxation to occur since the beginning of the unrest.[142]
December
The separatists increased the full-day relaxation to five days on 14 December, calling for shutdown on two days.[143] They also stated on 16 December that they will come up with an annual protest program soon.[144]
2017
February
The separatists called off their strikes in mid-February, including the one scheduled for 24 February as it coincided with the Shivaratri festival celebrated by the Hindu community.[145]
March
On 28 March, in a clash between security forces and protesters during an operation against a militant in Chadoora, 3 civilians were killed and at least 20 others, including the army personnel and police, were injured.[146][147]
April
A by-election for the Srinagar Lok Sabha seat was held, as the previous MP of the constituency, Tariq Hamid Karra of PDP had resigned from the party and parliament in September 2016, accusing the PDP of "surrendering its ideals for power", for its handling of the situation in Kashmir.[148] The separatists called for a boycott of the election, and on 9 April, when the polls for by-election were conducted, violence broke out in the region leading to 8 civilian deaths and over 170 injuries. The voter turnout was recorded to be 7%, which is lowest ever in the past three decades.[149][150] On 14 April, a video went viral that showed a Kashmiri man tied to the front of a army jeep as a human shield.[151][152]
May
On 26 May, clashes were triggered in the Kashmir valley after the killing of Sabzar Bhat, who was formerly an aide of Burhan Wani. A civilian was killed while nearly 100 others were injured in the ensuing clashes. The authorities immediately blocked mobile and broadband internet and imposed curfew like restrictions in all major towns including Srinagar.[153][154] The incidents of stone-pelting continued the next day and were reported from about two dozen places.[155] On 28 May, JKLF chairman Yasin Malik was arrested from his residence and shifted to central jail in Srinagar.[156] On 31 May, train services were resumed after remaining suspended for security reasons since 27 May.[157]
June
On 2 June, intense clashes erupted in Anantnag as youth expressing their anger at Bhat's killing pelted stones on government forces deployed in old town. The security forces responded by firing tear gas shells.[158] On 9 June, the authorities cut off hi-speed mobile internet services in Kashmir as the separatist Hurriyat called for a shutdown after a civilian was killed on 6 June by security forces' firing on people protesting a cordon-and-search operation in Shopian district.[159]
August
On 1 August, Abu Dujana was killed in Hakripora village in south Kashmir in a military operation. The state authorities ordered closure of all educational institutions across Kashmir, blocked mobile internet and decided to lockdown urban areas of the Valley, to prevent public protests.[160] In response, the people staged massive protest outside District Hospital Pulwama while government forces resorted to firing which resulted in many being injured. Later, thousands of people participated in funeral of his associate Arif Nabi in Lelhar village amid pro-freedom slogans.[160]
On 14 August, Dukhtaran-e-Millat hoisted Pakistani flags in Srinagar on the occasion of Pakistan's 70th Independence Day.[161][162] The Pakistani flag was hoisted on mobile telephony towers and tall buildings at many places. The police registered a case against "people who uploaded and shared a 'seditious' video on social networking websites" that showed a parade and hoisting of the Pakistan flag in Kashmir Valley.[163][164]
Casualties
More than 100 people including 2 policemen have died during the unrest.[165][18][166][20][167][168][169] Over 19,000 people including more than 15,000 civilians[22][170][16] as well as 4,000 security personnel have been injured in the unrest.[16] According to local doctors, at least 117 civilians were likely to lose their eyesight as a result of injuries caused by buckshot blasts.[171] Three policemen went missing on 9 July and one was killed on 10 July during protests in Anantnag district when a mob pushed his vehicle into the Jhelum river. Another policeman died on 24 July, succumbing to injuries received on 15 July during an attack on a police station in Kulgam.[15][172] Two of the missing policemen were later traced by the state police and were found to have become incommunicado after mobile services were cut. Security forces were not able to find the third policeman, or a large cache of arms that went missing after a police station in south Kashmir was immolated.[173] On 18 September 2016, 18 Indian Army soldiers were killed during an attack by militants in Uri. The target was a Brigade headquarters.[174]
Use of pellet guns
Indian security forces trying to control the Kashmiri agitators have used pellet guns, which, although billed as "non-lethal", led to a high number of casualties including permanent eye injuries.[175][176] In total during the 2016 uprising, 10 civilians were killed by pellet gunfire.[177]
Seventy-seven people were injured, with two killed and many losing their eyesight,[178] between 8–12 July 2016.[179] Due to the medical emergency in Kashmir, there was a shortage of eye specialists who could treat the injured lying in Kashmiri hospitals.[180] In Shri Maharaja Hari Singh (SMHS) Hospital of Srinagar, over 200 patients were admitted by 13 July with the same problem.[181] A five-year-old, Zohra Zahoor, had pellet wounds in her legs, forehead and abdomen, and is one of the youngest victims from the region; she was admitted to a hospital in Srinagar.[182] Human Rights Watch strongly condemned the use of pellet guns on protesters and called it a failure of the authorities to respect basic human rights.[183] According to a Sky News report, the Indian paramilitary fired up to 3,800 cartridges between July and August, each containing 450 metallic balls, totaling up to 1.7 million pellets.[184]
A team of three eye-specialists from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi, headed by ophthalmologist Prof Sudarshan K. Kumar, reached Kashmir to help the local doctors in treating the pellet gun injuries. After watching the condition of patients in the hospital, they described it as a "war-like situation". By 22 July, the SMHS Hospital has received at least 182 patients with eye injuries, mostly due to pellets with more than 137 eye surgeries having taken place.[185][186] Another team of three eye-specialists, led by renowned ophthalmologist Sundaram Natarajan of Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai, organized by Adhik Kadam of Borderless World Foundation[187][188] arrived in the region on 26 July to treat eye injuries caused by the pellets and performed over 40 retinal surgeries in 3 days.[189] By 28 August, 570 people injured by the guns had been treated in the SMHS hospital[190] and 425 eye surgeries were performed.[191] About 3,000 civilians have been injured due to pellet guns as of 24 August.[192]
Events
Media blackout
On 9 July, mobile internet services were suspended in Kashmir as well as in Jammu region to prevent the rumor-mongering.[193][194] On 16 July, the Jammu and Kashmir government imposed a press emergency. The police raided the newspaper installations and seized copies of newspapers and printing plates. They said that, in view of the curfew, movement of newspaper staff and the distribution of newspapers would not be possible "for a few days". Landline and mobile telephone services were cut off, except for the lines of a government-owned company, BSNL. Internet services remained suspended. Cable television was also shut off, ostensibly to stop Pakistani channels from being broadcast.[195][196][197][198]
On 19 July, Chief Minister Mehbooba Mufti denied that there was a ban on newspapers,[199] and her adviser Amitabh Mattoo hinted that the decision might have been taken at the "local level". Mattoo also declared that newspapers would be able to print from 19 July.[200] However, the newspapers refused to publish on Tuesday, claiming there were uncertainties about the restrictions. One editor also asked the government to "own the ban" and issue a statement guaranteeing that the media would not be hampered.[201] The chief minister held a meeting with the Srinagar-based newspaper editors, expressing regret for the restrictions and assuring them that their work would not be hampered. Following this, the newspapers went to press on Wednesday, delivering them on Thursday.[202] The senior superintendent of police of Budgam district Fayaz Ahamad Lone was held responsible for raiding the press and transferred.[201]
Mobile internet was restored in Jammu on 26 July.[203] Mobile telephone services were restored on 27 July for most of the postpaid and some of the prepaid numbers in Kashmir.[204] Mobile internet was suspended again in Jammu on 5 August in view of the growing unrest in Chenab valley however they were restored later in the same day.[205][206] Mobile telephone services in Kashmir were suspended again on 11 August.[207] In addition, all broadband services were suspended in Kashmir on 13 August resulting in Internet being completely cut off in the region.[208][209] Broadband internet was restored on 18 August.[210] Mobile services were again partially restored in Kashmir on 20 August.[211][212]
On 12 September, the state government ordered suspension of all internet services and mobile phone services in Kashmir excluding postpaid connections of BSNL for a period of 72 hours.[213]
In April 2017, the state authorities banned 22 social media sites for one-month period in an effort to calm tensions in the disputed region after videos depicting the alleged abuse of Kashmiris by Indian forces emerged.[214]
Newspaper ban
Kashmir Reader, a prominent English newspaper which is published in Srinagar, was indefinitely banned by the state authorities on September 30. It was asked to stop publication on the evening of Sunday, October 2.[215][216][217] The daily was accused of publishing material that "tends to incite acts of violence" and “disturb public peace and tranquility”.[218] Human rights group Amnesty International said the ban was a "setback to free speech" and called on authorities to revoke the order.[219] The "order does not specifically mention any news items in Kashmir Reader that incited violence," said Aakar Patel, Executive Director, Amnesty International India.[220] On 28 December, the newspaper resumed publication after the government lifted the ban after nearly three months.[221]
Arrest of human rights activist
Khurram Parvez, a prominent Kashmiri human rights activist, was first stopped by Indian authorities at New Delhi airport on 14 September to prevent him from attending the UN Human Rights Council session in Geneva.[222] Parvez was later arrested on 15 September by Indian officials from his home in Srinagar.[223] On 21 September, a day after a sessions court ordered his release, Khurram Parvez had been detained a second time under Public Safety Act (PSA).[224][225] After 76 days of detention,[226] on 30 November he was finally released from prison following the orders[227] of Jammu and Kashmir High Court.[228]
Action against security personnel
Fayaz Ahamad Lone, the senior superintendent of police (SSP) of Budgam district who had ordered the police forces to raid press offices and stop the publication of newspapers, was transferred to the State Disaster Response Fund as a commandant.[201] Two officers were later transferred from South Kashmir, which has been most affected by the violent protests: the deputy inspector general of police in South Kashmir and the senior superintendent of police in Anantnag.[229]
The SSP in Srinagar was directed on 19 July by a local court to register a case against a deputy superintendent of police (DSP) and other police personnel for allegedly murdering an innocent youth after breaking into his house during the unrest on 10 July. It also ordered that the case could not be investigated by anyone below the rank of DSP.[230] Instead of registering a case against the DSP, the state police registered a case against the youth over various offenses and alleged that he was leading a procession on the day he was killed. The court rejected the argument and ordered the SSP to register a case against the DSP within a day.[231] A non-bailable warrant was later issued against the SSP for not obeying the court order and registering a case within the allotted time-period.[232] The SSP was produced in the court by the Deputy Inspector General of Police of Central Kashmir and was granted bail while being ordered to file his statement and register the case against the accused DSP[233] A petition against the filing of the report against the DSP was dismissed by the Jammu and Kashmir High Court who directed the Chief Judicial Magistrate of Srinagar to initiate contempt proceedings against the SSP if the report was not registered.[234] The Supreme Court however stayed the contempt proceedings against the SSP as well as the Inspector General of Police in Kashmir on 9 August. [235] The court directed the state government on 12 August to exhume the body of the youth and conduct an autopsy.[236] His autopsy report was submitted to the Supreme Court on 26 September 2016, with the report concluding that he had died due to pellet injuries and not because of a bullet.[237]
A CRPF sub-inspector who shot an ambulance driver on 18 August was suspended the following day over the incident.[238] On 18 August, a probe was ordered into the death of a person who was killed after the raid of the Indian Army in a Khrew village on the same day. D.S. Hooda admitted the next day that the person was beaten to death by soldiers and stated the raid on the village was unsanctioned.[239]
Internet Ban
On 26 April 2017, the State Government directed various Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to block access to 22 Social Networking website in connection with preventing spreading of rumors and maintaining law and order in the state. The order was passed by invoking a British Colonial era legislation, The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 which already had lost it's relevance because in 2014 Indian government stopped all Telegraph Services in the country rendering the legislation as obsolete.[240]
This move has angered the youth of the state and they have resorted to using tools like Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), Web Proxies and other readily available on the internet in attempts to circumvent the ban.
