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{{Short description|Tallest building in South Korea}}
{{short description|Hong Kong's tallest building with 108 stories}}
{{pp-pc|small=no}}
{{Distinguish|Busan Lotte World Tower}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox building
| name = International Commerce Centre
| native_name = {{lang|zh-hk|環球貿易廣場}}
| image = ICC & 2IFC.jpg
| location = 1 [[Austin Road|Austin Road West]],<br/> [[West Kowloon]],<br/>[[Tsim Sha Tsui]], [[Hong Kong]]
| opening = {{Start date and age|2011}}
| start_date = {{Start date and age|2002|07|24|df=y}}
| completion_date = {{End date and age|2010|05|03|df=y}}
| building_type = Hotel, observation, office, dining, shopping, parking
| tip = {{cvt|490|m}}
| architectural = {{cvt|484|m}}
| roof = {{cvt|484|m}}
| top_floor = {{cvt|476|m}}
| observatory = {{cvt|393|m}}, [[Sky100]]
| floor_area = {{cvt|274,064|sqm}}
| floor_count = 108
| elevator_count = 84 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://shkp-icc.com/eng/main/building/icc-zoning.html | title=International Commerce Centre }}</ref>
| architect = [[Kohn Pederson Fox|Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates]] (design)<br>Belt Collins & Associates (landscape)<br>[[Wong & Ouyang|Wong & Ouyang (HK) Ltd.]]
| structural_engineer = [[Arup Group|Arup]]
| main_contractor = [[Sanfield (Management) Limited|Sanfield Building Contractors Limited]]
| developer = [[Sun Hung Kai Properties]]
| management = Kai Shing Management Services Limited}}


The '''International Commerce Centre''' is a 108-story, {{cvt|484|m}} [[supertall skyscraper]], on top of [[Elements, Hong Kong|Elements]], neighboring the high-class residential skyscrapers ''(The Harbourside, The Arch, The Cullinan)'' and near [[Kowloon station (MTR)|Kowloon station]] in [[Tsim Sha Tsui]], [[Hong Kong]]. The ICC's official height is {{cvt|490|m}}, which made by the {{cvt|6|m}} tall [[parapet|parapets]] on the roof. It is [[List of tallest buildings|the world's 13th tallest by height]], [[List of buildings with 100 floors or more|10th tallest by number of floors]], also [[List of tallest buildings in Hong Kong|Hong Kong's tallest]] and the only building with over 100 stories. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/international-commerce-centre/137 | title=International Commerce Centre - the Skyscraper Center }}</ref><ref>https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=12 {{bare URL inline|date=April 2023}}</ref> It was the world's 4th tallest and 3rd in [[Asia]] when completed in 2010.
{{Infobox Skyscraper
| building_name = Lotte World Tower<br />{{nobold|{{lang|ko|롯데월드타워}}}}
| location = [[Sincheon-dong, Seoul|Sincheon-dong]], [[Songpa-gu]], [[Seoul]], South Korea
| coordinates = {{coord|37|30|45|N|127|06|10|E|region:KR-11|display=inline,title}}
| image = Lotte_World_Tower_2019.jpg
| image_caption = The tower in 2019
| status = {{green|Completed}}
| top_floor = {{cvt|499|m}}
| architectural = {{cvt|555|m}}
| floor_count = 123 and 6 below ground
| groundbreaking_date = May 2009<ref name=CTBUH>{{ctbuh|88|access-date=4 August 2017}}</ref>
| building_type = Observation, office, hotel, residential, retail
| former_name = {{ubl|Two Lotte World Tower| Lotte World Premium Tower}}
| start_date = January 22, 2010
| completion_date = December 22, 2016
| opening = April 3, 2017
| floor_area = {{cvt|304,081|sqm}}
| developer = [[Lotte (conglomerate)|Lotte Engineering & Construction]]
| engineer = [[Syska Hennessy]] Group (MEP)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/lotte-world-tower/88 | title=Lotte World Tower - the Skyscraper Center }}</ref>
| architect = [[Kohn Pedersen Fox]]
| elevator_count = 61
| structural_engineer = Leslie E. Robertson Associates<ref>Editors. (April 20, 2016), [http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/04/20/2016042000717.html"Korea's Tallest Tower Embodies Industrial Malaise"] ''[[The Chosun Ilbo]]''</ref>
| website = {{url|www.lwt.co.kr}}
| alternate_names = Lotte Jamsil Super Tower
| highest_region = the [[OECD]] countries
| highest_reflabel =
| highest_prev = [[One World Trade Center]]
| highest_start = 2017
| highest_end =
}}


The south side of the ICC faces ''[[Victoria Harbour|Victoria Harbor]]'', and directly opposite "''Two International Finance Centre''", which is the 2nd tallest building in Hong Kong, standing at {{cvt|415|m}} tall with 88 stories. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://ifc.com.hk/en/office/one-two-ifc/ | title=One & Two ifc &#124; International Finance Centre, Hong Kong }}</ref>
'''Lotte World Tower''' ({{korean|hangul=롯데월드타워|rr=Rotde Woldeu Tawo}}), is a 123-story, {{cvt|555|m}} [[List of supertall skyscrapers|supertall skyscraper]], located in [[Sincheon-dong, Seoul|Sincheon-dong]], [[Songpa-gu]], [[Seoul]], South Korea. It is [[List of tallest buildings|the sixth tallest building in the world]], tallest in the [[OECD]] countries, and also the first in [[South Korea]] to be over 100 stories tall.


