Jump to content

Carlos Ghosn: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Tags: possible BLP issue or vandalism Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Line 81: Line 81:


===Arrest in Tokyo===
===Arrest in Tokyo===
On the evening of the November 19th, Japanese newsmedia announced the arrest for questioning of Ghosn by Tokyo District Prosecutors, concerning allegations of false-accounting. News reports highlighted that sales of cars made by Nissan had exceeded those of [[Toyota]], ranking Nissan as the world`s second largest automobile, and that Ghosn had reduced his salary from a Billion Yen to 735 Millions last fiscal year. Ghosn reportedly was a proponent of merging large automobile companies in different economies of different countries.
On the evening of the November 19th, Japanese newsmedia announced the arrest for questioning of Ghosn by Tokyo District Prosecutors, concerning allegations of false-accounting. News reports highlighted that sales of cars made by Nissan had exceeded those of [[Toyota]], ranking Nissan as the world`s second largest automobile company, and that Ghosn had reduced his salary from a Billion Yen to 735 Millions last fiscal year. Ghosn reportedly was a proponent of merging large automobile companies in different economies of different countries<ref>https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20181119/k10011716371000.html?utm_int=news_contents_news-main_001|developing-breaking-event</ref>.


==Personal life==
==Personal life==

Revision as of 09:40, 19 November 2018

Carlos Ghostin
Carlos Ghosn in 2013.
Born (1954-03-09) March 9, 1954 (age 70)
Porto Velho, Brazil
NationalityBrazilian; Lebanese; French
Alma materÉcole Polytechnique (1974) École des Mines (1978)
Occupation(s)Chairman and CEO of Renault and the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance; chairman of Nissan Motors and Mitsubishi Motors

Carlos Ghosn, KBE (pronounced [ɡɔn]; born March 9, 1954) is a Brazilian-Lebanese-French[1] businessman born in Porto Velho, Brazil, who is currently the chairman and CEO of France-based Renault, chairman and former CEO of Japan-based Nissan, and chairman of Mitsubishi Motors. From June 2013 to June 2016, Ghosn was chairman of Russia-based automobile manufacturer AvtoVAZ.[2][3][4] Ghosn is also chairman and CEO of the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance, the strategic partnership overseeing Nissan, Mitsubishi and Renault through a unique cross-shareholding agreement. The Alliance, which includes AvtoVAZ, has held approximately 10% of the global market share since 2010, and as of 2017 is the third largest automobile group worldwide,[5] having previously been the fourth largest automobile group worldwide since 2010.[6][7][8][9][10]

After his radical restructuring of Renault that returned the company to profitability in the late 1990s Ghosn became known as "Le Cost Killer".[11] In the early 2000s, for orchestrating one of the auto industry's most aggressive downsizing campaigns and spearheading the turnaround of Nissan from its near bankruptcy in 1999, he earned the nickname "Mr. Fix It".[12]

Following the Nissan financial turnaround, in 2002 Fortune awarded him Asia Businessman of the Year.[13][14] In 2003 Fortune identified him as one of the 10 most powerful people in business outside the U.S.,[15] and its Asian edition voted him Man of the Year.[16] Surveys jointly published by the Financial Times and PricewaterhouseCoopers named him the fourth most respected business leader in 2003,[17] and the third most respected business leader in 2004 and in 2005.[18][19][20] He quickly achieved celebrity status in Japan and in the business world,[21][22] and his life has been chronicled in a Japanese manga comic book.[23] Ghosn has been asked to run at least two other automakers, General Motors and Ford.[24] His decision to spend €4 billion (more than $5 billion)[25] so Renault and Nissan could jointly develop an entire lineup of electric cars including the Nissan Leaf, billed as "the world's first affordable zero-emission car",[26][27] is one of the four subjects of the 2011 documentary Revenge of the Electric Car.[28]

Ghosn stepped down as CEO of Nissan on April 1, 2017, while remaining chairman of the company.[29]

Early life and education

Ghosn's grandfather Bichara Ghosn emigrated from Lebanon to Brazil at the age of 13, eventually settling in remote Guaporé, Rondônia, near the border between Brazil and Bolivia.[30] Bichara Ghosn was an entrepreneur and eventually headed several companies, in fields including the rubber trade, the sale and purchase of agricultural products, and aviation.[31] His son Jorge Ghosn married a Nigerian-born woman whose family also came from Lebanon,[32] and they settled in Porto Velho, the state capital of Rondônia.[33]

Carlos Ghosn was born on March 9, 1954, in Porto Velho.[33][34][35] When he was about two years old he became sick after drinking unsanitary water, and his mother moved with him to Rio de Janeiro.[33] He did not fully recover there, and in 1960, when Ghosn was six years old, he and his mother and sister moved to Beirut, Lebanon, where his grandmother lived.[33]

Ghosn completed his secondary school studies in Lebanon, at the Jesuit school Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour. He then completed his classes préparatoires in Paris, at the Collège Stanislas and the Lycée Saint-Louis.[36] He graduated with university engineering degrees from the École Polytechnique in 1974 and the École des Mines de Paris in 1978.[34][37][38]