Reactions
India
Reactions of government and politicians
On 9 July, Home Minister Rajnath Singh appealed for people to maintain peace and calm in Kashmir.[241] On 10 July, the state government appealed to all the political parties including the separatists for help in restoring normalcy in the valley. Separatist leader Geelani agreed and asked the Kashmir is to remain "disciplined" while Farooq ridiculed the appeal for help.[242][243] Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir Mehbooba Mufti appealed for calm in the state on 12 July.[244] Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed concern over the unrest in the state and appealed for calm while assuring help to the state government.[245]
The opposition Congress party chairperson Sonia Gandhi expressed deep anguish at the loss of innocent lives. She pointed out the considerable advances made over the last two decades and appealed to Kashmiris to let the political parties find durable ways of fulfilling people's aspirations.[246] Congress also dispatched a fact-finding team made of senior leaders Ambika Soni and Salman Khurshid, who criticised the government for discontinuing the development policies and for the excessive use of force in dealing with protesters. The party has demanded an all-party meet to discuss the Kashmir situation.[5]
Women's activist and CPM party leader Kavita Krishnan termed the killing of Burhan Wani an "extrajudicial killing." She pointed out the Supreme Court decree that required every single encounter to be followed by a FIR and a magisterial enquiry.[247]
On 17 July, Minister of State for External Affairs Vijay Kumar Singh urged people of Kashmir to cooperate with the government and stated that they are being misguided by unwanted elements.[248] On 19 July, Home Minister Rajnath Singh blamed Pakistan for the violence in Kashmir. In a statement to the Rajya Sabha, he said, "Whatever is happening in Kashmir is Pakistan-sponsored. The name is 'Pakistan', but its acts are na-pak (impure)."[249]
An all-party meet involving all political parties of Kashmir was held on 21 July with the aim of building a consensus on measures to restore normalcy. The Jammu & Kashmir National Conference boycotted the meeting, blaming the government for the situation in the valley.[250]
A two-day visit by Singh beginning on 23 July was announced, in which Singh will visit Kashmir in order to try to calm down the situation and review the law and order situation.[251] After arrival he held a meeting with some local entrepreneurs, houseboat owners, Muslim clerics, members of the Sikh community, members of the Kashmiri Pandit community, and civilians. The meeting was boycotted by several trade bodies, with their officials saying that they boycotted the meeting due to killings of civilians and past meetings produced no results. Later in the day, he met Governor Narinder Nath Vohra and Chief Minister Mehbooba Mufti. On the second day he met leaders of various political parties and members of civil society, with the Congress party boycotting the meeting.[252]
Congress leader Sonia Gandhi on 28 July expressed anguish over the loss of lives and injuries in the region while appealing to the people of the valley to maintain calm.[253] The party later critisiced Mufti and for not knowing about Burhan's presence during the encounter and blamed the unrest in the state on her. It also criticised the Union government for continuing talks with Pakistan despite the unrest.[254] Supreme Court of India on 29 July sought a report from the Union Government over the situation in Kashmir while assuring that it will give all possible help to Kashmiri civilians.[255] On 8 August, Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha Ghulam Nabi Azad said the Prime Minister must call an all-party meeting to discuss the situation which should be followed by an all-party delegation to the region.[256]
An all-party conference on the unrest was announced on 10 August along with a visit by an all-party delegation to the region to hold talks with various sections.[257] During the meeting held in New Delhi on 12 August, various suggestions were made for restoration of normalcy. On the suggestion of holding talks with separatists, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said the decision to hold the talks will be taken based upon the prevailing situation.[258][259] Former Home Minister P. Chidambaram on 17 August blamed the state and union government for the unrest in the region which he stated was sliding into chaos.[260][261] A meeting of all opposition political parties in Jammu and Kashmir was held on the same day with resolutions demanding probe into an enquiry by a retired Supreme Court Judge over allegations of use of excessive force, special assembly session on the unrest and the start of a political dialogue with Pakistan about the Kashmir dispute were passed. During the meeting, the participants also decided that a delegation of opposition political parties will meet the President Pranab Mukherjee over the unrest.[262][263]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/PM_Narendra_Modi_with_delegation_of_leaders_from_J%26K_Opposition_Parties_%282%29.jpg/220px-PM_Narendra_Modi_with_delegation_of_leaders_from_J%26K_Opposition_Parties_%282%29.jpg)
On 19 August 2016, former Chief Minister of Kashmir, Farooq Abdullah stated that Indian forces were "unleashing a reign of terror in Kashmir" that would damage India's global reputation.[264] On the same day, the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of India's Northern Command reached out to separatist leaders, stating that their help was required to restore normalcy in the region.[265] In addition, a delegation consisting of opposition parties from the state met the President and requested him to impress upon the union government to initiate a political dialogue with all stakeholders and to acknowledge it as a political issue. They also requested the President to impress upon the government to not to use lethal force against civilians and claimed that instead of the government, it was the opposition parties were taking steps to restore calm while also blaming it for the unrest in the state.[266][267] The delegation also met the Prime Minister on 22 August, submitting a memorandum to him in which it demanded that the central government start a political dialogue with all stakeholders to end the unrest and ban the use of pellet guns.[268][269] During the meeting, Modi expressed concern over the situation in the state and asked all political parties work together to find a "permanent and lasting" solution.[270]
Janata Dal (United) on 21 August advised that an all-party delegation under leadership of the Prime Minister or Home Minister should visit the region and hold talks with mainstream parties for finding a way to restore normalcy.[271] Arun Jaitley on 21 August dubbed stone-throwers as attackers while blaming Pakistan for the unrest and stated that there will be no compromise with people indulging in violence.[272][273]
The Home Minister again visited Kashmir on 24 August to hold a dialogue with various stakeholders.[274][275] On the first day, he took a review of the security situation in a meeting which was attended by top Army, police and state officials. He advised them to use maximum restraint while dealing with protesters and appreciated their efforts in keeping law and order.[276][277] He also held a meeting with delegations of several political parties. Most of the parties demanded resumption of talks initiation talks with separatists. There was also a near unanimous consensus among political parties regarding a ban on use of pellet guns.[276][277] The meeting was boycotted by many trade bodies of the state.[278] Singh also met with state Governor NN Vohra who briefed him about the internal security situation in Kashmir and steps needed to be taken for restoration of normalcy.[279]
The next day, the state's Chief Minister held a press meet along with Singh which she stormed out of after getting upset over allegations of her government's disproportionate use of force while criticing Omar Abdullah's government during the 2010 unrest.[280] Singh promised to look into alternatives to peller guns and also stated that he is willing to talk with separatists.[281] Mufti while meeting with Modi over the unrest on 27 August, called for creating a mechanism of interlocutors to hold talks with all stakeholders and blamed Pakistan for fuelling the unrest.[282] The next day, Modi said that unity and compassion were the "twin mantras" for solving the Kashmir issue and critisiced those inciting the youth of the region to violence saying they will have to answer to them someday. He also deplored the loss of life in the unrest, saying that the loss of anyone's life was a loss for the whole country and they should do whatever it takes to restore peace in the region.[283][284] On the same day, Mufti said that talks should be held with anyone willing to reject violence and restore peace in the state while also stating the format of dialogue needs to better than past attempts. She also critisiced people instigating the youth to violence.[285] An announcement regarding an all-party delegation scheduled to visit Kashmir on 4 September was made on 29 August. The delegation was announced to being led by Rajnath Singh with the goal of holding talsk with various sections of the society in order to restore calm in the region.[286] During a press conference with United States Secretary of Defense Ash Carter on 30 August, Indian Defense Minister Manohar Parrikar commented on the unrest stating a small percentage of people were holding the majority "at ransom" in the valley.[287]
The all-party delegation that arrived on 4 September met various representatives on its first day of visit. The separatists refused to meet the delegation, while Mufti wrote a letter inviting them for talking with the delegation. A delegation of the ruling party that met the all-part delegation stated that there was an "urgent need to initiate a result-oriented dialogue to solve the Kashmir issue".[288] A delegation of National Conference stated in a memorandum to the all-party delegation that the frequent unrests in Kashmir was due to a sense of alienation among Kashmiris that arose due to the Union government's refusal to address the injustices meted out to them in the name of national interest and integration.[289] On the same day, Mufti commented that there was a need for unconditional dialogue with all stakeholders.[290] Some members of the delegation tried to meet some of the separatist leaders who however refused to talk to them excluding Mirwaiz Umar Farooq who briefly talked with All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen leader Asaduddin Owaisi. According to Owaisi, Farooq had told him that the separatists had decided not to hold talks because the government was not serious about political dialogue.[288][290] Rajnath Singh critisiced the separatists for not talking with the members saying they did not believe in Kashmiriyat, Insaniyat (humanity) and Jamhooriyat (democracy). The visit of the all-party delegation concluded on 5 September. In its two-day visit, it met with over 30 delegations comprising over 300 members representing various sections of the Kashmiri society.[291][292]
21 Sufi clerics met Singh on 6 September and requested his permission to carry out an "Aman Yatra" in Kashmir and hold talks with the locals. The clerics also stated that no dialogue should be held with separatists and alleged Pakistan was being behind the unrest.[293] On 7 September, the all-party delegation that had visited Kashmir asked the Central government to hold talks with all stakeholders however stated that there could be no compromise on the issue of national sovereignty.[294] On 10 September, National Conference expressed grief over the deaths of protesters and stated that the situation was worsening with every passing day. It alleged that the Chief Minister of the State was being insensitive and ruthless.[295][296]
On 11 September, Rajnath Singh directed the security forces crack down on all those who were instigating the youth in the region in order to restore normalcy.[297]
Reports
In March 2017, India Today, after conducting an investigative operation in the Valley, has reported that the stone-pelters stated they are paid for protesting though couldn't disclose their identity. India Today interviewed five protesters from Baramulla district who confessed on camera that they are paid an amount of Rs 5,000-Rs 7,000 a month and are also provided with clothes and shoes. One of them also said that separate funds are given for making petrol bombs. They refused to disclose the identity of the financiers.[298]
In April 2017, a report by Indian Intelligence Bureau (IB) has stated that an uprising was planned in the Valley by Pakistan much before July 2016, and that Burhan Wani's encounter helped the Pakistan's intelligence agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) ignite rebellion across the Valley. The IB report said that ISI supplied Rs 800 crore to Kashmiri separatist leaders including Syed Ali Shah Geelani and Asiya Andrabi to fuel unrest in the Valley. As per the report, the funds supplied by the ISI were used to pay off stone-pelters and petrol bomb throwers, and also to propagate anti-India and anti-security forces sentiments in the Valley.[11]
Others
An Indian Army veteran penned an open letter in mid-July, stating that Wani would have died anyway even if he managed to escape as he was a terrorist and all those who conspired to take away Kashmir from India will be met with an iron hand.[299]
