ISO 639 macrolanguage

"Macrolanguage" redirects here. For macro languages in computer science, see Macro (computer science).

ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. In defining some of its language codes, some are classified as macrolanguages, which include other individual languages in the standard. This category exists to assist mapping between another set of languages codes, ISO 639-2, and ISO 639-3. ISO 639-3 is curated by SIL International, ISO 639-2 is curated by the Library of Congress (USA).

The mapping often has the implication that it covers borderline cases where two language varieties may be considered strongly divergent dialects of the same language or very closely related languages (dialect continuums). It may also encompass situations when there are language varieties that are sometimes considered to be varieties of the same language and sometimes different languages for ethnic or political rather than linguistic reasons. However, this is not its primary function and the classification is not evenly applied. For example, "Chinese" is a macrolanguage encompassing many languages that are not mutually intelligible, but the languages "Standard German", "Bavarian German", and other closely related languages do not form a macrolanguage despite being more mutually intelligible. Other examples include Tajiki not being part of the Persian macrolanguage despite sharing much lexicon, and Urdu and Hindi not forming a macrolanguage. Even all dialects of Hindi are considered as separate languages. Basically, ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 use different criteria for dividing language varieties into languages, 639-2 uses shared writing systems and literature more whereas 639-3 focuses on mutual intelligibility and shared lexicon. The macrolanguages exist within the ISO 639-3 code set to make mapping between the two sets easier.

There are fifty-six language codes in ISO 639-2 that are considered to be macrolanguages in ISO 639-3. The use of this category of macrolanguage was applied in Ethnologue, starting in the 16th edition.

Some of the macrolanguages had no individual language (as defined by 639-3) in ISO 639-2, e.g. "ara" (Arabic), but ISO 639-3 recognizes different varieties of Arabic as separate languages under some circumstances. Others, like "nor" (Norwegian) had their two individual parts (nno Nynorsk, nob Bokmål) already in 639-2. That means some languages (e.g. "arb" Standard Arabic) that were considered by ISO 639-2 to be dialects of one language ("ara") are now in ISO 639-3 in certain contexts considered to be individual languages themselves. This is an attempt to deal with varieties that may be linguistically distinct from each other, but are treated by their speakers as forms of the same language, e.g. in cases of diglossia. For example,

• Generic Arabic, 639-2
• Standard Arabic, 639-3

ISO 639-2 also includes codes for collections of languages; these are not the same as macrolanguages. These collections of languages are excluded from ISO 639-3, because they never refer to individual languages. Most such codes are included in ISO 639-5.

Types of macrolanguages

• elements that have no ISO 639-2 code: 4 (bnc, hbs, kln, luy)
• elements that have no ISO 639-1 code: 29
• elements that do have ISO 639-1 codes: 32
• elements whose individual languages have ISO 639-1 codes: 2 (hbs – hr, bs, sr and nor – nn, nb)

List of macrolanguages

This list only includes official data from http://www.sil.org/iso639-3.

