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List of tallest dams

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This is a list of the tallest dams in the world over 135 m (443 ft) in height. Currently, the tallest dam in the world is the Nurek Dam, an embankment dam in Tajikistan at 300 m (984 ft) high. The tallest arch dam is the recently completed 292 m (958 ft) high Xiaowan Dam in China. For gravity dams, the tallest is the 285 m (935 ft) high Grande Dixence Dam in Switzerland. When completed, a 335 m (1,099 ft) tall Rogun Dam also in Tajikistan could be the tallest, depending on the chosen design. Next in line is the 312 m (1,024 ft) Shuangjiangkou Dam currently under construction in China. Natural landslide dams are also quite competitive in height but not listed here. In particular, the highest natural dam, Usoi Dam, is higher than the highest existing man-made one.

The Nurek Dam in Tajikistan.
The Grande Dixence Dam in Switzerland.
The Inguri Dam in Georgia.
The Vajont Dam in Italy.
The Tehri Dam in India.
The Mica Dam in Canada.
The Sayano Shushenskaya Dam in Russia.
File:SrisailamDam01-India.jpg
The Srisailam Dam in India.
The Oroville Dam in the United States.
The El Cajón Dam in Honduras.
The Bhakra Dam in India.
The Luzzone Dam in Switzerland.
The Hoover Dam in the United States.
The Verzasca Dam in Switzerland.
The Mratinje Dam in Montenegro.

