Macaroni: Difference between revisions

Macaroni
Type	Pasta
Place of origin	Italy
Main ingredients	Durum wheat
	Cookbook: Macaroni; Media: Macaroni;

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Revision as of 14:15, 13 October 2013

Homemade macaroni and cheese, with dried herbs and ground pepper

Macaroni is a variety of dry pasta made with durum wheat. Elbow macaroni noodles normally do not contain eggs and are normally cut in short, hollow shapes, however, the term refers not to the shape of the pasta, but to the kind of dough from which the noodle is made. Although home machines exist that can make macaroni shapes, macaroni is usually made commercially by large-scale extrusion. The curved shape is caused by the different speeds on either side of the pasta tube as it comes out of the machine. The name derives from Italian maccheroni. A different name, chifferi or lumaconi, refers to the elbow-shape pasta of this article.

According to legend, macaroni was brought to Italy by Marco Polo, returning to Venice from China in 1292. This hypothesis has long been disproved, since it seems that macaroni was already used in Italy at least a century before, like pasta in general; Moroccan geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi, who lived in Sicily, documented macaroni in Sicily and in particular in Trabia.

The academic consensus supports that the word is derived from the Greek μακαρία (makaria),^[1] a kind of barley broth which was served to commemorate the dead,^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] which in turn comes from μάκαρες (makares), "blessed dead", and that from μακάριος (makarios), collateral of μάκαρ (makar), meaning "blessed, happy".^[11] The Italian linguist G. Alessio argues that the word can have two origins: the first from the Medieval Greek μακαρώνεια (makarōneia) "dirge" (stated in sec. XIII by James of Bulgaria), which would be passed to mean "funeral meal" and then "food to serve" during this office (see today's μαχαρωνιά - macharōnia in Eastern Thrace, in the sense of "rice-based dish served at the funeral"), in which case the term would be composed of the double root of μακάριος "blessed" and αἰωνίος (aiōnios), "eternally",^[12] and the second from the Greek μακαρία "barley broth", which would have added the suffix -one.^[13]

In Britain and North America, macaroni is most associated macaroni cheese. In North America "Elbow Macaroni" is also used in a milk pudding, similar to rice pudding, called macaroni pudding.

In areas with large Chinese populations open to Western cultural influence, such as Hong Kong, Macao, Malaysia and Singapore, the local Chinese have adopted macaroni as an ingredient for Chinese-style Western cuisine. In Hong Kong's cha chaan tengs ("Tea Restaurant") and Southeast Asia's kopi tiams ("coffee shop"), macaroni is cooked in water and then washed of starch, and served in clear broth with ham or frankfurter sausages, peas, black mushrooms, and optionally eggs, reminiscent of noodle soup dishes. This is often a course for breakfast or light lunch fare.^[14]

References

^ μακαρία, (def. III), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^ Macaroni, on Compact Oxford English Dictionary
^ "Macaroni", Online Etymology Dictionary
^ Macaroni, on Webster's New World College Dictionary
^ Andrew Dalby, Food in the Ancient World from A to Z, Routledge, 2003, on Google books
^ Reader's Digest Oxford Complete Wordfinder
^ Dhirendra Verma, Word Origins, on Google books
^ Mario Pei, The story of language, p.223
^ William Grimes, Eating Your Words, Oxford University Press, on Google books
^ Mark Morton, Cupboard Love: A Dictionary of Culinary Curiosities, on Google books
^ μάκαρ, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
^ αἰωνίος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
^ G. Alessio, "Atti dell'Accademia Pontaniana", t. 8, 1958-59, pp. 261-280
^ AP, Explore the world of Canto-Western cuisine, January 8, 2007

http://law.justia.com/cfr/title21/21-2.0.1.1.24.html

[1] μακαρία, (def. III), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library

[2] Macaroni, on Compact Oxford English Dictionary

[3] "Macaroni", Online Etymology Dictionary

[4] Macaroni, on Webster's New World College Dictionary

[5] Andrew Dalby, Food in the Ancient World from A to Z, Routledge, 2003, on Google books

[6] Reader's Digest Oxford Complete Wordfinder

[7] Dhirendra Verma, Word Origins, on Google books

[8] Mario Pei, The story of language, p.223

[9] William Grimes, Eating Your Words, Oxford University Press, on Google books

[10] Mark Morton, Cupboard Love: A Dictionary of Culinary Curiosities, on Google books