ISO 639-1	ISO 639-2	ISO 639-3	Number of individual languages	Name of macrolanguage
ak	aka	aka	2	Akan language
ar	ara	ara	30	Arabic language
ay	aym	aym	2	Aymara language
az	aze	aze	2	Azerbaijani language
(-)	bal	bal	3	Baluchi language
(-)	bik	bik	8 + retired 1	Bikol language
(-)	(-)	bnc	5	Bontok language
(-)	bua	bua	3	Buriat language
(-)	chm	chm	2	Mari language (Russia)
cr	cre	cre	6	Cree language
(-)	del	del	2	Delaware language
(-)	den	den	2	Slavey language (Athapascan)
(-)	din	din	5	Dinka language
(-)	doi	doi	2	Dogri language
et	est	est	2	Estonian language
fa	fas/per	fas	2	Persian language
ff	ful	ful	9	Fulah language
(-)	gba	gba	6 + retired 1	Gbaya language (Central African Republic)
(-)	gon	gon	2	Gondi language
(-)	grb	grb	5	Grebo language
gn	grn	grn	5	Guaraní language
(-)	hai	hai	2	Haida language
(-)	(-)	hbs	3	Serbo-Croatian
(-)	hmn	hmn	25 + retired 1	Hmong language
iu	iku	iku	2	Inuktitut language
ik	ipk	ipk	2	Inupiaq language
(-)	jrb	jrb	5	Judeo-Arabic languages
kr	kau	kau	3	Kanuri language
(-)	(-)	kln	9	Kalenjin languages
(-)	kok	kok	2	Konkani language
kv	kom	kom	2	Komi language
kg	kon	kon	3	Kongo language
(-)	kpe	kpe	2	Kpelle language
ku	kur	kur	3	Kurdish language
(-)	lah	lah	7 + retired 1	Lahnda language
lv	lav	lav	2	Latvian language
(-)	(-)	luy	14	Luyia language
(-)	man	man	6 + retired 1	Manding languages
mg	mlg	mlg	11 + retired 1	Malagasy language
mn	mon	mon	2	Mongolian language
ms	msa/may	msa	36 + retired 1	Malay language
(-)	mwr	mwr	6	Marwari language
ne	nep	nep	2	Nepali language
no	nor	nor	2	Norwegian language
oj	oji	oji	7	Ojibwa language
or	ori	ori	2	Oriya language
om	orm	orm	4	Oromo language
ps	pus	pus	3	Pashto language
qu	que	que	44	Quechua language
(-)	raj	raj	6	Rajasthani language
(-)	rom	rom	7	Romany language
sq	sqi/alb	sqi	4	Albanian language
sc	srd	srd	4	Sardinian language
sw	swa	swa	2	Swahili language
(-)	syr	syr	2	Syriac language
(-)	tmh	tmh	4	Tuareg languages
uz	uzb	uzb	2	Uzbek language
yi	yid	yid	2	Yiddish language
(-)	zap	zap	57 + retired 1	Zapotec language
za	zha	zha	16 + retired 2	Zhuang languages
zh	zho/chi	zho	14	Chinese language
(-)	zza	zza	2	Zaza language

List of macrolanguages and the individual languages

aaa–ezz

aka

aka is the ISO 639-3 language code for Akan. Its ISO 639-1 code is ak. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. fat – Fante
2. twi – Twi

ara

ara is the ISO 639-3 language code for Arabic language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ar. There are 30 individual language codes assigned.

1. aao – Algerian Saharan Arabic
2. abh – Tajiki Arabic
3. abv – Baharna Arabic
4. acm – Mesopotamian Arabic
5. acq – Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic
6. acw – Hijazi Arabic
7. acx – Omani Arabic
8. acy – Cypriot Arabic
9. adf – Dhofari Arabic
10. aeb – Tunisian Arabic
11. aec – Saidi Arabic
12. afb – Gulf Arabic
13. ajp – South Levantine Arabic
14. apc – North Levantine Arabic
15. apd – Sudanese Arabic
16. arb – Standard Arabic
17. arq – Algerian Arabic
18. ars – Najdi Arabic
19. ary – Moroccan Arabic
20. arz – Egyptian Arabic
21. auz – Uzbeki Arabic
22. avl – Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic
23. ayh – Hadrami Arabic
24. ayl – Libyan Arabic
25. ayn – Sanaani Arabic
26. ayp – North Mesopotamian Arabic
27. bbz – Babalia Creole Arabic
28. pga – Sudanese Creole Arabic
29. shu – Chadian Arabic
30. ssh – Shihhi Arabic

aym

aym is the ISO 639-3 language code for Aymara. Its ISO 639-1 code is ay. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. ayr – Central Aymara
2. ayc – Southern Aymara

aze

aze is the ISO 639-3 language code for Azerbaijani. Its ISO 639-1 code is az. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. azj – North Azerbaijani
2. azb – South Azerbaijani

bal

bal is the ISO 639-3 language code for Baluchi. There are three individual language codes assigned:

1. bgp – Eastern Balochi
2. bcc – Southern Balochi
3. bgn – Western Balochi

bik

bik is the ISO 639-3 language code for Bikol. There are eight individual language codes assigned:

1. bcl – Central Bicolano
2. bto – Iriga Bicolano
3. cts – Northern Catanduanes Bicolano
4. bln – Southern Catanduanes Bicolano
5. fbl – West Albay Bikol
6. lbl – Libon Bikol
7. rbl – Miraya Bikol
8. ubl – Buhi'non Bikol

bnc

bnc is the ISO 639-3 language code for Bontok. There are five individual language codes assigned:

1. ebk – Eastern Bontok
2. lbk – Central Bontok
3. obk – Southern Bontok
4. rbk – Northern Bontok
5. vbk – Southwestern Bontok

bua

bua is the ISO 639-3 language code for Buriat. There are three individual language codes assigned:

1. bxu – China Buriat
2. bxm – Mongolia Buriat
3. bxr – Russia Buriat

chm

chm is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mari, a language located in Russia. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. mhr – Eastern Mari
2. mrj – Western Mari

cre

cre is the ISO 639-3 language code for Cree. Its ISO 639-1 code is cr. There are six individual language codes assigned:

1. crm – Moose Cree
2. crl – Northern East Cree
3. crk – Plains Cree
4. crj – Southern East Cree
5. csw – Swampy Cree
6. cwd – Woods Cree

In addition, there are six closely associated individual codes.

1. nsk – Naskapi (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
2. moe – Montagnais (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
3. atj – Atikamekw (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
4. crg – Michif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
5. ojs – Ojibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern) (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)
6. ojw – Ojibwa, Western (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

In addition, there is 1 other language without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

1. Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)

del

del is the ISO 639-3 language code for Delaware. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. umu – Munsee
2. unm – Unami

den

den is the ISO 639-3 language code for Slave. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. scs – North Slavey
2. xsl – South Slavey

din

din is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dinka. There are five individual language codes assigned:

1. dip – Northeastern Dinka
2. diw – Northwestern Dinka
3. dib – South Central Dinka
4. dks – Southeastern Dinka
5. dik – Southwestern Dinka

doi

doi is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dogri. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. dgo – Dogri (individual language)
2. xnr – Kangri

est

est is the ISO 639-3 language code for Estonian. Its ISO 639-1 code is et. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. ekk – Estonian (Standard Estonian)
2. vro – Võro

faa–jzz

fas

fas is the ISO 639-3 language code for Persian. Its ISO 639-1 code is fa. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. prs – Dari Persian
2. pes – Western Persian

ful

ful is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for Fulah (also spelled Fula). Its ISO 639-1 code is ff. There are nine individual language codes assigned for varieties of Fulah:

1. fub – Adamawa Fulfulde
2. fui – Bagirmi Fulfulde
3. fue – Borgu Fulfulde
4. fuq – Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde
5. ffm – Maasina Fulfulde
6. fuv – Nigerian Fulfulde
7. fuc – Pulaar
8. fuf – Pular
9. fuh – Western Niger Fulfulde

gba

gba is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gbaya located in the Central African Republic. There are six to seven individual language codes assigned:

1. bdt – Bokoto
2. gbp – Gbaya-Bossangoa
3. gbq – Gbaya-Bozoum
4. gmm – Gbaya-Mbodomo
5. gya – Northwest Gbaya
6. mdo – Southwest Gbaya (Retired 2008-01-14)
7. gso – Southwest Gbaya

gon

gon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gondi. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. gno – Northern Gondi
2. ggo – Southern Gondi

grb

grb is the ISO 639-3 language code for Grebo. There are five individual language codes assigned:

1. gry – Barclayville Grebo
2. grv – Central Grebo
3. gec – Gboloo Grebo
4. gbo – Northern Grebo
5. grj – Southern Grebo

grn

grn is the ISO 639-3 language code for Guarani. Its ISO 639-1 code is gn. There are five individual language codes assigned:

1. nhd – Chiripá
2. gui – Eastern Bolivian Guaraní
3. gun – Mbyá Guaraní
4. gug – Paraguayan Guaraní
5. gnw – Western Bolivian Guaraní

hai

hai is the ISO 639-3 language code for Haida. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. hdn – Northern Haida
2. hax – Southern Haida

hbs

hbs is the ISO 639-3 language code for Serbo-Croatian. There are three individual language codes assigned:

1. bos – Bosnian
2. hrv – Croatian
3. srp – Serbian

hmn

hmn is the ISO 639-3 language code for Hmong. As of February 2007, 24 individual language codes are included:

1. hmc – Central Huishui Hmong
2. hmm – Central Mashan Hmong
3. cqd – Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao
4. hme – Eastern Huishui Hmong
5. hmq – Eastern Qiandong Hmong
6. muq – Eastern Xiangxi Hmong
7. hmj – Gejia
8. mww – Hmong Daw
9. hnj – Hmong Njua
10. hrm – Horned Miao
11. hmd – Large Flowery Miao
12. hml – Luopohe Hmong
13. huj – Northern Guiyang Hmong
14. hmi – Northern Huishui Hmong
15. hmp – Northern Mashan Hmong
16. hea – Northern Qiandong Miao
17. sfm – Small Flowery Miao
18. hmy – Southern Guiyang Hmong
19. hma – Southern Mashan Hmong
20. hms – Southern Qiandong Miao
21. hmg – Southwestern Guiyang Hmong
22. hmh – Southwestern Huishui Hmong
23. hmw – Western Mashan Hmong
24. mmr – Western Xiangxi Miao

iku

iku is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inuktitut. Its ISO 639-1 code is iu. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. ike – Eastern Canadian Inuktitut
2. ikt – Western Canadian Inuktitut

ipk

ipk is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inupiaq. Its ISO 639-1 code is ik. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. esi – North Alaskan Inupiatun
2. esk – Northwest Alaska Inupiatun

jrb

jrb is the ISO 639-3 language code for Judeo-Arabic. There are five individual language codes assigned:

1. yhd – Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
2. aju – Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
3. yud – Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic
4. ajt – Judeo-Tunisian Arabic
5. jye – Judeo-Yemeni Arabic

kaa–ozz

kau

kau is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for the Kanuri language. Its ISO 639-1 code is kr. There are three individual language codes assigned in ISO 639-3 for varieties of Kanuri:

1. knc – Central Kanuri
2. kby – Manga Kanuri
3. krt – Tumari Kanuri

There are 2 other related languages that are not considered part of the macrolanguage under ISO 639:

1. bms – Bilma Kanuri
2. kbl – Kanembu

kln

kln is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kalenjin language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are nine individual language codes assigned:

1. eyo – Keiyo
2. sgc – Kipsigis
3. enb – Markweeta
4. niq – Nandi
5. oki – Okiek
6. pko – Pökoot
7. spy – Sabaot
8. tec – Terik
9. tuy – Tugen

kok

kok is the ISO 639-3 language code for Konkani macrolanguage. There are two individual language codes assigned.

1. gom – Goan Konkani (has official recognition as an independent language)
2. knn – Maharashtrian Konkani (no official recognition, treated by some linguists as a dialect of Marathi)

Both languages are referred to as Konkani by their respective speakers.

kom

kom is the ISO 639-3 language code for Komi. Its ISO 639-1 code is kv. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. koi – Komi-Permyak
2. kpv – Komi-Zyrian

kon

kon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kongo. Its ISO 639-1 code is kg. There are three individual language codes assigned:

1. kng – Koongo
2. ldi – Laari
3. kwy – San Salvador Kongo

kpe

kpe is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kpelle language. There are two individual language codes assigned.

1. gkp – Guinea Kpelle
2. xpe – Liberia Kpelle

kur

kur is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kurdish. Its ISO 639-1 code is ku. There are three individual language codes assigned:

1. ckb – Central Kurdish
2. kmr – Northern Kurdish
3. sdh – Southern Kurdish

lah

lah is the ISO 639-3 language code for Lahnda language. There are eight individual language codes assigned.

1. jat – Jakati
2. xhe – Khetrani
3. pmu – Mirpur Panjabi
4. hno – Northern Hindko
5. phr – Pahari-Potwari
6. skr – Saraiki
7. hnd – Southern Hindko
8. pnb – Western Panjabi

Note that lah does not include Panjabi/Punjabi (pan).

lav

lav is the ISO 639-3 language code for Latvian. Its ISO 639-1 code is lv. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. ltg – Latgalian
2. lvs – Standard Latvian

luy

luy is the ISO 639-3 language code for Luhya language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are 14 individual language codes assigned:

1. bxk – Bukusu
2. nle – East Nyala
3. ida – Idakho (Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki)
4. lkb – Kabras
5. lko – Khayo
6. lks – Kisa
7. rag – Logooli
8. lri – Marachi
9. lrm – Marama
10. nyd – Nyore
11. lsm – Saamia
12. lts – Tachoni
13. lto – Tsotso
14. lwg – Wanga

man

man is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mandingo language. There are seven individual language codes assigned.