Existing

Name Height Type Country River
Nurek Dam 300 mTemplate:Smn Earthen embankment  Tajikistan Vakhsh
Xiaowan Dam 292 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch Template:CHINA Lancang
Grande Dixence Dam 285 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  Switzerland Dixence
Inguri Dam 271.5 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Georgia Inguri
Vajont Dam 261.6 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Italy Vajont
Manuel Moreno Torres (Chicoasén) Dam[1] 261 mTemplate:Smn Earthen embankment  Mexico Grijalva
Tehri Dam 261 mTemplate:Smn Earthen embankment  India Bhagirathi
Mauvoisin Dam[2] 250 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Switzerland Bagnes
Laxiwa Dam 250 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch Template:CHINA Huang He
Alberto Lleras (Guavio) Dam 250 mTemplate:Smn Embankment rock-fill  Colombia Guavio River
Deriner Dam 249 mTemplate:Smn Concrete Double-curved Arch  Turkey Çoruh River
Mica Dam 243 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth-fill  Canada Columbia
Sayano Shushenskaya Dam 242 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch-gravity  Russia Yenisei River
Ertan Dam 240 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch-gravity Template:CHINA Yalong River
La Esmeralda Dam 237m Embankment, rock-fill  Colombia Bata
Oroville Dam 235 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth-fill  United States Feather River
El Cajón Dam 234 mTemplate:Smn Concrete double-arch  Honduras Humuya River
Chirkey Dam[3] 232.5 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Russia Sulak River
Shuibuya Dam 233 mTemplate:Smn Concrete-face rock-fill Template:CHINA Qingjiang
Karun-4 Dam 230 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch-gravity  Iran Karun
Bhakra Dam[3] 226 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  India Satluj
Luzzone Dam[3] 225 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Switzerland Lago di Luzzone
Hoover Dam 221.46 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity arch  United States Colorado River
Contra Dam 220 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Switzerland Verzasca River
Mratinje Dam 220 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch-gravity  Montenegro Piva
Dworshak Dam 218.6 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  United States Clearwater River
Glen Canyon Dam 216.4 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch-gravity  United States Colorado
Longtan Dam 216.5 mTemplate:Smn Roller-compacted concrete gravity Template:CHINA Hongshui River
Toktogul Dam 215 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  Kyrgyzstan Naryn
Daniel-Johnson Dam 214 mTemplate:Smn Concrete multiple-arch gravity  Canada Manicouagan River
Keban Dam 210 mTemplate:Smn Earthen embankment  Turkey Euphrates River
Ermenek Dam 210m Concrete arch  Turkey Göksu
San Roque Dam 210 mTemplate:Smn Embankment  Philippines Agno River
Bakun Dam 205 mTemplate:Smn Concrete-face, rock-fill  Malaysia Balui River
Karun-3 Dam 205 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity arch  Iran Karun River
Zimapán Dam 203 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch-gravity  Mexico Moctezuma River
Dez Dam 203 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity arch  Iran Dez River
Almendra Dam 202 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Spain Tormes River
Campos Novos Dam 202 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, concrete-face rock-fill  Brazil Canoas River
Berke Dam 201 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch-gravity  Turkey Ceyhan River
Guangzhao Dam 200.5 mTemplate:Smn Gravity Template:CHINA Beipan River
Kölnbrein Dam 200 mTemplate:Smn Concrete double-arch gravity  Austria Streams in upper Malta
Shahid Abbaspour Dam (Karun 1) 200m Double arch concrete  Iran Karun River
New Bullards Bar Dam 196.6 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch-gravity  United States Yuba River
Itaipu Dam 196 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  Brazil /  Paraguay Paraná River
Altinkaya Dam[3] 195 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, rock-fill  Turkey Kizil Irmak
Kárahnjúkastífla Dam 193 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, concrete-face rock-fill  Iceland Jökulsá
New Melones Dam 190.5 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth/rock-fill  United States Stanislaus River
W.A.C. Bennett Dam 190.5 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth-fill  Canada Peace River
Miel 1 Dam 188 mTemplate:Smn Roller compacted-concrete gravity  Colombia Miel River
Aguamilpa Dam 187 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, concrete face rock-fill  Mexico Rio Grande de Santiago
Kurobe Dam 186 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch-gravity  Japan Kurobe River
Pubugou Dam 186 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, concrete face rock-fill Template:CHINA Yalong River
Zillergründl Dam 186 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Austria Ziller
Swift Dam 185.9 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth-fill  United States Lewis River
Sanbanxi Dam 185.6 mTemplate:Smn Concrete face rock-fill Template:CHINA Yuanshui River
Oymapinar Dam 185.5 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Turkey Manavgat River
Barra Grande Dam 185 mTemplate:Smn Concrete face rock-fill  Brazil Pelotas River
Katse dam 185 mTemplate:Smn Concrete double-arch  Lesotho Orange
Tekeze Dam 183 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  Ethiopia Tekeze River