South Asia director of Human Rights Watch, Meenakshi Ganguly, said that stone-pelting does not give the police a "free pass" to use force. She pointed out that the main grievance of the protestors is exactly the failure of the authorities to ensure human rights.[46] Writer Arundhati Roy asked for an honest conversation about what kind of azadi (freedom) the Kashmiris are demanding.[300]
Panun Kashmir, an organisation for displaced Kashmiri Pandits said on 22 July that the union government should recognise the "fundamentalist upsurge" in Kashmir and asked it to take immediate steps to prevent it from becoming an "Islamist-controlled territory". It also demanded that the government publish a report detailing attacks on Kashmiri Hindus.[301]
Hurriyat chairman Geelani on 16 July wrote a letter to several international bodies and Heads of States in several countries outlining six measures that the Indian government should take for return of normalcy in the valley: acceptance of Kashmir's disputed status along with right to self-determination, demilitarization of the valley, repealing of AFSPA and the Public Safety Act, release of all political prisoners in Kashmir along with restoration of their right to political activity, allowance to all international human rights and humanitarian organizations for working in the state and ensuring free political space to all parties in the state.[302][303]
A Facebook spat erupted in August 2016 over the unrest between Ruveda Salam, Kashmir's first woman Indian Police Service officer, and Harmeet Singh Mehta, the SP of Sopore after the former criticized the PDP. This led to a series of exchanges between the two.[304]
In a video that went viral on 15 March, Hizbul Mujahideen commander Zakir Rashid Bhat asked the stone-pelters to attack the security forces for the supremacy of Islam and not for nationalism, telling them to check their motives and not fall for nationalism. In the video he stated that he observed that the protesters were mostly fighting for nationalism which was not permitted in Islam. He also criticized the separatist leaders and threatened the local police as well as police informers.[305][306]
Pakistan
On 11 July, Pakistan's Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in a statement expressed "shock" over the killing of Burhan Wani and other civilians by the Indian security forces. He also said that it was "deplorable that excessive and unlawful force was used against the civilians".[307] The Indian government responded by saying that the Pakistan government's view on Wani's killing reflected its association with terrorism and advised it to refrain from interfering in the internal affairs of India.[308] On 13 July, Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff Raheel Sharif condemned the killings of protesters by Indian security forces.[309]
Sharif declared Wani as a "martyr" on 15 July and said 19 July will be held as a "black day" to express solidarity with Kashmiri people. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs in response criticised Pakistan for "glorifying" terrorists belonging to proscribed terrorist organisations.[310][311] The observance of the "black day" was postponed by Pakistan's government to 20 July while 19 July was instead observed as "Kashmir's Accession Day" to Pakistan.[312]
A rally called "Kashmir Caravan" organised by Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JuD) and led by Hafiz Saeed was launched on 19 July at Lahore in support of the freedom demands of the Kashmiri people. Members of various religious organisations are expected to join the rally. The rally's objective during the first phase will be Pakistan's capital Islamabad. During the second phase it is scheduled to reach Muzaffarabad and Chakothi. In the third phase, the rally is planned to cross into Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.[313]
The "black day" was observed by Pakistan's government on 20 July as scheduled. All government officials were directed to wear black arm bands and prayers for Kashmiris were scheduled during the afternoon. In addition, all diplomatic missions of Pakistan were scheduled to hold special ceremonies to highlight the issue and overseas Pakistanis would hold demonstrations outside offices of United Nations around the world. In a special message, Sharif said that India had no option but to accept "defeat" in front of the "freedom wave" in Kashmir.[314]
Sharif declared that Pakistan will approach the United Nations Human Rights Council on behalf of itself and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation to request it to send a fact-finding team over the killings of civilians in Kashmir and banning the use of pellet guns on them.[315] Pakistan's Ambassador to the United Nations Maleeha Lodhi met with UN officials on 19 July in which she briefed them on the situation in Kashmir and forwarded letters by Adviser to the Prime Minister on Foreign Affairs Sartaj Aziz who raised the issue of civilians being killed during the unrest and said that fundamental human rights of Kashmiris were being violated.[316]
A JuD official reported on 25 July that a 30-member medical team of its "Muslim Medical Mission" will apply for visas to India in order to treat the injured Kashmiri civilians and will seek help of Pakistan's government in getting the visas. The mission's president also threatened to hold demonstrations if the Indian government denied visas to it.[317] The Indian Embassy in Islamabad did not allow the team to enter its premises when they went there to apply for visa on 26 July. However, the team was able to apply for visa through the internet and courier.[318] A caravan of the JuD bringing relief material for the Kashmiris was stopped on 2 August by Pakistani security forces at Chakothi. The organisation declared that they would not leave unless India accepted the relief material.[319]
On 1 August, the Parliament of Pakistan unanimously passed a resolution criticising the alleged human rights violations in Kashmir by Indian security forces during the unrest and demanded the UNHRC to send a team to the region to investigate it.[320] On 3 August, ahead of the SAARC Interior Ministers' Conference, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif called the situation "a new wave of freedom movement," and said, "The Kashmiri youth are writing new chapters of sacrifices to get the right to self determination."[321] On 6 August, Pakistan's government also offered to provide medical treatment to people injured in the unrest and requested on the international community to ask the Indian government to allow it to provide treatment to injured Kashmiris[322] which was disparaginly rejected by the Indian government.[323] On 26 August, Sartaj Aziz met ambassadors of United Nations Security Council and European Union. In the meeting, he briefed the ambassadors about the "killings and human rights violations" by Indian security forces in Kashmir and deplored the use of "lethal force" against innocent civilians.[324][325]
On 1 September, Foreign Office Spokesperson Nafees Zakariya stated that Sharif had written another letter to Ban Ki-moon alleging the situation in Kashmir was deteriorating and requested him for sending a fact-finding mission to probe alleged human rights violations in the region.[326][327] On 6 September, Awais Leghari who is a part of the delegation of 22 members of parliament selected to highlight the situation in Kashmir, briefed the presidents of Human Rights Council and International Committee of the Red Cross over the alleged human rights violations committed by Indian security forces in Kashmir during the unrest and spoke out against their use of pellet guns.[328][329] On 7 September, General Raheel Sharif stated that the solution for the Kashmir issue lay in heeding to the voices of the Kashmiris and respecting their aspirations, not in firing bullets upon them. He also alleged that Kashmiris were suffering from "worst form of state terrorism" and "repression".[330]
On 13 September 2016, Nawaz Sharif dedicated the festival of Eid al-Adha to "sacrifices of Kashmiris" and stated that their voices cannot be suppressed through force. President of Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain in a message also stated that people of Kashmiris were atrocities for their demands of self-determination and Pakistanis must support them.[331][332] During his speech at the United Nations General Assembly on 21 September, Nawaz Sharif dubbed Burhan Wani as a "young leader" who had emerged as a symbol of the latest "Kashmiri Intifada" while calling for an independent inquiry into the alleged extrajudicial killings committed by Indian security forces in Kashmir.[333]
On 30 May 2017, the Punjab Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution demanding Pakistan's federal government to immediately take up the issue of violence in Kashmir to the United Nations.[334]
United Nations
United Nations chief Ban Ki-moon conveyed his concern over the Kashmir tense situation as reported by his spokesperson Stephane Dujarric[335][336] and called for maximum restraint from all parties. He also offered mediation between India and Pakistan for solving the Kashmir dispute, provided both countries agreed to his mediation.[337] The United Nations Human Rights Commission requested the Indian government to let it visit Kashmir in order to investigate the alleged human rights abuses, however the request was unanimously rejected during a meeting on the unrest in New Delhi on 12 August by all political parties alleging it to be an interference in the country's internal affairs.[259][338] On 17 August, United Nations' High Commissioner for Human Rights Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad appealed to the Indian and Pakistani governments to allow its observers access to the region.[339] On 12 August, Ban Ki-moon responded to a letter by Pakistani prime minister Nawaz Sharif on the Kashmir situation, stating: "I deplore the loss of life and hope that all efforts will be made to avoid further violence... The United Nations remains convinced that it is only through dialogue that the outstanding issues between Pakistan and India, including on Kashmir, can be addressed."[340] On 13 September, Prince Zeid again requested both the countries to grant unconditional access to observers for probing human rights violations in Kashmir.[341]
United States
Spokesperson John Kirby while briefing the media in Washington on 12 July said that the United States was concerned about the violence in Jammu & Kashmir during which 30 people have been killed by Indian forces.[342][343]
Elizabeth Trudeau, Director, United States Press Office in the Department, who briefed the media on Thursday 14 July 2016, said that the US is concerned about the violence and deaths of civilians in Kashmir and stated that the US government was in touch with the Government of India as well as the Government of Pakistan.[344]
Kirby again addressed the situation in the valley during late July expressing his government's concern about the violence in Kashmir and called on all sides to find a peaceful solution while stating that the American government was in close touch with the Indian government over the issue[345]
According to a statement issued by the office of the Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, the Prime Minister met Senator John Kerry in September, and both of them expressed their "strong concern" over the violence in Kashmir, particularly the attack on an army base in Uri.[346] On the contrary, the official press release by the US State department mentioned that Secretary Kerry reiterated the need for Pakistan to prevent all terrorists from using Pakistani territory as safe havens, while commending recent efforts by Pakistani security forces to counter extremist violence.[347]
European Union
In a statement issued by its spokesperson Michael Mann on 28 July, the European Union expressed its condolences to the civilians killed and injured during the unrest while urging the restoration of calm and maintenance of law and order in the state. He also urged India and Pakistan to involve people of Kashmir in the dialogue process over the state.[348]
Organization of Islamic Cooperation
In July 2016, Organization of Islamic Cooperation's (OIC) Independent Permanent Human Rights Commission expressed serious concern over alleged human rights violations in Jammu and Kashmir by the Indian military and para-military forces.[349][350] In August, OIC's secretary-general Iyad bin Amin Madani during a press conference in Islamabad said human rights violations in Kashmir were "not an internal matter of the Indian state", adding: "The international community should raise its voice against the atrocities in India-held Kashmir... The situation in Kashmir is heading towards a referendum. No one should be afraid of a referendum and the solution should be through the United Nations resolutions."[351]
On 19 September, the OIC's contact group on Kashmir met on the sidelines of the 71st session of the UN General Assembly.[346] Amin again expressed concerns over the situation in Kashmir and called for an immediate settlement of the dispute in accordance with wishes of Kashmiri people and resolutions of United Nations Security Council, while calling on India to immediately stop committing "atrocities" in Kashmir.[352] The foreign minister of Turkey emphasised the need to resolve the dispute, while Azerbaijan's foreign minister called on the OIC to explore "innovative means to highlight the human rights violations" occurring in Indian-administered Kashmir.[353]
China
