November 8

November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining.

Events

• 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great pomp as would befit a returning god.
• 1520 - Stockholm Bloodbath begins: A successful invasion of Sweden by Danish forces results in the execution of around 100 persons.
• 1576 - Eighty Years' War: Pacification of Ghent - The States-General of the Netherlands meet and unite to oppose Spanish occupation.
• 1602 - The Bodleian Library at Oxford University is opened to the public.
• 1620 - The Battle of White Mountain, the first battle in the Thirty Years' War, takes place near Prague, ending in a decisive Catholic victory in only two hours.
• 1793 - In Paris, the French Revolutionary government opens the Louvre to the public as a museum.
• 1837 - Formation of Mount Holyoke Seminary, first US college founded for women
• 1861 - American Civil War: The "Trent Affair" – The USS San Jacinto stops the United Kingdom mailship Trent and arrests two Confederate envoys, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the UK and US.
• 1864 - U.S. presidential election, 1864: Abraham Lincoln is reelected in an overwhelming victory over George McClellan.
• 1889 - Montana is admitted as the 41st U.S. state.
• 1892 - U.S. presidential election, 1892: Grover Cleveland is elected over Benjamin Harrison and James B. Weaver to win the second of his non-consecutive terms.
• 1895 - While experimenting with electricity Wilhelm Röntgen discovers x-rays.
• 1917 - People's Commissars gives authority to Lenin, Trotsky and Stalin
• 1923 - Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government.
• 1932 - U.S. presidential election, 1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt defeats Herbert Hoover in a landslide victory.
• 1933 - Great Depression: New Deal - US President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveils the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create jobs for more than 4 million of the unemployed.
• 1935 - A dozen labor leaders come together to announce the creation of the Congress for Industrial Organization (CIO), an organization charged with pushing the cause for industrial unionism.
• 1935 - Fernand Bouisson becomes Prime Minister of France
• 1937 - The Nazi exhibition Der ewige Jude ("the eternal Jew") opens in Munich.
• 1939 - Venlo Incident: Two British agents of SIS are captured by the Germans.
• 1939 - In Munich, Adolf Hitler narrowly escapes an assassination attempt while celebrating the 16th anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch.
• 1941 - Albanian Communist Party founded.
• 1942 - World War II: Operation Torch - United States and United Kingdom forces land in French North Africa.
• 1942 - World War II: French resistance coup in Algiers, by which 400 Civil French patriots neutralized Vichyst XIXth Army Corps during 15 hours, arrested vichyst generals (Juin, Darlan, etc.), and so allowed the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers, then, from there, to the whole French North Africa.
• 1950 - Korean War: United States Air Force Lt. Russell J. Brown shoots down two North Korean MiG-15s in the first jet aircraft-to-jet aircraft dog fight in history.
• 1950 - Pope Pius XII witnesses the "Miracle of the Sun" while at the Vatican"
• 1960 - U.S. presidential election, 1960: John F. Kennedy is elected over Richard M. Nixon, becoming the youngest man elected to that office.
• 1965 - The British Indian Ocean Territory is created, consisting of Chagos Archipelago, Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches islands.
• 1965 - The soap opera Days of Our Lives debuts on NBC in the United States.
• 1966 - Former Massachusetts Attorney General Edward Brooke becomes the first African American elected to the United States Senate.
• 1966 - U.S. President Lyndon Johnson signs into law an antitrust exemption allowing the National Football League to merge with the upstart American Football League.
• 1971 - The fourth album of British rock group Led Zeppelin (Led Zeppelin IV) is released, including one of the group's most well known songs, "Stairway to Heaven".
• 1973 - The right ear of John Paul Getty III is delivered to a newspaper together with a ransom note, convincing his father to pay 2.9 million USD.
• 1974 - In Salt Lake City, Utah, Carol DaRonch narrowly escapes abduction by serial killer Ted Bundy.
• 1979 - Foundation of the Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action).
• 1987 - Enniskillen massacre: In Enniskillen, Northern Ireland, an Irish Republican Army bomb explodes, at a ceremony honoring Britain's war dead, killing eleven people.
• 1988 - U.S. presidential election, 1988: George H. W. Bush is elected over Michael Dukakis.
• 1991 - Marion Barry is reelected mayor of Washington, D.C..
• 1994 - For the first time in 40 years the United States Republican Party takes control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate in midterm congressional elections.
• 1997 - US president Bill Clinton speaks at a dinner sponsored by the Human Rights Campaign, the USA's largest gay rights organisation.
• 2002 - Iraq disarmament crisis: UN Security Council Resolution 1441 – The United Nations Security Council unanimously approves a resolution on Iraq, forcing Saddam Hussein to disarm or face "serious consequences".
• 2004 - War in Iraq: More than 10,000 U.S. troops and a small number of Iraqi army units participate in a siege on the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah.
• 2005 - Democratic U.S. Senator Jon Corzine is elected governor of New Jersey.

