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Timeline of same-sex marriage

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Marriage

Recognized

Civil unions or registered partnerships but not marriage
Minimal recognition
See also
Notes
  1. ^ a b Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the Caribbean Netherlands), as well as in Aruba and Curaçao. May be registered in Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
  2. ^ Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands.
  3. ^ Neither performed nor recognized in six British Overseas Territories.
  4. ^ a b Neither performed nor recognized in some tribal nations. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and American Samoa.
  5. ^ Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.
  6. ^ a b c d e The Coman v. Romania ruling of the European Court of Justice obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of EU citizens. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling.
  7. ^ A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding.
  8. ^ Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.
  9. ^ Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.
  10. ^ Courts have recognised guru–shishya, nata pratha or maitri karar–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.
  11. ^ Some cities and prefectures issue partnership certificates, but they are not legally binding.
  12. ^ Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights.
  13. ^ Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.
  1. ^ a b Not yet in effect.
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This page contains a timeline of significant events regarding same-sex marriage and legal recognition of same-sex couples worldwide. Events concerning same-sex marriages becoming legal are listed in bold.

Ancient times

Main article: History of same-sex unions

Various types of same-sex marriages have existed,[1] ranging from informal, unsanctioned relationships to highly ritualized unions.[2]

Cicero mentions the marriage (using the Latin verb for "to marry", i.e. nubere) of the son of Curio the Elder, but he does it in a metaphorical form to criticize his enemy Antonius. Cicero states thus that the younger Curio was "united in a stable and permanent marriage" to Antonius.[3] Martial also mentions a number of same-sex marriages, but always in derisory terms against people whom he wants to mock at.[4]

At least two of the Roman Emperors were in same-sex unions; and in fact, thirteen out of the first fourteen Roman Emperors held to be bisexual or exclusively homosexual.[5] The first Roman emperor to have married a man was Nero, who is reported to have married two other men on different occasions. First with one of his freedman, Pythagoras, to whom Nero took the role of the bride, and later as a groom Nero married a young boy, who resembled one of his concubines,[6] named Sporus.

Child emperor Elagabalus referred to his chariot driver, a blond slave from Caria named Hierocles, as his husband.[7] He also married an athlete named Zoticus in a lavish public ceremony in Rome amidst the rejoicings of the citizens.[8]

These same-sex marriages continued until Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire. A law in the Theodosian Code (C. Th. 9.7.3) was issued in 342 AD by the Christian emperors Constantius II and Constans. This law prohibited same-sex marriage in ancient Rome and ordered that those who were so married were to be executed.[9][10]

In the Middle Ages, a same-sex marriage between the two men Pedro Díaz and Muño Vandilaz in the Galician municipality of Rairiz de Veiga in Spain occurred on 16 April 1061. They were married by a priest at a small chapel. The historic documents about the church wedding were found at Monastery of San Salvador de Celanova.[11]

1970s

1970

File:McConnell (l) and Baker (r) apply for marriage license 19700518.png
Michael McConnell (l) and Jack Baker apply at the Hennepin County courthouse for a license to marry – by R. Bertrand Heine, Minnesota Historical Society
  • May 18: United States, Minnesota: State statutes did not prohibit marriage between two adults of the same sex. "Marriage, so far as its validity in law is concerned, is a civil contract, to which the consent of the parties, capable in law of contracting, is essential."[12] Jack Baker and Michael McConnell applied for a marriage license in Hennepin County, Minnesota. It was denied. Minnesota's Supreme Court upheld the denial [October 1971]. The opinion relied on common law to conclude that marriage must include a man and a woman. An appeal of that decision ended when the U.S. Supreme Court accepted the case as required by a law in effect but then dismissed it "for want of a substantial federal question". (see Baker v. Nelson). Until 1973, there was no restriction on gender in any marriage statute in any state within the U.S.
  • 1971: Baker and McConnell obtained a marriage license from another Minnesota county.[13] A Methodist minister officiated in a marriage ceremony in Minneapolis and signed the license [September 1971].[14] In Minnesota, a marriage license, lawfully-obtained and signed correctly, by consenting adults, became a binding contract until annulled in a court of competent jurisdiction. No court — state or federal — has ever invalidated the contract executed according to the marriage laws in effect at the time.