Career

From Michelin to Renault

Carlos Ghosn answers reporters' questions at the Nissan factory in Kyushu, Japan. (September 2011)

After graduation in 1978, Ghosn spent 18 years at Michelin, Europe's largest tire maker, initially training and working in several plants in France and Germany.[34][39] In 1981, he became plant manager in Le Puy-en-Velay, France.[34][40] In 1984 he was named head of research and development for the company's industrial tire division.[34][41]

In 1985, when Ghosn was 30 years old, he was appointed chief operating officer (COO) of Michelin’s South American operations.[34][42] He returned to Rio de Janeiro, reporting directly to François Michelin, who tasked Ghosn with turning around the operation, which was unprofitable and struggling under Brazil's hyperinflation.[42][43] Ghosn formed cross-functional management teams to determine best practices among the French, Brazilian, and other nationalities working in the South American division.[44] The multicultural experience in Brazil formed the basis of his cross-cultural management style and emphasis on diversity as a core business asset.[44][45] "You learn from diversity ... but you're comforted by commonality", Ghosn has said.[46] The division returned to profitability in two years.[44][47][48]

After turning around Michelin's South American operations, Ghosn was appointed president and COO of Michelin North America in 1989, and moved to Greenville, South Carolina, with his family.[49] He was promoted to CEO of Michelin North America in 1990.[44][49] He presided over the restructuring of the company after its acquisition of the Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company.[34][50]

In 1996, the ailing French auto manufacturer Renault recruited Ghosn as executive vice president in charge of purchasing, advanced research, engineering and development, powertrain operations, and manufacturing; and he was also in charge of Renault’s South American division, located in the Mercosur.[34][51] Ghosn's radical restructuring of Renault successfully returned the company to profitability in 1997.[11][52]

Nissan and the Renault-Nissan Alliance

In March 1999, Renault and Nissan formed the Renault-Nissan Alliance, and in May 1999 Renault purchased a 36.8% stake in Nissan.[53] While maintaining his roles at Renault, Ghosn joined Nissan as its chief operating officer (COO) in June 1999, became its president in June 2000, and was named chief executive officer (CEO) in June 2001.[34] When he joined the company, Nissan had a consolidated interest-bearing net automotive debt of more than $20 billion (more than 2 trillion yen),[43][54] and only three of its 46 models sold in Japan were generating a profit.[55] Reversing the company's sinking fortunes was considered nearly impossible.[56][57][58][59]

Ghosn's "Nissan Revival Plan", announced in October 1999, called for a return to profitability in fiscal year 2000, a profit margin in excess of 4.5% of sales by the end of fiscal year 2002, and a 50% reduction in the current level of debt by the end of fiscal year 2002.[60][61][62] Ghosn promised to resign if these goals were not met.[63] Ghosn's Nissan Revival Plan called for cutting 21,000 Nissan jobs (14% of total workforce), mostly in Japan; shutting five Japanese plants; reducing the number of suppliers and shareholdings; and auctioning off prized assets such as Nissan's aerospace unit.[60][64][65]

Ghosn was the fourth non-Japanese person to lead a Japanese automaker, after Mark Fields, Henry Wallace, and James Miller were appointed by Ford to run Mazda in the late 1990s.[66] In addition to cutting jobs, plants, and suppliers, Ghosn spearheaded major and dramatic structural and corporate-culture changes at Nissan. He defied Japanese business etiquette in various ways, including by eliminating seniority-based and age-based promotion, by changing lifetime employment from a guarantee to a desired goal for when the company achieved high performance, and by dismantling Nissan's keiretsu system – an interwoven web of parts suppliers with cross-holdings in Nissan.[67][68][69] When the Nissan Revival Plan was announced, the proposed dismantling of keiretsu earned Ghosn the nickname "keiretsu killer",[70] and The Wall Street Journal quoted a Dresdner Kleinwort Benson analyst in Tokyo as saying Ghosn might become a "target of public outrage" if Nissan threw former affiliates out of its supply chain.[71][72] Ghosn changed Nissan's official company language from Japanese to English, and included executives from Europe and North America in key global strategy sessions for the first time.[73][74]

In the first year of the Nissan Revival Plan, Nissan's consolidated net profit after tax climbed to $2.7 billion for fiscal year 2000,[75] from a consolidated net loss of $6.46 billion in the previous year.[76] Twelve months into his three-year turnaround plan, Nissan had returned to profitability, and within three years it was one of the industry's most profitable auto makers, with operating margins consistently above 9%—more than twice the industry average.[77] The goals of the Nissan Revival Plan were all reached before March 31, 2002.[78]

In May 2002 Ghosn announced his next set of goals for the company, "Nissan 180", a three-year plan for growth based on the numbers 1, 8, and 0: By the end of September 2005 Nissan planned to increase its global sales by one million vehicles; and by the spring of 2005 it was committed to achieving an operating margin of at least 8% and reducing its net automotive debt to zero.[79][80] These goals were all reached:[81] In the spring of 2003 Nissan announced that its net automotive debt was eliminated in fiscal year 2002.[82][83] Nissan's operating profit margin climbed to 11.1% in fiscal year 2003;[84] it had been 1.4% in fiscal year 1999.[85] In October 2005 Nissan announced that its annual sales from September 30, 2004 to September 30, 2005 were more than 3.67 million, up from the 2.6 million vehicles sold in the fiscal year ended March 2002.[86][87]