Births

• 35 - Nerva, Roman Emperor (d. 98)
• 1491 - Teofilo Folengo, Italian poet (d. 1544)
• 1622 - King Charles X of Sweden (d. 1660)
• 1656 (N.S.) - Edmond Halley, British astronomer and mathematician (d. 1742)
• 1706 - Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge and philosopher (d. 1772)
• 1710 - Sarah Fielding, English writer (d. 1768)
• 1715 - Elisabeth Christine von Braunschweig-Bevern, Queen of Frederick II of Prussia (d. 1797)
• 1723 - John Byron, British naval officer (d. 1786)
• 1836 - Milton Bradley, American lithographer and game manufacturer (d. 1911)
• 1847 - Jean Casimir-Périer, French politician (d. 1907)
• 1847 - Bram Stoker, Irish novelist (d. 1912)
• 1848 - Gottlob Frege, German mathematician and logician (d. 1925)
• 1854 - Johannes Rydberg, Swedish physicist (d. 1919)
• 1866 - Herbert Austin, English automobile pioneer (d. 1941)
• 1868 - Felix Hausdorff, German mathematician (d. 1942)
• 1869 - Zinaida Gippius, Russian woman-poet in exile in France (d. 1945)
• 1883 - Arnold Bax, English composer (d. 1953)
• 1884 - Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1922)
• 1885 - Hans Cloos, German geologist (d. 1951)
• 1893 - Clarence Williams, American jazz pianist and composer (d. 1965)
• 1896 - Bucky Harris, baseball player (d. 1977)
• 1898 - Marie Prevost, Canadian actress (d. 1937)
• 1900 - Margaret Mitchell, American author (d. 1949)
• 1900 - Charlie Paddock, American athlete (d. 1943)
• 1904 - Cedric Belfrage English-born writer (d. 1990)
• 1908 - Martha Gellhorn, American writer and journalist (d. 1998)
• 1918 - Hermann Zapf, German designer
• 1919 - P.L. Deshpande, Indian author (d. 2000 )
• 1920 - Esther Rolle, American actress (d. 1998)
• 1922 - Christiaan Barnard, South African heart surgeon (d. 2001)
• 1922 - Ademir, Brazilian footballer (d. 1996)
• 1923 - Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 2005)
• 1927 - Nguyen Khanh, Prime Minister of South Vietnam
• 1927 - Patti Page, American singer
• 1927 - Darla Hood, American actress (d. 1979)
• 1927 - Morley Safer, Canadian journalist
• 1929 - António Castanheira Neves, Portuguese legal philosopher
• 1935 - Alain Delon, French actor
• 1942 - Angel Cordero Jr., Puerto Rican jockey
• 1947 - Minnie Riperton, American singer (d. 1979)
• 1949 - Bonnie Raitt, American singer
• 1952 - Jan Raas, Dutch cyclist
• 1953 - Alfre Woodard, American actress
• 1954 - Michael D. Brown, U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency director
• 1954 - Rickie Lee Jones, American singer and composer
• 1954 - Jeanette McGruder, American musician (P Funk)
• 1958 - Don Byron, American clarinetist
• 1961 - Leif Garrett, American singer and actor
• 1967 - Courtney Thorne-Smith, American actress
• 1968 - Parker Posey, American actress
• 1968 - Zara Whites, Dutch porn actress
• 1971 - Carlos Atanes, Spanish film director
• 1975 - Tara Reid, American actress
• 1976 - Brett Lee, Australian cricketer
• 1978 - Ali Karimi, Iranian footballer
• 1978 - Esteban Ortiz, American Poet
• 1979 - Aaron Hughes, Northern Irish footballer
• 1981 - Joe Cole, English footballer
• 2000 - Madison and Marissa Poer, American child actresses

Deaths

• 911 - Louis the Child, last Carolingian ruler of the East Franks (b. 893)
• 955 - Pope Agapetus II
• 1171 - Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut (b. 1108)
• 1226 - King Louis VIII of France (b. 1187)
• 1246 - Berenguela of Castile, queen of Alfonso IX of Castile (b. 1180)
• 1308 - Duns Scotus, Scottish philosopher
• 1517 - Francisco Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros, Spanish statesman (b. 1436)
• 1527 - Jerome Emser, German theologian (b. 1477)
• 1599 - Francisco Guerrero, Spanish composer (b. 1528)
• 1600 - Natsuka Masaie, Japanese warlord (b. 1562)
• 1603 - Robert Catesby, English conspirator (b. 1573)
• 1658 - Witte Corneliszoon de With, Dutch naval officer (b. 1599)
• 1674 - John Milton, English poet (b. 1608)
• 1719 - Michel Rolle, French mathematician (b. 1652)
• 1830 - King Francis I of the Two Sicilies (b. 1777)
• 1887 - Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (b. 1851)
• 1890 - César Franck, Belgian composer and organist (b. 1822)
• 1917 - Colin Blythe, English cricketer (b. 1879)
• 1934 - Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician (b. 1879)
• 1945 - August von Mackensen, German field marshal (b. 1849)
• 1953 - Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1870)
• 1953 - John van Melle, South African author (b. 1887)
• 1977 - Bucky Harris, baseball player (b. 1896)
• 1978 - Norman Rockwell, American illustrator (b. 1894)
• 1986 - Vyacheslav Molotov, Russian politician (b. 1890)
• 1998 - Jean Marais, French actor (b. 1913)
• 1999 - Leon Štukelj, Slovenian gymnast (b. 1898)
• 2005 - David Westheimer, American novelist (b. 1917)

External links

• BBC: On This Day

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November 7 - November 9 - October 8 - December 8 -- listing of all dates