Three Gorges Dam 181 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity Template:CHINA Yangtze River
Mossyrock Dam 184.7 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch-gravity  United States Cowlitz River
Atatürk Dam 184/169 mTemplate:Smn Earthen embankment  Turkey Euphrates River
Shasta Dam 183.5 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity arch  United States Sacramento River
Techi Dam (Deji, Tachian)[3] 181 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity-arch  Taiwan Dajia (Tachia)
Tignes[3] 180 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity-arch  France Lac du Chevril
Dartmouth Dam 180 mTemplate:Smn Earthen embankment  Australia Mitta Mitta River
Emosson Dam 180 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Switzerland Barberini
Amir Kabir Dam 180 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Iran Karaj
Piedra del Águila Dam 180 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  Argentina Rio Limay
Hongjiadu Dam 179.5 mTemplate:Smn Concrete-face rock-fill Template:CHINA Liuchong River
Longyangxia Dam 178 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity-arch Template:CHINA Huang He
Tianshengqiao Dam 178 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, concrete-face rock-fill Template:CHINA Nanpan River
El Cajón 178 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, concrete-face rock-fill  Mexico Rio Grande de Santiago
New Don Pedro Dam 178 mTemplate:Smn Earthen embankment  United States Tuolumne River
Takase Dam 176 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, rock-fill  Japan Shinano
Nader Shah 175 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  Iran Marun River
Hasan Ugurlu Dam[3] 175 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, rock-fill  Turkey Yesilirmak
Karakaya Dam 173m Concrete arch gravity  Turkey Euphrates
Alpe Gera Dam[4] 174 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  Italy Cormor
Revelstoke Dam 174 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  Canada Columbia River
Thissavros Dam 172 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, rock-fill  Greece Nestos
Hungry Horse Dam 171.9 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch-gravity  United States Flathead River
Cahora Bassa Dam 171 mTemplate:Smn Concrete, arch gravity  Mozambique Zambezi River
Denis-Perron Dam[5] 171 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, rock-fill  Canada Sainte-Marguerite River
Paute Dam 170 mTemplate:Smn Concrete, arch-gravity  Ecuador Paute River
Idukki Dam 168 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  India Periyar
Bruno Creek Tailings Dam 168 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, center-line tailings  United States Bruno Creek
Charvak Dam[3] 168 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth/rock-fill  Uzbekistan Chirchik
Guandi Dam 168 mTemplate:Smn Gravity Template:CHINA Yalong River
Gura Apei 168 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, rock-fill  Romania Raul Mare
Seven Oaks Dam 168 mTemplate:Smn Earthen embankment, rock-fill  United States Santa Ana River
Dongfeng Dam 168 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch Template:CHINA Wu
Grand Coulee Dam 167.6 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  United States Columbia River
Vidraru Dam 166 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Romania Arges
Marun Dam 165 mTemplate:Smn Embankment  Iran Marun River
Kremasta Dam 165 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth-fill  Greece Achelous River
Thomson Dam 165 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth-fill  Australia Thomson River
Wujiangdu Dam 165 mTemplate:Smn Arch-gravity Template:CHINA Wujiang River
Trinity Dam 164 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth-fill  United States Trinity River
Masjed-Soleyman 164m Rock-fill clay-core  Iran Karun
Sardar Sarovar Dam 163 m Concrete gravity  India Narmada
Guri Dam 162 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  Venezuela Río Caroní
Talbingo Dam 162 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth-fill  Australia Tumut River
Huites Dam 162m Concrete gravity arch  Mexico Fuerte
Robert-Bourassa Dam[6] 162m Embankment earth-fill  Canada La Grande River
Tankeng Dam 162 mTemplate:Smn Concrete face rock-fill Template:CHINA Ou River
Tokuyama Dam 161 mTemplate:Smn Embankment  Japan Ibi River
Foz do Areia Dam 160 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, concrete face rock-fill  Brazil Iguaçu
Grand'Maison Dam 160 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, rock-fill  France Eau d'Olle
Jinanqiao Dam 160 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity Template:CHINA Jinsha River
Los Leones Dam 160 mTemplate:Smn Earthen embankment  Chile Los Leones
Ranjit Sagar Dam 160 mTemplate:Smn Embankment  India Ravi River
Ross Dam 160 mTemplate:Smn Concrete thin arch  United States Skagit River
Yellowtail Dam 160 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch-gravity  United States Bighorn River
Pai Querê Dam 158 mTemplate:Smn Concrete-face rock-fill  Brazil Pelotas River
Cougar Dam 158 mTemplate:Smn Rock-fill embankment dam  United States McKenzie River
Emborcação Dam 158 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth-fill  Brazil Rio Paranaíba
Naramata Dam 158 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, rock-fill  Japan Naramata
Geheyan Dam 157 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch Template:CHINA Qingjiang River
Dongjiang Dam 157 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch Template:CHINA Lishui River