Ghosn at Datsun Go launch in New Delhi, India (2013)

In May 2005, Ghosn was named president and chief executive officer of Renault.[34] When he assumed the CEO roles at both Renault and Nissan, Ghosn became the world's first person to run two companies on the Fortune Global 500 simultaneously.[88]

In 2005, billionaire investor Kirk Kerkorian acquired a 9.9% stake in General Motors (GM) and seated one of his representatives on the company's board, then urged GM to investigate a merger with Renault and Nissan with Ghosn as the new chairman of GM. In 2006, GM's embattled management rebuffed the takeover attempt, and by the end of the year, Kerkorian's Tracinda Corp. sold most of its GM stock.[89]

In 2006, Ford Motor Co. made Ghosn a formal offer to lead the company, according to the book American Icon: Alan Mulally and the Fight to Save Ford Motor Company by Bryce Hoffman.[90] Ghosn refused, reportedly saying the only way he would come to the struggling company was if he was named both the CEO and chairman of the board. Bill Ford Jr. refused to give up his chairmanship.[91]

Carlos Ghosn at Nissan’s Honmoku Wharf, a logistics hub about 10 km southeast of Nissan’s global headquarters in Yokohama, July 2011.

In 2007, Ghosn led the Renault-Nissan Alliance into the mass-market zero-emission electric car market in a major way, and committed €4 billion (more than $5 billion) to the effort.[25][92][93][94] In 2008 he confirmed that Nissan-Renault would bring an "entire lineup" of zero-emission electric cars to the worldwide market by 2012.[95][96] In 2009, he told the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business, "If you're going to let developing countries have as many cars as they want—and they're going to have as many cars as they want one way or another—there is no absolutely alternative but to go for zero emissions. And the only zero-emissions vehicle available today is electric.... So we decided to go for it."[97] The Nissan Leaf, an electric car billed as "the world's first affordable zero-emission car",[26][27] debuted in December 2010.[92][98] As of 2017, the Renault-Nissan Alliance is the world's electric vehicle leader, selling more than double the number of electric cars as Tesla, and the Nissan Leaf is the world's best-selling electric vehicle by a wide margin.[99]

In 2008, Ghosn was named chairman, president, and CEO of Nissan.[34] In 2009 he was named chairman and CEO of Renault.[34]

Ghosn was a visible leader in recovery efforts after the Japanese earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, one of the worst natural disasters in modern history.[100] On March 29, 2011, he made the first of several visits to the hard-hit Iwaki engine plant in Fukushima prefecture, 50 km (31 miles) from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant,[101][102][103] and at his direction Nissan restored full operations at the Iwaki factory well ahead of expectations.[104][105][106] He appeared on television in Japan to encourage optimism.[103][107][108][109] In May 2011 Ghosn remained committed to building at least 1 million of Nissan's cars and trucks in Japan annually.[110]

In June 2012, Ghosn was named deputy chairman of the board of directors of Russian automobile manufacturer AvtoVAZ.[111] In June 2013 he was appointed chairman of the Russian company, a position he retained through June 2016.[112][2][113][3][4] Renault had begun a strategic partnership with AvtoVAZ in 2008 by acquiring a 25% stake in the company;[114] this led to increasingly deeper partnerships between Renault-Nissan and AvtoVAZ,[115] ending in Renault-Nissan Alliance control of the Russian automaker in 2014.[116]

In February 2017 Ghosn announced he would step down as CEO of Nissan on April 1, 2017, while remaining chairman of the company.[29][117] Hiroto Saikawa, who had been at Nissan 40 years and was co-chief executive of the company, became its CEO.[29]

Mitsubishi

In October 2016, Nissan completed the acquisition of a controlling 34% stake in Mitsubishi Motors. Ghosn became, in addition to his Renault-Nissan posts, chairman of Mitsubishi, with an aim to rehabilitate the automaker after a months-long scandal involving fuel-economy misrepresentation and consequent falling revenues. The Nissan-Mitsubishi partnership includes partnership in developing electric automobiles for Mitsubishi, and the Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi alliance creates the world’s fourth-largest auto group, after Toyota, Volkswagen AG, and General Motors Co.[6][118][119]

Advisorships

Ghosn served on the International Advisory Board of Brazilian bank Banco Itaú until 2015.[120][121] He is also a member of the Advisory Board of Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management in Beijing.[122] He has received an honorary doctorate from American University of Beirut;[123] and he is a member of the Strategic Council, Saint Joseph University of Beirut.[124] In 2014 and 2015, he was elected president of the European Automobile Manufacturers Association.[125][126][127] He serves as Governor of the World Economic Forum.[128]

Arrest in Tokyo

On the evening of the November 19th, Japanese newsmedia announced the arrest for questioning of Ghosn by Tokyo District Prosecutors, concerning allegations of false-accounting. News reports highlighted that sales of cars made by Nissan had exceeded those of Toyota, ranking Nissan as the world`s second largest automobile company, and that Ghosn had reduced his salary from a Billion Yen to 735 Millions last fiscal year. Ghosn reportedly was a proponent of merging large automobile companies in different economies of different countries[129].