The spokesman of China's Foreign Ministry, Lu Kang, in a statement to the press, expressed the government's concern over the casualties due to the unrest and called for a proper settlement of the Kashmiri issue through peaceful means.[354] Pakistani media reports claimed that China's Prime Minister Li Keqiang assured his country's support to Islamabad, emphasising a better understanding viz. Pakistan's position on Kashmir by the international community, adding: "We support Pakistan and will speak for Pakistan at every forum." Li also encouraged de-escalation of tensions between Pakistan and India.[355][356] But on the other hand the official press release by China's Foreign ministry on the meeting between Keqiang and Sharif made no mention of Kashmir whatsoever.[357]
Turkey
Turkey's Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu in a joint press conference with Pakistani Prime Minister's foreign advisor Sartaj Aziz on 2 August said that his country backed Pakistan's position of sending a team from the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation in order to probe the alleged human rights violations in Kashmir. He also said that his country hoped the Kashmir issue will be resolved through dialogue.[358]
Italy
Pakistani media reports claimed that Italy's defence minister Roberta Pinotti while on a visit to Pakistan said the use of force and lethal weapons by security forces against civilians was "unbearable",[359] and that Italy would apprise the international community concerning the situation in Kashmir.[360] On the contrary, the official press release by Italy's defence ministry on the Italian defence minister's visit to Pakistan made no mention of Kashmir or pellet guns.[361]
Belarus
A press release by Pakistan government mentioned that Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko during his visit to Islamabad in October 2016, exchanged views on the situation in Kashmir with his Pakistani counterpart, Nawaz Sharif. The two delegations released a joint statement underlining the "need for resolution of all outstanding issues between Pakistan and India including the Jammu and Kashmir dispute through peaceful means and in accordance with UN Security Council resolutions".[362] On the contrary, the official press release by Office of President of Belarus on the visit made no mention of Kashmir or UN resolutions.[363]
Amnesty International
Amnesty International accused Indian security forces were using "arbitrary and excessive force" to deal with the protests in Kashmir. It also stated that their actions were a violation of international standards and were leading to a worsening of the human rights crisis in the state. The organisation also critisiced the use of pellet guns stating they had been used a 100 times in Kashmir during the first week of September 2016 even though its use was meant to be rare. It called for their ban stating they were dangerous and also expressed concern at the deployment of PAVA shells in the state as they could be used in an "arbitrary or indiscriminate manner".[364][365][366] While, following a seminar on human rights abuses in Kashmir, Amnesty International was accused of sedition in India.[367]
Human Rights Watch
In July, the Human Rights Watch (HRW) urged Indian authorities to credibly and impartially investigate the use of lethal force in Kashmir.[368] HRW's South Asia Director Meenakshi Ganguly criticized India for previously ignoring "the finding of abuses under the draconian Armed Forces Special Powers Act".[369] Later in October, the HRW urged Indian authorities to end the use of the Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act (PSA) to arbitrarily detain people, including children.[370]
Reactions against use of pellet guns
Human rights organisations like Amnesty International have asked the Indian government for prohibition on the use of pellet guns during street demonstrations against stone-throwing protesters.[371][372][373] On 4 August, Amnesty International India called for a ban on the use of the guns following the death of a third person due to injuries inflicted by them.[374]
In response to the high casualties caused by use of pellet guns, Rajnath Singh announced that a panel would be set up to look for alternatives to pellet guns.[375] During a visit to Kashmir, he asked the security forces to avoid using pellet guns as much as possible.[376] The Director-General of Central Reserve Police Force, K. Durga Prasad, in a statement issued on 25 July, regretted the injuries Kashmiri civilians received due to the use of the guns but said that they were the least lethal option available to control the protesting crowd and assured they will only be used in most extreme situations.[377] Lieutenant general D. S. Hooda, chief of the Northern Command of the Indian Army, supported his claim regarding pellet guns.[378] Prasad's comments were criticised by Congress leaders Ghulam Nabi Azad and Amarinder Singh as well as Mohammed Yousuf Tarigami, the state chief of CPI-M.[379][380][381]
The Jammu and Kashmir High Court on 23 July advised the government to discontinue the use of pellet guns.[382] On 26 July, the court demanded the Union Government to submit report on use of the guns by untrained personnel while disapproving of their use. It asked the government to only allow its use by trained personnel while also asking it to look into other means of crowd-control.[383] The High Court issued notices to both the state and Union government asking them to file a response to a petition seeking ban on the guns.[384] When Prasad was asked during an interview on 9 August about when will the CRPF stop using pellet guns, he replied it was like asking when will you stop beating your wife. His remarks created a controversy and were seen as misogynistic by women's organisations, news organisations and social media users. Prasad later apologised for his comment.[385][386][387] Deputy Chief Minister Nirmal Singh ruled out a ban on the weapons stating they were only used in extreme situations.[388] The army recommended the CRPF and police to use sound cannons, pepper shotguns and chilli grenades instead of the pellet guns.[389]
In an affidavit filed before the court on 17 August, CRPF told the court that the guns were only used in extreme situations and their withdrawal will result in CRPF personnel resorting to the use of rifles which might lead to an increase in fatalities.[390][391] The government-appointed panel submitted its report on 29 August, reportedly recommending nonivamide (PAVA) shells, stun lac shells and Long Range Acoustic Devices. It was also reported that a ban on pellet guns was ruled out with the use of weapons limited only to "rarest of rare" cases.[392] On 3 September, PAVA shells as an alternative to pellet guns was approved by Rajnath Singh.[393][394]
On 6 September, the state government justified the use of pellet guns before the state's high court stating they were a modern method to deal with violent protesters and contended that a court couldn't recommend how law and order situations are to be handled. It also claimed that pellet guns were not compatible with the Standard Operating Procedure of firing below the knees as the pellets spread to a diameter of 6 metres when the gun is fired.[395] On 10 September, V.K. Singh who is also the former chief of Indian Army, supported the use of pellet guns stating they were non-lethal and it was a "sensible and well-thought" decision by the Home Ministry to use them.[396] On 21 September, the state High Court rejected the petition regarding banning of guns, stating that the use of force was inevitable as long as unruly mobs indulged in violence.[397]
In February 2017, the CRPF introduced deflectors as a modification for its pellet guns. The modification was introduced to make the guns less lethal while retaining their effectiveness.[398]
See also
Notes
- ^ Journalist Praveen Swami estimated from the video footage that the attendees at the funeral numbered about 15,000 people. He stated that the estimates of 200,000 were exaggerated.[48]
References
- ^ a b c d Harinder Baweja, Kashmir's Disturbing New Reality, Hindustan Times, 23 November 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Haris Zargar, Why violence in Kashmir is getting worse, The Diplomat, 27 April 2016.
- ^ a b c Sudha Ramachandran, Kashmir's reemerging militancy, The Diplomat, 13 May 2016.
- ^ a b Happymon Jacob, Living in denial on Kashmir, The Hindu, 14 July 2016.
- ^ a b c Violence due to divergent ideology: Congress, The Times of India, 18 July 2016.
- ^ Barry, Ellen (28 August 2016). "An Epidemic of 'Dead Eyes' in Kashmir as India Uses Pellet Guns on Protesters". New York Times. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^ "DeM cadres lead women congregations across Kashmir". Greater Kashmir. 3 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
- ^ Gul, Khalid (5 August 2016). "Pro-freedom rallies in Pampore, Bijbehara". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
- ^ "DeM activists asked to make Dua-e-Majlis successful". Kashmir Reader. 2 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
- ^ "This is people's Movement, be United: DeM". 22 July 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
- ^ a b "Pakistans ISI paid Kashmiri separatists Rs 800 crore to fuel unrest in Kashmir, says Intelligence Bureau report". India Today. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
{{cite news}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=
(help) - ^ "SP Vaid, Who Tackled Post-Wani Unrest, to Be New J&K Police Chief". TheQuint. 29 December 2016. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- ^ "Saloora congratulates new DGP, expects massive improvement in the performance of JKP". JK NEWS SERVICE. 28 December 2016. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
- ^ a b "Kashmir protests: Death toll up to 48 as second policeman dies". Hindustan Times. 24 July 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ a b c "Toll in Kashmir unrest climbs to 47". Times of India. 24 July 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Pakistan fomenting trouble, but Modi will solve Kashmir issue: Mehbooba Mufti". The Times of India. 29 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
- ^ a b "2016 Unrest: Not even one probe into killings completed". Greater Kashmir. 6 December 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
While 96 civilians were killed in security forces' action post the killing of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen commander BurhanWani, the Government ordered magisterial inquiries into only five such killings.
- ^ a b c "Day 85 Toll 92: Hit by pellets on Sep 15, Budgam youth succumbs at SKIMS". Greater Kashmir. 1 October 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
- ^ a b "Indian troops kill three suspected separatists in Kashmir". The Nation (Pakistan). AFP. 24 January 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
- ^ a b c Yasir, Sameer (2 January 2017). "Kashmir unrest: What was the real death toll in the state in 2016?". Firstpost. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
- ^ a b "Kashmir Is Paralyzed by an 'Adored' Band of Militants". The New York Times. 14 November 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^ a b c Akmali, Mukeet (23 January 2017). "After 15000 injuries, Govt to train forces in pellet guns". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
- ^ a b Masood, Bashaarat (21 October 2016). "Kashmir witnesses biggest crackdown in two decades, more than 446 arrested in a week". The Indian Express. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
The official figures show that in the four districts of south Kashmir – Anantnag, Kulgam, Shopian and Pulwama – the epicenter of current protests, more than 1821 civilians have been arrested and more than 500 detained under preventive detention. In central Kashmir – Srinagar, Budgam and Ganderbal districts – police have arrested close to 1700 persons and put more than 350 people under preventive detention. The number of arrests and preventive detentions in north Kashmir's three districts – Baramulla, Kupwara and Bandipore – is 1130 and 178 respectively.
- ^ "Over 7,000 people, mostly youth, arrested during Kashmir unrest". Hindustan Times. 23 October 2016.
- ^ "8,587 arrested during 2016 uprising, says Govt". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
- ^ "India: Cease Wrongful Detentions in Jammu and Kashmir". Human Rights Watch. 15 October 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^ [1] Archived 29 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Hizbul Mujahideen 'poster boy' Burhan Wani killed in joint encounter". indianexpress.com. 8 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Burhan Wani encounter:12 civilians killed, 200 injured, 6 companies of CRPF rushed into Kashmir". India Today. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Don't Want To Kill Our Own, Say Police On Kashmir Clashes After Burhan Wani's Killing". NDTV. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Curfew clamped in all 10 districts of Kashmir". Times of India. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Curfew lifted from Valley, one killed in clash in Sopore". Press Trust of India. 31 August 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ a b Peerzada Ashiq (31 August 2016). "One killed, 100 injured in Valley". Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ a b "Curfew lifted from entire Kashmir valley, says Div Com". Greater Kashmir. 31 August 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ "Curfew imposed in three areas of Kashmir Valley, separatists continue shutdown". The Indian Express. 1 September 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
- ^ "Protests intensify in Indian Kashmir, security forces kill five". Reuters. 16 August 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
The latest casualties came as security forces opened fire with automatic rifles, a step up from their earlier use of shotguns, whose pellets are meant to incapacitate but not kill.
