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The '''Olympic torch relay''' is the ceremonial relaying of the [[Olympic Flame]] from [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]], Greece, to the site of an [[Olympic Games]]. It was first performed at the 1936 Berlin Games,<ref>Bowlby, Chris. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7330949.stm "The Olympic torch's shadowy past"], ''[[BBC News]]'', 2008-03-05. Retrieved on 2009-10-21.</ref> and has taken place prior to every Games since. |
The '''Olympic torch relay''' is the ceremonial relaying of the [[Olympic Flame]] from [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]], Greece, to the site of an [[Olympic Games]]. It was first performed at the 1936 Berlin Games,<ref>Bowlby, Chris. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7330949.stm "The Olympic torch's shadowy past"], ''[[BBC News]]'', 2008-03-05. Retrieved on 2009-10-21.</ref> and has taken place prior to every Games since. |
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Revision as of 15:21, 12 February 2014
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HELLO WORLD
The Olympic torch relay is the ceremonial relaying of the Olympic Flame from Olympia, Greece, to the site of an Olympic Games. It was first performed at the 1936 Berlin Games,[1] and has taken place prior to every Games since.
Summer Olympic Games
This section needs additional citations for verification. (October 2008) |
Site of the Olympic Games | Days | Total length (in km) | Total number of torchbearers | Route |
---|---|---|---|---|
Berlin 1936 | 8 | 3,422 | 3,422 | Olympia – Athens – Thessaloniki (Greece) – Sofia (Bulgaria) – Belgrade (Yugoslavia) – Budapest (Hungary) – Vienna (Austria) – Prague (Czechoslovakia) – Dresden – Berlin (Germany)
Two secondary relays carried the flame from Olympic Stadium in Berlin to the off-site aquatic venues: Grunau (for the rowing course), and Kiel (yachting). The cauldron in Kiel sat in an old Hanseatic galley in the bay. Kiel would also be the yachting site of the 1972 Munich Olympics.[2] |
Cancelled 1940 Games | ||||
Cancelled 1944 Games | ||||
London 1948 | 13 | 7,870 | 3,372 | Olympia – Corfu (Greece) (by ship) Bari – Milan (Italy) – Lausanne – Geneva (Switzerland) – Besançon – Metz (France) – Luxembourg (Luxembourg) – Brussels (Belgium) – Lille – Calais (France) (by ship)– Dover – London (Great Britain)
A second relay carried the flame from Wembley, where the Games were based, to the sailing centre at Torbay, via Slough, Basingstoke, Salisbury, and Exeter. |
Helsinki 1952 | 20 | 3,365 | 1,416 | Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Aalborg - Odense - Copenhagen (Denmark) (by ship) Malmö - Gothenburg - Stockholm (Sweden) Tornio - Oulu - Helsinki (Finland). A second flame was lit in Pallastunturi (Finland) and joined the main one in Tornio |
Melbourne 1956 | 21 | 20,470 | 3,118 | Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Darwin - Brisbane - Sydney - Canberra - Melbourne (Australia) |
Stockholm 1956 (equestrian Games) |
9 | 1,000 | 490 | Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Copenhagen (Denmark) (by ship) Malmö - Stockholm (Sweden) |
Rome 1960 | 14 | 2,750 | 1,529 | Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by ship) Syracuse - Catania - Messina - Reggio Calabria - Naples - Rome (Italy) |
Tokyo 1964 | 51 | 20,065 | 870 | Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Istanbul (Turkey) - Beirut (Lebanon) - Tehran (Iran) - Lahore (Pakistan) - New Delhi (India) - Rangoon (Burma) - Bangkok (Thailand) - Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) - Manila (Philippines) - Hong Kong (Hong Kong) - Taipei (Republic of China) - Okinawa - Tokyo (Japan, following four different routes) |
Mexico City 1968 | 51 | 13,620 | 2,778 | Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by ship) Genoa (Italy) (by ship) Barcelona - Madrid - Seville - Palos (by ship) Las Palmas (Spain) - San Salvador Island (Bahamas) - Veracruz - Mexico City (Mexico) |