Personal life

Ghosn, whom Forbes magazine called "the hardest-working man in the brutally competitive global car business",[44] splits his time between Paris and Tokyo and as of 2006 logged roughly 150,000 miles in airplanes per year.[44] Japanese media have called him "Seven-Eleven" ("work very hard from early in the morning till late at night").[72] He holds both Brazilian and French citizenships.[130] He has been noted for his direct, no-nonsense, results-oriented and execution-oriented style in business strategy meetings,[44] but also for his interest in resolving problems from within a company by listening to workers and by cross-functional and cross-cultural team groupings.[69]

Ghosn is multilingual and speaks four languages fluently: French, Portuguese, English, and Arabic, and he has also studied Japanese.[47][131] He also maintains ties to Lebanon, where he lived for 10 years and where he completed his primary and secondary education. He is a partner in Ixsir, a winery in the northern coastal town of Batroun, Lebanon.[132] In 2012 he was named to the Honorary Board of the American Foundation of Saint George Hospital in Beirut.[133][134]

Ghosn has been hailed as a potential presidential candidate in Lebanon.[135][136] In a June 2011 survey by life-insurance company AXA, Ghosn was ranked No. 7 in a random poll asking Japanese people, "Which celebrity do you want to run Japan?" (Barack Obama was No. 9, and Prime Minister Naoto Kan was No. 19.)[137][138][139][140] He has so far declined such overtures, saying he has "no political ambitions".[135]

By his first marriage, Ghosn is the father of four grown children: Caroline, Nadine, Maya and Anthony.[130] In May 2016 he married Carole Nahas.[141] He has residences in France, Japan, and Brazil.[142]

In the media

Beginning in November 2001, Ghosn's life story was turned into a superhero comic book series in Japan, titled The True Story of Carlos Ghosn, in the manga comic book Big Comic Superior.[143] The series was published as a book in 2002.[72][144]

Ghosn also has a Japanese bento box named after him on the menus at some Tokyo restaurants.[145] Bento boxes are popular with businessmen, students, and others who want a quick lunch. The Financial Times called the "Carlos Ghosn Bento" a "measure of the extraordinary rise of Mr. Ghosn in Japan that he should be deemed worthy enough to eat. The Japanese take their food seriously and do not welcome foreign intrusions. As such, the 'Ghosn bento' could be seen as a Japanese way of bestowing acceptance upon him."[145]

Ghosn is the subject of a number of books in English, Japanese, and French. In English, he wrote a best-selling business book called Shift: Inside Nissan's Historic Revival.[146] He was the subject of another business book called Turnaround: How Carlos Ghosn Rescued Nissan by David Magee.[147] He also provided strategic business commentary and on-the-job lessons to aspiring managers in a book called The Ghosn Factor: 24 Inspiring Lessons From Carlos Ghosn, the Most Successful Transnational CEO by Miguel Rivas-Micoud.[148]

Ghosn's quest to develop Nissan's line of zero-emission electric cars is one of the four subjects of the 2011 documentary Revenge of the Electric Car.[28] The zero-emission Nissan Leaf, which Nissan began delivering in late 2010 in the United States and Japan, is the world's first mass-produced zero-emission electric vehicle.[26][98] Ghosn authorized more than $5 billion to bring the Leaf, and numerous derivative electric cars based on the Leaf's architecture, to market—a gamble that prompted BusinessWeek to ask whether he was "crazy".[93]

Ghosn is a frequent subject of university thesis papers and essays among business students. CyberEssays has a section dedicated to papers about Ghosn's corporate leadership.[149] One of the more commonly cited thesis papers is the June 2005 MBA thesis written by Koji Nakae of the MIT Sloan School of Management, which compares Ghosn to U.S. General Douglas MacArthur, who restructured Japanese society after World War II.[72]

Awards and recognition

As a result of his achievements, Ghosn has had numerous awards and honors bestowed upon him. Some of these include:

In 2002, he was appointed a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour (Knight of the Legion of Honour) by the French government.[150]

In 2002 Fortune awarded him Asia Businessman of the Year.[13][14]

In 2003, he was named Man of the Year by Fortune magazine's Asian edition.[16]

In 2003 Fortune listed him as one of the 10 most powerful business leaders outside the U.S.[15]

In 2004, he was added to the Automotive Hall of Fame.[151]

In 2004, he was also added to the Japan Automotive Hall of Fame.[152]

In October 2006, Ghosn was made an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.[153]

In 2010, CEO Quarterly magazine listed Ghosn as one of the "Most Respected CEOs"[154]

In November 2011, CNBC listed Ghosn as Asia Business Leader of the Year.[155]

In June 2012, Ghosn received the Japan Society Award.[156]

In October 2012, Ghosn became the first person in the auto industry, and the fourth overall, to win a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Strategic Management Society, a non-profit group that promotes ethical and strategic business stewardship.[157]