Jilintai I Dam 157 mTemplate:Smn Concrete-face rock-fill Template:CHINA Kashi River
Okutadami Dam 157 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  Japan Tadami River
Speccheri Dam 157 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Italy Vallarsa
Malutang Dam 156 mTemplate:Smn Concrete-face rock-fill Template:CHINA Panlong River
Miyagase Dam 156 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  Japan Nakatsu River
Nukui Dam 156 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Japan Takayama
Swift Dam 156 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth-fill  United States Lewis River
Urayama 156m Roller compacted concrete  Japan Arakawa River
Zeuzier Dam 156 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Switzerland Lienne
Zipingpu Dam 156 mTemplate:Smn Embankment Template:CHINA Min River
Tepco Upper Azumi Dam 155.5m Concrete arch  Japan Azumi
Sakuma Dam 155.5 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  Japan Tenryū River
Bashan Dam 155 mTemplate:Smn Concrete-face rock-fill Template:CHINA Renhe
Lijiaxia Dam 155 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity-arch Template:CHINA Huang He
Göscheneralp Dam 155 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth-fill  Switzerland Göschenerreuss
Place Moulin Dam 155 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Italy Buthier
Kenyir Dam 155 mTemplate:Smn Embankment  Malaysia Kenyir
Ralco Dam 155 mTemplate:Smn Roller-compacted concrete gravity  Chile Biobío River
Turkwel Dam 155 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Kenya Turkwel
Bhumibol Dam 154 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Thailand Ping
Serra da Mesa Dam 154 mTemplate:Smn Embankment  Brazil Tocantins
Xiaolangdi Dam 154 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, rock-fill Template:CHINA Huang He
Malutang Dam 154 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity Template:CHINA Panlong Jiang
Gepatsch Dam 153 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, rock-fill  Austria Faggenbach, Inn River
Curnera Dam 153 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Switzerland Curnera
Monteynard-Avignonet Dam 153 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  France Drac
Santa Giustina 153 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Italy Noce
Tedorigawa Dam 153 mTemplate:Smn Embankment  Japan Tedori
Flaming Gorge Dam 153 mTemplate:Smn Concrete thin-arch  United States Green River
Alqueva Dam 152 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity-arch  Portugal Guadiana
Torul Dam 152mTemplate:Smn Rockfill  Turkey Harşit River
Fierza Dam (Fierze) 152 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, rock-fill  Albania Drin River
Menzelet Dam 151 mTemplate:Smn Embankment  Turkey Ceyhan River
Zervreila Dam 151 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Switzerland River Rhine
Porce III Dam 151 mTemplate:Smn Concrete face/Rock fill  Colombia Porce
Fontana Dam 150m Concrete gravity  United States Little Tennessee River
Roselend Dam 150 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity-arch-buttress  France Roselend
Canelles Dam 150 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch  Spain Noguera Ribagorzana
Dongjing Dam 150 mTemplate:Smn Concrete-face rock-fill Template:CHINA Beipan River
Baishan Dam 149.5 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity-arch Template:CHINA Second Songhua River
El Infiernillo Dam 149 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, rock-fill  Mexico Balsas
Moiry Dam 148m Concrete arch  Switzerland Gougra
Salvajina Dam 148mTemplate:Smn Rock filled  Colombia Rio Cauca
Gigerwald 147m Concrete arch  Switzerland Tamina
Longshou II Dam 146.5 m Concrete-face rock-fill Template:CHINA Heihe River
Belisario Domínguez (Angostura) Dam 146 mTemplate:Smn Embankment  Mexico Grijalva
Limmern Dam 146m Concrete arch  Switzerland Limmern
Hassan I Dam 145 m Embankment, earth-fill  Morocco Lakhdar River
Mohale Dam 145 m Concrete-face rock-fill  Lesotho Sequnyane River
Srisailam Dam 145 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity  India Krishna
Tagokura Dam 145 m Concrete gravity  Japan Tadami
Ney Braga 145m Concrete face rock-fill embankment  Brazil Iguazu River
Vacha Dam 144.5 m Concrete gravity  Bulgaria Vacha
Adiguzel Dam 144m Earthen embankment rock fill  Turkey Buyuk Menderes
Özlüce Dam 144m Rockfill  Turkey Peri River
Morrow Point Dam 143 m Concrete, double-curve arch  United States Gunnison River
Tarbela Dam 143 m Embankment  Pakistan Indus River
Oddatjørn Dam 142 m Embankment  Norway Ulladalsåna
Warragamba Dam 142 m Concrete  Australia Warragamba River
Valle di Lei Dam 141m Concrete arch  Switzerland Graubunden
Aldeadávila Dam 140 m Concrete arch-gravity  Spain/ Portugal Douro River
Gordon Dam 140 m Concrete arch  Australia Gordon River
Xingó Dam 140 m Concrete face rock-fill  Brazil São Francisco River
Bath County PS Upper Dam 140m Earth and rock fill  United States Back Creek
Chamera Dam 140m Concrete  India Ravi
Arimine Dam 140m Concrete gravity  Japan Wada River
Mangla Dam 138 m Embankment  Pakistan Jehlum River
Malpaso Dam 137.5 mTemplate:Smn Embankment  Mexico Grijalva River
Çine Dam 136.5m RCC gravity  Turkey Çine
Caracoles Dam 136m Concrete  Argentina San Juan
Cancano Dam 136m Concrete arch gravity  Italy Adda
Minamiaiki Dam 136m Rock fill embankment  Japan Minamiaiki
Cabril Dam 136 m Concrete arch  Portugal Zêzere
Carters Dam 136 m Earthen embankment  United States Coosawattee River
Sauris 136m Concrete arch double  Italy Lumiei
Alicura Dam 135m Rockfill  Argentina Limay River

