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Ajax
Ajax logo
Full nameAmsterdamsche Football Club Ajax NV
Nickname(s)de Godenzonen (the sons of the Gods), Ajacieden, de Joden (the Jews), de Amsterdammers (the Amsterdammers), I Lancieri (The Lancers)
Founded18 March 1900; 124 years ago (1900-03-18)
GroundAmsterdam Arena
Amsterdam
Capacity52,342[1]
ChairmanHennie Henrichs
ManagerFrank de Boer
LeagueEredivisie
2012–13Eredivisie, 1st
WebsiteClub website
Current season

Amsterdamsche Football Club Ajax (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈaːjɑks]), also referred to as AFC Ajax, Ajax Amsterdam or simply Ajax (after the legendary Greek hero), is a Dutch professional football club based in Amsterdam. The club is historically one of the three clubs that dominate the Dutch national football league (Eredivisie), the others being PSV and Feyenoord.

Ajax is historically one of the most successful clubs in the world; according to the IFFHS, Ajax were the seventh most successful European club of the 20th century.[2] The club is one of the five teams that has earned the right to keep the European Cup and to wear a multiple-winner badge; they won consecutively in 1971–1973. In 1972, they completed the European treble by winning the Dutch Eredivisie, KNVB Cup, and the European Cup; to date, they are the only team to keep the European Cup and accomplish the European treble. Ajax's last international trophies were the 1995 Intercontinental Cup and the 1995 Champions League, where they defeated Milan in the final; they lost the 1996 Champions League final on penalties to Juventus.

They are also one of three teams to win the treble and the Intercontinental Cup in the same season/calendar year;[3] This was achieved in the 1971–72 season.[4] Ajax, Juventus and Bayern Munich are the three clubs to have won all three major UEFA club competitions.[5] They have also won the Intercontinental Cup twice, the 1991–92 UEFA Cup, as well as the Karl Rappan Cup, a predecessor of the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 1962.[6] Ajax plays at the Amsterdam Arena, which opened in 1996. They previously played at De Meer Stadion and the Amsterdam Olympic Stadium (for international matches).

History

Main article: History of AFC Ajax

Ajax was founded in Amsterdam on 18 March 1900. With five national championships (1931, 1932, 1934, 1937, 1939), Ajax was the most successful Dutch team of the nineteen thirties. In 1955, professional football was finally permitted in the Netherlands. Ajax achieved their first Eredivisie championship in 1957 and again in 1960.

Johan Cruijff played at Ajax between 1959–73 and 1981–83, winning 3 European Cups; his No. 14 is the only squad number Ajax has ever retired. Cruyff came back to manage the club from 1985–88.

Ajax won the championship in 1966 and 1967, scoring a record breaking 122 goals including 33 from Johan Cruijff, and again in 1968, and reached the European Cup final of 1969 against AC Milan. In 1969–70 Ajax won the Dutch league championship, winning 27 out of 34 games and scoring 100 goals.

The 1971 European Cup final saw Ajax beat Panathinaikos 2–0 with goals from Dick van Dijk and Arie Haan. Ajax completed the treble of European Cup, Dutch National Championship and the KNVB Cup in 1972 before adding the Intercontinental Cup. In 1973, Ajax won a third consecutive European Cup and another Dutch championship.

The departure of Johan Cruijff for FC Barcelona in 1973 signalled the end of this period of success. In 1977, Ajax won their first domestic championship since 1973. Johan Cruijff returned to the club in 1981, with the club producing some talented youngsters in the mid-1980s such as Marco van Basten and Frank Rijkaard.

Cruijff returned in 1985 as the new manager and Ajax ended the season with 120 goals, of which 37 were from van Basten. Ajax won the '87 Cup Winners Cup and reached the final again the following season. Cruijff departed prior to the second Cup Winners Cup final and with most of the 80's stars such as van Basten also leaving, Ajax once again declined.