In October 2012, Ghosn was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, an honorific designation to civilians in recognition of services that benefit Spain.[158]

In 2013, he was appointed an International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.[159]

Sources

References

  1. ^ Bordet, Marie and Karyn Poupée. "Carlos Ghosn un Ovni chez Renault". Le Point. Published March 28, 2005; modified January 17, 2007. (French)
  2. ^ a b Co, Brent. "Russian carmaker Avtovaz names Carlos Ghosn Chairman". AutoIndustriya.com. June 29, 2013.
  3. ^ a b "Renault's Ghosn cedes Avtovaz chairmanship to Rostec exec". Reuters. April 18, 2016.
  4. ^ a b Carlos Ghosn. NissanNews.com. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
  5. ^ Schmitt, Bertel. "Top 10 Global Automakers: PSA Out, Daimler In". Forbes. June 14, 2017.
  6. ^ a b Ma, Jie; Horie, Masatsugu. "Nissan Seals $2.3 Billion Mitsubishi Motors Stake Acquisition". Bloomberg News. October 19, 2016.
  7. ^ The Renault-Nissan Alliance reports record sales of 7,276,398 units in 2010 Archived 2012-04-03 at the Wayback Machine. Renault-Nissan Alliance. January 28, 2011.
  8. ^ "Renault-Nissan Alliance posts record sales in 2011 for third consecutive year". Renault.com. February 1, 2012.
  9. ^ ALLIANCE FACTS & FIGURES 2013. Renault-Nissan Alliance. 2013.
  10. ^ ALLIANCE FACTS & FIGURES 2014. Renault-Nissan Alliance. 2014.
  11. ^ a b Litterick, David. "'Le Cost Killer' faces toughest test". The Telegraph. July 4, 2006.
  12. ^ Fonda, Daren (2003-05-19). "Motor Trends: Le Cost Killer". Time.
  13. ^ a b Taylor III, Alex. "Awards". Fortune. February 18, 2002.
  14. ^ a b "Ghosn forecasts record Nissan profit for FY 2001". Kyodo News International. February 25, 2002.
  15. ^ a b Loomis, Carol J. "The 25 most powerful people in business". Fortune. August 11, 2003.
  16. ^ a b Ali, Arif. "Nissan Opens Largest Showroom in Oman". Arab News. June 5, 2005.
  17. ^ Gaspar, et al. Introduction to Business. Houghton Mifflin, Cengage Learning, 2008. p. 258.
  18. ^ "The World's Most Respected Leaders: Do You Agree?". Fast Company. November 23, 2004.
  19. ^ Brooke, James. "Nissan chief staying put". The New York Times. November 20, 2005.
  20. ^ "WORLD'S MOST RESPECTED COMPANIES 2005". FinFacts.ie. 2005.
  21. ^ Mackintosh, James. "Carlos Ghosn: superstar car executive". Financial Times. 19 November 2004.
  22. ^ Mackintosh, James. "A superstar leader in an industry of icons". Financial Times. 16 December 2004.
  23. ^ Berfield, Susan (2008-02-21). "Career Advice from a Comic Book". Businessweek.com. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
  24. ^ Hagiwara, Yuki. "Nissan Says Ghosn May Step Down Before Next Business Plan". Bloomberg. June 21, 2012.
  25. ^ a b Moffett, Sebastian. "Nissan, Renault Place a Big Bet On Electric Cars". The Wall Street Journal. September 14, 2009.
  26. ^ a b c de Courson, Roland. "Nissan Unveils 'Leaf' Electric Car". IndustryWeek. August 2, 2009.
  27. ^ a b NISSAN UNVEILS "LEAF" - THE WORLD'S FIRST ELECTRIC CAR DESIGNED FOR AFFORDABILITY AND REAL-WORLD REQUIREMENTS Archived 2012-02-10 at WebCite. Nissan Motor Corporation. August 2, 2009.
  28. ^ a b "Official Trailer: Revenge of the Electric Car". YouTube. 2010-12-07. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
  29. ^ a b c Soblefeb, Jonathan. "Carlos Ghosn, Executive Who Revived Nissan, Will Step Aside". The New York Times. February 22, 2017.
  30. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. pp. 1–2.
  31. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. p. 3.
  32. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. p. 4.
  33. ^ a b c d Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. p. 5.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Renault Nissan. Carlos Ghosn: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Renault-Nissan Alliance. IE University. IE.edu. March 3, 2011.
  35. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT: Inside Nissan's Historic Revival. Crown Publishing Group, 2006. Chapter 1 (excerpt).
  36. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. p. 9.
  37. ^ Carlos Ghosn. LinkedIn.
  38. ^ Carlos Ghosn: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.. NissanUSA.com. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  39. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. pp. 18–23.
  40. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. p. 24.
  41. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. p. 27.
  42. ^ a b Kase, Kimio; Sáez-Martinez, Francisco J.; Riquelme, Hernán. Transformational CEOs: Leadership and Management Success in Japan. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005. p. 125.
  43. ^ a b Inoue, Kae (2005-03-28). "Carlos Ghosn, After Fixing Nissan, Faces Renault's Rising Costs". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
  44. ^ a b c d e f g Muller, Joann. "The Impatient Mr. Ghosn". Forbes. May 12, 2006.