Munich 1972 | 30 | 5,532 | 6,000 | Olympia - Athens - Thessaloniki (Greece) - Istanbul (Turkey) - Varna (Bulgaria) - Bucharest - Timişoara (Romania) - Belgrade (Yugoslavia) - Budapest (Hungary) - Vienna - Linz - Salzburg - Innsbruck (Austria) - Garmisch-Partenkirchen - Munich (West Germany) |
Montreal 1976 | 5 | 775 | 1,214 | Olympia - Athens (Greece) (satellite transmission of an electronic pulse) Ottawa - Montreal (Canada) |
Moscow 1980 | 31 | 4,915 | 5,000 | Olympia - Athens - Thessaloniki (Greece) - Sofia (Bulgaria) - Bucharest (Romania) - Kishinev - Kiev - Tula - Moscow (USSR) |
Los Angeles 1984 | 83 | 15,000 | 3,636 | Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) New York – Boston – Philadelphia – Washington – Detroit – Chicago – Indianapolis – Atlanta – St. Louis – Dallas – Denver – Salt Lake City – Seattle – San Francisco – San Diego - Los Angeles (USA) |
Seoul 1988 | 26 | 15,250 | 1,467 | Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Jeju - Pusan - Seoul (South Korea) |
Barcelona 1992 | 51 | 6,307 | 10,448 | Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by ship) Empúries - Bilbao - La Coruña - Madrid - Seville (by airplane) Las Palmas - Málaga - Valencia (by ship) Palma de Mallorca – Barcelona (Spain) |
Atlanta 1996 | 112 | 29,016 | 13,267 | Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Los Angeles – Las Vegas – San Francisco – Seattle – Salt Lake City – Denver – Dallas – St. Louis – Minneapolis – Chicago – Detroit - Boston – New York – Philadelphia – Washington, D.C. – Miami – Birmingham - Atlanta (USA) |
Sydney 2000 | 127 | 27,000 | 13,300 | Olympia - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Guam - Palau - Federated States of Micronesia - Nauru - Solomon Islands -Papua New Guinea - Vanuatu - Samoa - American Samoa - Cook Islands - Tonga - Queenstown - Christchurch - Wellington - Rotorua - Auckland (New Zealand) - Uluru - Brisbane - Darwin - Perth - Adelaide - Melbourne - Canberra - Sydney (Australia) |
Athens 2004 | 142 | 86,000 | 11,360 | Olympia - tour of all Greece - Marathonas - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Sydney - Melbourne (Australia) - Tokyo (Japan) - Seoul (South Korea) - Beijing (People's Republic of China) - Delhi (India) - Cairo (Egypt) - Cape Town (South Africa) - Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) - Mexico City (Mexico) - Los Angeles - St. Louis - Atlanta - New York (USA) - Montreal (Canada) - Antwerp - Brussels (Belgium) - Amsterdam (Netherlands) - Lausanne - Geneva (Switzerland) - Paris (France) - London (Great Britain) - Madrid - Barcelona (Spain) - Rome (Italy) - Munich - Berlin (Germany) - Stockholm (Sweden) - Helsinki (Finland) - Moscow (Russia) - Kiev (Ukraine) - Istanbul (Turkey) - Sofia (Bulgaria) - Nicosia (Cyprus) - Iraklion - Thessaloniki - Patras - Athens (Greece) |
Beijing 2008 | 130 | 137,000 | 21,880 | Olympia - Marathonas - Athens (Greece) (by airplane) Beijing (People's Republic of China) (by airplane) Almaty (Kazakhstan) (by airplane) Istanbul (Turkey) (by airplane) St. Petersburg (Russia) (by airplane) London (Great Britain) – Paris (by airplane) San Francisco (USA) (by airplane) Buenos Aires (Argentina) (by airplane) Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) – Muscat (Oman) – Islamabad (Pakistan) – Mumbai (India) – Bangkok (Thailand) – Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) – Jakarta (Indonesia) – Canberra (Australia) – Nagano (Japan) – Seoul (South Korea) – Pyongyang (North Korea) – Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) - Hong Kong (Hong Kong, China) – Macau (Macau, China) – Sanya - Wuzhishan - Wanning - Haikou - Guangzhou - Shenzhen - Huizhou - Shantou - Fuzhou - Quanzhou - Xiamen - Longyan - Ruijin - Jinggangshan - Nanchang - Wenzhou - Ningbo - Hangzhou - Shaoxing - Jiaxing - Shanghai - Suzhou - Nantong - Taizhou - Yangzhou - Nanjing - Hefei - Huainan - Wuhu - Jixi - Huangshan - Wuhan - Yichang - Jingzhou - Yueyang - Changsha - Shaoshan - Guilin - Nanning - Baise - Kunming - Lijiang - Shangri-La County - Guiyang - Kaili - Zunyi - Chongqing - Guang'an - Mianyang - Guanghan - Lhasa - Golmud - Qinghai Hu - Xining - Ürümqi - Kashi - Shihezi - Changji - Dunhuang - Jiayuguan - Jiuquan - Tianshui - Lanzhou - Zhongwei - Wuzhong - Yinchuan - Yan'an - Yangling - Xianyang - Xi'an - Yuncheng - Pingyao - Taiyuan - Datong - Hohhot - Ordos - Baotou - Chifeng - Qiqihar - Daqing - Harbin - Songyuan - Changchun - Jilin - Yanji - Shenyang - Benxi - Liaoyang - Anshan - Dalian - Yantai - Weihai - Qingdao - Rizhao - Linyi - Qufu - Tai'an - Jinan - Shangqiu - Kaifeng - Zhengzhou - Luoyang - Anyang - Shijiazhuang - Qinhuangdao - Tangshan – Tianjin – Leshan - Zigong - Yibin - Chengdu - Shannan Prefecture - Beijing (People's Republic of China)
Sichuan route postponed to the end due to earthquake. [3] |
London 2012 | 70 | 12,800 | 8,000 | Greece: Olympia - Heraklion - Ioannina - Thessaloniki - Athens United Kingdom: Land's End - Plymouth - Torquay - Exeter - Barnstaple - Taunton - Glastonbury - Bath - Bristol - Gloucester - Worcester - Cardiff - Swansea - Aberystwyth - Bangor - Chester - Much Wenlock - Stoke-on-Trent - Liverpool Isle of Man: Douglas United Kingdom: Belfast - Derry - Newry Republic of Ireland: Dublin United Kingdom: Belfast - Stranraer - Glasgow - Inverness - Kirkwall - Lerwick - Stornoway - Inverness - Aberdeen - Dundee - St Andrews - Stirling - Edinburgh - Newcastle upon Tyne - Kingston upon Hull - York - Carlisle - Dumfries - Blackpool - Manchester - Leeds - Sheffield - Nottingham - Derby - Birmingham - Stratford-upon-Avon - Rugby - Coventry - Norwich - Ipswich - Cambridge - Stoke Mandeville - Oxford - Windsor - Ascot - Reading - Winchester - Salisbury - Shaftesbury - Bournemouth - Southampton Guernsey: Saint Peter Port Jersey: Saint Helier United Kingdom: Portsmouth - Chichester - Brighton - Hastings - Dover - Canterbury - London. |
Rio de Janeiro 2016 | - | - | - | Future |
Tokyo 2020 | - | - | - | Future |
Winter Olympic Games
This section needs additional citations for verification. (October 2008) |
- ^ a b c d For the 1994 Lillehammer Games, the flame for the national torch relay was lit at Sondre Norheim's birthplace in Morgedal, where the official 1952 & 1960 flames were lit in the same manner. The original plan to merge it with the official Olympia flame at Oslo was abandoned due to Greek opposition; only the official flame was used in the opening ceremony. All statistics are for the national torch relay only. The Morgedal flame was maintained and later used at the 1994 Winter Paralympics.
Youth Summer Olympic Games
Site of the Olympic Games | Days | Total length (in km) | Total number of torchbearers | Route |
---|---|---|---|---|
Singapore 2010 | 22 | 26,700+ | 2,400+ | Olympia, (Greece) – Berlin (Germany) - Dakar (Senegal) - Mexico City (Mexico) - Auckland (New Zealand) - Seoul (South Korea) - Singapore |
Nanjing 2014 | - | - | - | Future |
Buenos Aires 2018 | - | - | - | Future |
Youth Winter Olympic Games
Site of the Olympic Games | Days | Total length (in km) | Total number of torchbearers | Route |
---|---|---|---|---|
Innsbruck 2012 | 18 | 3,573 | 2,012 | Athens (Greece) - Innsbruck - Bregenz - St. Anton am Arlberg - Lienz - Klagenfurt - Semmering - Wien - Graz - Eisenstadt - St. Pölten - Linz - Salzburg - Schladming - Seefeld in Tirol - Kühtai - Kufstein - Innsbruck (Austria) |
Lillehammer 2016 | - | - | - | Future |
See also
References
- ^ Bowlby, Chris. "The Olympic torch's shadowy past", BBC News, 2008-03-05. Retrieved on 2009-10-21.
- ^ Official Report of the Berlin 1936 Olympiad
- ^ "Beijing Olympic Torch Relay Route unveiled". China Daily. 2007-04-26. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
- ^ http://torchrelay.beijing2008.cn/en/archives/pasttorches/n214038701.shtml
- ^ http://www.sondrenorheim.com/olympics/1994.htm
- ^ http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1994/E_BOOK3.PDF
- ^ "2002 Olympic Torch Relay Route". PR Newswire. Retrieved 24 November 2008.
- ^ "Provincial and territorial routes", Vancouver 2010 official site, listing the exact stops on the tour.