==Development==
It was the fifth tallest in the world when completed in 2016, though it was surpassed by the {{convert|599|m|abbr=on}} supertall building, [[Ping An Finance Center]] in [[Shenzen]], China, which opened on March 28, 2017. "The Tower" opened to the public on April 3.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jung |first1=Wooyoung |date=17 March 2016 |title=롯데월드타워 555m 달성 |url=http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2016/03/17/0200000000AKR20160317092800030.HTML?input=1195m |access-date=March 20, 2016 |website=[[Yonhap News Agency|Yonhap News]] |language=ko}}</ref> [[Haeundae LCT The Sharp]] in [[Busan]] is the second-tallest building in the country.{{Cn|date=July 2023}}
''[[MTR Corporation|MTR Corporation Limited]]'' and ''Sun Hung Kai Properties'', Hong Kong's [[rapid transit|metro]] operator and largest property developer, were responsible for development of this building. Its current name was officially announced in 2005, instead of ''[[Union Square (Hong Kong)|Union Square Phase 7]]''.


Construction started on reclaimed land in 2002, and halted on September 13, 2009, due to a lift shaft accident that killed 6 workers. <ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8253148.stm | title=Six die in HK lift shaft plunge | date=13 September 2009 }}</ref> It was completed in phases from 2007 to 2010, and opened in 2011, with ''The Ritz-Carlton'' opening in late March and ''Sky100'' in early April.
A "Sky Bridge Tour" is located on the roof of Lotte World Tower at {{convert|541|m|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web | url=https://seoulsky.lotteworld.com/en/facility/skyBridgeTour.do | title=Sky Bridge Tour : Facilities Guide : Seoul Sky }}</ref> which is the total height of [[One World Trade Center]], the tallest building in the United States.


The tower was designed by the American architectural firm ''[[Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates]] (KPF)'' in association with ''[[Wong & Ouyang]]'', and designed to be {{cvt|574|m}} with 102 floors. One of the reasons to the current height is [[Airway (aviation)|airways]].
== History ==
After 13 years of planning and site preparation,<ref name="world.kbs.co.kr">{{cite web|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/news/news_Dm_detail.htm?No=77118|title=Lotte World 2 Gains Final Approval|website=world.kbs.co.kr}}</ref> the tower gained final approval to start construction by the government in November 2010<ref name="world.kbs.co.kr"/> and the first groundbreaking activities of piling and frame assembly were observed at the construction site in March 2012.


==Floor count==
On December 31, 2015, the [[LED]]-[[Pixel|pixels]] of the façade displayed the number "2016".<ref>"Das frohe Neue Jahr kann kommen! I'm sudkoreanischen Seoul wurde bereits die LED-Schrift Auf dem Lotte World Premium Tower getestet." Picture of LED-lit facade tested with the vertical display of "2016" (viewed from the north). Kronen Zeitung (Print), Vienna, December 31, 2015, p 14. (German)</ref>
The top floor is numbered 118. Due to the number "4", meaning to unlucky in [[Cantonese]], and [[tetraphobia]] to buildings, is quite common in Hong Kong. (''Two International Finance Centre'', ''[[Nina Tower]]'' and [[private housing estates in Hong Kong|private housing estate]], as examples); plus, "missing level" makes the levels "be higher"! (Example: the top floor of ''[[The Cullinan]]'' is "93", in fact, 68). Except for level 3, 103 and 113, levels with "3" in the last digit were also skipped, and level 5, 6, 7, 26, 28, 29 & 105 missing as well for unknown reason.


They are currently replaced by levels with letter "M" and "R", which stand for ''"Mechanical"'' and ''"Refuge"''. Although the levels missing, it still shows on the elevator's screen of ''Sky100'' and ''Skydining 101'' while going up and down.
On April 3, 2017, Lotte shot off fireworks to celebrate the tower's official opening.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/245829556-story|title=WATCH: Fireworks at the grand opening of the Lotte World Tower|last=FOX|website=fox5atlanta.com|access-date=2017-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406194036/http://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/245829556-story|archive-date=2017-04-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>


[[File:360VR Lotte Tower Grand Opening Fireworks(South korea).webm|thumb|Fireworks display of the Lotte World Tower's grand opening]]
On January 1, 2018, Lotte shot off fireworks with a LED laser show for seven minutes to celebrate [[New Year's Day]] and the [[2018 Winter Olympics|2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics]].


28 floors were skipped: 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 33, 34, 43, 44, 53, 54, 63, 64, 73, 74, 83, 84, 93, 94, 104, 105, 114
==Design==
On March 17, 2016, before the final phase of external construction, the [[Diagrid]] lantern-shaped roof structure was completed. The roof structure was constructed with steel counterparts that are each {{convert|12|m|abbr=on}} and weigh 20 tons. The counterparts were made up of bent metal panels that are {{cvt|6|cm}} thick. The roof structure itself is {{convert|120|m|abbr=on}} high and covers floors 107–123. Approximately 3,000 tons of steel parts, a high-precision 64t tower crane and [[GPS]] alignment systems, as well as welding technicians, were used in the construction of the roof.