1971

September 20: Faygele Ben-Miriam and fellow activist Paul Barwick applied for a marriage license at the King County Administration Building in Seattle,[15] not being keen on actually getting married but wanting "to make a point about having the same rights as heterosexuals."[16] Their request was refused by then-county auditor (and current County Assessor) Lloyd Hara. They were among the first same-sex couples in the United States to apply for a marriage license, causing a flurry of media coverage and leading to a lawsuit,[17] Singer v. Hara, which ended in 1974 with a unanimous rejection by the Washington State Court of Appeals. [18]

1973

  • January 1: Maryland becomes the first state in the US to statutorily ban same-sex marriage, under §2–201 of the Maryland Family Law Code.[19] In the following two decades, other states joined Maryland in statutorily banning same-sex marriage reaching a peak of 45 out of 50 states in 1994.

1975

  • January 7: Two men from Phoenix, Arizona are granted a marriage license by their county clerk. The Arizona Supreme Court would later invalidate the license, citing the Bible in its decision.
  • March 26: In Colorado, Boulder county clerk Clela Rorex issued six marriage licenses to same-sex couples after receiving an opinion from the local district attorney's office saying that state marriage law did not prohibit same sex unions. The state DA's office later issued an opinion that the licenses were invalid and no new licenses were issued.

1979

  • June: The Netherlands adopts a "Unregistered Cohabitation" scheme as a civil status in rent law, being the first country in the world to give limited rights for same-sex couples.[20]

1980s

1989

  • October 1: Denmark becomes the first country in the world to legally recognize same-sex unions, after passing a bill legalizing "registered partnerships".

1990s

1993

  • April 30: Norway approves a registered partnerships bill, becoming the second country in the world (after Denmark) to provide legal recognition for same-sex couples. It came into effect on August 1.
  • May 5: The Hawaii State Supreme Court rules in Baehr v. Lewin that the Hawaii state statute limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples is presumed to be unconstitutional unless the state can present a "compelling state interest" justifying the same-sex marriage ban.

1994

  • June 23: Sweden's parliament approves a registered partnerships bill. It became legal on 1 January 1995.

1996

1997

  • July 5: The Netherlands passes a registered partnerships bill.[24] It became law on 1 January 1998.[20]

1998

1999

  • January 12: Belgium approves a registered partnerships bill.[26] It became law on 1 January 2000.[26]
  • September 22: Governor Gray Davis from the US state of California signs a domestic partnerships bill into law that provided limited rights for same-sex couples.[27]
  • November 15: The Parliament of France approves legislation (art. 515-1 et s. Code civil) that:
  1. creates a relationship register for both gay and straight couples (called "Pacte civil de solidarité" abbreviated as "PaCS"); and
  2. redefines the non-registered partnership as the stable union between two adults regardless of their gender (before this law, previous decisions of the French highest Court ruled that there could be no couple without appearance of marriage, therefore excluding gay people from any vision of family).

2000s

2000

  • April 26: Governor Howard Dean from the US state of Vermont signs a civil unions bill into law after the state's Supreme Court ruled that same-sex couples were entitled to the same rights as opposite sex couples, thus making Vermont the first state in the U.S. to give full marriage rights to same-sex couples.[29] It became law on July 1.
  • November: Germany approves a bill to legalize "Life partnerships". It became law on 1 August 2001.
  • December 21: Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands signs into law the first same-sex marriage bill in the world. It had previously cleared the country's Senate on December 19 and the House of Representatives on September 12. The law came into effect on 1 April 2001.

