Puadh
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Puadh (IAST: [puādha], sometimes anglicized as Poadh or Powadh) is a historic region in north India that comprises parts of present-day Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and the U.T. of Chandigarh, India. It has the Sutlej river in its north and covers the regions immediately south of the Ghaggar river. The people of the area are known as Puadhi and speak the Puadhi dialect of Punjabi.
Etymology
The word Puadh is a conjugation of two words of the language: pūrava meaning eastern and āddha meaning half.[1] The term refers to the eastern half of the Punjab region.
Extent
Puadh generally lies between the Sutlej and Ghaggar-Hakra rivers and south, south-east and east of Rupnagar district adjacent to Ambala district (in Haryana).[2]
Punjab
In Punjab:
- Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar District: Kurali, Mohali, Kharar;[3]
- Rupnagar district; Ropar; and Chamkaur Sahib;
- Fategarh Sahib district: Amloh, Morinda,[4] and Sirhind;[5]
- Ludhiana district: Pail[6] Doraha, [note 1] and Samrala;
- Patiala district: Rajpura and western part of Patiala district[8] including Patiala city.[9]
- Sangrur district: Malerkotla and other eastern parts of sangrur.[10]
Haryana
In Haryana, Pinjore,[11] Panchkula, Naraingarh, Kalka, Ambala and Yamunanagar districts fall within Puadh. Other areas include Jagadhri, Kalesar, Pehowa, Gulha teshil[12] of Kaithal district and Fatehabad district.
Uttar Pradesh
In the state of Uttar Pradesh it is spoken mainly in the Northern districts which border North Haryana districts and South Himachal Pradesh district. The districts where it is spoken are-
- Badshahibagh
- Behat
- Saharanpur
- Gangoh
- Deoband
Himachal Pradesh
Nalagarh,[13] Baddi, Mahlog[14] (Solan district)[15] and Kala Amb[16] (Sirmaur district) in Himachal Pradesh lies in the east of Puadh, which separates the states of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana.
Chandigarh
Chandigarh falls within the Puadh region.[17]
Gallery
-
Sarai Lashkari (Doraha) -
Guru Gobind Singh Bhawan. Punjabi University, Patiala -
Statues made of waste Bangles at Rock Garden, Chandigarh -
Morni Hills and Tikkar Taal, Haryana -
Thaan (shrine) in Dera village Bakarpur, Mohali -
Stupa Base, Sanghol (Fategarh Sahib district) -
Ruins of Indus Valley Civilization, Punjab (Rupnagar) -
Tomb of Shagird village Talania Sirhind -
Fatehgarh Sahib Gurdwara, Punjab, India -
SD College, Ambala -
Mandir in Pehowa, Haryana -
Kalka–Shimla Railway -
NSMK Institute of Advanced Studies, Malerkotla -
View of city from the Palace Nalagarh Princely State
Culture
Puadh is often wrongly included in Malwa by the media.[18] The region had its own poets even at Akbar's court such as Mai Banno of Banur. More recent poets include Bhagat Asa Ram Baidwan of Sohana. The Dhadd Sarangi and Kavishri singing originated in Puadh and also different types of Akharas such as that of Rabbi Bhaironpuri. Puadh consists only a small quantity of Punjab. The Majha, Malwa, and Doaba make up majority of the Punjab.
Puadhi language
The dialect of the Punjabi language spoken in Puadh is called Puadhi. The language is a mixture of Punjabi and Haryanvi. It is spoken by the people of Chandigarh, Baltana, Zirakpur, Rajpura, Ghanaur, and Devigarh region of Patiala district, Banur region, villages of Mohali, and some region of Ropar district in Punjab, whereas in Haryana in villages of Ambala and Panchkula district people speak this language. Also, the region of Ismailabad and Shahbad of Kurukshetra speak this language, also a tehsil of Sadhaura of Yamunanagar district.
See also
Notes
References
- ^ The Tribune (05.11.2006) PUNJABI REVIEW Of Puadh and Pablo Neruda Surinder Singh Tej Puadh Darpan Edited by Manmohan Singh Daon Punjabi Sath-Panj Nad Parkashan, Lambra (Jalandhar) [1]
- ^ "Powadh or Puadh or Powadha is a region of Punjab and parts of Haryana between the Satluj and Ghaggar rivers. The part lying south, south-east and east of Rupnagar adjacent to Ambala District (Haryana) is Powadhi".
- ^ Farmers of India, Volume 1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research
- ^ Transactions of the Institute of Indian Geographers, Volume 19 (1997) Department of Geography, University of Poona [2]
- ^ Punjab District Gazetteers, Part 1 (1919)
- ^ Proceedings, Volume 23. (1990) Punjabi University
- ^ Punjab district gazetteers, Volume 1 (1970)
- ^ Sukhawindara Siṅgha Saṅghā , (2006) Indian Institute of Language Studies Panjabi Phonology: A Sociolinguistic Study [3]
- ^ Banarsi Das Jain (1934) A Phonology of Panjābī: As Spoken about Ludhiana, and A Ludhiānī Phonetic Reader. University of Punjab [4]
- ^ Census of India, 1981: District census handbook. A & B, Village & town directory ; Village & townwise primary census abstract [5]
- ^ Gajrana, S. (1994) Peasants, landlords, and princes, 1920-56, Volume 1. Rima Pub. House,[6]
- ^ Singh, Jasbir (1976) An Agricultural Geography of Haryana. Vishal publications [7]
- ^ Link, Volume 8, Issues 1-25. United India Periodicals, 1965
- ^ Census of India, 1961: Himachal Pradesh
- ^ Minakshi Chaudhry (2007)Destination Himachal: Over 132 Offbeat and 12 Popular Getaways. Rupa and Co. [8]
- ^ Spectrum (05.11.2006( PUNJABI REVIEW Of Puadh and Pablo Neruda Surinder Singh Tej [9]
- ^ Pakha Sanjam, Volume 14 (1981) Punjabi University
- ^ "Major Punjabi Dialects".
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