Managed by Louis van Gaal, Ajax won the 1992 UEFA Cup. Dennis Bergkamp scored six goals in the competition and was the top goalscorer in Dutch football in 1991 and 1992.

Ajax won the UEFA Champions League 1994-95 and the league title. The season saw an unbeaten run in the national league and the final season for Frank Rijkaard, while striker Patrick Kluivert came off the bench to score a late winner to beat AC Milan in the final of the Champions League. Ajax went on to beat Brazilian side Grêmio on penalties to win the Intercontinental Cup. The following season, Ajax lost to Juventus on penalties in the European Cup final.

However, the subsequent period saw the departure of manager van Gaal along with an exodus of many key players including Clarence Seedorf in 1995; Edgar Davids, Michael Reiziger, Finidi George, and Nwankwo Kanu in 1996; Patrick Kluivert, Marc Overmars, and Winston Bogarde in 1997; Ronald de Boer and Frank de Boer in 1998; and Edwin van der Sar and Jari Litmanen in 1999.

Youth program

Main article: Jong Ajax

The club is also particularly famous for its renowned youth program that has produced many Dutch talents over the years – Johan Cruijff, Edwin van der Sar, Dennis Bergkamp, national team top scorer Patrick Kluivert, and former national team coach Marco van Basten. Dutch national first-team players Rafael van der Vaart, Ryan Babel, Wesley Sneijder, Maarten Stekelenburg, Eljero Elia, André Ooijer, John Heitinga and Nigel de Jong had also came through the ranks at Ajax and all are now playing for top-flight clubs. Ajax also regularly supplies the Dutch national youth teams with local talent.[7] First team regulars Siem de Jong, Urby Emanuelson and Gregory van der Wiel are former youth internationals who made the successful step up to the senior side.[8][9][10]

Due to mutual agreements with foreign clubs, the youth academy has also signed foreign players as teenagers before making first team debuts, such as Belgian defensive trio Jan Vertonghen, Toby Alderweireld and Thomas Vermaelen (now with Arsenal) and winger Tom de Mul (now with Sevilla), all of whom are full internationals as well as Dutch youth international Javier Martina and Vurnon Anita of the Netherlands Antilles.

Ajax has also expanded its talent searching program to South Africa with Ajax Cape Town. Ajax Cape Town was set up with the help of Rob Moore. Ajax has also had a satellite club in the United States under the name Ajax America, until it filed for bankruptcy. There are some youth players from Ajax Cape Town that have been drafted into the Eredivisie squad, such as South African international Steven Pienaar (on loan to Everton[11]) and Cameroonian international Eyong Enoh.

In 1995, the year Ajax won the Champions League, the Dutch national team was almost entirely composed of Ajax players, with Edwin van der Sar in goal; players such as Michael Reiziger, Frank de Boer, and Danny Blind in defense; Ronald de Boer, Edgar Davids, and Clarence Seedorf in midfield; and Patrick Kluivert and Marc Overmars in attack.[12]

In 2011 AFC Ajax opened it's first youth academies outside of the Netherlands, when the club partnered up with George Kazianis and All Star Consultancy in Greece to open the Ajax Hellas Youth Academy. The offices are based in Nea Smyrni, Attica, with the main training facility located on the island of Corfu, hosting a total of 15 football youth academies throughout Greece and Cyprus. Eddie van Schaik heads the organization as coach and consultant, introducing the Ajax football philosophy at the various Greek football training camps.[13][14]

Rivalries

Main article: Klassieker

Feyenoord from Rotterdam are Ajax's arch rivals. Every year both clubs play the "Klassieker" ("The Classic"), a match between the teams from the two largest cities of the Netherlands. The matches are known for their tension and violence, both on and off the pitch. Over the years several violent incidents have taken place involving rival supporters, leading to the current prohibition of away-supporters in both stadiums.

PSV is also considered a rival, but in terms of tension and rivalry, these matches are not as loaded as the duels with Feyenoord. The rivalry has existed for some time with PSV and stems from various causes, such as the different interpretations of whether current national and international successes of both clubs and the supposed opposition between the Randstad and the province.