2001

Two men marrying in Amsterdam, in the first month after the Netherlands became the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage (2001).
  • January 14: Two same-sex marriages are performed in Ontario, Canada.[30] Although registration of the marriages was initially denied, a successful court challenge upheld their legality on June 10, 2003, thus retroactively making them the first legal same-sex marriages in modern times.[31]
  • April 1: Laws that permit marriage for same-sex couples and grant same-sex couples adoption rights in the Netherlands come into effect. Four same-sex couples are married at the stroke of midnight by the Mayor of Amsterdam.
  • September 28: The Parliament of Finland approves a Registered Partnerships bill.[32] The law came into effect on 1 March 2002.

2002

  • June 5: Sweden's parliament passes a law giving same-sex couples adoption rights.

2003

  • February 13: King Albert II of Belgium signs a bill legalizing same-sex marriage into law, making Belgium the second country in the world to legalize civil marriage for same-sex couples, after the Netherlands. The bill previously passed the Chamber of Representatives in a 91–22 vote on January 30, 2003 and the Senate in a 46–15 vote on December 13, 2002. It came into effect on June 1.
  • May 1: The British Columbia Court of Appeal becomes the first provincial court of appeal to rule that the Canadian government must legally recognize same-sex marriage.
  • June 10: A court of appeals in Canada legalizes same-sex marriage in the province of Ontario, the country's most populous, after ruling that the law restricting marriage to heterosexual couples contravened the equality provisions in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Thus, making Ontario the first jurisdiction in the Americas to recognize same-sex marriages.
  • September 17: A registered partnership bill receives Royal Assent in Tasmania, Australia. It was priorly approved by the Legislative Council on August 27 and by the House of Assembly on June 25.[33] It came into effect on 1 January 2004.[34]
  • November 18: Supreme Court of Massachusetts orders the Legislature to open marriage to same-sex couples in the landmark Goodridge v. Department of Public Health ruling. The Court also rules that if the Legislature fails to do so in 180 days, same-sex couples will be able to marry without any impediment.

2004

  • January 12: The Legislature of the US state of New Jersey passes a registered partnerships bill. It came into effect on July 10.
  • February 4: Supreme Court of Massachusetts issues a clarification of its ruling in Goodridge saying that civil unions are not a sufficient alternative to full same-sex marriage.
  • February/March: A number of jurisdictions in the U.S. begin issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples, including San Francisco, California (February 12), Sandoval County, New Mexico (February 20), New Paltz, New York (February 27), Multnomah County, Oregon (March 3) and Asbury Park, New Jersey (March 9). The licenses were later nullified.
  • April: The US state of Maine adopts a registered partnerships bill. The law came into effect on July 30.[35]
  • May 12: Luxembourg's parliament approves a civil partnerships bill.[36][37] It came into effect on November 1.
  • May 17: Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the US state of Massachusetts after the Legislature failed to take any action in the 180 days period given by the state's Supreme Court. It became the first US state to legalize same-sex marriage.[38]
  • November 5: A judge in Saskatchewan, Canada, rules that same-sex couples must enjoy the right to equal marriage in that province.
  • November 17: United Kingdom's parliament legalizes civil partnerships for same-sex couples. The bill received Royal Assent the next day and it took effect on 5 December 2005.
  • November 30: Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa rules that the common law concept of marriage must be extended to include same-sex couples.
  • December 8: The government of Israel indicates that it will recognize same-sex partnerships for certain benefits.
  • December 8: New Zealand's parliament approves a civil unions law by a vote of 65 to 55. The bill came into effect on 26 April 2005.