- ^ "Kashmir: 2,309 civilians and 3,550 security personnel injured so far in 2016". Daily News & Analysis. 29 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ Jha, Prem Shankar (23 August 2016). "The Rise of Kashmir's Second 'Intifada'". thewire.in. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
- ^ "The third intifada in Kashmir". The News International. 9 August 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
- ^ Hussain, Tom (19 July 2016). "Two centuries of oppression in Kashmir". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
Unsurprisingly, the emergent generation of stone-pelting young Kashmiris identify with their Palestinian counterparts and are calling the new wave of protests an "Intifada".
- ^ a b Shujaat Bukhari, Why the death of militant Burhan Wani has Kashmiris up in arms, BBC News, 11 July 2016.
- ^ Greater Kashmir, 15 Nov 2016/http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/front-page/pdp-mp-baig-doubts-Burhan-Wani-operation/222957.html
- ^ Burhan Wani, Hizbul poster boy, killed in encounter, The Hindu, 8 July 2016.
- ^ a b The worry: What Burhan Wani's death could give life to, The Indian Express, 9 July 2016.
- ^ A journey into the heart of Kashmir's crisis, Al Jazeera, 15 July 2016.
- ^ a b Fahad Shah, Burhan Wani's killing brings Kashmir to a crossroads, The Diplomat, 14 July 2016.
- ^ Baba Umar, Kashmir on fire, The Diplomat, 13 July 2016.
- ^ Praveen Swami, Decoding Burhan Wani’s death: As rage gets younger, new hotspots emerge in Valley’s islands of calm, The Indian Express, 26 July 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir on boil after face of new militancy, Burhan Wani, is shot dead". The Indian Express. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
- ^ "Curfew, Restrictions In Kashmir, Separatists Call For A March". NDTV. 25 July 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
- ^ "Separatists extend shutdown till July 31". Greater Kashmir. 28 July 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ "Curfew mostly lifted in Kashmir, but strike shuts down daily routine". The Telegraph (Calcutta). 30 July 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ "Curfew remains in force in some parts of Kashmir Valley". The Indian Express. 30 July 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ "Everything You Need To Know About Burhan Wani – The Hizbul Mujahideen Posterboy Killed In An Encounter In Kashmir". India Times. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
- ^ "Amarnath pilgrims stranded after vehicular traffic suspended along Jammu-Srinagar highway". The Indian Express. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
- ^ J&K: 11 killed, over 200 hurt as Burhan Wani’s death sparks violence, protests, Indian Express, 10 July 2016.
- ^ M. Saleem Pandit (10 July 2016). "11 killed, 200 hurt as Valley erupts over Wani's death". Times of India. Times News Network. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ a b Ishfaq-ul-Hassan (11 July 2016). "Burhan Wani death: 21 killed, 300 CRPF personnel injured as violence spreads in Jammu & Kashmir". Daily News & Analysis. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir violence: Death toll 23, Omar asks Mehbooba to lead from front". Times of India. 10 July 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ Jameel, Yusuf (10 July 2016). "Kashmir violence: Death toll rises to 30, curfew extended to more parts". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ "Pandits Leave Valley, Threaten Not to Join Jobs in Kashmir". Outlook. 13 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "Kashmiri pandits hold protest for second day". Zee News. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "Jammu & Kashmir: BJP panel to meet Kashmiri Pandit employees as protest enters 12th day". The Indian Express. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir on boil as centre rushes 800 additional CRPF troops". The Indian Express. 12 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "J-K: Separatists to extend strike call for three more days from tomorrow". Business Standard. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "Schools, colleges to remain shut in Kashmir till July 24". Times of India. 17 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "Centre rushes 2,000 additional CRPF troops to Kashmir". Times of India. 17 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "Curfew lifted from four districts of Kashmir Valley". The Hindu. 23 July 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
- ^ "Curfew Lifted From 4 Kashmir Districts". NDTV. 24 July 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir unrest: Barring Anantnag, curfew lifted from all parts; schools remain shut". The Indian Express. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir: Curfew re-imposed in view of separatists march". The Indian Express. 27 July 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
- ^ "Curfew, restrictions back in Kashmir". The Hindu. 29 July 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ^ "65 hurt as fresh violence rocks Kashmir". The Hindu. 30 July 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir Valley protesters clash with forces amid curfew". The Indian Express. 30 July 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
- ^ "Stones hurled at Naeem Akhtar's cavalcade". Kashmir Reader. 30 July 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ Ehsan, Mir (3 August 2016). "Petrol bombs hurled at J&K Education Minister Naem Akthar's house". The Indian Express. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ ul-Hassan, Ishfaq (3 August 2016). "Petrol bombs hurled at state education minister's residence". Daily News & Analysis. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ Fayyaz, Ahmed Ali (3 August 2016). "2 killed, one critical as ADC's PSO opens fire on crowd after attack". State Times. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ "Curfew, separatist shutdown cripple Kashmir for 30th day". Times of India. 7 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- ^ "Separatists extend strike until August 25, call for making lists of needy". The New Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ "Separatists extend strike call up to Sep 01, calls for Eidgah Chalo on Aug 26". Kashmir News Service. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
- ^ "Resistance camp extends shutdown till September". Greater Kashmir. 1 September 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
- ^ "Shutdown in Kishtwar, Doda, Thathri over Kashmir killings;Doda rocks with pro-freedom slogans". State Times. 5 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir violence: Internet services suspended in Jammu, more areas face shutdown". Hindustan Times. 5 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ Ganai, Naseer (6 August 2016). "674 wounded in a single day as pellets, bullets, tear gas rain on Kashmir protesters". India Today. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
- ^ Ehsan, Mir (6 August 2016). "J&K: 3 killed, 300 injured in fresh clashes, Hazratbal march stopped". The Indian Express. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
- ^ Wani, Fayaz (12 August 2016). "Police detain separatists, JK government foils march". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ^ "Curfew in Kashmir, separatists plan march". Times of India. Press Trust of India. 12 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ^ Wani, Fayaz Ibn (12 August 2016). "Dozens injured in fresh clashes in tense Kashmir". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ Yusuf, Shabir Ibn; Gul, Khalid (13 August 2016). "Day 35: Kashmir remains on boil, 250 injured in fresh clashes". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir unrest: Protests spread to Jammu, several injured in clashes". Daily News & Analysis. 13 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ Khan, Taheer (13 August 2016). "Police officers, Magistrate among 12 injured in Doda clashes". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ Hussain, Ajaz (13 August 2016). "Anti-India Protests Persist Despite Strict Curfew in Kashmir". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ "Pakistan flags, Burhan's posters appear in Srinagar before I-Day as new protests break out". Chandigarh Tribune. 14 August 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Pakistan's flags and posters of Hizbul Mujahideen commander Burhan Wani appeared in various parts of Srinagar on Sunday as the Valley remained on edge and under curfew a day before India marked its 70th year of independence. Law enforcement authorities later removed flags and posters that were seen in downtown Srinagar as well as Natipora and Pantha Chowk. This is the first time Pakistan's flags have been seen flying in the Valley since violence began in the state after Wani was killed on July 8, although protesters have been spotted holding them aloft during protest demonstrations. Their appearance in the Valley coincides with Pakistan's Independence Day, celebrated a day before India celebrates its own.