18 floors were added: UG, M1-1, M1-2, M1-3, M1-5, R1, R2, M2-1, M2-2, R3, M3-1, M3-2, R4, M4-1, M4-2, M4-3, M5, M6
The roof structure is engineered to withstand its weight without reinforcing pillars, endure earthquakes up to a magnitude of 9 under the [[Richter magnitude scale]], and winds up to {{cvt|80|m/s}}.


{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable"
The exterior of pale-coloured [[glass]] draws inspiration from Korean [[ceramic art|ceramics]] and features accents of metal [[filigree]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapernews.com/news.php?ref=2338|title = KPF Pen 555m Tall Korean Tower - Article #2338}}</ref>
|-align=center
! Level
! Real level
! Type
|-align=center
| 118
| 108
| The Ritz-Carlton (Ozone bar, swimming pool & fitness center)
|-align=center
| M6
| 107
| Mechanical
|-align=center
| 117
| 106
| The Ritz-Carlton (presidential suite)
|-align=center
| 116
| 105
| The Ritz-Carlton (spa & club lounge)
|-align=center
| 115
| 104
|rowspan=9| The Ritz-Carlton (guest rooms)
|-align=center
| 113
| 103
|-align=center
| 112
| 102
|-align=center
| 111
| 101
|-align=center
| 110
| 100
|-align=center
| 109
| 99
|-align=center
| 108
| 98
|-align=center
| 107
| 97
|-align=center
| 106
| 96
|-align=center
| M5
| 95
| Mechanical
|-align=center
| 103
| 94
| The Ritz-Carlton (reception lobby & Café 103)
|-align=center
| 102
| 93
| The Ritz-Carlton (dining)
|-align=center
| M4-3
| 92
| The Ritz-Carlton (for employees) / Mechanical
|-align=center
| M4-2
| 91
|rowspan=2|Mechanical
|-align=center
| M4-1
| 90
|-align=center
| R4
| 89
| Refuge
|-align=center
| 101
| 88
| Skydining 101
|-align=center
| 100
| 87
| Sky100, Café 100
|-align=center
| 99
| 86
| rowspan=3|[[Credit Suisse]]
|-align=center
| 98
| 85
|-align=center
| 97
| 84
|-align=center
| 96
| 83
| Office
|-align=center
| 95
| 82
| rowspan=7|[[Credit Suisse]]
|-align=center
| 92
| 81
|-align=center
| 91
| 80
|-align=center
| 90
| 79
|-align=center
| 89
| 78
|-align=center
| 88
| 77
|-align=center
| 87
| 76
|-align=center
| 86
| 75
| rowspan=3| [[IWG plc]]
|-align=center
| 85
| 74
|-align=center
| 82
| 73
|-align=center
| 81
| 72
| rowspan=4| Office
|-align=center
| 80
| 71
|-align=center
| 79
| 70
|-align=center
| 78
| 69
|-align=center
| M3-2
| 68
| rowspan=2|Mechanical
|-align=center
| M3-1
| 67
|-align=center
| R3
| 66
| Refuge
|-align=center
| 77
| 65
| rowspan=12| Office
|-align=center
| 76
| 64
|-align=center
| 75
| 63
|-align=center
| 72
| 62
|-align=center
| 71
| 61
|-align=center
| 70
| 60
|-align=center
| 69
| 59
|-align=center
| 68
| 58
|-align=center
| 67
| 57
|-align=center
| 66
| 56
|-align=center
| 65
| 55
|-align=center
| 62
| 54
|-align=center
| 61
| 53
| rowspan=9| [[Deutsche Bank]]
|-align=center
| 60
| 52
|-align=center
| 59
| 51
|-align=center
| 58
| 50
|-align=center
| 57
| 49
|-align=center
| 56
| 48
|-align=center
| 55
| 47
|-align=center
| 52
| 46
|-align=center
| 51
| 45
|-align=center
| 50
| 44
| Office
|-align=center
| 49
| 43
| rowspan=2|[[Sky lobby]]
|-align=center
| 48
| 42
|-align=center
| M2-2
| 41
| rowspan=2|Mechanical
|-align=center
| M2-1
| 40
|-align=center
| R2
| 39
| Refuge
|-align=center
| 47
| 38
|rowspan=14|[[Morgan Stanley]]
|-align=center
| 46
| 37
|-align=center
| 45
| 36
|-align=center
| 42
| 35
|-align=center
| 41
| 34
|-align=center
| 40
| 33
|-align=center
| 39
| 32
|-align=center
| 38
| 31
|-align=center
| 37
| 30
|-align=center
| 36
| 29
|-align=center
| 35
| 28
|-align=center
| 32
| 27
|-align=center
| 31
| 26
|-align=center
| 30
| 25
|-align=center
| 27
| 24
|rowspan=4|Office
|-align=center
| 25
| 23
|-align=center
| 22
| 22
|-align=center
| 21
| 21
|-align=center
| 20
| 20
| SPACE (fitness center)
|-align=center
| 19
| 19
|rowspan=6|Office
|-align=center
| 18
| 18
|-align=center
| 17
| 17
|-align=center
| 16
| 16
|-align=center
| 15
| 15
|-align=center
| 12
| 14
|-align=center
| R1
| 13
| Refuge
|-align=center
| M1-5
| 12
| rowspan=4|Mechanical
|-align=center
| M1-3
| 11
|-align=center
| M1-2
| 10
|-align=center
| M1-1
| 9
|-align=center
| 11
| 8
|rowspan=2|Office
|-align=center
| 10
| 7
|-align=center
| 9
| 6
| rowspan=2|The Ritz-Carlton (entrance), office lobby
|-align=center
| 8
| 5
|-align=center
| 3
| 4
| The Ritz-Carlton (ballroom), lobbies (office & Skydining 101)
|-align=center
| 2
| 3
| Sky100 (entrance), Elements, skyway to WKCD
|-align=center
| 1
| 2
| Sky100 (tickets), pick up & drop-off
|-align=center
| UG
| 1
| Transfer lobby
|-align=center
| G
| G
| Entrance (Nga Cheung Road), loading dock, parking
|-align=center
| B1
| B1
| rowspan=4| Parking
|-align=center
| B2
| B2
|-align=center
| B3
| B3
|-align=center
| B4
| B4
|-align=center
|}