2005

  • March 23: The Principality of Andorra legalizes same-sex unions.[39]
  • April 20: Governor Jodi Rell from the US State of Connecticut signs a same-sex civil unions bill into law after passing the State Senate 26 to 8 earlier that day. The bill was previously approved on April 13 by the Connecticut House of Representatives in a 85–63 vote. It came into effect on October 1.
  • June 5 : A registered partnership law is approved in Switzerland by 58 percent of voters after opponents organized a ballot measure.[40] It came into effect on 1 January 2007.
  • June 22: A registered partnerships bill is approved in Slovenia giving same-sex couples limited rights.[41] It came into effect on 23 July 2006.
  • June 23: A judge in New Brunswick, Canada, rules that same-sex couples have the right to equal marriage in that province.
  • June 30: The Congress of Deputies of Spain passes a same-sex marriage bill for a second time, overruling the rejection of the Spanish Senate a week before. The law took effect on July 3, after it was publicized in the official government registry. King Juan Carlos I granted the law Royal Assent the day after passage.
  • July 19: The Canadian Senate legalizes same-sex marriage, making Canada the first country in the Americas to legalize same-sex marriage. It became law on July 20 after receiving Royal Assent. Eight of ten provinces and one of three territories in Canada already allowed same-sex marriage before being recognized federally.
  • December 1: In the case of Minister of Home Affairs v Fourie, the Constitutional Court of South Africa unanimously finds the restriction of marriage to opposite-sex couples to be unconstitutional, giving Parliament one year to introduce same-sex marriage.

2006

  • March 15: The Czech Republic's parliament passes a registered partnership law with 101 votes (out of 177) overriding President Václav Klaus, who previously vetoed the law on February 16[42] after it was approved by the lower and upper house on 2005. The law came into effect on July 1.[43]
  • May 18: King Albert II of Belgium signs a bill allowing adoption by same-sex couples into law after it was approved by the country's Senate on April 20 in a 34–33 vote.
  • October 25: The Supreme Court of the US state of New Jersey unanimously rules in favor of marriage equality; 4–3 give the legislature six months to legalize same-sex marriage or civil unions. The three dissenting justices dissented because they believed same-sex couples should have the full right to marry.[44]
  • November 9: The Legislative Assembly of Mexico City passes a civil union law, making it the first jurisdiction in Latin America to legally recognize same-sex unions.
  • November 21: Israel's supreme court rules that same-sex marriages performed abroad will be formally registered by the Israeli Interior Ministry. This ruling makes equal the status of same-sex couples and other Israeli couples who cannot be married by the formal religious institutions in Israel (e.g. couples from different religions).
  • November 29: Deputy President of South Africa Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka signs the Civil Union Act into law, legalising same-sex marriage.[45] The bill was passed by the National Assembly in a 229–41 vote on November 14, and by the National Council of Provinces in a 36–11 vote on November 28. The act is published in the Government Gazette on November 30 and the first wedding takes place on December 1.
  • December 7: Canada's Members of Parliament reject Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s motion to re-open the equal marriage debate. The motion was defeated 175–123, and every political party had more MPs supporting same-sex marriage than in the previous vote. The prime minister declared the issue "settled".
  • December 21: Governor Jon Corzine from the US state of New Jersey signs a bill legalizing civil unions into law.[46] It took effect on 19 February 2007.

2007

  • January 12: The Mexican state of Coahuila legalizes civil unions, being the first state to do so in Mexico and the second entity (after Mexico D.F.).
  • April 21: Governor Chris Gregoire from the US state of Washington signs a domestic partnerships bill into law.[47] It came into effect on July 22.
  • May 9: Governor Ted Kulongoski from the US state of Oregon signs a domestic partnerships bill into law. It came into effect on 1 February 2008.
  • May 31: Governor John Lynch from the US state of New Hampshire signs a civil unions bill into law. It came into effect on 1 January 2008.
  • August 30: A court of the US state of Iowa strikes down its ban on same-sex marriage as a result of a legal challenge. About 20 couples obtained marriage licenses and one couple married before the judge issued a stay of his ruling pending appeal.[48]
  • December 27: Uruguay's President Tabaré Vázquez signs a civil unions bill into law.[49] It came into effect on 1 January 2008.