- ^ Saha, Abhishek; Jacob, Jayanth (14 August 2016). "Valley under lockdown on I-Day eve as Pakistan raises hostilities". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
- ^ Masood, Bashaarat (14 August 2016). "On Pakistan's Independence Day, militants hoist flags, address rallies in Kashmir". The Indian Express. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
- ^ Gul, Khalid (14 August 2016). "Teargas shelling on Asiya Andrabi led all- women rally in Tral". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
- ^ "Five killed in fresh Kashmir clashes". Al Jazeera. 16 August 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ Masood, Bashaarat; Ehsan, Mir (17 August 2016). "Kashmir unrest: Five killed in fresh Valley firing, toll 65; Curfew, restrictions tightened". The Indian Express. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ Wani, Fayaz (16 August 2016). "Kashmir on edge after 5 more die in security forces firing". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir unrest: Separatist leaders defy house arrest, attempt processions to UN office". Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
- ^ Wani, Fayaz (17 August 2016). "Government foils separatists 'UN march' in Kashmir". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
- ^ "PDP MLA Yousuf Bhat's house attacked by mob in Shopian". Business Standard. Press Trust of India. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ^ "PDP MLA's house attacked by mob". The New Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ^ Masood, Bashaarat (22 August 2016). "Kashmir unrest: One killed, 70 injured in Valley protests". The Indian Express. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ Hussain, Aijaz (22 August 2016). "Indian Forces Fire at Kashmir Protesters, Killing 1". ABC News. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ Ul-Islam, Zia (22 August 2016). "Kashmir: Thousands throng to pro-freedom rallies". Kashmir Reader. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ "BSF Troops Deployed In Jammu And Kashmir After 12 Years". NDTV. Press Trust of India. 22 August 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ Singh, Rahul; Ahuja, Rajesh (22 August 2016). "12 years on, BSF deployed in Srinagar". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ Masoodi, Nazir (23 August 2016). "2 Special Police Officers Resign After Mob Attacks Their Houses In Kashmir". NDTV. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ "Two cops resign 'publicly' in Sopore". Greater Kashmir. Current News Service. 23 August 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ Ehsan, Mir (24 August 2016). "Kashmir unrest: Fresh clashes in Pulwama leave one more dead". The Indian Express. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ "Teenager killed as Rajnath begins Kashmir visit". Greater Kashmir. Indo-Asian News Service. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ "9 policemen injured in grenade attack in Kashmir's Pulwama". Hindustan Times. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ "Authorities impose curfew in Kashmir". The Hindu. Indo-Asian News Service. 2 September 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ^ "Curfew Re-imposed in Many Parts of Kashmir". News18. Press Trust of India. 2 September 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ^ "Youth killed in Kashmir, death toll rises to 71". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 3 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- ^ Bashir, Abid; Gul, Khalid (5 September 2016). "Day 58: 600 more injured as clashes continue". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
- ^ Gillo, Nazir (6 September 2016). "Sopore youth succumbs". Kashmir Reader. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- ^ Bashir, Abid; Gul, Khalid (6 September 2016). "Day 59: Sopore teenager succumbs, toll reaches 74". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- ^ Wani, Fayaz (6 September 2016). "Separatists announce no break in shutdown in Kashmir on Eid". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
- ^ "Life paralysed for 60 days, separatists extend shutdown". Business Standard. Press Trust of India. 6 September 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir unrest: 50 injured in protests, youth succumbs". The Indian Express. 17 September 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
- ^ "Resistance calendar: Strike extended until Sep 29; relaxation from 2 pm on Sunday". Greater Kashmir. 21 September 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
- ^ "Resistance leadership extends protest till Oct 6". Greater Kashmir. 28 September 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- ^ Gul, Khalid; Bashir, Abid (8 September 2016). "DAY 61: Kulgam man dies of cardiac arrest amid teargas shelling". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
- ^ "Restrictions on assembly of people lifted in Kashmir". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 8 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
- ^ Wani, Ashraf (9 September 2016). "Curfew re-imposed in most parts of Srinagar, major towns of Kashmir". India Today. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
- ^ "Curfew reimposed in many areas ahead of Friday congregations". Kashmir Reader. Press Trust of India. 9 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
- ^ "Curfew lifted in Kashmir". Business Standard. Press Trust of India. 10 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ Nazir Masoodi (10 September 2016). "2 Killed In Fresh Clashes In Kashmir, Civilian Deaths Rise To 78". NDTV. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
- ^ "Curfew imposed in entire Valley on Eid, choppers and drones keeping vigil". The New Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 13 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir unrest: Valley under curfew on Eid; choppers and drones to keep vigil". Daily News & Analysis. 13 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ "Two killed as clashes break out after Eid prayers in Kashmir". Deccan Chronicle. Press Trust of India. 13 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ Mir Ehsan (13 September 2016). "Kashmir unrest: Two dead, 30 injured in clashes across Valley; strict curfew imposed". The Indian Express. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ Masood, Bashaarat (18 September 2016). "Protests in Kashmir Valley after body of 11-year-old found with pellets". The Indian Express. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
- ^ "Barring Srinagar, curfew lifted across Kashmir". Times of India. Press Trust of India. 20 September 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- ^ Wani, Fayaz (19 September 2016). "Girl dies of cardiac arrest during clashes in Valley". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- ^ "Markets Open In Kashmir After Separatists Relax Shutdown". NDTV. Press Trust of India. 25 September 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
- ^ "Curfew imposed in J&K's Kishtwar town". The Hindu. Press Trust of India. 25 September 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
- ^ "Curfew lifted after four days in Kishtwar". Greater Kashmir. 29 September 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- ^ "Separatists Allow Full-Day Relaxation In Kashmir Shutdown For Two Days". NDTV. 16 November 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
- ^ "Separatists scale down Kashmir shutdown, hint at calling off strike". The New Indian Express. 14 December 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ^ "Separatists in Kashmir hint at 'long-term struggle', to come up with annual protest program". The New Indian Express. 16 December 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ^ "Srinagar: Separatists call off strike on Friday due to Shivaratri". India Today. 20 February 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
{{cite news}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=
(help) - ^ "3 Civilians Killed While Trying To Obstruct Anti-Terror Operation In J&K's Chadoora". Huffington Post India. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ "Kashmir: 3 civilians killed, 63 jawans hurt in clashes after Budgam encounter - what you need to know". Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ Ahmad, Mudasir. "Why the Resignation of the PDP's Srinagar MP is a Big Deal - The Wire". thewire.in. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ Ashiq, Peerzada. "Lowest ever turnout in Srinagar Lok Sabha bypoll". The Hindu. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ "Kashmir violence: Eight killed in clashes during by-election". BBC News. 10 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ "Video shows man tied to 'army jeep' as human shield against Kashmir protesters, Omar says 'shocking'". Hindustan Times. Press Trust of India. 14 April 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ Osborne, Samuel (17 April 2017). "Clashes sparked by Indian Army's 'use of Kashmir protester as human shield'". The Independent. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "Hizbul Mujahideen Sabzar Ahmad Bhat killed, Kashmir on boil". 28 May 2017.
{{cite news}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=
(help) - ^ "Burhan Confidant Killed, Summer Chaos Returns in Valley". Kashmir Observer. 28 May 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "Stone-pelting protests erupted at two dozen places after killing of Sabzar Bhat: Police". Greater Kashmir. 27 May 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "JKLF chairman Yasin Malik arrested". The New Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 28 May 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "Train services resume in Kashmir after four days". Kashmir Monitor. 31 May 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ Gul, Khalid (2 June 2017). "Sabzar Bhat killing backlash: Clashes erupt in Anantnag in south Kashmir". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ Saha, Abhishek (9 June 2017). "Mobile internet services suspended in Kashmir after civilian's death Hurriyat calls for shutdown". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ a b "Abu Dujana Aftermath: Civilian Killed, Internet Snapped, Schools Shut". Kashmir Observer. 1 August 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "Pakistani flag hoisted in occupied Kashmir on Independence Day". The News International. 15 August 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "Indian-held Kashmir echoes with slogans of 'Long Live Pakistan'". Express Tribune. Associated Press of Pakistan. 14 August 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "Watch how youths in Occupied Kashmir celebrated Pakistan's Independence Day". Samaa TV. 15 August 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ Nabi, Junaid (15 August 2017). "Flag hoisted at many places on Pak's Independence Day". Kashmir Reader. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "2016 Unrest: Not even one probe into killings completed". Greater Kashmir. 6 December 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
While 96 civilians were killed in security forces' action post the killing of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen commander BurhanWani, the Government ordered magisterial inquiries into only five such killings.
- ^ "Indian troops kill three suspected separatists in Kashmir". The Nation (Pakistan). AFP. 24 January 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
The incident sparked months of anti-India unrest which left more than 90 civilians dead.
- ^ "Kashmir Is Paralyzed by an 'Adored' Band of Militants". The New York Times. 14 November 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
Seventy-six people have been killed in the violence, the police in Kashmir say, while local activists put the toll at closer to 100.
- ^ Fayaz Wani (6 September 2016). "Kashmir unrest: Two more die, death toll rises to 76". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
- ^ Mohammad Abu Bakar (6 September 2016). "#Day60: Slain Topper's Funeral Evokes Fresh Emotions in Kashmir". Kashmir Life. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir newspaper banned for 'inciting violence'". Al Jazeera English. 3 October 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
- ^ "The death of a militant sparks fury but little change". The Economist. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ John, Stanly (10 July 2016). "Policeman killed by mob in Kashmir, three cops missing since yesterday". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ ul-Haq, Shuja (13 July 2016). "Kashmir unrest:Two missing cops traced, lost weapons". India Today. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
- ^ "India's fallen heroes: The 18 soldiers who lost their lives in Uri attack". Hindustan Times. 19 September 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
{{cite news}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=
(help) - ^ "In Kashmir, Indian security forces use pellet guns that often blind protesters". Washington Post. 12 July 2016.
- ^ "Metal Pellets: "Non-Lethal" Weapon Which Maims & Kills in Kashmir". The Quint. 13 July 2016.
- ^ Akmali, Mukeet (23 January 2017). "After 15000 injuries, Govt to train forces in pellet guns". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
- ^ "Non-lethal? At SMHS hospital, 2 deaths due to pellets in 5 days". Greater Kashmir.
- ^ "Kashmiri doctors lament injuries by pellets in protests". Al-Jazeera.
- ^ "Medical emergency in Kashmir: Centre to send eye surgeons to the valley". ibtimes.co.in.
- ^ "Kashmir clashes leave many kids injured: 5-yr-old suffers pellet injury, blames 'firecrackers'". Indian Express. 13 July 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir unrest: Politicians meet J&K Governor on use of pellet guns on protestersv". Indian Express. 16 July 2016.
- ^ "Probe use of lethal force in Kashmir: Rights group to India". Business Standard. Press Trust of India. 13 July 2016.
- ^ Lazarus, Neville (19 August 2016). "Kashmir: Indian Forces Fired A Million Pellets At Protesters". Sky News. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^ Muddasir Ali (15 July 2016). "'War-like situation', says AIIMS specialist on pellet injuries". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ Sofi, Ahsan (22 July 2016). "Kashmir violence: Eight more injured with pellets". The Indian Express. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- ^ "Plight of Kashmiri youth suffering from pellet injuries tragic". The Indian Express. 30 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
- ^ "An Epidemic of 'Dead Eyes' in Kashmir as India Uses Pellet Guns on Protesters". The New York Times. 28 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ Lateed, Samaan (29 July 2016). "Chennai surgeon comes to aid of pellet victims". The Tribune (Chandigarh). Retrieved 31 July 2016.
- ^ Barry, Ellen (28 August 2016). "An Epidemic of 'Dead Eyes' in Kashmir as India Uses Pellet Guns on Protesters". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^ Ahsan, Sofi (12 August 2016). "Kashmir unrest: Doctors protest against 'indiscriminate' use of pellet guns". The Indian Express. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
- ^ "Pellets leave 3,000 injured in Kashmir". The Hindu. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
- ^ "Burhan Wani killing: Amarnath Yatra suspended". The Hindu. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ "Mobile internet services snapped in Jammu". Greater Kashmir. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ Mehbooba govt. gags media, blocks cable TV, The Hindu, 16 July 2016.
- ^ Associated Press, India Stops Kashmir Newspapers From Printing Amid Unrest, New York Times — Asia Pacific, 17 July 2016.
- ^ Kashmir violence: Indian authorities seize newspapers and shut down cable TV after killing of separatist leader, The Independent, 16 July 2016.
- ^ "In Kashmir, Printing Presses Raided, Newspapers Banned To Ensure 'Peace'". Huffington Post. 17 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "No ban on newspapers in J&K: Mehbooba to Naidu". The Indian Express. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ "Newspaper ban didn't have Mehbooba Mufti's consent, claims advisor". The Economic Times. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ a b c Kashmir newspapers refuse to resume publication, want govt to own up to 'ban', Hindustan Times, 20 July 2016.
- ^ 'Unprecedented': Back on stands, newspapers in Kashmir question gag, Hindustan Times, 21 July 2016.
- ^ "Mobile internet services restored in Jammu after 17-day ban". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ "Mobile communication partially restored in Kashmir". The Economic Times. Press Trust of India. 27 July 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ "Internet services suspended in Jammu amid mounting tension in Chenab Valley". The Indian Express. News Express Service. 5 August 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ Khajuria, Amit (6 August 2016). "Mobile Internet snapped, restored in Jammu region". The Tribune. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ Saha, Abhishek (12 August 2016). "Kashmir: Mobile network blocked again amid fears of Friday clashes". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ "Access Denied: No Internet In Kashmir After Broadband Snapped". NDTV. Press Trust of India. 13 August 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ Yaqoob, Mudasir (14 August 2016). "Govt shuts last window to Kashmir; snaps broadband internet". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
- ^ "Day 41: Curfew continues in Kashmir, broadband services restored". Greater Kashmir. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ^ "Mobile telephone services restored in Kashmir Valley". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 20 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ^ Ashiq, Peerzada (20 August 2016). "Mobile services restored in Kashmir". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ^ Yaqoob, Mudasir (13 September 2016). "Access Denied: JK Government snaps broadband internet, mobile service again". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ Hussain, Aijaz (27 April 2017). "India bans 22 social media sites in Kashmir over alleged abuse videos". The Independent. Associated Press. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
- ^ "Indian authorities ban Kashmir newspaper amid unrest". Press TV. 4 October 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ "Kashmir newspaper banned to prevent anti-India violence". Fox News. Associated Press. 4 October 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ Hilal, Mir (5 October 2016). "Kashmir: By banning our newspaper, government is only looking for scapegoats". The Indian Express. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ "Kashmir newspaper banned for 'inciting violence'". Al Jazeera English. 3 October 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
According to the court order, a portion of which was published on Kashmir Reader's website, the newspaper was banned because it contained "such material and content which tends to incite acts of violence and disturb public peace and tranquillity".
