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| Petrol engine: {{convert|280|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}}
| Petrol engine: {{convert|280|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}}
| Electric motors: {{convert|165|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}}
| Electric motors: {{convert|165|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}}
| Combined: {{convert|317|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.autodevot.com/2017/10/3rd-generation-toyota-century-gets-hybrid-powertrain/|title=3rd generation Toyota Century gets hybrid powertrain|website=www.autodevot.com|accessdate=29 October 2017}}</ref>
| Combined: {{convert|317|kW|hp PS|abbr=on|0}}
}}
}}
| transmission = [[Continuously variable transmission|eCVT]]<ref name="goo-net-2018"/>
| transmission = [[Continuously variable transmission|eCVT]]<ref name="goo-net-2018"/>

Revision as of 07:55, 20 September 2019

Toyota Century
Overview
ManufacturerToyota Motor Corporation
Production
  • November 1967 – January 2017
  • June 2018 – present
Body and chassis
Class
Body style4-door limousine
LayoutFront-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Chronology
PredecessorToyota Crown Eight (G10)

The Toyota Century (Japanese: トヨタ・センチュリー, Toyota Senchurī) is a large four-door limousine produced mainly for the Japanese market, serving as Toyota's flagship car within Japan; globally the unrelated Lexus LS series is Toyota's flagship luxury model outside Japan. Production of the Century began in 1967, and the model received only minor changes until a redesign in 1997. The Century derived its name from the 100th birthday of Sakichi Toyoda (born 14 February 1867), the founder of Toyota Industries. It is often used by the Imperial House of Japan, the Prime Minister of Japan, senior Japanese government leaders, and high-level executive businessmen. The Century is comparable in purpose to the Austin Princess/Daimler DS420, Cadillac Series 70, Mercedes-Benz 600, Chinese Red Flag, Rolls-Royce, and Russian ZIS/ZIL limousines. The first-generation Century was available with only a V8 engine, the third Japanese-built sedan post-war, at its introduction in 1967 until a full platform redesign in 1997. The second generation was only installed with a Toyota-designed and -built V12, an engine unique to the Century, until 2018, when the power-train was reverted to a V8 with the addition of Toyota's hybrid technology. While the Century is a premium, full-size luxury sedan, it is not available at Japanese Lexus dealerships; it can only be purchased at specifically identified Toyota Store locations. The bird logo used throughout is called the Hō'ō (鳳凰) or Fushichō from Asian mythology, representing the Imperial House of Japan, and the image can be found throughout Asia, such as the Kinkaku-ji in Kyoto.[1]

The exterior styling of the Century has, with some modifications, remained unchanged since its introduction, primarily due to its perception as denoting conservative success. Its appearance is iconic in Asian countries and is usually painted black. The closest Japanese competitor was the Nissan President, with a similar status reputation although, during the 1960s and '70s, the high market positioning was also shared with the Mitsubishi Debonair.[2] Other Japanese competitors introduced large sedans—the Isuzu Statesman de Ville and the Mazda Roadpacer (derived from General Motors-Australia products)—which were short-lived.

First generation (G20/G30/G40; 1967–1997)

First generation (G20/G30/G40)[3]
Overview
ProductionNovember 1967 – March 1997
AssemblyJapan: Susono, Shizuoka (Higashi Fuji plant)[4]
DesignerKenya Nakamura
Body and chassis
Body style4-door limousine
Powertrain
Engine
  • 2,599 cc (159 cu in) 3V V8 (1967-1973)
  • 3,376 cc (206 cu in) 4V V8 (1973-1982)
  • 3,994 cc (244 cu in) 5V V8 (1982-1997)
Power output150–190 PS (110–140 kW)
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • 2,860 mm (112.6 in) (standard)
  • 3,010 mm (118.5 in) (L-type)
  • 3,510 mm (138.2 in) (limousine)
Length
  • 5,120 mm (201.6 in) (standard)
  • 5,270 mm (207.5 in) (L-type)
  • 5,770 mm (227.2 in) (limousine)
Width1,890 mm (74.4 in)
Height1,430–1,460 mm (56.3–57.5 in)
Curb weight1,760–1,830 kg (3,880–4,030 lb)

The original Century was based on the 1964 Crown Eight, which featured the 2.6 L V8 Toyota V engine, and appeared almost two years after the October 1965 introduction of the 4-liter Nissan President. The design remained largely untouched during its 30-year production run, apart from minor cosmetic changes and engine upgrades. This appearance has also inspired the designs of subsequent versions, as it remains desired by its clientele.