2008

  • April 15: A bill legalizing registered relationships receives Royal Assent in Victoria, Australia. It was previously approved by the State Legislative Council on April 10 and by the State Legislative Assembly on March 12. The law came into effect on December 1.[50]
  • May 8: The Legislative Assembly of the ACT, Australia, passes a bill legalizing civil partnerships for same-sex couples.[51] It came into effect on May 19.
First same-sex wedding in San Francisco, California.
  • May 15: The Supreme Court of the US state of California legalizes same-sex marriage in the landmark In re Marriage Cases ruling. The ruling took effect on June 16.
  • May 22: Governor Martin O'Malley of the US state of Maryland signs into law two bills legalizing domestic partnerships. They came into effect on July 1.
  • May 29: Governor David Paterson from the US state of New York signs an executive order mandating state agencies to recognize same-sex marriages performed out-of-state equally under the law. New York thus became the first US state that didn't allow same-sex marriages, but whose state agencies recognized same-sex marriages performed elsewhere.
  • June 17: Norway's upper house legalizes same-sex marriage in a 23–17 vote. The bill was previously approved by the lower house on June 11 in a 84–41 vote.[52] It came into effect on 1 January 2009.
  • September 28: Ecuador's new Constitution is approved by 63.9% of voters, legalizing civil unions for same-sex couples.[53][54] The country's first same-sex civil union was performed performed on 12 August 2009.[55]
  • October 10: The Supreme Court of the US state of Connecticut legalizes same-sex marriage in the landmark Kerrigan and Mock v. Connecticut Department of Public Health ruling.[56] Same-sex weddings started on November 12.
  • November 4: A referendum seeking to constitutionally ban same-sex marriages in the US state of California is approved by 52.2% of voters;[57] thus overturning same-sex marriage in California, this event being noteworthy because it has been the only time in modern history that same-sex marriage has been overturned.
  • November 19: The Supreme Court of Nepal orders the government to legalize same-sex marriage.

2009

  • January 28: The Constitutional Court of Colombia rules that same-sex couples are entitled to the same rights as heterosexual couples in common-law marriages. The ruling means that civil and political rights such as nationality, residency, housing protection, and state benefits are now granted to same-sex partners.[58]
  • April 1: The Parliament of Sweden legalizes same-sex marriage in a 226–22 vote.[59] The law came into effect on May 1.
  • April 3: Supreme Court of Iowa legalizes same-sex marriage in the landmark Varnum v. Brien ruling.[60] Same-sex weddings started on April 27.
  • April 7: The US state of Vermont legalizes same-sex marriage after a 23–5 vote in the State Senate and a 100–49 vote in the House of Representatives, overriding Governor Jim Douglas, who had vetoed the law a day earlier.[61] The bill came into effect on September 1.
  • April 20: The Parliament of Hungary legalizes registered partnerships in a 199–159 vote.[62] The law came into effect on July 1.
  • May 6: Governor John Baldacci from the US state of Maine signs a same-sex marriage bill into law.[63] The bill was previously approved 89-58 by the House of Representatives a day earlier and 21-14 by the State Senate on April 30. However, opponents organized a referendum that took place on November 3.
  • May 18: Governor Chris Gregoire from the US state of Washington signs the so-called "everything-but-marriage" registered partnerships bill into law.[64][65] It was passed by the State Senate on March 10 and by the House of Representatives on April 15. However, opponents organized a referendum that took place on November 3.
  • May 26: California Supreme Court upholds Proposition 8, constitutionally banning same-sex marriage, but rules that previously officiated same-sex marriages shall remain valid.
  • May 31: Parliament of the US state of Nevada approves domestic partnerships by an overwhelming majority overriding a Governor's veto. The law came into effect on October 1.
  • June 3: Governor John Lynch from the US State of New Hampshire signs a bill legalizing same-sex marriage into law after being approved 14–10 by the State Senate and 198–176 by the House of Representatives.[66] The law took effect on 1 January 2010.
  • June 29: Governor Jim Doyle from the US state of Wisconsin signs into law a bill legalizing registered partnerships. The bill was previously approved by the State Assembly in a 50–48 vote on June 13[67] and by the State Senate in a 17–16 vote on June 17.[67] The law came into effect on August 3.
  • July 1: The US state of Colorado begins recognizing designated beneficiary agreements.[68]
  • July 6: The District of Columbia starts recognizing same-sex marriages performed in other US states, although same-sex marriages cannot be performed in DC itself.
  • November 3: A referendum in the US state of Maine repeals an approved same-sex marriage bill before it took effect,[69] while a referendum in the US state of Washington upholds the so-called "everything-but-marriage" registered partnerships bill,[70] which came into effect on December 3.
  • December 18: District of Columbia Mayor Adrian Fenty signs a same-sex marriage bill into law.[71] The bill was previously approved by the D.C. Council on December 15.[72] It came into effect on 3 March 2010.[73]
  • December 18: Austria's Federal Council passes a bill legalizing registered partnerships in a 44–8 vote.[74] The bill was previously passed by the National Council on December 10 in a 110–64 vote.[75] It came into effect on 1 January 2010.
  • December 28: The first same-sex marriage in Argentina and Latin America is conducted in Ushuaia, province of Tierra del Fuego. The couple first planned to marry in Buenos Aires on December 1 after a city court ruled that it should be issued a marriage license;[76] however, a national judge blocked the marriage from taking place in Buenos Aires. The couple successfully married in Ushuaia thanks to Governor Fabiana Ríos's intervention.[77]
  • December 29: Mexico City's Head of Government Marcelo Ebrard signs a same-sex marriage bill into law.[78] The bill was previously approved on December 21 by the Legislative Assembly in a 39–20 vote. It took effect on 3 March 2010.[79] Civil unions in Mexico City had been available since 2007, but full marriage was not yet recognized.[80]