  45. ^ "Carlos Ghosn Promotes Diversity in Business". AUBulletin Today. American University of Beirut. October 2007, Vol. 9 No. 1.
  46. ^ Carlos Ghosn on Diversity on YouTube. Interview clip with TBWA creative director Rob Schwartz. 2009.
  47. ^ a b "Carlos Ghosn Biography". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved 2011-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  48. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. p. 34.
  49. ^ a b "Carlos Ghosn headed Michelin North America before turning around Nissan" Archived 2015-10-10 at the Wayback Machine. GreenvilleRoots.com.
  50. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. pp. 38–43.
  51. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. p. 59.
  52. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. p. xvii.
  53. ^ Renault-Nissan Allance, December 2005 (handbook). Nissan-Global.com. p. 40.
  54. ^ Kase, Kimio; Sáez-Martinez, Francisco J.; Riquelme, Hernán. Transformational CEOs: Leadership and Management Success in Japan. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005. p. 122.
  55. ^ Alliance Facts & Figures 2008. Nissan-Global.com. 2008.
  56. ^ Thornton, Emily and Kathleen Kerwin. "Nissan Is Back In The Mud". Businessweek (International Edition). November 1, 1998.
  57. ^ Thornton, Emily. "The Debt That's Dragging Nissan Downhill". Businessweek (International Edition). April 4, 1999.
  58. ^ "Nissan triples loss forecast". CNNMoney. April 16, 1999.
  59. ^ "Renissant?". The Economist. March 18, 1999.
  60. ^ a b NISSAN REVIVAL PLAN. Nissan-Global.com. October 18, 1999.
  61. ^ The Nissan Revival Plan: Success Ahead of Schedule. Nissan Annual Report 2001. Nissan-Global.com. 2002.
  62. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. pp. 120–121.
  63. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. pp. xix, 123.
  64. ^ Simison, Robert L. and Norihiko Shirouzu. "Nissan to Close Five Plants, Cut Staff By 14% as Part of Restructuring Plan" Archived 2017-04-15 at the Wayback Machine. The Wall Street Journal. October 19, 1999.
  65. ^ "Nissan Motor Corporation, Japan". Automotive Intelligence. AutoIntell.com. 2000.
  66. ^ Mas, Isabelle. "Renault: Le précédent: quand Ford a débarqué au Japon pour sauver Mazda". L'Expansion. September 23, 1999.
  67. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. "Saving the Business Without Losing the Company - Breaking with Tradition in a Foreign Land". Harvard Business School Working Knowledge. March 18, 2002.
  68. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. p. 153.
  69. ^ a b Snyder, Bill. "Carlos Ghosn: Five Percent of the Challenge Is the Strategy. Ninety-five Percent Is the Execution". Stanford Graduate School of Business. July 9, 2014.
  70. ^ Nezu, Risaburo (1999-10-19). "Carlos Ghosn: cost controller or keiretsu killer?". OECD Observer. Retrieved 2011-09-27. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  71. ^ Shirouzu, Norihiko. "Nissan's Plan for Jump-Start Faces Formidable Obstacles" Archived 2017-04-15 at the Wayback Machine. The Wall Street Journal. October 18, 1999.
  72. ^ a b c d Nakae, Koji. Cultural Change: A Comparative Study of the Change Efforts of Douglas MacArthur and Carlos Ghosn in Japan Archived September 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. MIT Sloan School of Management (MBA thesis). June 2005.
  73. ^ Thornton, Emily. "Remaking Nissan: A long, hard day with Carlos Ghosn, the foreigner remaking Japan's giant" Archived November 13, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. BusinessWeek (International Edition). November 15, 1999.
  74. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. pp. 161–163.
  75. ^ "Nissan Announces Record Results For FY 2000". Scoop. May 31, 2001.
  76. ^ "Nissan reports an operating profit of 82.6 billion Yen, a net loss of 684.4 billion Yen for Fiscal Year 1999 ended March 31, 2000 and forecasts a net profit of 60 billion Yen in Fiscal Year 2000" Archived December 1, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Nissan Press Release. Nissan-Global.com. May 19, 2000.
  77. ^ Shirouzu, Norihiko (2006-07-07). "What Alliance With Mr. Ghosn Could Bring GM". The Wall Street Journal.
  78. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. SHIFT. p. xix.
  79. ^ Verburg, Robert; Ortt, J. Roland; Dicke, Willemijn M. Managing Technology and Innovation: An Introduction. Routledge, 2006. p. 301.
  80. ^ NISSAN 180: Ready and Positioned for Growth. Nissan Annual Report 2001. Nissan-Global.com. 2002.
  81. ^ Bhatia, Monish K. "'Nissan 180' complete, annual sales reach 3.67 million". LeftLane.com. October 6, 2005.
  82. ^ Kase, Kimio; Sáez-Martinez, Francisco J.; Riquelme, Hernán. Transformational CEOs: Leadership and Management Success in Japan. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2005. p. 136.
  83. ^ Annual Report Year Ended March 31, 2003. Nissan-Global.com.
  84. ^ NISSAN 180 Update and FY2003 Financial Results, Apr.26, 2004 Nissan-Global.com. April 26, 2004.