1. emk – Eastern Maninkakan
2. myq – Forest Maninka
3. mwk – Kita Maninkakan
4. mku – Konyanka Maninka
5. mnk – Mandinka
6. msc – Sankaran Maninka
7. mlq – Western Maninkakan

mlg

mlg is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malagasy. Its ISO 639-1 code is mg. There are eleven to twelve individual language codes assigned:

1. xmv – Antankarana Malagasy
2. bhr – Bara Malagasy
3. msh – Masikoro Malagasy
4. bmm – Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
5. plt – Plateau Malagasy
6. skg – Sakalava Malagasy
7. bjq – Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy (Retired 2011-05-18)
8. bzc – Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy
9. tkg – Tesaka Malagasy
10. tdx – Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy
11. txy – Tanosy Malagasy
12. xmw – Tsimihety Malagasy

mon

mon is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mongolian. Its ISO 639-1 code is mn. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. khk – Halh Mongolian
2. mvf – Peripheral Mongolian

msa

msa is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malay. Its ISO 639-1 code is ms. There are 13 individual language codes assigned:

1. btj – Bacanese Malay
2. bve – Berau Malay
3. bvu – Bukit Malay
4. coa – Cocos Islands Malay
5. jax – Jambi Malay
6. meo – Kedah Malay
7. mqg – Kota Bangun Kutai Malay
8. mly – Malay (specific)
9. xmm – Manado Malay
10. max – North Moluccan Malay
11. mfa – Pattani Malay
12. msi – Sabah Malay
13. vkt – Tenggarong Kutai Malay

mwr

mwr is the ISO 639-3 language code for Marwari language. There are six individual language codes assigned.

1. dhd – Dhundari
2. rwr – Marwari (India)
3. mve – Marwari (Pakistan)
4. wry – Merwari
5. mtr – Mewari
6. swv – Shekhawati

nor

nor is the ISO 639-3 language code for Norwegian. Its ISO 639-1 code is no. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. nob – Norwegian Bokmål
2. nno – Norwegian Nynorsk

oji

Further information: Anishinaabe language dialects

oji is the ISO 639-3 language code for the Anishinaabe languages, commonly called the Ojibwe language group. Its ISO 639-1 code is oj. There are seven individual language codes assigned:

1. ciw – Chippewa (Ojibwa, Southwestern)
2. ojb – Ojibwa, Northwestern
3. ojc – Ojibwa, Central
4. ojg – Ojibwa, Mississaga (Ojibwa, Eastern)
5. ojs – Ojibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern)
6. ojw – Ojibwa, Western
7. otw – Ottawa

In addition, there are three closely associated individual codes.

1. alq – Algonquin language (part of the Ojibwe language group but not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)
2. pot – Potawatomi language (formerly part of the Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)
3. crg – Michif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)

In addition, there are two other languages without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

1. Broken Ojibwa (pidgin language used until the end of the 19th century)
2. Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)

orm

orm is the ISO 639-3 language code for Oromo language. Its ISO 639-1 code is om. There are four individual language codes assigned:

1. gax – Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo
2. hae – Eastern Oromo
3. orc – Orma
4. gaz – West Central Oromo

paa–zzz

pus

pus is the ISO 639-3 language code for Pushto language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ps. There are three individual language codes assigned.

1. pst – Central Pashto
2. pbu – Northern Pashto
3. pbt – Southern Pashto

que

que is the ISO 639-3 language code for Quechua languages. Its ISO 639-1 code is qu. As of April 2007 there are 44 individual language codes assigned for Quechua varieties.