2010s

2010

President of Argentina, Cristina Fernández, signs the bill legalizing same-sex marriage.
  • July 21: President of Argentina Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner signs a same-sex marriage bill into law,[91] making Argentina the first country in Latin America to legalize same-sex marriage. The bill was previously approved by the country's Senate 33-27 on July 15[92] and 125–109 by the Chamber of Deputies on May 5.[93] The first marriage took place on July 30.[94]
  • August 4: U.S. District Court of Northern California declares that Proposition 8, a 2008 California-electorate ban on same-sex marriage, violates due process and equal protection clauses in the U.S. Constitution.[95] Supporters of the proposition eventually appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
  • August 5: The Supreme Court of Mexico votes 8–2 to uphold the constitutionality of Mexico City's same-sex marriage law.[96] On the following days, it also voted to mandate that all 31 states of Mexico must recognize same-sex marriages performed in other jurisdictions (on August 10, on a 9–2 vote)[97] and to uphold a Mexico City law permitting same-sex couples entering into marriages to adopt children (on August 16, on a 9–2 vote).[98]
  • August 10: The Supreme Court of Justice of Costa Rica issues a 5–2 ruling to halt a referendum on same-sex civil unions which was scheduled for December 5 after stating that minority rights shouldn't be decided by the majority.[99]