[11] μάκαρ, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus

[12] αἰωνίος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus

[13] G. Alessio, "Atti dell'Accademia Pontaniana", t. 8, 1958-59, pp. 261-280

[14] AP, Explore the world of Canto-Western cuisine, January 8, 2007

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 Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> a kind of [[barley]] [[broth]] which was served to commemorate the dead,<ref>[http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/macaroni?view=uk Macaroni], on Compact Oxford English Dictionary</ref><ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=macaroni&searchmode=none "Macaroni"], Online Etymology Dictionary</ref><ref>[http://www.yourdictionary.com/macaroni Macaroni], on Webster's New World College Dictionary</ref><ref>Andrew Dalby, ''Food in the Ancient World from A to Z'', Routledge, 2003, on [http://books.google.com/books?id=FtIXAe2qYDgC&pg=PA251&dq=laganon+makaria&hl=en&ei=EJsYTN_bNYKe_AbPusSdDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=laganon%20makaria&f=false Google books]</ref><ref>Reader's Digest Oxford Complete Wordfinder</ref><ref>Dhirendra Verma, ''Word Origins'', on [http://books.google.com/books?id=rpgIQyInjWkC&pg=PA220&dq=%22makaria%22+macaroni&hl=en&ei=Jp0YTLbxOsOM_AbN9L2mDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false Google books]</ref><ref>Mario Pei, ''The story of language'', p.223</ref><ref>William Grimes, ''Eating Your Words'', Oxford University Press, on [http://books.google.com/books?id=X7hYK4M38gkC&pg=PA120&dq=%22makaria%22+macaroni&hl=en&ei=HqEYTIvnIZL5_Aa86dWPDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCQQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q&f=false Google books]</ref><ref>Mark Morton, ''Cupboard Love: A Dictionary of Culinary Curiosities'', on [http://books.google.com/books?id=qn-DASgdhiAC&pg=PA185&dq=%22makaria%22+makaroni&hl=en&ei=Jp0YTLbxOsOM_AbN9L2mDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false Google books]</ref> which in turn comes from μάκαρες (''makares''), "blessed dead", and that from μακάριος (''makarios''), collateral of μάκαρ (''makar''), meaning "blessed, happy".<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dma%2Fkar μάκαρ], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> The Italian linguist G. Alessio argues that the word can have two origins: the first from the [[Medieval Greek]] μακαρώνεια (''makarōneia'') "dirge" (stated in sec. XIII by James of Bulgaria), which would be passed to mean "funeral meal" and then "food to serve" during this office (see today's μαχαρωνιά - ''macharōnia'' in [[Eastern Thrace]], in the sense of "rice-based dish served at the funeral"), in which case the term would be composed of the double root of μακάριος "blessed" and αἰωνίος (''aiōnios''), "eternally",<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dai%29w%2Fnios αἰωνίος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> and the second from the Greek μακαρία "barley broth", which would have added the suffix ''-one''.<ref>G. Alessio, "Atti dell'Accademia Pontaniana", t. 8, 1958-59, pp. 261-280</ref>
-In North America, macaroni is most associated with the "elbow" shape commonly found in American-style [[macaroni and cheese]]. "Elbow macaroni" is also used in a milk pudding, similar to rice pudding, called macaroni pudding.
+In Britain and North America, macaroni is most associated [[macaroni cheese]]. In North America "Elbow Macaroni" is also used in a milk pudding, similar to rice pudding, called macaroni pudding.
 In areas with large Chinese populations open to Western cultural influence, such as [[Hong Kong]], [[Macao]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]], the local Chinese have adopted macaroni as an ingredient for Chinese-style Western cuisine. In Hong Kong's ''[[cha chaan teng]]''s ("Tea Restaurant") and [[Southeast Asia]]'s ''[[kopi tiam]]''s ("coffee shop"), macaroni is cooked in water and then washed of starch, and served in clear broth with [[ham]] or [[Hot dog|frankfurter]] [[sausage]]s, peas, [[shiitake|black mushrooms]], and optionally [[egg (food)|eggs]], reminiscent of [[noodle soup]] dishes. This is often a course for breakfast or light lunch fare.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16440507/ AP, Explore the world of Canto-Western cuisine], January 8, 2007</ref>

Revision as of 14:15, 13 October 2013

See also

References