Affiliated clubs

Main article: List of AFC Ajax affiliated clubs

The following clubs are currently affiliated with AFC Ajax:

The following clubs were affiliated with AFC Ajax in the past:

In 1900, when the club was founded, the emblem of Ajax was just a picture of an Ajax player. In 1928, the club logo was introduced with the head of the Greek hero Ajax. The logo was once again changed in 1990 into an abstract version of the previous one. The new logo still sports the portrait of Ajax, but drawn with just 11 lines, symbolizing the 11 players of a football team.[28]

Colours

Ajax originally played in an all black uniform with a red sash tied around the players' waists, but that uniform was soon replaced by a red/white striped shirt and black shorts. Red, black and white are the three colours of the flag of Amsterdam. However, when, under manager Jack Kirwan, the club got promoted to the top flight of Dutch football for the first time in 1911 (then the Eerste Klasse or 'First Class', later named the Eredivisie), Ajax were forced to change their colours because Sparta Rotterdam already had exactly the same outfit. Special kits for away fixtures did not exist at the time and according to football association regulations the newcomers had to change their colours if two teams in the same league had identical uniforms. Ajax opted for white shorts and white shirt with a broad, vertical red stripe over chest and back, which still is Ajax's outfit.

File:Amsterdam ArenA.JPG
Amsterdam ArenA
Exterior of Stadium

Ajax's shirts have been sponsored by TDK, and by ABN AMRO from 1991 to 2008. AEGON has replaced ABN AMRO as the new head sponsor for a period of at least seven years.[29] On 1 April 2007, Ajax wore a different sponsor for the match against Heracles Almelo: Florius. Florius is a banking program just launched by ABN AMRO who wanted it to be the shirt sponsor for one match. The shirts have been manufactured by Umbro (1989–2000) and Adidas since 2000 (until at least 2010).[30]

Stadium

Main article: Amsterdam ArenA

Ajax' first stadium was built in 1911 out of wood and was simply called "The Stadium". Ajax later played in the stadium built for the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics. This stadium, designed by Jan Wils, is known as the Olympic Stadium. In 1934, Ajax moved to De Meer Stadion in east Amsterdam, designed by architect and Ajax-member Daan Roodenburgh. The stadium could accommodate 29,500 spectators and Ajax continued to play there until 1996. For big European and national fixtures the club would often play at the Olympic Stadium, which could accommodate about twice the number of spectators.

In 1996, Ajax moved to a new home ground in the southeast of the city known as the Amsterdam ArenA This was built by the Amsterdam city authority at a cost of $134 million. The stadium is capable of holding approximately 52,000 people. The average attendance in 2006/07 was 48,610, rising in the next season to 49,128. The ArenA has a retractable roof and set a trend for other modern stadiums built in Europe in the following years. In the Netherlands, the ArenA has earned a reputation for a terrible grass pitch caused by the removable roof that, even when open, takes away too much sunlight and fresh air. During the 2008–2009 season groundstaff introduced an artificial lighting system that has finally reduced this problem considerably.

The much-loved De Meer stadium was torn down and the land was sold to the city council. A residential neighbourhood now occupies the area. The only thing left of the old stadium are the letters AJAX, nowadays in place on the façade of the youth training grounds De Toekomst, near the Amsterdam Arena.

Jewish connection

File:Israel flag at Ajax stadium Amsterdam.jpg
Israeli flag at the Amsterdam Arena.