The 1967 Century was equipped with an upgraded version of the Crown Eight engine, the 3.0 L 3V. 1973 saw the introduction of the 3.4 L 4V, replaced by the 4V-U two years later, benefitting from the installation of emission control technology Toyota called "TTC". Only column shifters were available at first, with a manual being the base option. The manually shifted versions (Type A and Type B) were discontinued in 1973 and August 1974 respectively. The 3.4-liter V8 received fuel injection in November 1978 (4V-EU), enabling the car to meet the 1978 Emissions Standards.[5] This also meant that the chassis code was changed, to VG35.[6] The engine was once again changed to the 4.0 L 5V-EU in November 1982 (VG40). Note that the 3V, 4V, and 5V do not refer to the number of valves in the engine but simply denote model names in the Toyota V engine range.[7] On the "C" pillar there is a badge in blue with a gothic-style "C" for Century with a label "V8" below.

In 1971, automatic climate control became available, an innovation.[8] Along with the change of engine in April 1973 (VG21) a host of other changes took place. The electromagnetic locks were changed, the tail lights were changed (now with amber turn signal lenses) as well as the inclusion of front disc brakes. In September 1987 the Century received another light makeover, changing from a hydraulically operated three-speed to an electronically operated four-speed automatic transmission. A floor-mounted shifter became available on a model called the D-type, which also had front bucket seats rather than a full-width bench. The grille received detail changes and the cornering lamps were integrated into the headlight surrounds.

During Japan's Bubble Economy, sales of the Century doubled (from 1,027 in 1985 to 2,117 in 1989).[9] The Century wasn't enough for these heady days, and in October 1989 the Century Limousine appeared. This was 650 mm (26 in) longer for an overall length of 5,770 mm (227.2 in), on a 3,510 mm (138.2 in) wheelbase, approximately the same dimensions as a Cadillac de Ville series, Lincoln Town Car, Mercedes-Benz S-Class, or a Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit. The Limousine also received a standard padded vinyl roof and an opera window in the centre pillar, where the stretch was placed. It also uses 150 mm wider rear doors, for a more balanced design and ease of entry. An annual production of 60 was planned.[9] As of September 1990 there was also an L-type stretched version of the Century — length is 5,270 mm (207.5 in) with a wheelbase of 3,010 mm (118.5 in); this model uses the same larger rear doors as were fitted to the Century Limousine. In December 1992 the Century received its last makeover, with some very minor changes taking place in late 1994.

A Toyota Century with a GT45 gas turbine and electric motor was shown as the Century gas turbine hybrid concept vehicle at the 1975 Tokyo Motor Show.[10]

Chassis codes

  • VG20: 3.0 L 3V V8, 1967–1973
  • VG21: 3.4 L 4V V8, 1973–1975
  • VG30: 3.4 L 4V-U V8, 1975–January 1977
  • C-VG30: January 1977–November 1978 (1977 Emissions Standards)
  • E-VG35: November 1978–1982[6] (1978 Emissions Standards)
  • VG40: 4.0 L 5V-EU V8, 1982–1997
  • VG45: 4.0 L 5V-EU V8 (L-type) 1990–1997
  • First generation (G20, G30, G40)
  • 1982 VG40 Century
    1982 VG40 Century
  • Rear passenger area (Limousine VG45 series) with antimacassars
    Rear passenger area (Limousine VG45 series) with antimacassars
  • 1990 VG40 Century
    1990 VG40 Century

Second generation (G50; 1997–2017)