==Floor plans==
==Floor directory==
It takes 68 seconds to [[List of public observation decks|the world's 14th highest observation deck]], ''[[Sky100]]'', from the lobby on level 2; along with [[Elements, Hong Kong|Elements]], and the [[skyway]] (behind the main entrance of ''Sky100'') to ''[[West Kowloon Cultural District]]'' (WKCD). <ref>{{cite web | url=https://sky100.com.hk/en/more/plan-your-visit/hong-kong-tourist-attractions/ | title=Hong Kong Tourist Attractions &#124; sky100 Hong Kong Observation Deck }}</ref>
{{external media|video1=https://youtube.com/watch?v=Ru1XEFllhtE The elevators in Lotte World Tower}}
Seoul Sky occupies the top seven levels. Floors 117–118 are the entrance and view floor, including a glass floor and sky show on 118. Sky Friends Cafe and the sky terrace are located on floors 119–120. Seoul Sky Cafe and a souvenir shop are on floors 121–122, and the premium lounge bar, 123 lounge, is on the top floor at {{convert|499|m|abbr=on}}.


''"Skydining"'' in Asian and Western style, including ''Inakaya, Odyssée, Perla, The Sky Boss'' and ''The Kitin'', sits on supertall level 101 at an elevation of {{cvt|399|m}}.
The observatory charges an admission for entry.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://seoulsky.lotteworld.com/ko/watch/admission.do | title=티켓안내 : 이용안내 : 롯데월드 전망대 }}</ref> The skylight of Seoul Sky was the highest glass floor observatory as of the tower's completion. The tower and One World Trade Center have concluded an operation and technical service agreement.<ref>{{cite web|title= Lotte World Tower - skyscraper |url= https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/lotte-world-tower/88 |website=skyscrapercenter.com |access-date=March 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.hankyung.com/article/2017082015781 |title=555m Seoul Sky · 541m won World Trade Center|date=20 August 2017|publisher=news.hankyung.com |access-date=2017-09-02}}</ref>


''[[The Ritz-Carlton, Hong Kong]]'' occupies level 3, 8, 9 and the top 17 floors (M4-3 to 118), offering 312 rooms as well as the world's highest bar, fitness center and swimming pool set on the top floor.
{| class="wikitable"

|-
The office floors are located on level 10 to 99, including a mechanical floor and refuge level; in which, the sky lobbies set on level 48 and 49, and the fitness center ''"SPACE"'' on level 20. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.icc-space.com.hk/space/Login.do | title=Icc Space }}</ref> ''[[Credit Suisse]]'', ''[[Morgan Stanley]]'' and ''[[Deutsche Bank]]'' have become anchor tenants of ICC's offices since 2008.
! Floor

! Use
==The ICC Light and Music Show==
|-
The LED [[Laser lighting display|light show]] set a new ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' for the “largest light and sound show on a single building” using a total of 50,000 m<sup>2</sup> on two facades of the ICC.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.tripadvisor.com.hk/Attraction_Review-g294217-d5040003-Reviews-ICC_Light_and_Music_Show-Hong_Kong.html | title=ICC Light and Music Show (Hong Kong) - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go }}</ref>
|123

|Premium Lounge Bar (Lounge 123)
The Show is designed by the lighting design supervisor, ''Hirohito Totsune'',<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/technology/article/1217545/hirohito-totsune-lights-icc | title=Hirohito Totsune lights up the ICC | date=19 April 2013 }}</ref> who already designed the lighting system of the ''[[Tokyo Skytree]]''. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://panasonic.net/electricworks/lighting/case/skytree/index.html | title=TOKYO SKYTREE® (Japan) &#124; Case Study &#124; lighting &#124; Electric Works &#124; Business &#124; Panasonic Global }}</ref>
|-