Historically, Ajax was popularly seen as having "Jewish roots", although not an official Jewish club like the city's WV-HEDW Ajax has had a Jewish image since the 1930s when the home stadium was located next to a Jewish neighbourhood of Amsterdam-Oost and opponents saw many supporters walking through this neighbourhood to get to the stadium.[31] The city of Amsterdam was historically referred to as a Mokum city, Mokum (מקום) being the Yiddish word for "place" or "safe haven",[32] and as anti-Semitic chants and name calling developed and intensified at the old De Meer Stadion from frustrated supporters of opposing clubs, Ajax fans (few of whom are actually Jewish[33]) responded by embracing Ajax's "Jewish" identity: calling themselves "super Jews", chanting "Jews, Jews" ("Joden, Joden") at games, and adopting Jewish symbols such as the Star of David and the Israeli flag.[33][34]

This Jewish imagery eventually became a central part of Ajax fans' culture.[34] At one point ringtones of "Hava Nagila", a Hebrew folk song, could be downloaded from the club's official website.[33] Beginning in the 1980s, fans of Ajax's rivals escalated their antisemitic rhetoric, chanting slogans like "Hamas, Hamas/Jews to the gas" ("Hamas, hamas, joden aan het gas"), hissing to imitate the flow of gas, giving Nazi salutes, etc.[33][35] The eventual result was that many (genuinely) Jewish Ajax fans stopped going to games.[33]

In the 2000s the club began trying to persuade fans to drop their Jewish image.[36]

Players

Current squad

Ajax squad in 2011.
As of 3 January 2013.[37]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Netherlands NED Kenneth Vermeer
2 DF Netherlands NED Ricardo van Rhijn
3 DF Belgium BEL Toby Alderweireld (vice captain)
4 DF Finland FIN Niklas Moisander
5 MF Denmark DEN Christian Poulsen
7 FW Serbia SRB Miralem Sulejmani
8 MF Denmark DEN Christian Eriksen
9 FW Iceland ISL Kolbeinn Sigþórsson
10 MF Netherlands NED Siem de Jong (captain)
11 FW Spain ESP Isaac Cuenca (on loan from Barcelona)
15 DF Denmark DEN Nicolai Boilesen
16 FW Denmark DEN Lucas Andersen
17 DF Netherlands NED Daley Blind
18 FW Netherlands NED Davy Klaassen
19 FW Sweden SWE Tobias Sana
20 MF Denmark DEN Lasse Schöne
No. Pos. Nation Player
21 FW Netherlands NED Derk Boerrigter
22 GK Netherlands NED Jasper Cillessen
23 FW Netherlands NED Danny Hoesen
25 MF South Africa RSA Thulani Serero
27 FW Netherlands NED Jody Lukoki
30 GK Netherlands NED Mickey van der Hart
32 DF Netherlands NED Ruben Ligeon
33 DF Netherlands NED Joël Veltman
34 DF Netherlands NED Stefano Denswil
35 DF Netherlands NED Mitchell Dijks
37 FW Netherlands NED Lesley de Sa
39 FW Denmark DEN Viktor Fischer
40 MF Netherlands NED Fabian Sporkslede
43 MF Netherlands NED Ilan Boccara
45 GK Netherlands NED Chiel Kramer
49 FW Netherlands NED Ryan Babel

Retired numbers

As of the 2007–08 season, no player could wear the number 14 shirt at Ajax, after the club decided to retire the shirt out of respect for Cruyff.[38] Cruyff himself laughed off the tribute saying the club had to let its best player play with number 14.[39] Spanish midfielder Roger was the last player to wear the number.

Youth/reserves squad

Main article: Jong Ajax

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
30 GK Netherlands NED Mickey van der Hart
32 DF Netherlands NED Ruben Ligeon
33 DF Netherlands NED Joël Veltman
35 DF Netherlands NED Mitchell Dijks
37 FW Netherlands NED Lesley de Sa
42 MF Netherlands NED Joeri de Kamps
43 MF Netherlands NED Ilan Boccara
45 GK Netherlands NED Chiel Kramer
54 DF Netherlands NED Riechedly Bazoer
66 FW China CHN Wang Chemgkuai
68 MF Serbia SRB Dejan Meleg
No. Pos. Nation Player
71 GK Netherlands NED Maurits Schmitz
— DF Netherlands NED Mike Busse
— DF Serbia SRB Stefan Marinković
— DF Netherlands NED Kenny Tete
— MF Netherlands NED Sinan Keskin
— FW Netherlands NED Jordi Bitter
— FW Netherlands NED Nick de Bondt
— FW Czech Republic CZE Václav Černý
— FW Netherlands NED Denzell Gravenberch
— FW China CHN Wei Shihao
— FW Serbia SRB Boban Lazić
Further information: Jong Ajax