  85. ^ Ibison, David. "Nissan sees modest growth after record profit". Financial Times. April 25, 2005.
  86. ^ "Strong global sales boost Nissan's profit". Associated Press. October 28, 2005.
  87. ^ "Nissan reaches vehicle sale growth target". Associated Press. October 6, 2005.
  88. ^ Taylor III, Alex (2006-07-10). "How would Ghosn fix GM?". CNN.
  89. ^ "Kirk Kerkorian Biography". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Retrieved 2011-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  90. ^ Sabatini, Jeff. "Book: Ghosn would've taken top spot at Ford, but only if named CEO and Chairman". Autoblog.com. March 12, 2012.
  91. ^ "Ford book: Bill fumed over Focus; Ghosn eyed the crown". Automotive News. March 12, 2012.
  92. ^ a b Squatriglia, Chuck. "Q&A: Renault-Nissan CEO Pledges $5.6 Billion for EVs". Wired. June 16, 2011.
  93. ^ a b David Welch (May 26, 2010). "Nissan's Ghosn gambles big on electric cars". BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on 2011-04-17. Retrieved 2011-09-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  94. ^ "Renault-Nissan and Project Better Place prepare for first mass marketed electric vehicles" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. (Press release) Nissan-Global.com. January 21, 2008.
  95. ^ Chambers, Nick. "Nissan & Oregon Team Up to Bring Electric Cars to the Masses". Gas2.org. November 20, 2008.
  96. ^ "Electricity and Cars". World Nuclear Association. October 2014.
  97. ^ "Renault-Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn: 'Now Is the Time for the Electric Car' - Knowledge@Wharton". Knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
  98. ^ a b "Nissan delivers first LEAF cars in Japan". International Business Times. 2010-12-22. Retrieved 2014-09-25. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  99. ^ Schmitt, Bertel. "Renault-Nissan Alliance Trounces Tesla 2:1 (Or Worse.)". Forbes. April 7, 2017.
  100. ^ Schmitt, Bertel (May 17, 2011). "With Nissan's Carlos Ghosn Near Fukushima. A Glowing Report". The Truth About Cars. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
  101. ^ Nishimura, Koji; Nomura, Shu; Komori, Atsushi. "Nuclear crisis overshadows manufacturers' restoration efforts" Archived October 6, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Asia & Japan Watch. March 30, 2011.
  102. ^ "Ghosn vows to reopen Iwaki plant in April". Japan Times. March 30, 2011.
  103. ^ a b "Carlos Ghosn interview on "World Business Satellite" - TV Tokyo". Facebook. 2011-04-08. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
  104. ^ Zulovich, Nick. "Nissan & Toyota Celebrate More Production Restoration". Auto Remarketing. May 19, 2011.
  105. ^ Kim, Chang-Ran (2011-05-17). "UPDATE 1-Nissan working to restore full production before Oct-CEO". Reuters.
  106. ^ Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn Iwaki Visit (Full Version). (video) Uploaded May 19, 2011.
  107. ^ "現場に甘えぬ経営者 震災対応第２幕、問われる決断". Nihon Keizai Shimbun. June 5, 2011.
  108. ^ March 29, 2011 broadcast 23:00 to 23:58 (broadcast notes). TV Tokyo.
  109. ^ "Ghosn visits affected Nissan factory to encourage employees". News24.jp. May 17, 2011.
  110. ^ Kitamura, Makiko and Yuki Hagiwara. "Ghosn Says Suppliers Recovering From Quake". Bloomberg. May 12, 2011.
  111. ^ "The composition of the Board of Directors of AVTOVAZ since June 28, 2012". Archived from the original on 2012-08-20. Retrieved 2014-09-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  112. ^ Jolley, David (29 June 2013). "Ghosn becomes chairman of Russian carmaker AvtoVAZ". europe.autonews.com. Automtive News Europe. Retrieved 29 June 2013. {{cite web}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  113. ^ Avtovaz OAO: Directors & Officers – Carlos Ghosn. Financial Times. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  114. ^ RENAULT AND AVTOVAZ CONFIRM THEIR STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP. Renault (press release). February 29, 2008.
  115. ^ "Renault-Nissan to take control of Lada-owner Avtovaz". BBC News. May 3, 2012.
  116. ^ Ostrouk, Andrey. "Renault, Nissan Buy Majority Stake in Russia's Avtovaz". The Wall Street Journal. June 27, 2014.
  117. ^ McLain, Sean; Sylvers, Eric. "Renault-Nissan’s Carlos Ghosn Sees Paris as Hurdle to Auto Merger". The Wall Street Journal. February 23, 2017.
  118. ^ "Nissan to take 34% stake in Mitsubishi Motors". BBC News. May 12, 2016.
  119. ^ Greimel, Hans."Nissan takes control of Mitsubishi with Ghosn as chairman". Automotive News Europe. October 20, 2016.
  120. ^ "Itaú Unibanco forms International Advisory Board". Banco Itaú. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
  121. ^ "Organizational Structure". Itaú. Itaú. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  122. ^ "First Nissan-Tsinghua Lecture on Renault-Nissan Alliance". Tsinghua University. June 4, 2012.
  123. ^ "Carlos Ghosn tells students to embrace diversity" Archived 2012-05-05 at the Wayback Machine. American University of Beirut News. August 28, 2007.