1. qva – Ambo-Pasco Quechua
2. qxu – Arequipa-La Unión Quechua
3. quy – Ayacucho Quechua
4. qvc – Cajamarca Quechua
5. qvl – Cajatambo North Lima Quechua
6. qud – Calderón Highland Quichua
7. qxr – Cañar Highland Quichua
8. quk – Chachapoyas Quechua
9. cqu – Chilean Quechua
10. qug – Chimborazo Highland Quichua
11. qxc – Chincha Quechua
12. qxa – Chiquián Ancash Quechua
13. qwc – Classical Quechua
14. qwa – Corongo Ancash Quechua
15. quz – Cusco Quechua
16. qve – Eastern Apurímac Quechua
17. qub – Huallaga Huánuco Quechua
18. qvh – Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua
19. qwh – Huaylas Ancash Quechua
20. qvw – Huaylla Wanca Quechua
21. qvi – Imbabura Highland Quichua
22. qxw – Jauja Wanca Quechua
23. quf – Lambayeque Quechua
24. qvj – Loja Highland Quichua
25. qvm – Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua
26. qvo – Napo Lowland Quechua
27. qul – North Bolivian Quechua
28. qvn – North Junín Quechua
29. qxn – Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua
30. qvz – Northern Pastaza Quechua
31. qvp – Pacaraos Quechua
32. qxh – Panao Huánuco Quechua
33. qxp – Puno Quechua
34. qxl – Salasaca Highland Quichua
35. qvs – San Martín Quechua
36. qxt – Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua
37. qus – Santiago del Estero Quichua
38. qws – Sihuas Ancash Quechua
39. quh – South Bolivian Quechua
40. qxo – Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua
41. qup – Southern Pastaza Quechua
42. quw – Tena Lowland Quichua
43. qur – Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua
44. qux – Yauyos Quechua

raj

raj is the ISO 639-3 language code for Rajasthani language. There are six individual language codes assigned.

1. bgq – Bagri
2. gda – Gade Lohar
3. gju – Gujari
4. hoj – Hadothi
5. mup – Malvi
6. wbr – Wagdi

rom

rom is the ISO 639-3 language code for Romany language. There are seven individual language codes assigned.

1. rmn – Balkan Romani
2. rml – Baltic Romani
3. rmc – Carpathian Romani
4. rmf – Kalo Finnish Romani
5. rmo – Sinte Romani
6. rmy – Vlax Romani
7. rmw – Welsh Romani

In addition, there are eight individual codes not part of this macrolanguage but they are categorized as mixed languages.

1. rge – Romano-Greek
2. rmd – Traveller Danish
3. rme – Angloromani
4. rmg – Traveller Norwegian
5. rmi – Lomavren
6. rmr – Caló
7. rmu – Tavringer Romani
8. rsb – Romano-Serbian

In addition, there is a language without an individual code assigned, which it is not part of this macrolanguage.

1. Erromintxela (Basque-Romani mix)

sqi

sqi is the ISO 639-3 language code for Albanian. Its ISO 639-1 code is sq. As of June 2006 there are four individual language codes assigned for Albanian languages:

1. aae – Arbëreshë Albanian
2. aat – Arvanitika Albanian
3. aln – Gheg Albanian
4. als – Tosk Albanian

srd

srd is the ISO 639-3 language code for Sardinian language. Its ISO 639-1 code is sc. There are four individual language codes assigned.

1. sro – Campidanese
2. sdn – Gallurese
3. src – Logudorese
4. sdc – Sassarese

swa

swa is the ISO 639-3 language code for Swahili. Its ISO 639-1 code is sw. There are two individual language codes assigned:

1. swc – Congo Swahili
2. swh – Swahili

syr

syr is the ISO 639-3 language code for Syriac language. There are two individual language codes assigned.

1. aii – Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
2. cld – Chaldean Neo-Aramaic

tmh

tmh is the ISO 639-3 language code for Tamashek language. There are four individual language codes assigned.

1. thv – Tahaggart Tamahaq
2. taq – Tamasheq
3. ttq – Tawallammat Tamajaq
4. thz – Tayart Tamajeq

uzb

uzb is the ISO 639-3 language code for Uzbek language. Its ISO 639-1 code is uz. There are two individual language codes assigned.

1. uzn – Northern Uzbek language
2. uzs – Southern Uzbek language

yid

yid is the ISO 639-3 language code for Yiddish language. Its ISO 639-1 code is yi. There are two individual language codes assigned.

1. ydd – Eastern Yiddish
2. yih – Western Yiddish

zap

zap is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zapotec language. There are 57 individual language codes assigned.