- ^ "Closure Of Kashmir Newspaper A Setback To Free Speech". Amnesty International. 4 October 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
Authorities in Jammu and Kashmir must revoke an order to stop the printing and publication of Kashmir Reader, a Srinagar-based English daily, Amnesty International India said today.
- ^ "Gov't bans Kashmir newspaper, fearing anti-India violence". Daily Mail. Associated Press. 4 October 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
The "order does not specifically mention any news items in Kashmir Reader that incited violence," said Aakar Patel, who heads the Indian chapter of Amnesty International.
- ^ "Kashmir Reader: Newspaper printing again after ban lifted". BBC News. 28 December 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ "India: Kashmir police arrest activist Khurram Parvez". Al Jazeera English. 16 September 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ "India: Activist Blocked from UN Meeting, Detained". Human Rights Watch. 16 September 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ Masood, Bashaarat (22 September 2016). "Day after court 'sets free' activist Khurram Parvez, J&K govt books him under PSA". The Indian Express. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ "India: Kashmiri human rights activist re-arrested". Amnesty International. 21 September 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ "Kashmir: Human rights activist Khurram Parvez released". Al Jazeera English. 30 November 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ "High Court orders release of prominent Kashmiri human rights activist". Express Tribune. Reuters. 26 November 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ Bukhari, Fayaz (30 November 2016). "Released from jail, Kashmiri activist vows to fight for prisoner rights". Reuters. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ "J&K violence: DIG South Kashmir, SSP Anantnag transferred". Times of India. 23 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
- ^ "Tengpora killing: Court directs registration of FIR against Dy SP". Greater Kashmir. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
- ^ Ehsan, Mir (28 July 2016). "Kashmir violence: Asked to file FIR against DSP, cops book dead youth". The Indian Express. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
- ^ Ehsan, Mir (30 July 2016). "Kashmir: Court orders issuance of non-bailable warrant against SSP Srinagar for disobedience". The Indian Express. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
- ^ "Srinagar SSP produced in court, gets bail". Business Standard. 1 August 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
- ^ "HC upholds ruling ordering FIR against murder accused DySP". Kashmir Reader. 4 August 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
- ^ "Tengpora killing: SC stays contempt proceedings against Srinagar top cops". Hindustan Times. 9 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ^ "SC directs exhumation of Tengpora youth's body". Kashmir Monitor. 12 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ^ Amit Anand Choudhary (26 September 2016). "Kashmir unrest: Fresh test shows pellets, not bullet, killed 22-year-old". Times of India. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
- ^ Rashid, Toufiq (20 August 2016). "CRPF man suspended for firing pellets at ambulance driver in Srinagar". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^ Masoodi, Nazir (19 August 2016). "Army Admits Kashmir Teacher Killed By Soldiers, Says 'Unacceptable, Unjustified'". NDTV. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
- ^ "Government orders social media ban in Kashmir". www.kashmirlife.net. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
- ^ "Burhan Wani death: Home Minister Rajnath Singh appeals for peace in Kashmir". Daily News & Analysis. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir govt seeks separatists' help to restore normalcy". Greater Kashmir. 10 July 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- ^ "Akther seeks separatists help; Geelani obliges, Mirwaiz ridicules". Early Times. 11 July 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir unrest:Mehbooba Mufti appeals for calm, asks parents to keep children away from stir". India Today. 12 July 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
- ^ "PM Modi Appeals for Calm in Kashmir, Assures Help to Mehbooba Govt". CNN-News18. 12 July 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
- ^ Fearing 'anti-national' tag, Congress takes tough line on Kashmir, Catch News, 11 July 2016.
- ^ Kavita Krishnan, Why I think Burhan Wani's encounter was extrajudicial killing, Daily O, 11 July 2016.
- ^ "VK Singh urges Kashmiris to become part of India's 'epic story'". The Indian Express. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "Rajnath blames Pakistan for bloodshed in Kashmir". The Hindu. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir unrest: CM Mehbooba Mufti chairs an all party-meeting". The Indian Express. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
- ^ "Rajnath Singh to visit Kashmir for 2 days from tomorrow". Times of India. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
- ^ "On Mission Kashmir, Rajnath Singh meets political leaders". Hindustan Times. 24 July 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
- ^ "Sonia Gandhi expresses 'anguish' over unrest in Kashmir, appeals for calm in Valley". The Indian Express. 31 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir unrest: Congress slams 'clueless' Mehbooba Mufti". The Indian Express. 31 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ "Supreme Court promises all help to Kashmiris, seeks report". Economic Times. 31 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ "PM Modi must call an all-party meet to discuss Kashmir, says Ghulam Nabi Azad". The Indian Express. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- ^ Mohan, Archis (16 August 2016). "Govt to hold all-party meeting on Kashmir". Business Standard. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
- ^ Singh, DK; Bardhan, Sandip (16 August 2016). "National security, PoK figure in Kashmir all-party meeting". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ^ a b Singh, Akhilesh (16 August 2016). "No compromise on Kashmir, PoK is ours: PM Narendra Modi at all-party meet". The Economic Times. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
- ^ "Narendra Modi, his ministers "exacerbated" Kashmir crisis: P Chidambaram". The Economic Times. Press Trust of India. 17 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
- ^ "'Jammu And Kashmir Sliding Into Total Chaos,' Says P Chidambaram, Targets PM". NDTV. Press Trust of India. 17 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
- ^ "Opposition parties demand judicial probe into Kashmir killings". Kashmir Reader. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
- ^ "Opposition parties from J&K to apprise President of Kashmir situation". Business Standard. Press Trust of India. 17 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir atrocities defaming India globally: Farooq Abdullah". Greater Kashmir. 20 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
"Indian forces have got emboldened and encouraged due to presence of BJP in Jammu and Kashmir and are unleashing a reign of terror in Kashmir. The miseries inflicted upon innocent people of Kashmir by Indian forces have been offending the sentiments of world community. India should keep it in mind that it can't suppress dissent through brute force," Farooq said, adding: "India is being criticized all over the world for using brute force on civilian population in Kashmir."
- ^ "Can't do it alone, separatists must help restore peace: GoC Hooda". Greater Kashmir. 20 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
Admitting that situation in Kashmir is far from normal, the Army on Friday said it's high time "for separatists and everybody" to join hands for restoring normalcy "because one organization can't alone do it."
- ^ "Opposition leaders meet President, press for political solution in Kashmir". Times of India. Press Trust of India. 20 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ^ Kumar, Ashwini (20 August 2016). "Centre's failure to acknowledge the issue has worsened Kashmir crisis, says Omar". India Today. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir oppn parties meet PM Modi, demand immediate ban on pellet guns". Hindustan Times. 22 August 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ "Ban pellet guns in Kashmir, Omar Abdullah-led delegation asks PM Modi". The Indian Express. 22 August 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ "PM concerned about Kashmir situation". The Hindu. 22 August 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ "All-party delegation under PM, HM should visit Kashmir to mitigate unrest: JD(U)". The Indian Express. Asian News International. 21 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
- ^ "No compromise with those indulging in violence in Kashmir, says Arun Jaitley". Times of India. Press Trust of India. 22 August 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ Sharma, Arvind (22 August 2016). "No compromise with Kashmir protesters, says Jaitley". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ Sandhu, Kamaljit (24 August 2016). "Kashmir unrest: Rajnath Singh to make second visit in a month to valley". India Today. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ "Rajnath Singh in Kashmir; youth dies in fresh clashes". Times of India. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ a b Ehsan, Mir (24 August 2016). "Ban pellet guns, probe deaths, J&K Opposition tells Rajnath Singh". The Indian Express. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ a b Ali, Muddasir (24 August 2016). "Home Minister meets mainstream politicians in Srinagar". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir trade bodies refuse to meet Rajnath Singh". Greater Kashmir. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ Wani, Ashraf (24 August 2016). "Kashmir unrest: Home Minister Rajnath Singh, Jammu and Kashmir Governor NN Vohra review security situation". India Today. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ Wani, Ashraf (25 August 2016). "Mehbooba Mufti Loses Cool In Press Meet Where Rajnath Singh Was Present". NDTV. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ Ashiq, Peerzada (25 August 2016). "Rajnath promises alternative to pellet guns, says he is willing to talk to all". The Hindu. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ "Hold talks with all stakeholders, Mehbooba tells Modi". The Hindu. Press Trust of India. 27 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ Rajeshwari, Ankita (28 August 2016). "Lives lost in Kashmir, of youth or jawans, is our own loss, says PM Modi". Times of India. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ "Mann Ki Baat: Every life lost in Kashmir is a loss to our nation, says PM Narendra Modi". Times of India. 28 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ "Talks with whosoever is ready to reject violence: Mehbooba". The Hindu. 28 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ "Rajnath Singh to head all party delegation to Kashmir". The New Indian Express. 29 August 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ^ "Manohar Parrikar Hits Out At Pakistan, Says 'Small Percentage' Holding Majority To Ransom In Kashmir". Huffington Post. 30 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
- ^ a b "All-party visit: J&K government keeps off Kashmir issue, separatists off talks". The Indian Express. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
- ^ "Unrests in Kashmir result of Centre's continued refusal: National Conference". The Indian Express. 4 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
- ^ a b "All-party delegation to Kashmir: Omar says no follow-up, Mehbooba pitches for unconditional talks". The Hindu. Press Trust of India. 4 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
- ^ Ali, Muddasir; Maqbool, Umer (6 September 2016). "Rajnath talks tough as all-party delegation concludes JK visit". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- ^ "All-party delegation ends J&K visit without breakthrough". The Hindu. Press Trust of India. 6 September 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- ^ Gaurav C. Sawant (6 September 2016). "Muslim clerics slam Pakistan and separatists, to conduct Aman Yatra in Kashmir". India Today. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
- ^ "Talk to all stake holders in Kashmir, All Party Delegation urges Centre". Business Standard. Press Trust of India. 7 September 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
- ^ "NC expresses grief, shock over continued killings in Kashmir". Greater Kashmir. 10 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ "Opposition parties demand judicial probe into Kashmir killings". Kashmir Reader. 11 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ Sudhi Ranjan Sen (11 September 2016). "Crack Down On Instigators, Bring Peace: Rajnath Singh To Forces In Kashmir". NDTV. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ Stone pelters on hire in Kashmir: India Today nails Valley's insidious villains, India Today, 29 March 2017.