  124. ^ The Secretary General's High-Level Group on Sustainable Engery for All: Carlos Ghosn Archived September 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. United Nations. UN.org. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
  125. ^ "Carlos Ghosn elected ACEA President". ACEA - European Automobile Manufacturers Association. 12 May 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  126. ^ "Carlos Ghosn re-elected President of ACEA for 2015". ACEA - European Automobile Manufacturers Association. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  127. ^ "Dieter Zetsche elected ACEA President for 2016". ACEA - European Automobile Manufacturers Association. 8 December 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  128. ^ "CARLOS GHOSN - Chairman and Chief Executive Officer". Renault. Renault. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  129. ^ https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20181119/k10011716371000.html?utm_int=news_contents_news-main_001%7Cdeveloping-breaking-event
  130. ^ a b "The Gaijin with two jobs". CNN. December 7, 2006.
  131. ^ "The True Story of Carlos Ghosn". CNN. June 16, 2008.
  132. ^ Karam, Michael. "Lebanon reluctant to recognise a big local success story" Archived 2011-10-21 at the Wayback Machine. The National. October 20, 2011.
  133. ^ Saint George Hospital – Our Mission Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine. Saint George Hospital. StGeorgeFoundation.org. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
  134. ^ Mosalli, Irène. "Pour sa capacité à « faire la différence », Carlos Ghosn honoré par la Fondation américaine de l’Hôpital Saint-Georges". L'Orient-Le Jour. November 19, 2012.
  135. ^ a b Sami Moubayed (July 1, 2009). "Man behind the wheel". Forward Syria. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-27. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  136. ^ "Nissan chief Ghosn shrugs off Lebanon politics career". Agence France-Presse. July 17, 2014.
  137. ^ "Japan chooses Kitano Takeshi in AXA Life Survey" Archived October 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Kyodo News. 47news.jp. June 27, 2011.
  138. ^ Schmitt, Bertel. "With Carlos Ghosn Down By The Waterfront". TheTruthAboutCars.com. July 16, 2011.
  139. ^ "Survey after the earthquake": 10,000-person survey. (Japanese) AXA Life. AXA.co.jp. June 27, 2011. p. 9.
  140. ^ "Survey later the earthquake, maximum Japanese meditation entrusted Takeshi Kitano". June 28, 2011.
  141. ^ "Carole and Carlos Ghosn Threw a Wedding Fit For a King and Queen". March 3, 2017.
  142. ^ Dumaine, Brian. "Renault-Nissan: Can anyone succeed Carlos Ghosn?". Fortune. December 29, 2014.
  143. ^ Zaun, Todd.""Nissan's Carlos Ghosn Becomes Unlikely Star of Japanese Comic"". Archived from the original on 2007-12-28. Retrieved 2007-10-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) The Wall Street Journal. December 27, 2001.
  144. ^ "Winding up 2002" Archived February 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Big Comic Superior Newsletter. January 18, 2003.
  145. ^ a b Ibison, David and James Mackintosh. "The boss among bosses". Financial Times. 7 July 2006.
  146. ^ Ghosn, Carlos. Shift: Inside Nissan's Historic Revival. Crown Business, 2006.
  147. ^ Magee, David. Turnaround: How Carlos Ghosn Rescued Nissan. HarperBusiness, 2003.
  148. ^ Rivas-Micoud, Miguel. The Ghosn Factor: 24 Lessons the World's Most Dynamic CEO. McGraw-Hill, 2006.
  149. ^ "Free Essays on Carlos Ghosn As a Leader 1 - 30". Cyberessays.com. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
  150. ^ "La promotion de Pâques". Le NouvelObs. 2 April 2002. Retrieved 10 May 2017. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  151. ^ "Nissan's Ghosn to be registered in Automotive Hall of Fame". Kyodo News International. October 28, 2004.
  152. ^ "カルロス・ゴーン（Carlos Ghosn）氏　略歴". Japan Automobile Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-08-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  153. ^ "Car maker turnaround king Ghosn now a knight". Reuters. October 24, 2006.
  154. ^ Most Respected CEOs Archived August 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. CEO Quarterly. 2010.
  155. ^ Bagchee, Deepanshu. "Carlos Ghosn Named Asia Business Leader of the Year" Archived November 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. CNBC. November 24, 2011.
  156. ^ Japan Society 2012 Annual Dinner Archived May 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Japan Society. June 7, 2012.
  157. ^ "Ghosn wins 'lifetime achievement' award from Strategic Management Society". Renault-Nissan Alliance. October 8, 2012.
  158. ^ Ghosn: by royal appointment". Renault-Nissan Alliance. October 29, 2012.
  159. ^ List of Fellows. Royal Academy of Engineering. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carlos Ghosn.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Ghosn&oldid=869554232"