Second generation (G50)[11]
Overview
ProductionApril 1997 – January 2017
AssemblyJapan: Susono, Shizuoka (Higashi Fuji plant)[4]
DesignerAkira Shimizu
Body and chassis
Body style4-door limousine
RelatedToyota Century Royal
Powertrain
Engine4,996 cc (305 cu in) 1GZ-FE V12
Power output206 kW (276 hp; 280 PS)
Transmission
  • 4-speed automatic (1997–2004)
  • 6-speed automatic (2005–2016)
Dimensions
Wheelbase3,025 mm (119.1 in)
Length5,270 mm (207 in)
Width1,890 mm (74 in)
Height1,475 mm (58.1 in)
Curb weight1,990 kg (4,390 lb)

The Century received a complete redesign in April 1997, although the new model was visually very similar to the previous generation. This model is powered by a 280 PS (206 kW; 276 hp) 5.0 L 1GZ-FE V12, initially with a 4-speed automatic, until a 6-speed "intelligent" transmission arrived in 2005. It also features air suspension. The Century remains the first and only Japanese front-engine, rear-wheel-drive production car equipped with a V12, and it is Toyota's first V12 engine.[12] As this is a top level luxury flagship, private owners are comfortable with the yearly road tax bill.

The Century was Toyota's most luxurious model at its inception in 1967, and maintained this status throughout the 20th century. Today, it was positioned above the Lexus line-up, and remained the most luxurious and prestigious model to wear the Toyota badge. The Century shared the role of flagship with the Toyota Crown Majesta with almost identical dimensions to the Century but with a more modern approach and appearance that appealed to younger buyers, and both vehicles were exclusive to the Toyota Store dealership network in Japan. This generation no longer offered the ability to select which level of equipment preferred, designated as the D-Type, E-Type and the extended length L-Type of the previous generation, and changed to offering either a floor-mounted or column-mounted transmission selector.[13] From 2003 through 2004, the V12 engine was briefly offered the ability to use CNG fuel. On the "C" pillar there is a badge in blue with a gothic-style "C" for Century with a label "V12" below.

Like other cars in the top of the luxury class, the Century is designed with the rear passengers in mind. Hence, the rear seats recline and the front passenger seat has a fold-down center section so that a passenger in the back may stretch his feet forward. The rear seats are equipped with a massage system. The exterior door handles open the doors electrically since the sound of the door being opened mechanically is perceived as being "too obtrusive". The doors do not need to be closed directly, instead the door only needs to contact the latch, causing the door to pull itself completely closed electrically.[13]

The vehicles' interiors are usually ordered in wool cloth, rather than the leather seen in many luxury cars; leather is not as quiet as cloth when sat upon. The vehicle interior colors are limited to medium brown, light brown, burgundy, gray or royal blue inside, with a choice of five exterior colors including black. The Century is distinguished by different paint options than the rest of the Toyota line-up, and color choices have culturally significant names. They are (カムイ) Kamui Eternal Black, (摩周湖) Lake Mashū Shrine Blue Mica, (鸞) Rinpo Glorious Gray Metallic, (精華) Seika Radiant Silver Metallic and (彩雲) Seiun Cloud Demure Blue Mica Metallic.[14] The painting of each car is one of the most detailed in the manufacturing process. It involves hand painting, followed by wet sanding by hand, then hand polishing to a mirror finish. The Century has seven layers of paint used to complete the mirror like appearance. Vehicles primarily intended for livery service usually have leather interiors in gray, for easier interior cleaning and durability. White lace curtains are usually installed in the rear window, instead of tinted windows, which are perceived to attract unwarranted attention. The passengers usually like to be seen in a Century, despite Asian tendencies for modesty.

The Century is priced at ¥11,445,000 (approximately US$100,000 as of 2009). In comparison, the base price for the full-size luxury 2008 Lexus LS 460 is approximately ¥10,000,000 (US$87,000),[15] with the LS 600h L at ¥15,000,000 (US$125,800).

In 2006, the G-BOOK vehicle telematics subscription service was added to the list of standard features.