Players out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
- MF Netherlands NED Roly Bonevacia (to Roda JC Kerkrade until July 2013)
- FW Netherlands NED Geoffrey Castillion (to Heracles Almelo until July 2013)
- MF Cameroon CMR Eyong Enoh (to Fulham until July 2013)
- FW Netherlands NED Gino van Kessel (to Almere City until July 2013)
No. Pos. Nation Player
- DF Netherlands NED Dico Koppers (to ADO Den Haag until July 2013)
- DF Netherlands NED Sven Nieuwpoort (to Almere City until July 2013)
- DF Netherlands NED Xandro Schenk (to Go Ahead Eagles until July 2013)
- DF Finland FIN Henri Toivomäki (to Almere City until July 2013)

Notable former players

Main Article: List of AFC Ajax players

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Players of Ajax Amsterdam.
For a list of all Ajax players with a Wikipedia article, see Category:AFC Ajax players.

Board and staff

Current board

  • Chairman: Hennie Henrichs
  • General director: Michael Kinsbergen
  • Financial director: Jeroen Slop
  • Marketing director: Edwin van der Sar
  • Technical director: Marc Overmars

Current technical staff

  • Manager: Frank de Boer
  • Assistant manager: Dennis Bergkamp
  • Assistant manager: Hennie Spijkerman
  • Goalkeepers trainer: Carlo L'Ami
  • Team manager: David Endt

List of Ajax chairmen

List of Ajax managers

Honours

Official trophies (recognized by UEFA and FIFA)

National

1917–18, 1918–19, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1933–34, 1936–37, 1938–39, 1946–47, 1956–57, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1969–70, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1989–90, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13
1916–17, 1942–43, 1960–61, 1966–67, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1978–79, 1982–83, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1992–93, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2001–02, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2009–10
1993, 1994, 1995, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007

International

Several of Ajax' international trophies
1972, 1995[40]
1971, 1972, 1973, 1995[40]
1987[40]
1992[40]
1974, 1995[4][41] *(Ajax also won in 1972, however, UEFA only sanctioned the UEFA Super Cup for the first time in 1973 so the 1972 edition was an unofficial one. Played against Rangers, winners of the 1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup, it actually went ahead as 'a celebration of the I Centenary of Rangers F.C.' (See below) because Rangers were serving a one year ban at the time imposed by UEFA for the misbehaviour of their fans. That victory meant Ajax had won every tournament (5 in total) they entered that year, a feat Celtic achieved in 1967 (with 6 trophies) and Barcelona (also 6 trophies) repeated in 2009.

Other trophies

1972[41]
1962[6]
1992
1994, 1997
  • Ted Bates Trophy: 1
2009
2010

Domestic results

Below is a table with Ajax's domestic results since the introduction of the Eredivisie in 1956.

Team records

Main article: List of AFC Ajax records

Below is a list AFC Ajax team records, award winners and Ajax players who have been capped for international tournaments.