|122
It creates a theme and story line by using lights and music elements, similar to ''"[[A Symphony of Lights]]"'' in ''[[Victoria Harbour|Victoria Harbor]]''.
|Seoul Sky Cafe, Angel in Us Cafe

|-
==Transportation (daily)==
|121

|Observation (Seoul Sky) exit, Seoul Sky Shop
'''All-day:'''
|-

|120
''[[Mass Transit Railway]]'' '''(MTR)''': {{rcb|MTR|Airport Express|croute}} {{rcb|MTR|Tung Chung|croute}} at [[Kowloon station (MTR)|Kowloon station]] '''/''' {{rcb|MTR|Tuen Ma|croute}} at [[Austin station (MTR)|Austin station]] '''/''' [[Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link|Hong Kong High-speed rail]] at [[Hong Kong West Kowloon station]]
|Observation (Seoul Sky) exit, Sky Terrace

|-
''[[Kowloon Motor Bus]]'' '''(KMB)''': 8, 11, 36B, 42A, 46, 60X, 63X, 69X, 81, 95, 203E, 215X, 260X, 268X, 269B, 271, 280X, 281A, 296D, ''{{red|904}}, {{red|905}}, {{red|914}},'' 960, 961, 968, 978, W2, W3
|119

|Observation (Seoul Sky), Character Dessert Cafe (Sky Friends Cafe)
''[[Citybus (Hong Kong)|City Bus]]'' '''(CTB)''': ''{{red|904}}, {{red|905}}, {{red|914}},'' 930, 930X, 952, 962X, 969, 970, 970X, 971, 973, A11, A12, A22, E11 (E11A), E23 (E23A)
|-

|118
''[[Public light bus]]'' '''(minibus)''': 74, 74S, 77M, 78
|Observation (Seoul Sky) entrance, Sky Deck

|-
'''''(Routes {{red|in red}} refers to "jointly operated"!)'''''
|117
|Observation (Seoul Sky) entrance
|-
|115–116
|Mechanical floor
|-
|108–114
|Private office (Premier 7)
|-
|107
|Private office (Premier 7) Lobby, Signiel Club (member restaurant)
|-
|103–106
|Mechanical floor
|-
|102
|Refuge area
|-
|87–101
|Signiel Seoul Hotel guestrooms
|-
|86
|Spa, staff restricted area
|-
|85
|Indoor pool, fitness centre, sauna
|-
|84
|Mechanical floor
|-
|83
|Refuge area
|-
|82
|Bicena Korean restaurant
|-
|81
|Stay French restaurant, Bicena Korean restaurant
|-
|79–80
|Signiel Hotel lobby
|-
|76–78
|Signiel ballroom
|-
|72–75
|Mechanical floor
|-
|61–71
|Signial Residences
|-
|60
|Refuge area
|-
|59
|Mechanical floor
|-
|44–58
|Signial Residences
|-
|42–43
|Signial Residences lobby, fitness centre, golf room, ballroom
|-
|41
|Mechanical floor
|-
|40
|Refuge area
|-
|39
|Mechanical floor
|-
|32–38
|Office
|-
|31
|Seoul Sky 31 food court, Sky 31 convention
|-
|24–30
|Office
|-
|23
|Mechanical floor
|-
|22
|Refuge area
|-
|21
|Mechanical floor
|-
|14–20
|Office
|-
|13
|Mechanical floor
|-
|12
|Lotte Financial Centre, Hana Financial Investment, KEB Hana Bank, Woori Bank, Lotte World Tower Banking Centre
|-
|11
|BGN Eyeclinic
|-
|10
|Medical centre
|-
|8–9
|Lotte duty free shop
|-
|7
|Lotte Museum of Art
|-
|6
|Fitness platform (Move 360)
|-
|5
|Lotte World Tower publicity center, public relation office, press room
|-
|3–4
|Mechanical floor, store room, staff restricted area
|-
|2
|Office lobby
|-
|1
|Office, Signiel Hotel lobby, Angel in Us Cafe
|-
|B1
|Observation (Seoul Sky) entrance, Signial Residences lobby, Lotte World Tower emergency operation center, drop-off, Seoul Sky shop, Signature pharmacy
|-
|B2
|Observation (Seoul Sky) entrance, loading dock, parking lot
|-
|B3–B5
|Parking lot
|-
|B6
|Mechanical floor
|-
|}


==Incidents and accidents==
===Safety issues===
In 2013 and 2014, three construction workers died during the construction of the tower, and an executive director of Lotte's construction arm was given a suspended sentence of eight months in prison in 2016 for his role in neglecting safety measures at the site.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160121000959|title=Lotte executive gets suspended jail sentence in construction worker's death|last=Herald|first=The Korea |date=2016-01-21 |website=www.koreaherald.com |language=en |access-date=2019-10-03}}</ref> In December 2014, the Seoul city government ordered the mall and cinema complex at the base of the tower, which opened before completion of the tower, to be closed for five months after water was found leaking from an internal aquarium. Independent engineers who assessed the building found that the issues bore little relation to the overall structural integrity of the building and the mall and cinema complex reopened in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/15/realestate/commercial/in-seoul-lotte-world-tower-rises-leery-koreans-watch.html|title=Lotte World Tower Rises, and Leery Koreans Watch|last=Sang-Hun|first=Choe|date=2015-07-14|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-10-03|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