Although the Century is generally not exported, it is frequently used by Japanese diplomats overseas. Around 100 cars were produced with left-hand drive starting in 1998, and were exported to Europe, the Middle East and the United States for promotional and testing purposes.[16] Several were in use as corporate cars for Toyota's North American executives.[17]

In contrast to other luxurious cars (such as the Maybach or Rolls-Royce), the Century has not been positioned and marketed as a sign of wealth or excess. Marketing literature states roughly that, "the Century is acquired through persistent work, the kind that is done in a plain but formal suit."[18]

The second generation Century was discontinued on 4 February 2017, after almost 20 years of production.[19]

  • Second generation (G50)
  • 1997 Century rear
    1997 Century rear
  • A Premium Century at the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show
    A Premium Century at the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show
  • 1997 Century driver's seat
    1997 Century driver's seat
  • 1GZ-FE V12
    1GZ-FE V12
  • A Toyota Century used by the Japanese Ambassador to France, with French diplomatic license plates
    A Toyota Century used by the Japanese Ambassador to France, with French diplomatic license plates

Toyota Century Royal (G51; 2006–2008)

Toyota Century Royal (G51)
Empress 1
Overview
Production
Body and chassis
Body style4-door limousine
RelatedToyota Century
Powertrain
Engine4,996 cc (305 cu in) 1GZ-FE V12
Transmission6-speed automatic (6 Super ECT)
Dimensions
Wheelbase3,510 mm (138 in)
Length6,155 mm (242.3 in)
Width2,050 mm (81 in)
Height1,770 mm (70 in)
Curb weight2,920 kg (6,440 lb)

The Toyota Century Royal is the official state car currently used by the Emperor of Japan, being a specially prepared Toyota Century, a one-off ¥52,500,000 (US$500,000) custom car. The car was produced at the request of the Japanese Imperial Household Agency,[20] to be used by senior members of the Imperial House of Japan. This special version has wool cloth upholstery, internal granite entry steps and Japanese washi rice paper headlining for the passenger compartment, as well as undisclosed security measures. The front passenger compartment is upholstered in leather. With the introduction of the third generation Century in 2018, the tail lights on the Century Royal are vertical, while the civilian Century maintains horizontal tail lights across the back of the vehicle.

Five vehicles were originally ordered, but due to the individual cost for each only four were built. According to the translation of the corresponding article on Japanese Wikipedia, one car called Empress 1 is used by the Imperial Palace. Another was built as a hearse in 2008, known as Empress 2, and was used for the funeral of Prince Mikasa 27 October 2016.[21][22] Empress 3 and Empress 5, due to additional security equipment installed, cost ¥94,500,000 (US$851,445) each, are assigned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The designation "Empress 4" is not used because the number 4 is considered unlucky. Each vehicle that is used for official transport is given a small round badge attached to the grille at the right with the Kanji character representing "Empress" (Japanese:皇) along with an Arabic number.

The suspension consists of double wishbones for both the front and rear wheels, supplemented by air-bag support springs. The engine used is shared from the second-generation Toyota Century 5.0 L-V12 with horsepower rated at 280 PS (206 kW; 276 bhp) and 460 N⋅m (340 lbf⋅ft) at 4000rpm.[23] For various state functions, additional conventional Century sedans are used with a designated "Empress" number roundel.

This vehicle replaced the fleet of four 40-year-old Nissan Prince Royal limousines that were beginning to show their age. After the Prince Royals were no longer deemed appropriate by the Imperial Household Agency, the Emperor and Empress had been seen riding in a conventional Century until the Century Royals were ready for service. The Century Royal is exclusive to the Imperial Household and was presented for service on July 7, 2006. When the Emperor is riding inside, the Imperial Standard is displayed on the top of the grille. An additional roundel, known as the Imperial Seal of Japan is also displayed at both the front and rear of the car in place of a license plate, and on the exterior of both rear passenger doors, displaying a 16-petal chrysanthemum in golden colour, denoting the Chrysanthemum Throne of Japan.