2011

  • January 10: The top court of the province of Saskatchewan in Canada rules that marriage commissioners cannot refuse to wed same-sex couples on religious grounds.[100]
  • January 31: Governor Pat Quinn from the US state of Illinois signs a civil unions bill into law.[101] The bill was previously approved 32–24 by the state Senate on December 1[102] and 61–52 by the state House of Representatives on November 30.[103] It came into effect on June 1.[104]
  • February 23: Governor Neil Abercrombie from the US state of Hawaii signs a civil unions bill into law.[105] The bill was previously approved 18–5 by the state Senate on February 16[106] and 31–19 by the state House of Representatives on February 11.[107] It came into effect on 1 January 2012.[108]
  • March 15: The Isle of Man legalizes civil partnerships.[109] The law came into effect on April 6.[110]
  • March 16: The Parliament of Liechtenstein passes a registered partnerships bill in a 24–0 vote.[111] However, opponents organized a referendum that took place on June 19.[112]
  • May 5: Brazil's Supreme Court of Justice unanimously legalizes civil unions for same-sex couples.[113][114]
  • May 11: Governor Jack Markell from the US state of Delaware signs a civil unions bill into law.[115] The bill was previously approved 26–15 by the state Assembly on April 14[116] and 13–6 by the state Senate on April 7.[117] It came into effect on 1 January 2012.[108]
  • June 19 : Voters of Liechtenstein approve a registered partnerships bill by 68.8% after opponents organized a ballot measure.[112] The law took effect on September 1.[112]
  • June 24: Governor Andrew Cuomo from the US state of New York signs a same-sex marriage bill into law. The bill was previously approved two hours early 33–29 by the state Senate and 80–63 by the state Assembly on June 5.[118] It came into effect on July 24.[119]
  • July 1: A civil unions bill in the US state of Rhode Island becomes effective, Independent Governor Lincoln Chafee signed the bill on July 2, 2011 but the law was made retroactive from July 1, 2011.[120] The bill was previously approved 21–16 by the state Senate on June 29[121] and by the Assembly in a 62–11 vote on May 20.[122]
  • July 12: A civil partnerships bill is unanimously approved in Jersey.[123] It took effect on 2 April 2012.[124]
  • July 26: The Constitutional Court of Colombia orders the Colombian Congress to legislate in order to give full-marriage rights to same-sex couples.[125]
  • August 1: Same-sex marriage is in effect legalized by the Suquamish tribe in the US state of Washington for tribe members.[126]
  • October 25: Brazil's Supreme Court of Justice rules that two women can legally be married.[127]
  • November 28: First same-sex marriages are held in Quintana Roo, Mexico, because the state's civil code doesn't state sex or gender requirements for marriage.[128]
  • November 30: The state parliament of Queensland, Australia, passes a civil partnerships bill in a 47–40 vote.[129] The law came into effect on 23 February 2012.[130]