- ^ Dabas, Maninder (13 July 2016). "An Indian Army Major's Open Letter To Burhan Wani Raises Some Uncomfortable Questions!". India Times. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
- ^ Arundhati Roy, Azadi, Outlook India, 25 July 2016.
- ^ "Save Kashmir from becoming Syria: Panun Kashmir to Centre". The Indian Express. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
- ^ "Kashmiri seperatist leader SAS Geelani places 6 conditions for 'good beginning'". Deccan Chronicle. 17 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ "Geelani Writes to World Leaders: Lists 6 CBM's". Kashmir Observer. 17 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ "'Join the separatists': Kashmir cop tells IAS officer after Facebook spat". Hindustan Times. 6 August 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
- ^ "Our fight is not for Kashmir, it's for Islam: Hizbul commander in new video". Hindustan Times. 16 March 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
- ^ "'Throw stones at security forces for Islam': Burhan Wani's successor Zakir Musa urges protestors". India Today. 16 March 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
- ^ "Nawaz Sharif expresses shock over killing of Burhan Wani". The Indian Express. 11 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "Pakistan's view on Burhan Wani reflects its association with terrorism: Govt". The Indian Express. 12 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "Pakistan Army chief Raheel Sharif condemns 'killings' in Kashmir". Economic Times. 13 July 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ "Sharif calls Burhan a martyr, sparks another India-Pak war of words". The Indian Express. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ "Pakistan declares Hizbul terrorist Burhan Wani a 'martyr', to observe July 19 as black day". Times of India. 15 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- ^ Srivastava, Ritesh (19 July 2016). "Pakistan to observe Kashmir's 'Accession Day' today, 'Black Day' on July 20". Zee News. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ "Hafiz Saeed leads Kashmir Caravan, vows to march towards J&K". Hindustan Times. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ "Pakistan observing 'black day' against Indian 'atrocities' in Kashmir". Hindustan Times. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
- ^ "Pakistan to ask UNHRC to send fact-finding team to Kashmir". The Indian Express. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
- ^ "Pakistan raises Kashmir issue with UN officials". The Indian Express. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
- ^ "JuD medical team to apply for Indian visa to travel to Kashmir". The Indian Express. 25 July 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ "JuD medical team applies for Indian visa to travel to Kashmir". India Today. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ "JuD Caravan Led By Hafiz Saeed's Son Stopped Near Line of Control". NDTV. 2 August 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ "Pakistan parliament unanimously passes resolution on Kashmir". Economic Times. 2 August 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir witnessing 'new wave of freedom movement', says Pakistan PM Nawaz Sharif". The Indian Express. 3 August 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ "Pakistan offers aid for injured Kashmiris". The Express Tribune. 7 August 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
- ^ "India rejects Pakistan offer of sending supplies to Kashmir". Greater Kashmir. 15 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
- ^ "UN veto powers, EU acknowledge importance of dialogue to address Kashmir dispute: Pakistan". Greater Kashmir. 26 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ "Pakistan highlights the Kashmir issue". Daily Times. 28 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ "Nawaz Sharif writes to UN chief on Kashmir for the second time in a month". The Indian Express. 1 September 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ^ Mohsin, Mahboob (1 September 2016). "Nawaz Sharif picks up Kashmir atrocities with Ban Ki-moon: FO". Channel 24. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ^ "Pakistan PM's special envoy briefs international community in Geneva on Kashmir". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 7 September 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
- ^ Yousaf, Kamran (7 September 2016). "PM's special envoy highlights held-Kashmir rights violations in Geneva". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir 'lifeline of Pakistan', solution not in 'raining bullets': General Raheel Sharif". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 7 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ "Nawaz Sharif dedicates Eid-ul Adha to 'sacrifices' of Kashmiris". The Hindu. Press Trust of India. 13 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ "Nawaz Sharif Dedicates Eid-ul-Azha to 'Sacrifices' of Kashmiris". News18. Press Trust of India. 13 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ Rajghatta, Chidanand (22 September 2016). "At UN, Sharif talks of `Intifada' in J&K, India says Pak `in complete denial'". Times of India. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
- ^ "Pak's Punjab Assembly condemns Sabzar's killing". Greater Kashmir. Press Trust of India. 30 May 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "United Nations chief Ban Ki-moon concerned over Kashmir situation". Hindustan Times. 11 July 2016.
- ^ "UN chief calls for 'maximum restraint' to curb Kashmir strife". Tribune India. 12 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ "UN chief offers mediation between India, Pakistan". Greater Kashmir. 14 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ "India rejects UNHRC request to visit Kashmir to probe alleged human rights violations by forces". IB Times. 13 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
- ^ "UN Rights Boss Appeals to India, Pakistan for Kashmir Access". ABC News. 17 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
- ^ "UN chief slams killings in India-held Kashmir, calls for India-Pak dialogue". Dawn. 19 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^ "Grant 'unconditional access' to both sides of Kashmir: OHCHR". Times of India. 13 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ "US concerned over violence in held Kashmir – World – Dunya News". dunyanews.tv.
- ^ "US concerned over violence in Kashmir". thenews.com.pk.
- ^ "J&K violence a matter of grave concern: U.S." 16 July 2016 – via The Hindu.
- ^ "US Expresses Concern Over Violence in Kashmir". News18. 30 July 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
- ^ a b Iqbal, Anwar; Haider, Masood (21 September 2016). "US expresses 'concern' over Kashmir violence". Dawn. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ http://m.state.gov/md262159.htm
- ^ "Kashmir unrest: EU calls for calm, urges India and Pak to involve Kashmiris in the dialogue". Daily News & Analysis. 29 July 2016.
- ^ "Abuses in Kashmir: OIC slams India". 15 July 2016.
- ^ "#KashmirKillings: OIC condemns civilian killings in Kashmir".
- ^ Abbas, Syed Sammer (20 August 2016). "Human rights violations in held Kashmir not internal Indian matter: OIC". Dawn. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ^ "OIC Asks India to Cease Atrocities in Kashmir". News18. 20 September 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- ^ Bhattacherjee, Kallol (21 September 2016). "OIC meet on Kashmir finds support from Turkey, Azerbaijan". The Hindu. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ "China 'concerned' over deadly Kashmir clashes". Business Standard. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ "Chinese leader assures Nawaz Sharif of support on Kashmir". The News. 21 September 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ "China backs Pakistan's position on Kashmir: Chinese Premier Li Keqiang tells Sharif". New Indian Express. 21 September 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ "Li Keqiang Meets with Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif of Pakistan". Fmprc.gov.cn. 22 September 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
- ^ "Turkey backs Pakistan's stance of sending OIC team to Kashmir". Economic Times. 2 August 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ "Pellet guns against peaceful protesters 'unbearable': Italy". The News. 19 September 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ^ Jabri, Parvez (19 September 2016). "Italian minister opposes use of lethal weapons against Kashmiri protesters". Business Recorder. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ^ "Ministro Pinotti Pakistan". Difesa.it. 29 October 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
- ^ "Pakistan, Belarus for resolving Kashmir in light of UN resolutions". Financial Express. 5 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ^ "Events | The Official Internet Portal of the President of the Republic of Belarus". President.gov.by. 4 October 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
- ^ Nath, Damini (13 September 2016). "'Human rights crisis' in J&K worsening, says Amnesty". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ "Amnesty blames India for excessive use of force in Kashmir". New Kerala. Indo-Asian News Service. 13 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ "Amnesty warns against use of PAVA shells". Deccan Herald. 13 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ "Amnesty International accused of sedition in India". Al Jazeera English. 18 August 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^ "India: Investigate Use of Lethal Force in Kashmir". Human Rights Watch. 12 July 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
- ^ Ganguly, Meenakshi (13 July 2016). "Key to Ending Kashmir's Cycles of Violence: Respecting Rights, Ensuring Justice". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
- ^ "India: Cease Wrongful Detentions in Jammu and Kashmir". Human Rights Watch. 15 October 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
- ^ "Court pulls up government for pellet guns, curfew in Kashmir – Firstpost". 23 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ "India to consider alternatives to pellet gun use in Kashmir: minister". Reuters. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ "Why the Indian forces must stop using perilous pellet guns against Kashmiris now". 15 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ "Amnesty: Stop using pellet guns on Kashmiri protesters". Al Jazeera. 4 August 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
- ^ Bukhari, Fayaz (22 July 2016). "India to consider alternatives to pellet gun use in Kashmir – Rajnath Singh". Reuters. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- ^ "Avoid using pellet guns, Rajnath Singh tells security forces in Kashmir". Indian Express. 24 July 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
- ^ Kaur Sandhu, Kamaljit (25 July 2016). "CRPF Chief expresses regret over injuries due to pellet guns". Indian Today. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir unrest: Army backs CRPF's pellet guns, says its 'least lethal'". Hindustan Times. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
- ^ "Use of pellet guns will further alienate people in Jammu and Kashmir: Ghulam Nabi Azad". The Indian Express. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
- ^ "Use of pellet guns on young protesters unacceptable: Amarinder". Business Standard. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
- ^ "CPI(M) Kashmir criticises DG CRPF for his comment on pellet guns". The Indian Express. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
- ^ "Discontinue Pellet Guns, Says Jammu and Kashmir High Court". NDTV. 24 July 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
- ^ "High Court Seeks Centre's Report On Use Of Pellet Guns In Jammu And Kashmir". NDTV. 26 July 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
- ^ "J&K HC seeks reply on use of pellet guns". The Hindu. 3 August 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
- ^ "Like asking when will you stop beating your wife: CRPF DG apologises for misogynist remarks". India Today.
- ^ "Wife-beating' quip roils CRPF boss". The Calcutta Telegraph. 9 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ^ "CRPF Chief Compares Use Of Pellet Guns In Kashmir To Wife Beating". Huffington Post. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ^ Sharma, Arun (13 August 2016). "Kashmir unrest: Pellet guns used only in extreme situations, says J&K deputy CM". The Indian Express. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
- ^ Singh, Rahul (15 August 2016). "Army backs pepper shots, chilli grenades over pellet guns in Kashmir". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
- ^ "More fatalities if pellet guns are banned, CRPF tells Jammu and Kashmir high court". Times of India. Press Trust of India. 19 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ^ Raina, Anil (19 August 2016). "Pellet gun ban will lead to more deaths: CRPF". Ahmedabad Mirror. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir: No blanket ban on pellet guns, but will be used in 'rarest of rare' cases". The Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 29 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
- ^ "Rajnath Singh gives nod for use of PAVA shells for mob control". The Economic Times. Press Trust of India. 3 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir: Rajnath Singh approves use of chilli-based shells for crowd control". The Indian Express. 3 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- ^ D.A. Rashid (7 September 2016). "In High Court, Govt justifies use of pellet guns, calls it 'modern method' of crowd control". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
- ^ "Using pellets in Kashmir is sensible: V K Singh". Business Standard. Indo Asian News Service. 13 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ "J&K High Court refuses to ban pellet guns, cites mob violence in Valley". The Economic Times. Press Trust of India. 21 September 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
- ^ "Kashmir: Pellet guns with deflectors, CRPF's new jugaad for stone-pelters".