The limousine stretches around 20 feet in length and 6.5 feet across,[24] —the same length as a Maybach 62 and both longer and heavier than a 2003 Rolls-Royce Phantom. Previous Emperors were driven in a Nissan Prince Royal (1967–2008), Cadillac Series 75 (1951–1970), Mercedes-Benz 770 W07 Series (1932–1968), Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost (1921–1936), and a Daimler (1913–1927).[citation needed]

Chassis codes

  • Toyota Century (G50)
  • The Emperor Emeritus in a conventional Century labeled Empress 8
    The Emperor Emeritus in a conventional Century labeled Empress 8

Third generation (G60; 2018–present)

Third generation (G60)
Overview
ProductionJune 2018 – present
AssemblyJapan: Susono, Shizuoka (Higashi Fuji plant)
DesignerMasato Tanabe
Body and chassis
Body style4-door limousine
Powertrain
Engine4,968 cc (303 cu in) 2UR-FSE V8
Power output
  • Petrol engine: 280 kW (375 hp; 381 PS)
  • Electric motors: 165 kW (221 hp; 224 PS)
  • Combined: 317 kW (425 hp; 431 PS)[25]
TransmissioneCVT[26]
Dimensions
Wheelbase3,090 mm (122 in)
Length5,335 mm (210.0 in)[26]
Width1,930 mm (76 in)[26]
Height1,505 mm (59.3 in)[26]
Curb weight2,370 kg (5,220 lb)[26]

The third generation Century was unveiled at the October 2017 Tokyo Motor Show.[27] The car then went on sale on 22 June 2018, with prices starting from ¥19,600,000[26] (approximately US$180,000 at June 2018 exchange rates) to the top grade Century Limousine at ¥60,000,000. It is to be offered in four exterior colors, with culturally significant names; (神威) Kamui Eternal Black, (摩周) Lake Mashū Shrine Blue Mica, (飛鳥) Asuka (Black Ash) Red Mica, and (精華) Seika Radiant Silver Metallic.[28]The Century's production is limited to 50 per month, and is built in a "nearly hand-made" fashion.[29]

It shows that its appearance was influenced by the Century Royal, which was produced at the request of the Japanese Imperial Household Agency to be used by senior members of the Imperial House of Japan in 2006.[30] The full model update maintains the visual tradition of the Century model, while incorporating appropriate technological upgrades and advances such as Toyota Safety Sense P-series collision avoidance support, and Toyota T-Connect.[31] The traditionally installed side-view mirrors above the front wheels, a standard feature that started with the first generation, have been replaced with door mounted units, incorporating turn signal lights. Unlike other Toyota products, which have the Toyota badge, and hybrid installed vehicles with a separate "hybrid badge" with an additional Toyota or Lexus badge with a blue background, the Century has the traditional Fushichō badge and the word "Century" in block letters on the trunklid and does not carry the Toyota badge or designation. On the "C" pillar there is a badge in blue with a gothic-style "C" for Century with a label "hybrid" below. This badge is a traditional Century styling feature that first appeared in 1967.

There are many features that are exclusive to the Century. The grille is the classic narrow vertical chrome strips with a second layer underneath of interlocking circles that are also used for the turn signals used in the front bumper. The rear taillights are also a traditional appearance which debuted with the first generation in 1967. As with previous generations, rear passenger comfort and convenience is made a priority. The rear seats have a recline feature, with integrated heaters and massage function, as well as an adjustable power leg rest for the rear seat opposite the driver. The sound system comes standard with 20 speakers. A 20-inch LCD screen is installed for rear seat passengers that let occupants control many aspects and features as a convenience as well as playing video content. The standard upholstery fabric continues to be offered in three color choices using 100% wool with a unique heather pattern, with leather remaining available optionally in two different color combinations. Both upholstery choices include two different wood inlay selections. The transmission selector, which on previous generations was either floor mounted or steering column installed, is now only available on the floor.

It is equipped with a 5.0-liter 2UR-FSE V8 engine part of the Toyota Hybrid System II, maintaining the previous displacement of the V12 engine with the convenience of an electric powertrain in urban driving environments and fuel expense savings, with a fuel economy of 13.6 km/L (38 mpg‑imp; 32 mpg‑US), while the previous generation had 10 km/L (28 mpg‑imp; 24 mpg‑US). The powertrain package was originally installed in the 2008-2017 Lexus LS 600h & LS 600h L; with the introduction of the XF50 series Lexus LS which no longer offers a V8 engine, this powertrain will now be unique to the Century.[32] The suspension has been upgraded from the previous double wishbone to a multi-link suspension with supplemental air bags to further enhance ride quality. Toyota first displayed a hybrid engine in the Century at the 1975 Tokyo Motor Show in the Century gas turbine hybrid, with a GT45 gas turbine and electric motor.[10]