Under construction

Name Height Type Country River
Rogun Dam 335 mATemplate:Smn Embankment, earth and rock-fill  Tajikistan Vakhsh
Shuangjiangkou Dam 312 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, rock-fill Template:CHINA Dadu
Jinping I Dam 305 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch Template:CHINA Yalong Jiang
Lianghekou Dam 295 mTemplate:Smn Embankment Template:CHINA Yalong, Qingda and Xianshui River confluence
Xiluodu Dam 273 mTemplate:Smn Concrete arch Template:CHINA Jinsha Jiang
Nuozhadu Dam 261 mTemplate:Smn Embankment Template:CHINA Lancang River
Changheba Dam 240 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, concrete-face rock-fill Template:CHINA Dadu River
Gilgel Gibe III Dam 240 mTemplate:Smn Roller compacted concrete gravity  Ethiopia Omo River
Goupitan dam 232.5 mTemplate:Smn Concrete double-arch Template:CHINA Wu Jiang River
TaSang Dam 228 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, concrete-face rock-fill  Myanmar Salween River
Ituango Dam 225 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth-fill  Colombia Cauca River
Houziyan Dam 223.5m concrete-face rock-fill Template:CHINA Dadu River
Jiangpinghe Dam 221m Embankment, concrete-face rock-fill Template:CHINA Loushui River
La Yesca Dam 220m Embankment, concrete-face rock-fill  Mexico Rio Grande de Santiago
Antamina Tailings Dam 215m Concrete face,rock fill  Peru Ayash River
Dagangshan Dam 210m Arch Template:CHINA Dadu River
Khudoni Dam 200 mTemplate:Smn Concrete double-arch gravity  Georgia Enguri River
Boyabat Dam 195 mTemplate:Smn Gravity  Turkey Kizilirmak
Sogamoso Dam 190m Concrete face,gravel fill  Colombia Sogamoso
Seimare Dam 180m Arch, variable-radius  Iran Seimare
Upper Gotvand Dam 180m Embankment, rock-fill  Iran Karun
Sykia Dam[7] 170 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, earth-fill  Greece Achelous River
Kığı Dam 168 mTemplate:Smn Earthen embankment, rock-fill  Turkey Peri River
Koldam Dam 167 mTemplate:Smn Earthen embankment, rock-fill  India Sutlej
Mazar Dam[3] 165 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, concrete-face rock-fill  Ecuador Mazar River
Xiangjiaba Dam 161 mTemplate:Smn Concrete gravity Template:CHINA Jinsha Jiang River
Guanyinyan Dam 159 mTemplate:Smn Gravity Template:CHINA Jinsha River
Messochora Dam[7] 150 mTemplate:Smn Embankment, concrete-face rock-fill  Greece Achelous River
Maoergai Dam 147m Embankment, rock-fill Template:CHINA Heishui River
Murum Dam 143 mTemplate:Smn Gravity, RCC  Malaysia Murum River
Ludila Dam 140 mTemplate:Smn Concrete Gravity Template:CHINA Jinsha River
Bureya Dam 139m Concrete gravity  Russia Bureya
Ahai Dam 138 mTemplate:Smn Gravity Template:CHINA Jinsha River
Ilisu Dam 135 m Earthen embankment, clay core  Turkey Tigris River

Notes

  • ^ A 300m and 280m tall design under consideration.

References

  1. ^ "Manuel Moreno Torres". Freebase. Retrieved 2010-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  2. ^ "Mauvoisin Dam". Planetware. Retrieved 2010-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i **hydropowerstation.com**"World's Highest Dams". Infoplease. Retrieved 2010-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  4. ^ Non-conventional concrete dams on rock foundations. Taylor & Francis. 1997. p. 82. ISBN 90-5410-252-7. {{cite book}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  5. ^ Hydro-Québec (June 1999). Aménagement hydroélectrique de la Sainte-Marguerite-3 : En accord avec le milieu (PDF) (in French). Montreal: Hydro-Québec. p. 5. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/2-550-34771-0 |2-550-34771-0 [[Category:Articles with invalid ISBNs]]]]. Retrieved July 10, 2011. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  6. ^ Société d'énergie de la Baie James (1987). Le complexe hydroélectrique de La Grande Rivière. Réalisation de la première phase (in French). Montreal: Société d'énergie de la Baie James/Éditions de la Chenelière. p. 470. ISBN 2-89310-010-4.
  7. ^ a b "Greek Large Dams". Greek Commission on Large Dams. Retrieved 2010-07-05. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)