1. zaq – Aloápam Zapotec
2. zpo – Amatlán Zapotec
3. zoo – Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec
4. zaf – Ayoquesco Zapotec
5. zad – Cajonos Zapotec
6. zpv – Chichicapan Zapotec
7. zpc – Choapan Zapotec
8. zca – Coatecas Altas Zapotec
9. zps – Coatlán Zapotec
10. zpp – El Alto Zapotec
11. zte – Elotepec Zapotec
12. zpg – Guevea de Humboldt Zapotec
13. ztu – Güilá Zapotec
14. zai – Isthmus Zapotec
15. zpa – Lachiguiri Zapotec
16. zpl – Lachixío Zapotec
17. ztl – Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec
18. ztp – Loxicha Zapotec
19. zpy – Mazaltepec Zapotec
20. zam – Miahuatlán Zapotec
21. zaw – Mitla Zapotec
22. zpm – Mixtepec Zapotec
23. zac – Ocotlán Zapotec
24. zao – Ozolotepec Zapotec
25. zpe – Petapa Zapotec
26. zpj – Quiavicuzas Zapotec
27. ztq – Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec
28. zar – Rincón Zapotec
29. ztm – San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec
30. zpx – San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec
31. zab – San Juan Guelavía Zapotec
32. zpf – San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec
33. zpt – San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec
34. ztn – Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec
35. zpn – Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec
36. zpi – Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec
37. zpr – Santiago Xanica Zapotec
38. zas – Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec
39. zaa – Sierra de Juárez Zapotec
40. zpd – Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec
41. zsr – Southern Rincon Zapotec
42. zat – Tabaa Zapotec
43. ztt – Tejalapan Zapotec
44. zpz – Texmelucan Zapotec
45. zts – Tilquiapan Zapotec
46. zpk – Tlacolulita Zapotec
47. zph – Totomachapan Zapotec
48. zax – Xadani Zapotec
49. ztg – Xanaguía Zapotec
50. zpu – Yalálag Zapotec
51. zae – Yareni Zapotec
52. zty – Yatee Zapotec
53. zav – Yatzachi Zapotec
54. zpb – Yautepec Zapotec
55. ztx – Zaachila Zapotec
56. zpw – Zaniza Zapotec
57. zpq – Zoogocho Zapotec

In addition, there is an individual code not part of this macrolanguage because it is categorized as a historical language.

1. xzp – Ancient Zapotec

zha

zha is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zhuang languages. Its ISO 639-1 code is za. There are 16 individual language codes assigned.

1. zch – Central Hongshuihe Zhuang
2. zhd – Dai Zhuang
3. zeh – Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang
4. zgb – Guibei Zhuang
5. zgn – Guibian Zhuang
6. zln – Lianshan Zhuang
7. zlj – Liujiang Zhuang
8. zlq – Liuqian Zhuang
9. zgm – Minz Zhuang
10. zhn – Nong Zhuang
11. zqe – Qiubei Zhuang
12. zyg – Yang Zhuang
13. zyb – Yongbei Zhuang
14. zyn – Yongnan Zhuang
15. zyj – Youjiang Zhuang
16. zzj – Zuojiang Zhuang

zho

Further information: List of varieties of Chinese and Varieties of Chinese

zho is the ISO 639-3 language code for Chinese. Its ISO 639-1 code is zh. There are 13 individual language codes assigned, some with their own dialects:

1. cdo – Min Dong
   • (standardized form: Fuzhou dialect)
2. cjy – Jin
3. cmn – Mandarin
   • Standard Chinese
   • Beijing dialect
4. cpx – Puxian Min
5. czh – Huizhou
6. czo – Min Zhong
7. gan – Gan
8. hak – Hakka
9. hsn – Xiang
10. mnp – Min Bei
11. nan – Min Nan
    • Hokkien
      • Amoy
        • Quanzhou
        • Zhangzhou
        • Taiwanese
        • Penang Hokkien
        • Medan Hokkien
    • Chaoshan
      • Teochew
      • Swatow
    • Qiongwen
12. wuu – Wu
13. yue – Yue (Cantonese)
    • Guangzhou dialect
    • Taishan dialect

Although the Dungan language (dng) is considered most closely related to Mandarin, it is not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 due to separate historical and cultural development.

ISO 639 also lists codes for Old Chinese (och), Late Middle Chinese (ltc), and Classical Chinese (lzh). They are not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 because they are categorized as ancient and historical languages, respectively.

zza

zza is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zaza language. There are two individual language codes assigned.

1. diq – Dimli
2. kiu – Kirmanjki

See also

• Microlanguage

External links

• ISO 639-3 Macrolanguage Mappings