Century GRMN

On 18 September 2018, the website Japanese Nostalgic Car published an article showing photos of a factory appearance package for the Century, called the Century GRMN (Gazoo Racing Masters of the Nürburgring). It is not clear whether this will be a one-off or not,[33] as the Toyota Crown Majesta has been discontinued. On 20 September 2018, an article was published by Japanese website Response showing President of Toyota Motor Corporation Akio Toyoda getting into his personally modified Century, which didn't appear to be the same as the conventional model currently available. The website suggested that a sport-oriented version of the Century might be offered soon.[34] On 25 November 2018, the car appeared at the Toyota GAZOO Racing Festival, where it appeared alongside the fifth generation Supra.[35] At the 2019 Tokyo Auto Salon, a Century GRMN appeared in black.

  • Toyota Century GRMN
    Toyota Century GRMN
  • Toyota Century GRMN at 2019 Tokyo Auto Salon
    Toyota Century GRMN at 2019 Tokyo Auto Salon

Royal Parade Car

On 19 November 2018, the Imperial Household Agency announced a request to provide an open top parade car for the Coronation Ceremony of Naruhito 22 October 2019,[36] called Shukuga Onretsu no Gi.[37] Previously, the only parade car used by the Imperial Household Agency was a 1990 Rolls Royce Corniche, which had been found to be too old and needing repair to bring up to serviceability. The Imperial Household Agency had expressed a desire to have a Japanese automobile manufacturer build or provide a specially prepared open top vehicle.[38], and released an official request [39] On 17 January 2019, it was announced that a Toyota Century would be modified as a convertible for the event.[40] On September 19, an image of the new convertible was released, showing that it is a four door convertible with rear conventional doors. [41]

Chassis codes

  • Toyota Century (G60)
  • Toyota Century front
    Toyota Century front
  • Toyota Century Side
    Toyota Century Side
  • Toyota Century Rear
    Toyota Century Rear