2012

  • February 7: A three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals rules 2–1 that the ban on same-sex marriage in California is unconstitutional.[131]
  • February 13: Governor Christine Gregoire from the US state of Washington signs a same-sex marriage bill into law. The bill was priorly approved 55–43 by the state House on 8 February[132] and 28–21 by the state Senate on 1 February.[133] However, opponents organized a referendum that took place on November 6.
  • February 22: In the case of Golinski v. Office of Personnel Management, another U.S. District Court rules Section 3 of DOMA unconstitutional.[134]
  • March 1: Governor Martin O'Malley from the US state of Maryland signs a same-sex marriage bill into law.[135] The bill was previously approved by the Senate, 25–22, on 23 February[136] and by the House, 72–67, on 17 February.[137] However, opponents organized a referendum that took place on November 6.
  • May 9: Barack Obama becomes the first sitting U.S. president to publicly announce support for same-sex marriage.[138][139]
  • May 14: Governor Lincoln Chafee from the US state of Rhode Island signs an executive order to recognize same-sex marriages performed out-of-state equally under the law.[140]
  • May 22: U.S. District Judge Claudia Wilken rules Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) unconstitutional.[141]
  • May 31: U.S. First Circuit federal appeals court rules Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) unconstitutional in the consolidated appeal of two cases, Gill v. Office of Personnel Management and Massachusetts v. United States Department of Health and Human Services.[142]
  • June 7: The Parliament of Denmark legalizes same-sex marriage in a 85–24 vote, becoming the eighth country in Europe, and eleventh overall, to do it.[143][144] The law came took effect on June 15.[143] Denmark was previously the first country to legally recognize same-sex couples through registered partnerships in 1989.[145]
  • June 10: A judicial court in Uruguay declares a foreign same-sex marriage valid, making it the first legal same-sex marriage in the country.[146] The ruling also affirmed that local laws already permit same-sex marriage, even if they don't state it literally, and that Uruguayans married overseas can go to a judge to have their marriages recognized.[147]
  • July 25: The Government of Scotland announces plans to introduce legislation to legalise same-sex marriage by 2015.[148]
  • August 29: The Parliament of New Zealand passes a same-sex marriage bill by a vote of 80–40 in the first reading stage, and referred to the Government Administration Select Committee for consideration. The Committee is required to report back by 28 February 2013 on whether to continue the bill and any amendments that should be made.[149][150]
  • October 10: Same-sex marriage is legalized in the Caribbean Netherlands after the Dutch Parliament passed a law extending its same-sex marriage law to the region.[151]
  • October 18: In Windsor v. United States, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit strikes down Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) as unconstitutional.[152]
  • November 6: The Spanish Constitutional Court upholds the country's same-sex marriage law after the ruling People's Party filed a lawsuit arguing that it was unconstitutional. After the ruling, the Spanish Minister of Justice said that the government will accept the verdict and drop plans to change the law.[153]
  • November 6: Voters in the US states of Maine, Maryland, and Washington approve same-sex marriage laws in a referendum, becoming the first US states to legalize same-sex marriage through this process,[154][155] while voters in the US state of Minnesota become the first to reject a constitutional amendment seeking to ban same-sex marriages in their state.[156] The laws of Washington, Maine and Maryland, came into effect on 6 December 2012, 29 December 2012[157] and 1 January 2013[158] respectively.
  • December 4: The First Committee of Colombia's Senate passes a same-sex marriage bill; it will be voted on by the full Senate at a later date.[159][160]
  • December 5: Supreme Court of Mexico unanimously finds the same-sex marriage ban in the southern state of Oaxaca unconstitutional, paving the way for same-sex marriages nationally.[161] Same-sex marriage is already legal in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo and in Mexico City.
  • December 12: The Chamber of Deputies of Uruguay approves a same-sex marriage bill in a 81–6 vote. The bill will be voted by the country's Senate in April 2013.[162]
  • December 18: The Justice Court of São Paulo state in Brazil orders that marriage licenses be granted to same-sex couples. São Paulo thus becomes the most populated Brazilian state to offer same-sex marriages. Three other states and the Federal District already offered same-sex marriages.[163]

2013

  • January 24: The House of Representatives of the US state of Rhode Island approves a same-sex marriage bill by a 51–19 vote. The bill now goes to the state Senate.[164]
  • February 5: The House of Commons in the United Kingdom voted in favour of the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill, by 400 to 175. The bill will now proceed to a parliamentary committee for further scrutiny.[165]
  • February 11: The Senate of the US state of Colorado passes a civil unions bill in a 21–14 vote. It now goes to the state House of Representatives.[166]
  • February 12: The National Assembly of France approves a same-sex marriage bill in a 329–229 vote. The bill now proceeds to the Senate, where it will arrive on April 2.[167]
  • February 14: The Senate of the US state of Illinois approves a same-sex marriage bill by a 34–21 vote.[168] The bill will now go to the state House of Representatives.
  • March 01: Same-sex marriage regulation comes into effect in the Brazilian State of São Paulo, making it the sixth Brazilian State along with the Federal District to regulate same-sex marriage State-wide.[169]

See also

References

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  4. ^ Martial 12.42, 1.35, 3.93, 12.95. Old Translations of passages at: http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/martial_epigrams_book12.htm http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/martial_epigrams_book01.htm http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/martial_epigrams_book03.htm
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  157. ^ Maryland Rings in New Year With Marriage Equality
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  165. ^ Bartels, Lynn. Civil-unions bill passes Colorado Senate 21-14. The Denver Post. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  166. ^ Mariage homosexuel : l'Assemblée vote le projet de loi
  167. ^ Illinois Senate approves gay marriage – chicagotribune.com
  168. ^ [1]

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