'''Overnight:'''
===Urban exploration===
In 2016, two [[Russians|Russian]] and [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] [[urban explorer]]s, Vadim Makhorov and Vitaly Raskalov from [[Ontheroofs]], illegally climbed the under-construction Lotte World Tower through stairs and Raskalov then free-climbed up the crane on the tower's top.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 April 2016|title=Climbing Lotte World Tower (555 meters) youtube video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_0k_KW6Xbk |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/x_0k_KW6Xbk |archive-date=2021-12-20 |url-status=live|work=[[Ontheroofs]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=10 April 2016|title=Climbing Lotte World Tower ontheroofs story with photos and video|url=http://ontheroofs.com/lotte-world-tower/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927023721/http://ontheroofs.com/lotte-world-tower/|archive-date=September 27, 2016|work=[[Ontheroofs]]}}</ref>
The video was viewed over 4 million times as of March 2023 and received worldwide media attention.<ref>{{cite news|date=31 March 2016|title=Daredevils evade security to climb 1,820-foot tower in South Korea|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/03/31/daredevils-evade-security-to-climb-1820-foot-tower-in-south-kore/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009082744/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/03/31/daredevils-evade-security-to-climb-1820-foot-tower-in-south-kore/|archive-date=October 9, 2016|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|last1=Ryall|first1=Julian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 April 2016|title=[Interview] Vitaliy Raskalov on his Lotte World Tower climb|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160412000651|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008055210/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160412000651|archive-date=October 8, 2016|work=[[The Korea Herald]]}}</ref>
Following the climb, Lotte World Tower released posters with the photos of Vitaly Raskalov and Vadim Makhorov and banned them from the building.<ref>{{cite web|date=30 March 2016|title=Ukrainian Daredevil Scales Seoul's Lotte World Tower|url=http://busanhaps.com/ukrainian-daredevil-scales-seouls-lotte-world-tower/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104173211/http://busanhaps.com/ukrainian-daredevil-scales-seouls-lotte-world-tower/|archive-date=November 4, 2016|work=[[Haps Magazine]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=30 March 2016|title=Daredevil climber beats security, tops Lotte World Tower|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2016/03/116_201386.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref>


''[[Citybus (Hong Kong)|City Bus]]'' '''(CTB)''': N11, N23 ''([[Tsz Wan Shan]] direction)'', N930, N952, N962, N969, NA11, NA12
===Illegal climbing===
On June 12, 2023, George King-Thompson, a 24-year-old British man, climbed the tower without ropes from the ground. The security discovered him on the 42nd floor at {{convert|192|m|abbr=on}} above ground at 7:50 am. While he was taking a break on the 72nd floor, the police stopped him on the 73rd floor at {{convert|313|m|abbr=on}} above ground by using a [[building maintenance unit]] at 8:47 am. After his arrest, he said that he had planned the climb for six months.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxQxqT9o7XY|title=Moment British man climbs to 72nd floor of Seoul skyscraper|accessdate=7 August 2023|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
Image:Union square.svg|A simplified map of [[Union Square (Hong Kong)|Union Square]] showing the location of the International Commerce Centre
File:Site of Lotte World 2.jpg|left|October 2007
File:International Commerce Centre 201008.jpg|Tower in August 2010
File:Lotte World Prem Twr construction.jpg|left|October 2011
File:International Commerce Centre Lift Lobby Overview 2008.jpg|Office lobby in November 2008
File:Lotte World Tower, Seoul, Korea, under construction 2013-12-04.JPG|December 2013
File:International Commerce Centre Lift Lobby Overview1.jpg|Office lobby void in November 2008
File:Lotte World Tower (22074455581).jpg|left|October 2015
File:Elements Access to International Commerce Centre 2013.jpg|Access from [[Elements, Hong Kong|Elements]] shopping mall in August 2013
File:Lotte World Groupe F Seoul.jpg|April 2017
File:The Cullinan.jpg|Residential complex [[The Cullinan]] and [[W Hong Kong]] hotel are located alongside the ICC. Taken in April 2007.
File:International Commerce Centre 7484.jpg|Viewed from [[Victoria Peak]], with the [[Yau Ma Tei Typhoon Shelter]] visible.
</gallery>
</gallery>


==See also==
== See also ==
* [[List of tallest buildings in Hong Kong]]
* [[Busan Lotte Town Tower]]
* [[List of buildings with 100 floors or more]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in China]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Seoul]]
* [[List of tallest buildings]]
{{Portal bar|Hong Kong|Architecture}}
* [[List of tallest buildings in South Korea]]
* [[Lotte World]]
* [[Lotte World Mall]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|33em}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Commons category|International Commerce Centre}}
* {{official website|http://www.shkp-icc.com/}}
* [http://www.lwt.co.kr Lotte World Tower Official Website]
* [http://www.building.com.hk/feature/2011_0517icc.pdf Article about the International Commerce Centre] in ''Building Journal'', April 2011.
* [http://www.elementshk.com/ Elements shopping mall official website]
* [[Wong & Ouyang (HK) Ltd.]], [http://www.building.hk/comprofile/20100118wongouyang.pdf "More than half-a-century of architectural design experience in Hong Kong"], section "International Commerce Centre and The Cullinan", pp.&nbsp;31–33, September 2009