See also

References

  1. ^ Schumacher, Mark (2011-08-27). "Hou-ou (or Hoo-oo)—the Japanese Phoenix". Onmark Productions. Retrieved 2016-11-05.
  2. ^ "Mitsubishi Automotive History" (Press release). South Africa: Mitsubishi. Archived from the original on 2008-09-22. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
  3. ^ Toyota Century, Japanese sales brochure, circa 1990
  4. ^ a b "Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries)-Toyota Motor East Japan, Inc". Toyota. 2012. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
  5. ^ 自動車ガイドブック [Japanese Motor Vehicles Guide Book 1979/1980] (in Japanese), vol. 26, Japan: Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, 1979-11-01, p. 113, 053-790026-3400
  6. ^ a b Automobile Guide Book 1979/1980, p. 118
  7. ^ "トヨタ　センチュリー | 世代別モデル一覧" [Toyota Century | Generation model list]. Toyota. Retrieved 2017-10-21 – via Gazoo.
  8. ^ "75 Years of Toyota - Technical Development - Electronics Parts". Toyota. 2012. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
  9. ^ a b Tazawa (田澤), Kōichi (晃一), ed. (1997). 絶版車カタログ 国産車編 Part5 1980~1989 [Japanese Historic Car Graffiti: Car Catalog part 5, 1980–1989]. Eichi Mook (in Japanese). Tokyo: Eichi Publishing (英知出版). p. 5. ISBN 4-7542-5120-2.
  10. ^ a b Toyota brochure from the 1975 Tokyo Motor Show (Japanese)
  11. ^ Toyota Century (second generation), Japanese sales brochure, #TB0018-0105 (2001)
  12. ^ "75 Years of TOYOTA | Technical Development | Engines". Toyota. 2012. Retrieved 2015-01-02.
  13. ^ a b "Toyota Century Catalog". Goo-Net. Proto Corporation. Retrieved 2017-10-08.
  14. ^ "2013 Toyota Century catalog" (PDF). Toyota Century Catalog. Toyota Motor Corporation. 2013. Retrieved 2017-10-08.
  15. ^ Schreffler, Roger; Chrysler, Mack (2006-12-28). "Lexus Slowly Progressing in Japan". WardsAuto. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
  16. ^ "トヨタ自動車 製品企画本部 センチュリー 開発主査 清水 勉 インタビュー(5/5)|NEXTALK【オートックワン】". オートックワン (in Japanese). Retrieved 2018-08-03.
  17. ^ Motavalli, Jim (2005-01-30). "What the Heck Was That Crazy Car?". The New York Times. US. Retrieved 2018-07-13.
  18. ^ "Perpetual Classic: 2013 Toyota Century: The Ultimate Brougham Time Machine". Curbside Classic. 2013-05-20. Retrieved 2013-05-21.
  19. ^ Hsu, Ben (2017-10-05). "NEWS: Toyota will introduce a new Century for only the third time in 50 years". Japanese Nostalgic Car. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
  20. ^ "Goryō new vehicles - the Imperial Household Management Division" (in Japanese). 2006-07-12. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
  21. ^ トヨタ センチュリー ロイヤル 寝台車 [Toyota Century Royal hearse]. Retrieved 2017-10-15 – via YouTube.
  22. ^ Iwasaki, Koyata (2016-02-22). "Toyota Century Royal hearse". Retrieved 2017-10-15 – via Wheelsage.
  23. ^ "センチュリー フロアシフト（2014年4月） のカタログ情報" [Century Floor Shift (April 2014) Catalogue]. Goo-net.com. Proto. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
  24. ^ "Toyota gives emperor the Century Royal treatment". Windingroad.com. 2006-07-13. Retrieved 2007-08-29.
  25. ^ "3rd generation Toyota Century gets hybrid powertrain". www.autodevot.com. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g "TOYOTA CENTURY catalog - reviews, pics, specs and prices". Goo-net Exchange. Japan. 2018. Retrieved 2018-07-03.
  27. ^ "2018 Toyota Century". Toyota Global Newsroom. Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
  28. ^ トヨタ 新型 センチュリーハイブリッド 最高級フラッグシップモデルは2018年6月フルモデルチェンジ [Toyota's flagship Century hybrid to be fully remodelled in June 2018]. Kuruma GT (in Japanese). Japan. 2018-03-18. Retrieved 2018-03-31.
  29. ^ Saito, Ken (2019-07-24). "The Most Interesting Car Toyota Makes Is Too Luxurious for America". Jalopnik. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  30. ^ "2018 Toyota Century". Net Car Show. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
  31. ^ Toyota's Rolls-Royce for half the money - the incredible 2018 Century. 2017-10-27. Retrieved 2017-10-28 – via YouTube.
  32. ^ Hsu, Ben (2017-10-05). "NEWS: Toyota will introduce a new Century for only the third time in 50 years". Japanese Nostalgic Car. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
  33. ^ "NEWS: Akio Toyoda actually built a Century GRMN". Japanese Nostalgic Car. Japanese Nostalgic Car. Retrieved 2018-09-22.
  34. ^ "トヨタ センチュリー GRMN、世界に1台しかない豊田章男社長専用車がサプライズ登場…市販化は？" [Toyota Century GRMN, only one in the world President Akio Toyoda President appeared Surprise ... What about commercialization?]. Response. IID Incorported. Retrieved 2018-09-22.
  35. ^ "Toyota GAZOO Racing Festival". Toyota GAZOO Racing. Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved 2018-12-02.
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  38. ^ "New Emperor to parade in Japanese convertible". The Japan News. The Yomiuri Shimbun. 2018-11-19. Archived from the original on 2018-12-02. Retrieved 2018-12-01. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ "「祝賀御列の儀」における天皇皇后両陛下のお車の選定について" [The Selection of the Emperor and EmpressCar] (PDF). 2019-01-17. Retrieved 2019-06-24.
  40. ^ Tajima, Nobuhiko (2019-01-17). "Emperor to give final speech at abdication ceremony". Tha AsahiShinbum. Asahi Shinbum Company. Retrieved 2019-04-29.
  41. ^ "Here's the new Emperor's Toyota Century convertible". Japanese Nostalgic Car. Japanese Nostalgic Car. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
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