See also

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ "AFC Ajax" (PDF). Uefa.com. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  2. ^ "Europe's Club of the Century". International Federation of Football History & Statistics. 11 September 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
  3. ^ with Manchester United in 1999 and FC Barcelona in 2009.
  4. ^ a b UEFA sanctioned the UEFA Supercup for the first time in 1973. In 1972 was an unofficial edition and the I Centenary of Rangers (see History of the UEFA Supercup in uefa.com).
  5. ^ (European Cup, Cup Winners' Cup and UEFA Cup)
  6. ^ a b UEFA sanctioned the UEFA Intertoto Cup for the first time in 1995. In 1960s, it was unofficial. See History of UEFA Intertoto Cup[dead link] in uefa.com.
  7. ^ "Ajax wants a foothold in the U.S." ESPN. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  8. ^ Hamilton, Chloe (22 October 1995). "Lessons of the Dutch school – Sport". The Independent. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
  9. ^ "Grooming talent the Ajax way". FIFA.com. 2 November 2007. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
  10. ^ "How a Soccer Star Is Made". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  11. ^ "Sticky situation! Pienaar returns to Toffees as Redknapp admits to avoiding midfielder". Daily Mail. 1 February 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ "Inside the Ajax academy on". Uefa.com. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
  13. ^ "The Academy". AjaxHellas.gr. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  14. ^ "Η νέα Κλινική Διαιτολόγος – Διατροφολόγος του Ajax Hellas". Care24.gr. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  15. ^ "Ajax Cape Town primeur in professionele sportwereld". Ajax.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 June 2006.
  16. ^ "Ajax gaat technische samenwerking aan met FC Omniworld". Ajax.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 June 2006.
  17. ^ "Ajax en Barcelona gaan samenwerken". Soccernews.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 1 May 2013.
  18. ^ "Ajax en FC Barcelona gaan samenwerken". Voetbalcentraal.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 1 May 2013.
  19. ^ "Komst Jonathas en Anderson startpunt van samenwerking met Cruzeiro". Soccernews.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  20. ^ "Ajax proud of unique collaboration". Ajax.nl. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  21. ^ "Palmeiras: "Zoveel mogelijk uitwisselen met Ajax"". Goal.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  22. ^ "AS Trenčín gaat definitief samenwerken met Ajax". Ajax1.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 9 December 2012.
  23. ^ "Ajax en GBA bekrachtigen overdracht". Ajax.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 June 2006.
  24. ^ "Ajax zet financiële participatie in Ashanti Goldfields om in technische samenwerking". Ajax.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 June 2006.
  25. ^ "Ajax Open Sunday". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 30 April 2004.
  26. ^ "Edmond Claus belichaamt samenwerking Ajax en Haarlem". Ajax.nl (in Dutch). 7 March 2006. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  27. ^ "Ajax tekende het convenant met FC Volendam op 13 juli 2007". Verus X (in Dutch). 14 July 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  28. ^ "History of the Ajax logo". Xs4all.nl. 20 September 1928. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  29. ^ "AEGON new head sponsor AFC Ajax". Ajax.nl. Archived from the original on 19 October 2007. Retrieved 17 October 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ "Contract with kit sponsor Adidas extended until summer 2009". AJAX-USA.com. Retrieved 10 December 2006.
  31. ^ "de alternatieve bron voor sportnieuws". Sportgeschiedenis.nl. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
  32. ^ Yiddish Dictionary Online
  33. ^ a b c d e Amsterdam Journal; A Dutch Soccer Riddle: Jewish Regalia Without Jews – New York Times, 28 March 2005
  34. ^ a b Understanding football hooliganism: A Comparison of Six Western European Clubs by Ramon Spaaij, published 2006
  35. ^ Ajax and the Jewish Issue[dead link]
  36. ^ Smith, Craig S. (28 March 2005). "Amsterdam Journal; A Dutch Soccer Riddle: Jewish Regalia Without Jews". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  37. ^ "Ajax". English.ajax.nl. 12 November 2002. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  38. ^ "Ajax retire number 14". Ajax.nl. Archived from the original on 1 May 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ "Ajax Retires number 14", FourFourTwo website, 2007-04-19
  40. ^ a b c d Football Europe: AFC Ajax; uefa.com
  41. ^ a b UEFA sanctioned the UEFA Super Cup for the first time in 1973. In 1972 was an unofficial edition and the I Centenary of Rangers FC (see History of the UEFA Super Cup in uefa.com).
  42. ^ "Hardgras". Hardgras.nl. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ajax Amsterdam.

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