{{Skyscrapers in Seoul}}
{{Buildings in Hong Kong timeline}}
{{Hong Kong Skyscrapers}}
{{Supertall skyscrapers|Current}}
{{Supertall skyscrapers | current}}
{{Emporis Skyscraper Award}}
{{Lotte}}


[[Category:Office buildings completed in 2016]]
[[Category:2010 establishments in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Lotte Corporation]]
[[Category:Office buildings completed in 2010]]
[[Category:Commercial buildings completed in 2011]]
[[Category:Kohn Pedersen Fox buildings]]
[[Category:Kohn Pedersen Fox buildings]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Songpa District]]
[[Category:MTR Corporation]]
[[Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Seoul]]
[[Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Residential skyscrapers in South Korea]]
[[Category:Sun Hung Kai Properties]]
[[Category:Skyscraper hotels in South Korea]]
[[Category:Union Square (Hong Kong)]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Seoul]]
[[Category:West Kowloon]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in South Korea]]

Revision as of 08:46, 18 August 2023

International Commerce Centre
環球貿易廣場
Map
General information
TypeHotel, observation, office, dining, shopping, parking
Location1 Austin Road West,
West Kowloon,
Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong
Construction started24 July 2002; 21 years ago (2002-07-24)
Completed3 May 2010; 14 years ago (2010-05-03)
Opening2011; 13 years ago (2011)
ManagementKai Shing Management Services Limited
Height
Architectural484 m (1,588 ft)
Tip490 m (1,610 ft)
Roof484 m (1,588 ft)
Top floor476 m (1,562 ft)
Observatory393 m (1,289 ft), Sky100
Technical details
Floor count108
Floor area274,064 m2 (2,950,000 sq ft)
Lifts/elevators84 [1]
Design and construction
Architect(s)Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates (design)
Belt Collins & Associates (landscape)
Wong & Ouyang (HK) Ltd.
DeveloperSun Hung Kai Properties
Structural engineerArup
Main contractorSanfield Building Contractors Limited

The International Commerce Centre is a 108-story, 484 m (1,588 ft) supertall skyscraper, on top of Elements, neighboring the high-class residential skyscrapers (The Harbourside, The Arch, The Cullinan) and near Kowloon station in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong. The ICC's official height is 490 m (1,610 ft), which made by the 6 m (20 ft) tall parapets on the roof. It is the world's 13th tallest by height, 10th tallest by number of floors, also Hong Kong's tallest and the only building with over 100 stories. [2][3] It was the world's 4th tallest and 3rd in Asia when completed in 2010.

The south side of the ICC faces Victoria Harbor, and directly opposite "Two International Finance Centre", which is the 2nd tallest building in Hong Kong, standing at 415 m (1,362 ft) tall with 88 stories. [4]

Development

MTR Corporation Limited and Sun Hung Kai Properties, Hong Kong's metro operator and largest property developer, were responsible for development of this building. Its current name was officially announced in 2005, instead of Union Square Phase 7.

Construction started on reclaimed land in 2002, and halted on September 13, 2009, due to a lift shaft accident that killed 6 workers. [5] It was completed in phases from 2007 to 2010, and opened in 2011, with The Ritz-Carlton opening in late March and Sky100 in early April.

The tower was designed by the American architectural firm Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates (KPF) in association with Wong & Ouyang, and designed to be 574 m (1,883 ft) with 102 floors. One of the reasons to the current height is airways.

Floor count

The top floor is numbered 118. Due to the number "4", meaning to unlucky in Cantonese, and tetraphobia to buildings, is quite common in Hong Kong. (Two International Finance Centre, Nina Tower and private housing estate, as examples); plus, "missing level" makes the levels "be higher"! (Example: the top floor of The Cullinan is "93", in fact, 68). Except for level 3, 103 and 113, levels with "3" in the last digit were also skipped, and level 5, 6, 7, 26, 28, 29 & 105 missing as well for unknown reason.

They are currently replaced by levels with letter "M" and "R", which stand for "Mechanical" and "Refuge". Although the levels missing, it still shows on the elevator's screen of Sky100 and Skydining 101 while going up and down.


28 floors were skipped: 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 33, 34, 43, 44, 53, 54, 63, 64, 73, 74, 83, 84, 93, 94, 104, 105, 114

18 floors were added: UG, M1-1, M1-2, M1-3, M1-5, R1, R2, M2-1, M2-2, R3, M3-1, M3-2, R4, M4-1, M4-2, M4-3, M5, M6

Level Real level Type
118 108 The Ritz-Carlton (Ozone bar, swimming pool & fitness center)
M6 107 Mechanical
117 106 The Ritz-Carlton (presidential suite)
116 105 The Ritz-Carlton (spa & club lounge)
115 104 The Ritz-Carlton (guest rooms)
113 103
112 102
111 101
110 100
109 99
108 98
107 97
106 96
M5 95 Mechanical
103 94 The Ritz-Carlton (reception lobby & Café 103)
102 93 The Ritz-Carlton (dining)
M4-3 92 The Ritz-Carlton (for employees) / Mechanical
M4-2 91 Mechanical
M4-1 90
R4 89 Refuge
101 88 Skydining 101
100 87 Sky100, Café 100
99 86 Credit Suisse
98 85
97 84
96 83 Office
95 82 Credit Suisse
92 81
91 80
90 79
89 78
88 77
87 76
86 75 IWG plc
85 74
82 73
81 72 Office
80 71
79 70
78 69
M3-2 68 Mechanical
M3-1 67
R3 66 Refuge
77 65 Office
76 64
75 63
72 62
71 61
70 60
69 59
68 58
67 57
66 56
65 55
62 54
61 53 Deutsche Bank
60 52
59 51
58 50
57 49
56 48
55 47
52 46
51 45
50 44 Office
49 43 Sky lobby
48 42
M2-2 41 Mechanical
M2-1 40
R2 39 Refuge
47 38 Morgan Stanley
46 37
45 36
42 35
41 34
40 33
39 32
38 31
37 30
36 29
35 28
32 27
31 26
30 25
27 24 Office
25 23
22 22
21 21
20 20 SPACE (fitness center)
19 19 Office
18 18
17 17
16 16
15 15
12 14
R1 13 Refuge
M1-5 12 Mechanical
M1-3 11
M1-2 10
M1-1 9
11 8 Office
10 7
9 6 The Ritz-Carlton (entrance), office lobby
8 5
3 4 The Ritz-Carlton (ballroom), lobbies (office & Skydining 101)
2 3 Sky100 (entrance), Elements, skyway to WKCD
1 2 Sky100 (tickets), pick up & drop-off
UG 1 Transfer lobby
G G Entrance (Nga Cheung Road), loading dock, parking
B1 B1 Parking
B2 B2
B3 B3
B4 B4

Floor directory

It takes 68 seconds to the world's 14th highest observation deck, Sky100, from the lobby on level 2; along with Elements, and the skyway (behind the main entrance of Sky100) to West Kowloon Cultural District (WKCD). [6]

"Skydining" in Asian and Western style, including Inakaya, Odyssée, Perla, The Sky Boss and The Kitin, sits on supertall level 101 at an elevation of 399 m (1,309 ft).

The Ritz-Carlton, Hong Kong occupies level 3, 8, 9 and the top 17 floors (M4-3 to 118), offering 312 rooms as well as the world's highest bar, fitness center and swimming pool set on the top floor.

The office floors are located on level 10 to 99, including a mechanical floor and refuge level; in which, the sky lobbies set on level 48 and 49, and the fitness center "SPACE" on level 20. [7] Credit Suisse, Morgan Stanley and Deutsche Bank have become anchor tenants of ICC's offices since 2008.

The ICC Light and Music Show

The LED light show set a new Guinness World Records for the “largest light and sound show on a single building” using a total of 50,000 m2 on two facades of the ICC.[8]

The Show is designed by the lighting design supervisor, Hirohito Totsune,[9] who already designed the lighting system of the Tokyo Skytree. [10]

It creates a theme and story line by using lights and music elements, similar to "A Symphony of Lights" in Victoria Harbor.

Transportation (daily)

All-day:

Mass Transit Railway (MTR): Airport Express Tung Chung line at Kowloon station / Tuen Ma line at Austin station / Hong Kong High-speed rail at Hong Kong West Kowloon station

Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB): 8, 11, 36B, 42A, 46, 60X, 63X, 69X, 81, 95, 203E, 215X, 260X, 268X, 269B, 271, 280X, 281A, 296D, 904, 905, 914, 960, 961, 968, 978, W2, W3

City Bus (CTB): 904, 905, 914, 930, 930X, 952, 962X, 969, 970, 970X, 971, 973, A11, A12, A22, E11 (E11A), E23 (E23A)

Public light bus (minibus): 74, 74S, 77M, 78

(Routes in red refers to "jointly operated"!)


Overnight:

City Bus (CTB): N11, N23 (Tsz Wan Shan direction), N930, N952, N962, N969, NA11, NA12

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ "International Commerce Centre".
  2. ^ "International Commerce Centre - the Skyscraper Center".
  3. ^ https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=12 [bare URL]
  4. ^ "One & Two ifc | International Finance Centre, Hong Kong".
  5. ^ "Six die in HK lift shaft plunge". 13 September 2009.
  6. ^ "Hong Kong Tourist Attractions | sky100 Hong Kong Observation Deck".
  7. ^ "Icc Space".
  8. ^ "ICC Light and Music Show (Hong Kong) - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go".
  9. ^ "Hirohito Totsune lights up the ICC". 19 April 2013.
  10. ^ "TOKYO SKYTREE® (Japan) | Case Study | lighting | Electric Works | Business | Panasonic Global".

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to International Commerce Centre.
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